Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for vaporizing a fluid to improve performance of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst. A vaporizer including a plurality of flow channels having an increased surface area may facilitate vaporization and mixing of the fluid in, e.g., an engine exhaust or gas containing nitrous oxides. The vaporizer may be located in an exhaust system downstream of a fluid injection site and upstream of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The exhaust discharged from the selective catalytic reduction catalyst may have a reduced concentration of nitrogen oxides.

Abstract: A method of dosing a reagent into an exhaust gas stream of an internal combustion engine having an SCR catalyst, the method comprising injecting reagent from a reagent tank into the exhaust gas stream at a position upstream of the SCR catalyst using a reagent injector in accordance with a first dosing schedule in order to remediate a predetermined proportion of NOx in the exhaust gas stream, the first dosing schedule being associated with a first range of engine operating conditions; and injecting reagent from the reagent tank into the exhaust gas stream at a position upstream of the SCR catalyst using a reagent injector in accordance with a second dosing schedule in order to enable heat transfer between the reagent injector and said injected reagent, the second dosing schedule being associated with a second range of engine operating conditions.

Abstract: An exhaust gas aftertreatment device, including a bent exhaust pipe, a mixing pipe having a closed end at the exhaust pipe bend and a bell-shaped widened portion in at least partial contact with the exhaust pipe at its opposite end, and a nozzle connected to a receptacle in the mixing pipe closed end for injecting an additive into the exhaust gases, with a mixing zone in the exhaust pipe between the urea nozzle and the exhaust pipe outlet in which the exhaust gases flow around the mixing pipe symmetrically and form a double eddy in the mixing pipe.

Abstract: Provided is an emission treatment system and method for simultaneously remediating the nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust streams. The emission treatment system has an oxidation catalyst upstream of a soot filter coated with a material effective in the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx by a reductant, e.g., ammonia. Also provided is a method for disposing an SCR catalyst composition on a wall flow monolith that provides adequate catalyst loading, but does not result in unsuitable back pressures in the exhaust.

Abstract: An engine exhaust purification device comprises: a selective reduction type NOx catalyst; an oxidation catalyst disposed on an upstream side of the NOx catalyst; a reducing agent adding device which adds an NOx reducing agent to an exhaust gas of an engine; a control device which controls the reducing agent adding device; and an NO2 ratio calculation device which estimates an NO2 ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst. The NO2 ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into the NOx catalyst is calculated by a catalytic reaction model where the oxidation reaction of NO in the oxidation catalyst is numerically formulated, and the NO2 ratio is reflected to calculate an amount of ammonia adsorbed on the NOx catalyst by a catalytic reaction model where a chemical reaction concerned with the reduction of NOx in the NOx catalyst is numerically formulated.

Abstract: The invention is directed at systems and process for reducing or eliminating the emissions of one or more undesirable substances. The systems include a heat storage device an emission reduction device, one or more valves, and one or more exit points.

Abstract: Arrangement for introducing a liquid medium into exhaust gases from a combustion engine, having a mixing duct, an injector for injecting the liquid medium into the mixing duct, and an inlet duct situated upstream of the mixing duct. The inlet duct has a first duct section which is annular in cross-section and a second duct section which is annular in cross-section. The second duct section is situated downstream of the first duct section and surrounds the mixing duct. The first duct section surrounds the second duct section. The mixing duct further has a flow reversal section via which an annular outlet of the first duct section is connected to an annular inlet of the second duct section and which is configured to reverse the direction of flow of the exhaust gases flowing through the inlet duct, to flow through the second duct section in a direction opposite to that of the exhaust gases in the first duct section.

Abstract: A method is applied to regenerate particulate matter in a particulate filter of a hybrid electric vehicle having a combination of a combustion engine and an electric motor for propelling the vehicle, the hybrid electric vehicle having an electrically heated catalyst disposed in flow communication with the particulate filter in an exhaust system of the vehicle. The method determines whether the combustion engine is or is not combusting fuel, and under a condition where the combustion engine is not combusting fuel, the catalyst is electrically heated until it has reached a temperature suitable to cause ignition of the particulate matter. The electric motor is used to facilitate rotation of the combustion engine at a rotational speed suitable to draw air into and be exhausted out of the combustion engine into the exhaust system, across the catalyst, and into the particulate filter to facilitate ignition of the particulate in the filter.

Abstract: Aggregation of particulate matter is facilitated. Provision is made for an electrode that is arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine with a voltage to be applied thereto being able to be changed, a detection device that detects an electric current passing through the electrode, a determination device that determines whether a pulse current has been generated in the electric current detected by the detection device, and a control device that reduces the voltage to be applied more than that at this time in cases where a determination has been made by the determination device that a pulse current has been generated.

Abstract: Apparatuses for marine propulsion systems having an internal combustion engine comprise an exhaust conduit conveying exhaust from the internal combustion engine; a cooling jacket on the exhaust conduit; and a cooling passage between the exhaust conduit and the cooling jacket. The cooling passage guides flow of cooling liquid from upstream to downstream towards a location where the cooling liquid is mixed with exhaust in the exhaust conduit. First and second baffles are axially spaced apart and extend transversely with respect to the cooling passage so as to disperse the flow of cooling liquid at the location where the cooling liquid is mixed with the exhaust, thereby reducing reversion of cooling liquid in the exhaust conduit. At least one catalyst and at least one oxygen sensor are disposed in the exhaust conduit. The oxygen sensor is adjacent to and oriented parallel to a downstream face of the catalyst so that exhaust flows perpendicularly across the sensor.

Abstract: A method of performing a pump check for a brake system comprises determining a first position of a pump with a pump position sensor upon ignition of a vehicle. A pump motor is powered based upon a preselected operating condition. A second position of the pump is determined with the pump position sensor. The first position of the pump and the second position of the pump are compared. The pump motor is confirmed as operational when the second position of the pump is different from the first position of the pump.

Abstract: Parasitic hydraulic loading on an engine is significantly reduced during cold starts by using an unloader valve to divert the flow of hydraulic fluid from a hydraulic pump to a hydraulic actuator, i.e., load source, recirculating the hydraulic fluid between the hydraulic pump and the unloader valve.

Abstract: A stator assembly for a torque converter includes first and second blade plates, a one-way clutch assembly disposed axially between the blade plates and a centering plate. The one-way clutch assembly has an inner race with an outer circumferential surface, an outer race with an outer circumferential surface, and a plurality of blocking elements disposed radially between the inner race and the outer race. The centering plate includes a ring portion grippingly engaged with the outer race outer circumferential surface and an annular portion with an inner circumferential surface arranged to radially position the inner race outer circumferential surface. In an example embodiment, at least one of the blade plates is made by stamping.

Abstract: A control system for evaluating a brake booster system includes an engine evaluation module that detects an engine off condition. A pressure evaluation module, during the engine off condition, monitors hydraulic brake line pressure, detects a change in brake booster pressure, and determines a brake booster vacuum decay rate based on the change in brake booster pressure. A fault reporting module detects a brake booster system fault based on the brake line pressure and the brake booster vacuum decay rate.

Abstract: A system has a variable displacement pump that supplies pressurized fluid to power a plurality of hydraulic functions. Each hydraulic function has a control valve with a variable source orifice controlling fluid flow between the pump and a flow summation node, and a variable metering orifice controlling fluid flow between the flow summation node and a hydraulic actuator. Variable bypass orifices in the control valves are connected in series between the flow summation node and a tank. As the metering orifice in a control valve enlarges, the source orifice enlarges and the bypass orifice shrinks. This alters pressure at the flow summation node, which is used to control the output of the pump. Components are provided to give selected hydraulic functions different levels of priority with respect to consuming fluid flow from the pump.

Abstract: A hydraulic pump driven by an engine, a hydraulic actuator, and a negative control circuit are provided on an open center hydraulic circuit, for guiding the hydraulic pressure in the center bypass to the hydraulic pump, as a negative control pressure. A negative control pressure control device controls the negative control pressure to an arbitrary value is also provided. The pump characteristic of the hydraulic pump is set such that the discharge flow rate is minimized when the negative control pressure in the negative control circuit is equal to or greater than a first predetermined pressure. Furthermore, an idling detection device that detects whether the hydraulic actuator is in a non-operated state or not is provided. The negative control pressure is forcefully controlled to the first predetermined pressure or higher when the non-operating state is detected.

Abstract: A wave power module and each of a plurality of the power modules convert energy from high energy waves and swells into usable power on an industrial scale. These modules are connected by piping to the consumer of the mechanical energy in the form of the high pressurized working fluid. A submerged immovable platform and a submerged movable platform connected to a float by outer and inner power flexible links with variable free lengths and compressible chambers installed between the immovable and movable platforms. The variable buoyancy force of the float is converted into driving force, which acts through the movable platform on the compressible chambers to discharge a flow of the high pressurized working fluid to the consumer. The stroke of the movable platform and compressible chambers is less than the height of waves or swells.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Stirling engine capable of effectively recovering heat from exhaust gas flowing through a flue, and connecting a heating portion 10 and a regeneration portion 5 with each other through an operation gas tube without providing a flow passage separating portion 110, and the heating portion 10 includes a heating portion head 10a and a heat-transfer tube group, the heating portion head 10a includes first through holes 30R and second through holes 30S, the first through holes 30R are formed closer to a center region of the heating portion head 10a as compared with the second through holes 30S, one ends of U-shaped tubes are mounted in the first through holes 30R and the other ends of them are mounted in the second through holes 30S, and parallel exhaust gas flow passages is formed between the U-shaped tubes.

Abstract: An actuator includes a capturing part, a retained part and a heating element which applies heat to the retained part or the capturing part responsive to selective application of power to the at least one heating element. The capturing part attaches to a first object and has a first coefficient of thermal expansion. The retained part attaches to a second object and has a second coefficient of thermal expansion. The retained part is insertable into the capturing part in a first state of the actuator. The retained part is held in contact with the capturing part via an interference fit to hold the first and second objects proximate to each other in a second state. The retained part is ejected from the capturing part in a third state. Applying heat via the heating element causes a transition between the second and the first or third states of the actuator.

Abstract: Provided is a reservoir having first and second partitions. The first partitions partition a brake reservoir chamber and clutch reservoir chambers. The first partitions extend in a length direction of the vehicle and are formed uprightly along the sidewalls. The second partitions connect the first partitions and the sidewalls adjacent to the first partitions. The second partitions are formed uprightly at middle positions of the respective sidewalls in the length direction of the vehicle. The brake reservoir chamber and the clutch reservoir chambers are formed to face the sidewalls.

Abstract: A power system includes a natural gas engine, a first turbine receiving an exhaust from the engine, and a second turbine having an inlet fluidly connected to an outlet of the first turbine. The power system also includes a compressor driven by the first turbine. The compressor has an outlet fluidly connected to the engine. The power system further includes a bypass system directing a fluid from the outlet of the compressor to the inlet of the second turbine.

Abstract: A fresh gas supply device for an internal combustion engine having an exhaust gas turbocharger includes a charge air inlet for letting in compressed charge air from the exhaust gas turbocharger; an outlet connected to the charge air inlet, wherein the connection is closable via at least one backflow flap pivotable about a rotational flap axis; a compressed air inlet for letting compressed air into the outlet; an adjusting unit for adjusting the at least one backflow flap; at least one additional turbocharging unit having an air turbine and a compressor coupled thereto. The air turbine is disposed upstream of the compressed air inlet in the flow direction of the compressed air and compressed air can flow through the air turbine. The compressor is designed to take in and compress additional charge air from the charge air inlet and deliver compressed additional charge air to the outlet.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine and operating method. The internal combustion engine includes a fresh air system for the supplying of fresh air to at least one combustion chamber; an exhaust gas system for the carrying away of exhaust gas from the at least one combustion chamber; an exhaust gas recycling system for the recycling the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas system into the fresh air system; and at least one additional valve, configured in the fresh air system upstream of at least one inlet valve associated with the at least one combustion chambers. A control device is configured to actuate at least one additional valve such that at least one of a particle content in the exhaust gas and a fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine are at least one of optimum and optimal comprise for at least one environmental parameter.

Abstract: An offshore power generation structure comprising a submerged portion having a first deck portion comprising an integral multi-stage evaporator system, a second deck portion comprising an integral multi-stage condensing system, a third deck portion housing power generation equipment, cold water pipe; and a cold water pipe connection. The heat exchangers in the evaporator and condenser systems include a multi-stage cascading heat exchange system. Warm water conduits in the first deck portion and cold water conduits in the second deck portion are integral to the structure of the submerged portion of the offshore platform.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and apparatus for converting light energy to mechanical energy by modification of surface tension on a supporting fluid. The apparatus comprises an object which may be formed as a composite object comprising a support matrix and a highly light absorptive material. The support matrix may comprise a silicon polymer. The highly light absorptive material may comprise vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VANTs) embedded in the support matrix. The composite object is supported on a fluid. By exposing the highly light absorptive material to light, heat is generated, which changes the surface tension of the composite object, causing it to move physically within the fluid.

Abstract: Before being fed into a pipe, particularly a network of pipes for the supply of consumers, gas, preferably natural gas, is continuously conditioned. The pressurized gas is removed from a reservoir, expanded, and heated to a predefined temperature before or after the expansion thereof in that a branched-off partial flow of the fed-out natural gas is mixed with oxygen and the resulting burnable gas is catalytically burned. The fed-out gas is heated with the thermal energy that is produced. For this purpose, a partial exhaust gas flow is branched off from a hot exhaust gas flow released during the catalytic combustion and conducted into a first container together with the cold burnable gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy using a non-gaseous working medium present in an apparatus comprising a plurality of heat exchangers and an outgoing shaft. In accordance with the invention, the apparatus used comprises a multitude of chamber units, a chamber unit comprising an inlet for introducing heat exchange medium and an outlet for discharging heat exchange medium as well as a closed chamber having a heat exchanger wall for exchanging heat between working medium inside the closed chamber and the heat exchange medium introduced into the chamber unit via said inlet for introducing heat exchange medium and heat exchange medium is passed around so as to do work when it is giving off heat to a chamber unit containing relatively cool working medium and recuperate heat when it is passed through a chamber unit containing relatively warm working medium. The invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the method.

Abstract: Provided is a power plant including a gas turbine that uses a fuel gas as a fuel; a fuel gas cooler that cools the fuel gas, which is to be pressurized in a fuel gas compressor and re-circulated, using cooling water; and a dust collection device that separates/removes impurities from the fuel gas that is to be guided to the fuel gas compressor; wherein the power plant further includes heating means that heats the fuel gas that is to be guided to the dust collection device using the fuel gas that has been used to generate an anti-thrust force acting on a rotor of the fuel gas compressor.

Abstract: A combustion system for a gas turbine engine includes a housing defining a pressure vessel. A master injector is mounted to the housing for injecting fuel along a central axis defined through the pressure vessel. A plurality of slave injectors is included. Each slave injector is disposed radially outward of and substantially parallel to the master injector for injecting fuel and air in an injection plume radially outward of fuel injected through the master injector. The master injector and slave injectors are configured and adapted so the injection plume of the master injector intersects with the injection plumes of the slave injectors. The slave injectors can be staged for reduced power operation.

Abstract: A system is disclosed that includes a combustor having an end cover and at least one fuel nozzle assembly extending from an inner face of the end cover. A cartridge may extend through the end cover and into the fuel nozzle assembly. The cartridge may define an opening for receiving light emitted from within the combustor. Additionally, a fiber optic cable may be disposed within the cartridge and may be configured to capture at least a portion of the light received through the opening.

Abstract: An axial compressor providing a thermal adjustment of a housing of a compressor of a stationary gas turbine to the rotor is provided. A partial flow is decoupled from the compressor air flow for cooling gas turbine components. The contact of the partial flow decoupled from the compressor with the interior side of the housing is substantially limited, or even avoided, by a separating element in a collection chamber annularly encompassing the flow path in order to prevent the premature thermal heating of the gas turbine or of the housing during cold starting.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a unique apparatus having a gas turbine engine flange assembly. Also disclosed is a unique system having a gas turbine engine flange assembly in which a fluid flow circuit is provided. Also disclosed are apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for gas turbine engine flange assemblies, in which a fluid flow circuit extends between flanges or from a cavity within a turbine engine case to an interior portion of a flange assembly.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for facilitating cooling of an electronic component of varying heat load. The apparatus includes a refrigerant evaporator coupled in thermal communication with the electronic component, a refrigerant loop coupled in fluid communication with the refrigerant evaporator for facilitating flow of refrigerant through the evaporator, and a thermoelectric array disposed in thermal communication with the evaporator. The thermoelectric array includes one or more thermoelectric elements, and is powered by a voltage and by a current of switchable polarity, which are controlled to maintain heat load on refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant evaporator within a steady state range, notwithstanding varying of the heat load applied to the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant by the at least one electronic component.

Abstract: A cryogenic refrigerator includes a cylinder configured to be fed with a refrigerant gas, a displacer configured to reciprocate in the cylinder, a drive unit configured to cause the displacer to reciprocate in the cylinder, and a connecting mechanism connecting the drive unit and the displacer. The connecting mechanism includes an output shaft extending from the drive unit toward the displacer, an engagement pin provided through the output shaft to extend in directions to cross the reciprocating directions of the displacer, a rotation prevention mechanism configured to engage with the engagement pin to prevent a further rotation of the displacer when the displacer rotates, and a lid body fixed to an end portion of the displacer and engaging with the output shaft.

Abstract: Cooling devices for use with electric submersible pump motors include a refrigerator attached to the end of the electric submersible pump motor with the evaporator heat exchanger accepting all or a portion of the heat load from the motor. The cooling device can be a self-contained bolt-on unit, so that minimal design changes to existing motors are required.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for cooling and dehumidifying air in a room. The system includes a processing unit structured and arranged to process a coolant to achieve a cooling that exceeds cold due to evaporation, wherein the coolant cools and dehumidifies air coming into contact with the coolant. The system also comprises a distribution unit arranged to expose the coolant to the air and a collecting unit structured to feed the coolant that has come into contact with the air into the processing unit.

Abstract: An air conditioner includes a compressor, first and second heat exchangers connected with high pressure piping, low pressure piping connecting the second heat exchanger to a compressor suction port, a pressure reducing mechanism arranged to reduce pressure in the high pressure piping, a bypass passageway, a vessel connected to the bypass passageway, and first and second opening/closing mechanisms. The first heat exchanger is connected to a compressor discharge port. The bypass passageway is arranged to divert refrigerant from the high pressure piping to the low pressure piping without passing through the second heat exchanger. The first opening/closing mechanism is arranged to open/close a first portion of the bypass passageway that connects the high pressure piping to the vessel. The second opening/closing mechanism is arranged to open/close a second portion of the bypass passageway that connects an upper part of the vessel to the low pressure piping.

Abstract: Embodiments of a modular air conditioning (AC) unit include a base unit, a blower mounted to the base unit, and at least one heat exchanger module assembled to the base unit and communicatively coupled to the blower to form a modular AC circuit. The modular AC unit also includes a controller communicatively coupled to at least one component of the modular AC circuit and adapted to independently control operation of each of the components of the modular AC circuit.

Abstract: Heating equipment, including a first heat exchanger, a compressor, a second heat exchanger, and a first expansion valve that decompresses a refrigerant flowing from the second heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger, are connected so as to circulate the refrigerant. A third heat exchanger provides heat of the refrigerant flowing from the second heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger to the refrigerant flowing from the first heat exchanger toward the compressor. An injection circuit merges part of the refrigerant flowing from the second heat exchanger to the first heat exchanger with the refrigerant that is sucked by the compressor. An injection expansion valve is installed in the injection circuit and decompresses the refrigerant flowing in the injection circuit. A fourth heat exchanger is installed in the injection circuit to supply heat of the refrigerant flowing from the second heat exchanger toward the first heat exchanger to the refrigerant flowing in the injection circuit.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an external condenser and light assembly and, more particularly, to an improved external air conditioning condenser and housing that is designed to additionally serve as a light assembly for an emergency vehicle. The condenser housing is mounted to the exterior of the emergency vehicle, which improves the performance of the emergency vehicle's air-conditioning system. The design of the condenser housing also allows it to serve as a light assembly on which emergency vehicle lights are mounted. The condenser housing and light assembly structure thereby provides for proper air conditioning functionality without occupying space on the exterior of the vehicle that would more preferably be occupied by emergency lighting.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for choosing an energy-efficient coolant temperature for electronics by considering the temperature dependence of the electronics' power dissipation. This dependence is explicitly considered in selecting the coolant temperature T0 that is sent to the equipment. To minimize power consumption PTotal for the entire system, where PTotal=P0+PCool is the sum of the electronic equipment's power consumption P0 plus the cooling equipment's power consumption PCool, PTotal is obtained experimentally, by measuring P0 and PCool, as a function of three parameters: coolant temperature T0; weather-related temperature T3 that affects the performance of free-cooling equipment; and computational state C of the electronic equipment, which affects the temperature dependence of its power consumption. This experiment provides, for each possible combination of T3 and C, the value T0* of T0 that minimizes PTotal.

Abstract: An industrial heat load evaporative cooling system. The system includes multiple cooling towers and includes cooling coil heat transfer equipment locally associated with an industrial heat load, with the system subject to command and control equipment.

Abstract: A plate-type heat exchanger having a first heat exchanger portion configured to receive a refrigerant flow and a hot side coolant flow having a lower temperature than the refrigerant flow, a second heat exchanger portion configured to receive the refrigerant flow exiting from the first heat exchanger portion and a cold side coolant flow having a higher temperature than the refrigerant flow exiting from the first heat exchanger portion, and an internal heat exchanger portion sandwiched between the first heat exchanger portion and the second heat exchanger portion. The refrigerant flow through the plate type heat exchanger is in non-contact thermal communication with the hot side coolant flow and the cold side coolant flow. The cold side coolant flow transfers heat energy to the refrigerant, which in turn transfer that heat energy to the hot side coolant flow.

Abstract: A machine for producing products such as ice cream, frozen beverages or granita. An example of the machine comprises a tank with a tap for dispensing a product. A cylinder with a substantially horizontal axis projects from a rear wall inside the tank. The cylinder forms the evaporator of a refrigerating circuit. A mixer element around the cylinder rotates coaxially with the cylinder axis. A motor unit is connected to the mixer element via a drive shaft passing along the axis of the cylinder. The drive shaft connects to the mixer element at one end of the cylinder opposite the rear wall. The motor unit comprises a final reduction stage in alignment with the cylinder axis, a motor arranged at an angle with respect to the cylinder axis and substantially parallel to the rear wall, and an angular drive between the final reduction stage and the motor.

Abstract: An ice bank for a refrigerator, comprises: an ice bank body having an ice-crushing unit and a discharging passage; and a mode conversion apparatus disposed in the ice bank body for guiding ice cubes to the ice-crushing unit, or guiding the ice cubes to the discharging passage for discharge in a non-crushed state, wherein the mode conversion apparatus comprises: a guide member rotatably disposed in the ice bank body for guiding ice cubes to the ice-crushing unit, or to the discharging passage for discharge in a non-crushed state; an elastic member for elastically supporting the guide member; and a driving unit for generating a driving force so as to rotate the guide member. Accordingly, ice cubes can be dispensed in a non-crushed state or in a crushed state, and limitations in installation places of the ice bank can be reduced.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a main body that includes a refrigerating chamber and a freezing chamber, a door that selectively shields the refrigerating chamber, and an ice making unit that produces ice. An ice storage unit is provided at the door and stores ice produced in the ice making unit. The ice storage unit includes a housing, a storage basket that is removably coupled to the housing and that stores ice removed from the ice making unit to the ice storage unit, and a sensing apparatus that is provided at the housing and senses attachment or detachment of the storage basket. A controller controls transfer of ice produced by the ice making unit to the storage basket based on output from the sensing apparatus that indicates attachment or detachment of the storage basket.

Abstract: In a one embodiment, a system includes an air conditioning unit having an enclosure, a heat exchanger disposed in the enclosure, and a plurality of louvers coupled to the enclosure. The plurality of louvers is configured to move between an open position and a closed position, and the closed position is configured to protect the heat exchanger from an environment external to the enclosure.

Abstract: A refrigerating apparatus including a control unit which starts the operation of the refrigerant compressor in response to an operation signal and which regulates the pressure reducing device so that the temperature of a refrigerant in the water heat exchanger becomes +80 ° C. or more and the temperature of the refrigerant in the evaporator becomes 0 ° C. or less. The control unit detects a state where a cold storage amount in the cold storage unit reaches a predetermined amount or more and another state where the control unit judges whether the hot water storage tank is full of the hot water, after the elapse of a predetermined time from the start of the operation of the refrigerant compressor, and it stops the operation of the refrigerant compressor when one of the states is satisfied.

Abstract: This invention relates to refrigerators, and more particularly to a refrigerator in which a vacuum space is formed between an outer case and an inner case of a body thereof for enhancing a heat insulating function. The refrigerator includes a body having a storage space for storing a predetermined storage object, wherein the body includes an inner case having the storage space, an outer case having an inside surface spaced a predetermined gap from an outside surface of the inner case to house the inner case, and a vacuum space provided between the inner case and the outer case sealed to maintain a vacuum state for heat insulating between the inner case and the outer case.

Abstract: A food preserving method includes the step of housing a conductive food tray in a cooling box, placing food on the food tray and cooling and preserving the food with an AC voltage and a DC voltage being simultaneously applied to the food tray. After a DC-AC simultaneous application period during which the AC voltage and the DC voltage are simultaneously applied, the food is cooled with only one of the DC voltage and the AC voltage being applied to the food tray. A food preserving device including a cooling box, a conductive food tray housed in the cooling box, an AC power supply used for applying an AC voltage to the food tray and a DC power supply used for applying a DC voltage to the food tray is characterizing in that the AC voltage and the DC voltage are simultaneously applied to the food tray.