Abstract: Desirable electrolyte compositions are described that are suitable for high voltage lithium ion batteries with a rated charge voltage at least about 4.45 volts. The electrolyte compositions can comprise ethylene carbonate and solvent composition selected from the group consisting of dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ?-butyrolactone, ?-valerolactone or a combination thereof. The electrolyte can further comprise a stabilization additive. The electrolytes can be effectively used with lithium rich positive electrode active materials.

Abstract: A magnesium battery (10) is constituted of a negative electrode (1), a positive electrode (2) and an electrolyte (3). The negative electrode (1) is formed of metallic magnesium and can also be formed of an alloy. The positive electrode (2) is composed of a positive electrode active material, for example, a metal oxide, graphite fluoride ((CF)n) or the like, etc. The electrolytic solution (3) is, for example, a magnesium ion-containing nonaqueous electrolytic solution prepared by dissolving magnesium(II) chloride (MgCl2) and dimethylaluminum chloride ((CH3)2AlCl) in tetrahydrofuran (THF). In the case of dissolving and depositing magnesium by using this electrolytic solution, the following reaction proceeds in the normal direction or reverse direction.

Abstract: A fuel-cell-system providing structure is provided which is capable of preventing a collision of a fuel cell with a related apparatus of the fuel cell while suppressing the increase in weight of a vehicle. A fuel cell system provided in a vehicle includes: a fuel cell unit in which a fuel cell is contained; and a related apparatus that is electrically connected to the fuel cell and that is located adjacent to the fuel cell unit. The related apparatus is arranged at a position closer to an outer surface of the vehicle than the fuel cell unit.

Abstract: There is provided a metal oxygen battery which is capable of obtaining superior batter capacity when starting use from charging. In the metal oxygen battery 1 including a positive electrode 2, which includes an oxygen-storing material and lithium oxide, and uses oxygen as an active substance, a negative electrode 3 capable of absorbing and discharging lithium ions, and an electrolyte layer 4 interposed between the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 3, in which the positive electrode 2, the negative electrode 3, and the electrolyte layer 4 are hermetically accommodated in a case 5, the oxygen-storing material has an oxygen amount stored at a start of charge time diluted.

Abstract: A valve-closing pressure chamber and a valve-opening pressure chamber are arranged on both sides of a main diaphragm inside an outlet shutoff valve. An upper supply/discharge tube and a lower supply/discharge tube are connected to a housing forming the outlet shutoff valve. The upper and lower supply/discharge tube supply and discharge air to and from the valve-closing pressure chamber and the valve-opening pressure chamber, respectively. An opening end, which is on the pressure chamber side, of each supply/discharge tube is obliquely cut relative to the direction of axis of the supply/discharge tube, which increases the opening area of the opening end. This prevents water present in the pressure chamber from adhering to the opening end of each supply/discharge tube and prevents the adhered water from freezing. As a result, operation performance of the outlet shutoff valve is enhanced.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes at least one fuel cell and a circulation system for anode exhaust gases of the fuel cell around an anode region. The fuel cell system also includes a drain line for feeding liquid and water from the region of the circulation system into a process air flow to a cathode region of the fuel cell. The drain line opens into a line element for the process air flow which runs from a lower position into an upper position arranged higher when used properly in the direction of gravity. The flow of the process air runs from the lower position to the upper position of the line element.

Abstract: Loss of flow battery electrode catalyst layers during self-discharge or charge reversal may be prevented by establishing and maintaining a negative electrolyte imbalance during at least parts of a flow battery's operation. Negative imbalance may be established and/or maintained actively, passively or both. Actively establishing a negative imbalance may involve detecting an imbalance that is less negative than a desired threshold, and processing one or both electrolytes until the imbalance reaches a desired negative level. Negative imbalance may be effectively established and maintained passively within a cell by constructing a cell with a negative electrode chamber that is larger than the cell's positive electrode chamber, thereby providing a larger quantity of negative electrolyte for reaction with positive electrolyte.

Abstract: A fuel cell system is provided that includes a fuel cell stack, an air pump, a first convertor, a motor, and an ECU for controlling the air pump and the first convertor based on the target voltage and the switching voltage of the single cell. The ECU executes the first mode such that the actual voltage of the single cell corresponds to the target voltage, when the target voltage is equal to or less than the switching voltage, while the ECU executes the second mode such that the actual voltage of the single cell is kept at the switching voltage, when the target voltage is more than the switching voltage. Further, the ECU executes the second mode thereby to change the actual current of the single cell.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a maximum average cell voltage set-point for fuel cells in a fuel cell stack that considers oxidation of the catalyst in the fuel cells. The method includes determining the average cell voltage, the stack current density (I) and an internal resistance (R) of membranes in the fuel cells to calculate an IR corrected average cell voltage. The IR corrected average cell voltage is then used to determine the oxidation state of the catalyst particles using, for example, an empirical model. The oxidation state of the particles is then used to calculate the maximum average cell voltage set-point of the fuel cells, which is used to set the minimum power requested from the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a fuel gas passage, and an oxidant gas passage. The fuel cell includes a solid polymer membrane, a fuel electrode, and an oxidant electrode. A coolant flows into the fuel cell via a coolant passage to adjust a temperature of the fuel cell. An oxidant gas outlet temperature detector is configured to detect an outlet temperature of an oxidant gas discharged from an outlet of the oxidant gas passage. A coolant temperature detector is configured to detect a temperature of the coolant passing through an inlet or an outlet of the coolant passage. A dry-up controller is configured to decide that the solid polymer membrane is in a dry-up state when a temperature difference between the temperature of the coolant and the outlet temperature of the oxidant gas exceeds a first threshold value.

Abstract: A method of and fuel cell system for limiting an amount of a fuel crossing over a membrane in a fuel cell, the method including determining an appropriate molecular ratio of the fuel and water for a fuel-water mixture 503; and controlling an amount of the fuel-water mixture that is available to an anode side of the membrane 507 in the fuel cell according to an amount of the fuel that will be electro-oxidized by the fuel cell. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell membrane 103 having an anode layer 107, a cathode layer 109, and an electrolyte layer 111 where the cathode layer is exposed to an oxygen source, and a fuel delivery system 105 including a fuel chamber 119 disposed around and proximate to the anode layer at a side opposite to the electrolyte layer, the fuel delivery system implementing the method above.

Abstract: Each separator of a fuel cell stacked alternately with the power generation bodies has a first surface facing the first electrode of the power generation body, a second surface facing the second electrode of another power generation body, a first reactant gas channel that supplies or discharges a first reactant gas to or from the first electrode and that extends in the separator and has an opening portion opened in the first surface, and a second reactant gas channel that supplies and discharges a second reactant gas to or from the second electrode facing the second surface and that extends in the separator and has an opening portion opened in the second surface. The opening portion of the first reactant gas channel and the opening portion of the second reactant gas channel are both disposed along a first portion of a peripheral border of a power generation region.

Abstract: A heat-resistant alloy capable of effectively suppressing diffusion of Cr, as well as an alloy member for a fuel cell, a fuel cell stack device, a fuel cell module and a fuel cell device are provided. A heat-resistant alloy includes a Cr-containing alloy, and a Cr-diffusion suppression layer located on at least a part of a surface of the Cr-containing alloy, the Cr-diffusion suppression layer being made by laminating a first layer that contains a Zn-containing oxide and a second layer that does not contain ZnO but contains an (La, Sr)MnO3-based perovskite oxide in that order, so that it is possible to effectively suppress diffusion of Cr. By using the heat-resistant alloy for an alloy member for a fuel cell, a fuel cell stack device, a fuel cell module and a fuel cell device each having improved reliability can be obtained.

Abstract: A fuel cell unit of a fuel cell contains a first membrane electrode assembly having a frame portion on an outer circumference thereof, a first separator, a second membrane electrode assembly having a frame portion on an outer circumference thereof, a second separator, and a third separator. A plurality of resin pins are formed integrally on the frame portion of the first membrane electrode assembly. The resin pins are integrally inserted into holes in the first separator, holes in the second membrane electrode assembly, holes in the second separator, and holes in the third separator.

Abstract: A measurement device for measuring voltages along a linear array of voltage sources, such as a fuel cell stack, includes at least one movable contact or non-contact voltage probe that measures a voltage of an array element.

Abstract: An electrolyte membrane having a structure wherein fine rubber particles having substantially no ion-conducting group and having an average particle size of 20 nm to 1 ?m are uniformly dispersed in a matrix including a resin component having ion-conducting group. The electrolyte membrane has high bonding ability to electrodes and does not cause cracks and ruptures because it is kept flexible even under low humid or absolutely dried condition, in addition, shows high ion conductivity even under low humid or absolutely dried condition because the matrix having ion-conducting groups are continuous.

Abstract: New proton conducting membranes are made of perfluorosulfonic acid polymers films that have been treated by exposing them to a chlorosulfonating agent. The membranes are used as a proton exchange membrane in PEM fuel cells operating at temperatures above 95° C., or at low relative humidity. In various embodiments, the treated films have superior physical properties such as tensile strength, when compared to an untreated film. In some embodiments, the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the treated films is increased.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a solid electrolyte layer containing Zr; an intermediate layer containing CeO2 solid solution having a rare-earth element excluding Ce; an air electrode layer containing Sr, the intermediate layer and the air electrode layer being stacked in this order on one surface of the solid electrolyte layer; and a fuel electrode layer on another surface of the solid electrolyte layer which is opposite to the one surface. A value obtained by dividing a content of the rare-earth element excluding Ce by a content of Zr is equal to or less than 0.05 at a site of the solid electrolyte layer, the site being 1 ?m away from an interface between the solid electrolyte layer and the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A fuel cell includes a unit cell, a cell fixing member and a welding portion. The unit cell includes a first electrode layer, an electrolyte layer surrounding the first electrode layer, a second electrode layer surrounding the electrolyte layer while exposing an end portion of the electrolyte layer, and a coating layer formed by coating a mixture of ceramic and metal on the exposed end portion of the electrolyte layer. The cell fixing member includes a flow tube inserted into the unit cell, a fixing tube provided to an outside of the flow tube, and a connecting portion connecting the fixing tube and the flow tube to each other and to restrict an insertion depth of the electrolyte layer and the first electrode layer. The welding portion fixes and seals the coating layer and the inner circumferential surface of the fixing tube to each other.

Abstract: In a fuel cell system including a fuel cartridge and a fuel supply module, the fuel cartridge includes at least two ports, wherein a first port from among the at least two ports is a fuel inlet port and a second port from among the at least two ports is a fuel outlet port. The fuel cartridge may also include a fuel pouch or the fuel cartridge itself may be the fuel pouch. The fuel supply module may include a fuel circulation structure that circulates the fuel before the fuel is supplied to the stack. The fuel cell system may be equipped with an electronic apparatus and serve as a source of power.

Abstract: A bipolar plate for a fuel cell comprises a substrate formed of stainless steel; an oriented amorphous carbon film formed at least on a surface of the substrate facing an electrode, and containing C as a main component, 3 to 20 at. % of N, and more than 0 at. % and not more than 20 at. % of H, and when the total amount of the C is taken as 100 at. %, the amount of C having an sp2 hybrid orbital (Csp2) being not less than 70 at. % and less than 100 at. %, and (002) planes of graphite being oriented along a thickness direction; a mixed layer generated in an interface between the substrate and the oriented amorphous carbon film and containing at least one kind of constituent atoms of each of the substrate and the oriented amorphous carbon film; and a plurality of projections protruding from the mixed layer into the oriented amorphous carbon film and having a mean length of 10 to 150 nm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a platinum/support catalyst or a platinum alloy/support catalyst, including: a) preparing a dispersion solution including urea, a support and a water-soluble salt of at least one metal(s) having catalytic activity; (b) reacting the dispersion solution at high temperature so as to deposit the metal hydroxide particles derived from the at least one metal(s) on the support; and (c) reducing the metal hydroxide particles. The size and distribution of the platinum particles or platinum alloy particles are greatly improved by the use of urea.

Abstract: Provided is a flexible carbon fiber nonwoven fabric which has resistance to bending, is flexible, and exhibits excellent processability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel method for preparing a BZCYYb material to be used in a solid oxide fuel cell. In particular, the method comprises mixing particular nano-sized and micro-sized ingredients and the size selection provides greatly improved performance characteristics of the resulting material. In particular, barium carbonate powder, zirconium oxide powder having particle diameters in the nanometer range, and cerium oxide powder having particle diameter in the micrometer range are used together with ytterbium oxide powder, and yttrium oxide powder.

Abstract: Provided are an EUV mask blank in which deterioration in reflectivity due to oxidation of a Ru protective layer is prevented, a reflective layer-equipped substrate to be used for producing the EUV mask blank, and a process for producing the reflective layer-equipped substrate. A reflective layer-equipped substrate for EUV lithography comprising a substrate, and a reflective layer for reflecting EUV light and a protective layer for protecting the reflective layer, formed in this order on the substrate, wherein the reflective layer is a Mo/Si multilayer reflective film, the protective layer is a Ru layer or a Ru compound layer, and an intermediate layer containing from 0.5 to 25 at % of nitrogen and from 75 to 99.5 at % of Si is formed between the reflective layer and the protective layer.

Abstract: A color filter comprising a cured layer of a photosensitive resist composition comprising a highly reactive polyacrylate monomer and an alkali soluble binder having a side chain containing an ethylenically unsaturated bond in the side chain and a process for the preparation thereof are provided. The color filter is especially useful for low temperature applications such as electrophoretic displays, polymer dispersed liquid crystal displays, OLED devices and the like.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrophotographic photoreceptor cartridge, and an image forming apparatus, which are excellent in electrical characteristics such as a responsivity and at the same time, excellent in the crack resistance, are provided. Two kinds of charge transport substances each having a specific structure and a polycarbonate resin having a specific structure are combined, whereby the electrical characteristics such as responsivity and the crack resistance can be improved at the same time.

Abstract: According to aspects of the present invention, an electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a surface layer comprising a cured resin obtained by polymerizing a compound having at least one polymerizable functional group. Aspects of the present invention provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member whose surface layer comprises a compound (urea derivative) having a certain structure, a method for producing the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member comprises a support, an undercoat layer formed on the support, and a photosensitive layer formed on the undercoat layer, wherein the undercoat layer has a structure represented by the formula (C1) or the formula (C2).

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an organic photosensitive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate, and an inorganic protective layer that is provided on the organic photosensitive layer, wherein the inorganic protective layer includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer in this order from the organic photosensitive layer side and satisfies the relationship of the following expression (1): ?3??1<?2??Expression (1): wherein ?1 represents a volume resistivity (?·cm) of the first layer, ?2 represents a volume resistivity (?·cm) of the second layer, and ?3 represents a volume resistivity (?·cm) of the third layer.

Abstract: A method for forming fixed images including the step of applying a toner for electrostatic image development containing at least a resin binder, a colorant, and a releasing agent to an apparatus for forming fixed images without a filter in a gas discharge part, wherein the resin binder contains a polyester, and wherein the releasing agent is a hydrocarbon-based wax, wherein the hydrocarbon-based wax has a melting point as determined by a differential scanning calorimeter of from 70° to 85° C., and contains components melting at a temperature equal to or lower than 65° C. having an amount of heat absorption as determined by a differential scanning calorimeter of less than 7.5 J/g, and a toner for electrostatic image development used in a method for forming fixed images. The method for forming fixed images of the present invention is suitably used in the development of a latent image formed in, for example, electrophotography, electrostatic recording method, electrostatic printing method or the like.

Abstract: A foil transferring method employing an electrophotography is disclosed, in which a toner used for forming a foil transferring layer contains at least a vinyl based resin and a polyester based resin as a binder resin and an amount of the vinyl based resin is 50 to 95% by weight based on the total amount of the binder resin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a positive type photosensitive resin composition and an organic light emitting device black bank comprising the same, and more particularly, an organic light emitting device black bank comprising the photosensitive resin composition according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further have a function of a black matrix without an additional process, such that it is possible to simplify a manufacturing process of the organic light emitting device and largely improve visibility.

Abstract: A salt represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a C1-C6 perfluoroalkyl group, X1 represents a C1-C17 divalent saturated hydrocarbon group which can have one or more fluorine atoms and in which one or more —CH2— can be replaced by —O— or —CO—, R3 represents a group having a cyclic ether structure, and Z1+ represents an organic cation.

Abstract: The actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition according to the present invention includes a resin (A) which contains at least one type of repeating unit which is represented by the general formula (PG1), at least one type of repeating unit which is selected from the repeating units which are represented by the general formula (PG2) and the general formula (PG3), and at least one type of repeating unit which includes a lactone structure, a compound (B) which is a compound which is represented by the general formula (B1) and where the molecular weight of an anion moiety is 200 or less, and a solvent (C).

Abstract: A resist composition according to the present invention includes at least a base resin, a photoacid generator and a solvent, wherein the photoacid generator comprises a fluorine-containing sulfonic acid salt of the following general formula (4). In the formula, X independently represents a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; n represents an integer of 1 to 6; R1 represents a hydrogen atom, or an alkyl, alkenyl, oxoalkyl, aryl or aralkyl group; any of hydrogen atoms on carbons in R1 may be substituted with a substituent; R2 represents RAO or RBRCN; and A represents a divalent group. This fluorine-containing sulfonic acid salt can serve as a photoacid generator having high solubility in a resist solvent and thus can suitably be used for a resist composition such that the resist composition shows high resolution, wide DOF, small LER and high sensitivity to form a good pattern shape in lithographic processes.

Abstract: Positive-working lithographic printing plate precursors have an inner layer that includes a polymeric binder having an acid number of at least 30 mg KOH/g of polymer to and including 150 mg KOH/g of polymer, at least 3 weight % of recurring units derived from one or more N-alkoxymethyl(alkyl)acrylamides or alkoxymethyl(alkyl)acrylates, at least 2 weight % of recurring units having pendant 1H-tetrazole groups, and at least 10 weight % of recurring units having pendant cyano groups. The use of such polymeric binders in the inner layer provides good bakeability and chemical solvent resistance. Such positive-working lithographic printing plate precursors also include an outer layer disposed over the inner layer, which outer layer comprises an infrared radiation absorbing compound.

Abstract: A positive photosensitive siloxane composition comprising at least three types of following polysiloxanes (A), (B) and (C) obtained by hydrolyzing and condensing a silane compound represented by general formula (1) R1nSi (OR2)4-n, a diazonaphthoquinone derivative, and a solvent: a polysiloxane (A) such that if pre-baked the film thereof will be soluble in a 5 weight % TMAH aqueous solution and the solution rate of said film will be 1,000 ?/sec or less; a polysiloxane (B) such that if pre-baked the solution rate of the film thereof will be 4,000 ?/sec or more relative to a 2.38 weight % TMAH aqueous solution; and a polysiloxane (C) such that if pre-baked the solution rate of the film thereof will be between 200 and 3,000 ?/sec relative to a 2.38 weight % TMAH aqueous solution.

Abstract: A composition for forming a resist underlayer film having heat resistance, which is used for a lithography process of semiconductor device production. A resist underlayer film forming composition including a polymer having a unit structure of Formula (1): Preferably, both rings A and B are benzene rings, n1, n2, and n3 are 0, R4 and R6 are hydrogen atoms, or R5 is naphthyl. A method for producing a semiconductor device including: forming an underlayer film by use of the resist underlayer film forming composition onto a semiconductor substrate; forming a hard mask on the underlayer film; forming a resist film on the hard mask; forming a resist pattern by irradiation with light or an electron beam and development; etching the hard mask using the resist pattern; etching the underlayer film by use of the patterned hard mask; and processing the semiconductor substrate by use of the patterned underlayer film.

Abstract: A method for producing a planographic printing plate is provided, which includes: subjecting a planographic printing plate precursor to image-wise exposure, wherein the precursor includes plural recording layers at least one of which contains (A) an infrared absorbing agent on a support, the upper recording layer contains (B) a water-insoluble and alkali-soluble polymer compound having a repeating unit containing a fluoroalkyl group or a siloxane structure; and developing the precursor using an alkali developer containing (C)an ammonium salt compound of Formulae (C-1) to (C-3), wherein R1 represents a methyl group or an ethyl group, R2 and R3 represent a hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, R4 represents a hydrocarbon group, A represents an atomic group which forms a nitrogen-containing aliphatic ring with N+, B represents an atomic group which forms a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring with N+, and X?represents a counter anion.

Abstract: Innovative techniques are disclosed for fabricating microelectronic devices using an alternating phase shift mask. Some embodiments of the invention encompass a double exposure technique that utilize high resolution line patterning such that two opaque lines intersect at an angle. After development, substantially circular images may be formed. In certain embodiments, high resolution disk imaging as small as 60 nm is possible.

Abstract: One or more techniques or systems for controlling a profile for photo resist (PR) are provided herein. In some embodiments, a first shield layer is formed on a first PR layer and a second PR layer is formed on the first shield layer. A first window is formed within the second PR layer during a first exposure with a mask. A second window is formed within the first shield layer based on the first window. A third window is formed within the first PR layer during a second exposure without a mask. Because, the third window is formed while the first shield layer and the second PR layer are on the first PR layer, a profile associated with the first PR layer is controlled. Contamination during ion bombardment is mitigated due to the controlled profile.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for forming a surface relief microstructure, especially an optically variable image on a paper substrate are provided, the method comprising the steps of: A) applying a curable composition to at least a portion of the frontside of the paper substrate; B) contacting at least a portion of the curable composition with surface relief microstructure, especially optically variable image forming means; C) curing the composition by using at least one UV lamp (1, 2, 3) which is arranged on the backside of the paper substrate; D) optionally depositing a layer of a transparent high refractive index material and/or a metallic layer on at least a portion of the cured composition, wherein the lamp (1, 2, 3) having emission peak(s) in the UV-A and near VIS range and the curable composition comprises at least a photoinitiator which absorbs in the UV-A region and preferably in the near VIS range.

Abstract: An immersion lithographic apparatus has a surface that in use is contacted by the immersion liquid and the surface has a surface roughness Ra that is less than or equal to 0.2 ?m. Immersion liquid on the surface may have a contact angle of 60° or greater. The surface may be able to maintain its properties so that immersion liquid on the surface may have the contact angle for a prolonged period of immersion in the immersion liquid.

Abstract: An integrated circuit is made by depositing a pinning layer on a substrate. A block copolymer photoresist is formed on the pinning layer. The block copolymer has two blocks A and B that do not self-assemble under at least some annealing conditions. The exposed block copolymer photoresist is processed to cleave at least some block copolymer bonds in the exposed selected regions. The exposed pinning layer is processed to create a chemical epitaxial pattern to direct the local self assembly of the block copolymer.

Abstract: A pattern is formed by coating a first resist composition comprising a resin comprising recurring units having an acid labile group so that it may turn insoluble in organic solvent upon elimination of the acid labile group, a photoacid generator, and a first organic solvent, onto a processable substrate, prebaking, exposing, PEB, and developing in an organic solvent developer to form a first negative pattern; heating the negative pattern to render it resistant to a second organic solvent used in a second resist composition; coating the second resist composition, prebaking, exposing, PEB, and developing in an organic solvent developer to form a second negative pattern. The first and second negative patterns are simultaneously formed.

Abstract: A resist pattern-forming method includes applying a resist underlayer film-forming composition to a substrate to form a resist underlayer film. The resist underlayer film-forming composition includes (A) a polysiloxane. A radiation-sensitive resin composition is applied to the resist underlayer film to form a resist film. The radiation-sensitive resin composition includes (a1) a polymer that changes in polarity and decreases in solubility in an organic solvent due to an acid. The resist film is exposed. The exposed resist film is developed using a developer that includes an organic solvent.

Abstract: One illustrative method disclosed herein involves identifying an overall target pattern comprised of at least one hole-type feature, decomposing the overall target pattern into at least a first sub-target pattern and a second sub-target pattern, wherein the first sub-target pattern and the second sub-target pattern each comprise at least one common hole-type feature, generating a first set of mask data information corresponding to the first sub-target pattern, and generating a second set of mask data information corresponding to the second sub-target pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for transporting an organ having a container for organs, a gas-driven pump connected to the container and conduits for circulating a liquid and/or gas through the container, and a controller for controlling the pump. There is a pressure sensor in the liquid output conduit of the pump that is connected to the controller and control the drive for the pump. The invention also relates to a method for transporting an organ in a container.

Abstract: A method of testing for a trisaccharide in milk includes the step of providing a predetermined amount of milk. The method also includes the step of isolating a trisachharide of the milk with a hydride insertion reaction to identify the molecule as phosphorylated. Also included in the method is the step of obtaining a mass spectrum of the isolated milk trisaccharide sample. The method further includes the step of identifying a molecular structure of the isolated milk trisaccharide sample.