Abstract: A test fixture for determining circumferential shear properties of an arcuate test specimen may include an outer fixture and an inner fixture. The outer fixture may be coupled to an outer side of the test specimen, and may be rotatably mounted on a central pin and may include a rocker arm. The inner fixture may be coupled to an inner side of the test specimen, and may be rotatably mounted on the central pin and may include a load arm extending in a direction opposite the rocker arm. The inner fixture and the outer fixture may be configured such that application of a test load to the rocker arm and the load arm causes rotation thereof about the central pin producing circumferential movement of the inner side relative to the outer side and inducing a circumferential shear load in the test specimen.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a torsional state of a cable having a central longitudinal axis, includes providing a cable including a torsion sensor longitudinally extending along the cable, the torsion sensor including a single-mode optical fiber arranged substantially along the central longitudinal axis of the cable, and at least three longitudinal structural elements, at least one of the longitudinal structural elements being an electrically conductive core, wherein the torsion sensor is mechanically coupled with at least one of the longitudinal structural elements; measuring a torsional state of the single-mode optical fiber by polarisation-sensitive optical reflectometry; and associating the torsional state of the cable along the longitudinal axis with the measured torsional state of the single-mode optical fiber.

Abstract: An excitation circuit, which is used in an electromagnetic flow meter, measures a flow rate value for a fluid, based on an electromotive force. An excitation coil, which is provided on an outside of a measurement tube, is supplied with an excitation current, where, in response, the electromotive force, which is perpendicular to a magnetic field of the excitation coil that is generated in the fluid within the measurement tube, is detected by a pair of electrodes provided on the measurement tube.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a magnetic-inductive flow meter having a measuring tube on which there is fitted a magnetic unit for generating a magnetic field, which is aligned substantially perpendicular to a flow direction of an electrically conductive measuring medium flowing through the measuring tube and whose measurement voltage induced in the measuring medium can be detected by at least two inserted measuring electrodes electrically insulated from the measuring tube. In order to avoid coupling interference voltages into the electrical electrodes, the first and the second electrode leads can be jointly twisted starting from the leadthrough as far as the first electrode, where the first electrode lead is electrically connected to the first electrode, and the second electrode is connected to a short-circuited conductor loop which encompasses the measuring tube and is connected to the second electrode lead at a location of the first electrode.

Abstract: A system for detecting velocity airflow in a duct includes a plurality of vortex shedders arranged within the duct for inducing the shedding of vortices at a corresponding plurality of selected locations at a frequencies related to the airflow in the duct and a sound-sensing location on each vortex shedder. A plurality of microphones, each microphone being coupled acoustically with each sound-sensing location senses sounds generated by said shedding of vortices in a corresponding passage and provides an information signal indicative of said vortex shedding sounds. A processing unit performs a Fast Fourier Transform on the information signals to determine frequency of maximum amplitude within the information signals.

Abstract: An impact sensing and tracking system helps detect concussion risks using a computerized evaluation combined with traditional methods. The system includes impact sensors, a application and a centralized database with a webpage browser interface. Impact sensors are worn on athletes' heads, helmet or other headwear and measure impacts that athletes receive while playing sports. The mobile application includes a real-time test and alert system which assists play-side help detect concussion symptoms, provides medical care notices and reports test results to the database for tracking and analysis. The impact data for each athlete is stored in the database along with tests that have been administered through the application. The system reviews, analyzes and compares impact data to standardized concussion data and stores it as a comprehensive, long-term diagnostic study on diagnosed concussions in athletes that the system uses to evaluate impact severities and concussion risks in specific situations.

Abstract: A torque sensor includes a magnetism generation portion that rotates together with a first shaft, a rotating magnetic circuit portion that rotates together with a second shaft, a fixed magnetic circuit portion fixed to a housing, a magnetism detector that detects a magnetic flux density guided from the magnetism generation portion to the fixed magnetic circuit portion through the rotating magnetic circuit portion in accordance with torsional deformation of the torsion bar, and a shield disposed between the rotating magnetic circuit portion and the magnetism detector in order to shield the magnetism detector magnetically.

Abstract: Provided is a sensor device capable of removing the influence of each offset voltage of a sensor element, a differential amplifier, and an amplifier of the sensor device, to thereby detect a physical quantity with high precision and respond to high-speed operation.

Abstract: The present technology relates generally to systems for processing dried blood spots (DBS) using laser cutting approaches to provide for rapid, contamination-free processing and methods of using same.

Abstract: In example embodiments, particle collection efficiency in aerosol analyzers and other particle measuring instruments is improved by a particle capture device that employs multiple collisions to decrease momentum of particles until the particles are collected (e.g., vaporized or come to rest). The particle collection device includes an aperture through which a focused particle beam enters. A collection enclosure is coupled to the aperture and has one or more internal surfaces against which particles of the focused beam collide. One or more features are employed in the collection enclosure to promote particles to collide multiple times within the enclosure, and thereby be vaporized or come to rest, rather than escape through the aperture.

Abstract: Provided is a novel particle adsorption probe (1000) for picking up a particle by adsorbing the particle. The particle adsorption probe (1000) can selectively pick up a particle having a specific particle diameter from a group of particles having a wide particle diameter distribution without requiring the application of a physical stress in picking up the particle and without contaminating a foreign matter surface in picking up the particle, and allows the particle to be analytically evaluated in an analysis apparatus directly after picking up the particle. The particle adsorption probe (1000) of the present invention includes a carbon nanotube aggregate (100) including a plurality of carbon nanotubes (10).

Abstract: Method and system of monitoring a measuring probe which is in contact with a measurement medium and registers a measurement value of the measurement medium, wherein the method comprises determining and evaluating time-dependent values of a first and a second parameter, wherein the first parameter responds faster than the second parameter to changes in a process to which the measurement medium is subjected, and wherein both of the parameters are probe-specific parameters.

Abstract: A swiveling joint system for a horse head on a pump jack includes a working beam, a worm drive, a horse head member, and at least one locking pin. The swiveling joint system improves access to parts of the well because the horse head member can be swiveled out of position instead of being completely disassembled. The locking pin holds the horse head member in alignment with the working beam. When the locking pin is removed, the worm drive controls the swiveling of the horse head member in either direction towards either side of the working beam. The worm drive has a worm gear attached to the horse head member so that movement and position of the horse head corresponds to movement of the worm gear. The horse head member and working beam are rotatable relative to each other on a pivot pin, which can be connected to a lubricator.

Abstract: A motor vehicle steering gear with a gear rack and a drive pinion that meshes with it, which drive pinion comprises a rigidly attached drive projection in a rotational bearing that is on a front face and eccentric to the pinion teething for coupling a motor vehicle steering spindle, said rotational bearing being guided in a direction transverse and parallel to a diametrical plane formed by the pinion teething, such that when the pinion is rotating, compensation strokes for the rotational bearing are specified in a direction transverse to the gear rack, said compensation strokes being caused by the eccentric attachment of the drive projection, a retaining projection rigidly attached at a front face concentrically to the pinion teeth, the retaining projection being rotatably in engagement with the retaining piece that is guided within a gear housing parallel to the gear rack teeth, is and that during pinion rotation compensation strokes parallel with and at a constant distance to the gear rack teeth are specifi

Abstract: A reciprocating rocking device for the rocking of a chair or cradle, the chair or cradle having rockers and a seat member, the reciprocating rocking device comprising a base secured to the rockers, the base comprising a first bracket, a second bracket secured to the seat member of the chair or cradle, a tension member connected to the second bracket, an eccentric, the eccentric constantly engaged with the second bracket and, a motor secured to the first bracket, the motor having a drive shaft operatively arranged to drive the eccentric, wherein the motor is coaxially arranged with the eccentric.

Abstract: An assembly including a cylinder lock including a rotatable member for actuating an external locking element, and a reduction gear disposed inside the cylinder lock, the reduction gear mechanically linked to the rotatable member and operable to rotate the rotatable member, the reduction gear including an interface member for connection to an actuator for movement of the reduction gear.

Abstract: A drive converter device (19) in accordance with the invention for converting a rotational drive of a drive device (20) into a translational actuation movement for a shifting element (18) of a transmission unit (8) with a cam disk (21) that is rotatable and adjustable in an axial direction is described. The cam disk (21) is formed with track areas (22, 23) with defined gradients, in the area of which the cam disk (21) is in operative connection with at least one fixed-housing element (24 to 26), such that the cam disk (21) is translationally adjustable in respect of the elements (24 to 26) through the rotational movement of the cam disk (21), depending on the gradients of the track areas (22, 23). Furthermore, an axle transmission device (8) with a shifting element (18) is described; in the area of this, an operative connection between a shaft (14B) of a differential (13) and a shaft connectable with a wheel of a vehicle axle is able to be produced.

Abstract: A swash plate type compressor is arranged with a plurality of semispherical shoes and a disc shaped swash plate. A resin coating is formed on a surface and a rear surface (sliding surface) of the swash plate which slides with the shoe. The resin coating includes a structure whereby multiple hexagonal cylinder bodies are fabricated on a surface of a substrate and an end surface of each cylinder body forms a sliding surface which slides with the shoe. In addition, a honeycomb shaped groove is formed at an adjacent position of each cylinder body forming a storage part of a lubricant O and a container part for foreign objects. The swash plate can be provided with excellent wear resistance, seizure resistance and lubrication retention.

Abstract: A drive device, comprising a first housing part and a second housing part which can be displaced with respect thereto, and comprising a motor assembly, which comprises a rotor, two mounting elements and two permanent magnet shells, and if desired comprising a transmission assembly and/or a sensor unit associated with the motor transmission.

Abstract: A steering gear having a gearwheel, having a pinion which meshes with said gearwheel and having a pinion shaft which comprises the pinion and winch is mounted so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the pinion shaft wherein the radial spacing between the pivot axis and the location of toothed engagement between the gearwheel and pinion is smaller than the core radius of the pinion.

Abstract: An apparatus for moving a slide-out room disposed in an aperture of a side wall of a vehicle from a retracted position to an extended position in a drive direction. The apparatus includes a drive assembly supported by the side wall of the vehicle and a driven assembly driven by the drive assembly. The driven assembly is connected to a wall of the slide-out room such that the slide-out room moves with the driven assembly from the retracted position to the extended position in the drive direction and the driven assembly is movable in a transverse direction generally perpendicular to the drive direction relative to the wall of the slide-out room.

Abstract: As compared to a single-axis actuator in which a ball returning passage of a ball screw mechanism is made of a circulating tube, the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of a threaded shaft of a slider can be made small, when the diameter of the outer circumferential circle of the threaded shaft of the present invention is same as that of the circulating tube type, and the load capacity can be made large, when the size in the longitudinal direction of the threaded shaft of the slider of the present invention is same as that of the circulating tube type. The ball returning passage for returning the balls (4) of a ball screw mechanism from an end point to a start point of a raceway encompasses: a through hole (24) penetrating through a slider (2) in a longitudinal direction of a threaded shaft (3); and end deflectors (6). Each of the end deflector (6) has a direction changing passage to be connected with the through hole (24).

Abstract: A length-adjustable unit includes a tubular outer component, an inner component displaceably guided in the outer component, issues from the outer component arranged outside of the outer component has a connecting element, and an additional connecting element arranged at the assembly end, opposing the exit end, of the outer component. The additional connecting element, or an intermediate element rigidly connected to the assembly end of the outer component, has at least one annular shoulder extending in the circumferential direction of the outer component over the full 360°, while at least one engaging element is associated with the intermediate element, which is rigidly connected to the assembly end of the outer component, or the additional connecting element, and this engaging element is engaged with the annular shoulder to be slidingly displaceable in the circumferential direction but positively engaged in a longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A serially-connected ball screw pair and piezoelectric actuator macro-micro driving and guiding device includes, from the bottom to the top, a sliding seat (1), a ball screw pair, a sliding table guide rail pairs, a nut seat (6), a piezoelectric actuator (7), a micro-moving table, a nut seat guide rail pairs and a sliding table (1). The axis of a ball screw is symmetric with respect to two sliding table rail pairs, a nut (3) of the ball screw pair is fixedly mounted into the nut seat (6), one end of the piezoelectric actuator (7) is fixedly connected with the nut seat (6) and the other end thereof is fixedly connected with the micro-moving table (8), the axis of the piezoelectric actuator is symmetric relative to two sliding table rail pairs, an upper surface of the micro-moving table is fixedly mounted to a lower surface of the sliding table, and two nut rail pairs are symmetric relative to the axis of the ball screw.

Abstract: A synchronous movement device applied to dual-shaft system includes a first shaft and a second shaft, which are assembled with each other and synchronously rotatable. The synchronous movement device further includes a driver disposed on the first shaft and a reactor disposed on the second shaft and a link unit connected between the driver and the reactor. When the first shaft drives the driver to rotate, the driver pushes the link unit to move along the first and second shafts to forcedly push the reactor to rotate in a direction reverse to the moving direction of the driver. Accordingly, the first and second shafts are synchronously rotated.

Abstract: A transmission has a three input torque-transmitting mechanism, such as friction clutches, to achieve torque flow through a countershaft gearing arrangement. The transmission includes an input member, an output member, an input clutch assembly having three input clutches and a countershaft gearing arrangement. The countershaft gearing arrangement is operatively connected with the input clutch assembly and includes: co-planar intermeshing gear sets, first and second countershafts, first, second and third intermediate input shafts.

Abstract: A dual clutch type transmission has first and second sections which respectively include first and second clutches. The clutches may be operated to allow torque transfer from an input to an output by way of the first section or the second section. One or more additional gear ratios is provided by a torque transfer pathway connecting the first and second sections such that torque is delivered from the input to the output by way of one or more stages of the first section and one or more stages of the second section. The additional gear ratios may comprise extra low gear ratios. Some embodiments provide transmissions suitable for driving pumps for use in hydraulic fracturing of geological formations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reducer of a vehicle. Size and weight of the reducer can be reduced by removing a pivot bearing and a damping coupler which are expensive and used for supporting a movement of a worm shaft and for buffering an impact applied to the worm shaft in a conventional reducer, thereby saving a manufacturing cost.

Abstract: An apparatus for actuating a shift lever for a vehicle may include a shift pattern unit that has two reference ranges in series at which the position of the shift lever is fixed and a passageway connecting the reference ranges for the shift lever to move, and a driving unit that provides the restoration force to the shift lever to selectively return the shift lever to one of the reference ranges when the shift lever is located on the passageway outside of the reference ranges.

Abstract: Disposed is an organ type electronic shift lever formed on a console surface at a periphery of a driver seat in a vehicle. The electronic shift lever may include a step motor coupled to the console surface and having both ends to which motor rotation shafts are connected, a pair of lever arms each having one end rotatably coupled to one or each of the motor rotation shafts, a pair of lever pins each rotatably coupled to the other end of one or each of the lever arms, a shift lever having side portions rotatably connected to the lever arms by the lever pins and a rear end to which a magnetic unit is coupled, a display unit formed on the shift lever, and a recognition sensor formed in the console surface and sensing a position of the magnetic unit. When the shift lever is moved forward or rearward while forming an inclination angle with the console surface, a gear shift stage of the vehicle is changed.

Abstract: A shift device for a motor vehicle transmission, in particular for a motor vehicle automatic transmission, includes a shift shaft operatively connected to the transmission and a shift lever for actuating the shift shaft, wherein the shift shaft and the shift lever are connected to one another by way of a spline connection. The spline connection is formed with rotational play, permitting a restricted rotational free travel of the shift shaft when the shift lever is stationary. A motor vehicle transmission having a shift device of this type is also disclosed.

Abstract: A parallel micro-robot with five degrees of freedom that is capable of manufacturing in compact size as well as capable of controlling more precisely compared with conventional parallel robot is disclosed. The parallel micro-robot with five degrees of freedom is capable of controlling an angle of the operating plate very precisely around two shafts rotating connection means which couples operating plate and up/down height adjusting actuator using a first and second angle adjusting actuator, and therefore, high accuracy is secured.

Abstract: The gravity compensation mechanism includes a first non-circular gear configured to rotate about a rotation axis of an arm part of the robot together with the arm part, a second non-circular gear driven by the first non-circular gear, and an extension/contraction body configured to extend and contract to produce force as the second non-circular gear rotates, one end portion of the extension/contraction body being connected to the second non-circular gear.

Abstract: A wiring structure for a robot arm includes a pair of arm members that each have a hollow shaft shape including a first end section and a second end section, and that are arranged to be parallel to each other. A wire-shaped body is introduced into the arm member from the first end section and led out of the arm member through the second end section so as to penetrate at least one of the pair of arm members in an axis direction of the arm member. A regulating member is provided at least in an intermediate region of the arm member in the longitudinal direction to regulate a displacement of the wire-shaped body within the arm member in a radial direction of the arm member.

Abstract: The master controller includes a main handle, a handle drum, a reverse handle, a lock collar, a first lock cam having an outer peripheral surface that locks the reverse handle at a neutral position when an operation key is at a locked position, a second lock cam that rotates integrally with the reverse handle, and has an outer peripheral surface that locks the reverse handle and the main handle at a neutral position when the operation key is at a locked position, and that locks the reverse handle at a forward position or a reverse position and unlocks the main handle when the reverse handle is operated to the forward position or the reverse position, and a rod holding unit that holds a rod movably between the lock collar and the second lock cam.

Abstract: A steering system for a motor vehicle is provided. The system comprises an articulated bearing and a shaft configured to be fixed to the articulated bearing. The articulated bearing comprises a clevis a mating clevis pivotally connected to the clevis. The clevis has a foot arranged substantially transversely to a longitudinal axis of the clevis, and two arms connected to the foot and substantially extending opposite one another along the longitudinal axis. The foot includes a longitudinal opening having a cross-sectional contour for receiving the shaft. At least one end of the shaft has an external contour complementary to the cross-sectional contour, wherein the cross-sectional contour of the longitudinal opening and the external contour of the shaft are formed to permit the shaft to be received in the longitudinal opening in one single rotational position about the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A dual independent phaser, including: one only single locking cover; a first phaser section including a first stator, a first rotor, a first plurality of chambers formed by a first rotor and the first stator, and first locking pin non-rotatably engaged with the first rotor and axially displaceable to non-rotatably connect the first rotor and the one only single locking cover; and second phaser section including second stator, a second rotor, a second plurality of chambers formed by a second rotor and the second stator, and second locking pin non-rotatably engaged with the second rotor and axially displaceable to non-rotatably connect the second rotor and the one only single locking cover.

Abstract: The rotation maintaining device includes a rotatable output shaft pivotally supported and provided with an axis running along a horizontal direction that is vertical to a direction of force of gravity, a rotatable rotary plate member concentrically coupled with the output shaft, a plurality of rotary weight members pivotally supported by the rotary plate member at positions near peripheral edge of the rotary plate member, respectively, so as to rotate around pivoted axes in only one direction, a guide member fixed in motionless condition to position coaxial with the output shaft, and provided with a peripheral side surface having a partially arc shape only on its one side where the rotary weight members rise when the rotary plate member rotates, and a plurality of rotation engagement members pivotally supported by the rotary plate member so as to rotate around pivoted axes, when outer circumference side surfaces of the rotation engagement members engage with and are guided by the partially arc shaped peripher

Abstract: A gearbox isolator (10) is provided to allow the gas within a gearbox cavity (50) to expand and contract in a manner that prevents the ingestion of airborne contaminants such as moisture and particulate matter. The gearbox isolator utilizes a breather bladder (22), a check valve (36) for venting gas to the atmosphere when the breather bladder is filled to capacity, and a desiccant filter (32) to provide make-up air to the gearbox when the breather bladder is empty. The desiccant filter is provided in a sealed canister (34) having a check valve (38) allowing atmospheric gas into the sealed canister when needed.

Abstract: A hybrid power train provided with a double clutch transmission includes: a first clutch and a second clutch configured to connect or cut off selectively rotational power transmitted from an engine; a first input shaft and a second input shaft that are connected to the first clutch and the second clutch to be rotated; a first motor generator that is connected to the first input shaft and provides the rotational power to the first input shaft; and a second motor generator that is connected to the second input shaft and provides the rotational power to the second input shaft.

Abstract: A vehicular transmission includes a transmission input shaft to which engine torque is input, first and second differential mechanisms as transmission mechanisms to which the engine torque is input through the transmission input shaft, a torque limiter arranged between the transmission input shaft and an engine configured to enable torque transmission between the transmission input shaft and an engine output shaft and inhibit an input of excessive torque larger than predetermined torque between the transmission input shaft and the engine output shaft, and a one-way clutch arranged between the torque limiter and the engine for prohibiting reverse rotation of the engine while allowing normal rotation of the engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transfer case for transferring a driving torque of a driving unit of a motor vehicle to a first axle and a second axle of a motor vehicle. The transfer case includes a housing, an input shaft allocated to the driving unit, a first driven shaft allocated to the first axle, and a second driven shaft, which is allocated to the second axle and is offset parallel to the input shaft. The transfer case further includes an offset drive for transmitting driving torque from the input shaft to the second driven shaft, wherein the offset drive comprises a gear wheel coaxial to the input shaft or to the driven shaft. The gear wheel is rotatably mounted on a section of the housing of the transfer case.

Abstract: An iron production furnace equipment (1) has a melting reactor (2) into which iron oxide-containing raw material (4) and slag formers (5) are added. A melter arrangement (22) melts the iron oxide-containing raw material and transforms the melted raw material into liquid slag (6) A smelting reduction reactor (3) is connected to the melting reactor by a slag transfer arrangement (10). The smelting reduction reactor comprises a heater arrangement (30) for heating the slag. Means (32) for supplying a reductant (7) for reducing the iron oxide in the slag into a liquid iron melt (8) and for producing a combustible gas mixture (11) comprising at least one of CO and H2. A gas connection (12) is connected between the smelting reduction reactor and the melter arrangement. The melter arrangement in turn comprises a combuster (28) combusting the gas mixture. The combustion heat is used for purpose of melting.

Abstract: A method of making dispersion-strengthened alloy particles involves melting an alloy having a corrosion and/or oxidation resistance-imparting alloying element, a dispersoid-forming element, and a matrix metal wherein the dispersoid-forming element exhibits a greater tendency to react with a reactive species acquired from an atomizing gas than does the alloying element. The melted alloy is atomized with the atomizing gas including the reactive species to form atomized particles so that the reactive species is (a) dissolved in solid solution to a depth below the surface of atomized particles and/or (b) reacted with the dispersoid-forming element to form dispersoids in the atomized particles to a depth below the surface of said atomized particles. The atomized alloy particles are solidified as solidified alloy particles or as a solidified deposit of alloy particles.

Abstract: A method of making dispersion-strengthened alloy particles involves melting an alloy having a corrosion and/or oxidation resistance-imparting alloying element, a dispersoid-forming element, and a matrix metal wherein the dispersoid-forming element exhibits a greater tendency to react with a reactive species acquired from an atomizing gas than does the alloying element. The melted alloy is atomized with the atomizing gas including the reactive species to form atomized particles so that the reactive species is (a) dissolved in solid solution to a depth below the surface of atomized particles and/or (b) reacted with the dispersoid-forming element to form dispersoids in the atomized particles to a depth below the surface of said atomized particles. The atomized alloy particles are solidified as solidified alloy particles or as a solidified deposit of alloy particles.

Abstract: The application discloses a rare-earth permanent magnetic powder, a bonded magnet, and a device using the bonded magnet. The rare-earth permanent magnetic powder comprises 4 to 12 at. % of Nd, 0.1 to 2 at. % of C, 10 to 25 at. % of N and 62.2 to 85.9 at. % of T, wherein T is Fe or FeCo and the main phase of the rare-earth permanent magnetic powder is a hard magnetic phase with a TbCu7 structure. Material volatilization can be avoided effectively during a preparation process of the rare earth permanent magnetic powder, thus improving the wettability with a water-cooling roller during the preparation process and final prepared materials are provided with good magnetic properties.

Abstract: A titanium base alloy powder is formed by subsurface reduction of a chloride vapor with a molten alkali metal or molten alkaline earth metal to form reaction products comprising pre-alloy particles and a salt of the alkali metal or the alkaline earth metal. A majority of the pre-alloy particles have a composition of at least 50% by weight of titanium, about 5.38% to 6.95% by weight of aluminum, and about 3% to 5% by weight of vanadium. The pre-alloy particles are recovered from the reaction products to produce a titanium base alloy powder containing less than about 200 ppm alkali or alkaline earth metal.

Abstract: A method of removing salt from a dendritic mixture includes loading the dendritic mixture into a mechanical press system. The dendritic mixture includes a metallic dendrite and salt dispersed within the metallic dendrite. The dendritic mixture is heated to liquefy the salt without volatilizing one or more metals of the metallic dendrite. The dendritic mixture is also compressed to obtain a fluidic mixture and an ingot of the metallic dendrite. The fluidic mixture may include molten salt and residual metallic dendrite. The fluidic mixture may be filtered to separate the residual metallic dendrite from the molten salt.

Abstract: Carbothermic reduction of magnesium oxide at approximately 2200 degrees Kelvin yields a high temperature mixture of magnesium vapors and carbon monoxide gas. Previous processes have sought to cool or alter the mixture to cause the yield of pure magnesium, which is then used in subsequent processes for its reducing properties. The present invention takes advantage of the stability and inertness of carbon monoxide at elevated temperatures enabling the magnesium vapor/carbon monoxide gas mixture from the carbothermic process to be used directly for the production of other metals at high temperatures. For example, Chromium oxide or chloride, manganese oxide or chloride, zinc oxide or chloride or sulfide, and several other metal compounds can be reduced by the magnesium vapor/carbon monoxide gas mixture at temperatures high enough to prevent the gas mixture from back-reacting to magnesium oxide and carbon.

Abstract: The present invention provides a socket. A tubular body has a first end has a through hole, an internal wall of the through hole, a receiving groove formed in the internal wall of the through hole and at least one bead aperture perforated through the tubular body and communicated with the receiving groove. A spiral spring is disposed in the receiving groove and has an axis and a plurality of elastic coils extending along the axis. At least one bead body is disposed in the bead aperture and abutted by the elastic coils of the spiral spring, and hence the bead body is partially protruded out of the bead aperture. Therefore, when assembled to or combined with a wrench, the socket can fixedly connect with the wrench; hence, the socket can achieve excellent rotation effect when the wrench rotates the socket.