Abstract: A sonotrode and anvil are adapted for ultrasonic welding of work pieces, to produce a narrower weld region that exhibits greater durability, permitting use of less material per package. The horn-to-anvil contact is through a plurality of energy directors arranged into a three-dimensional grid pattern to be capable of distributed vibration-transmissive contact. The energy directors include a series of plateau surfaces regularly spaced apart in a first direction, and in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction, to form the grid pattern. The energy directors of the horn are configured to interlock with the energy directors of the anvil. The rectangular-shaped plateaus are spaced apart by angled side-surfaces that form valleys. A stepped transition to a corresponding region of reduced height for the energy directors of the sonotrode and anvil may form a cosmetic seal region with a lesser integrity, in addition to the main barrier seal.

Abstract: Provided is a method of disassembling a photovoltaic module. The method includes: applying heat to the photovoltaic module in an oxidizing atmosphere; removing an insulating protective layer wrapping a photovoltaic cell of the photovoltaic module; and obtaining the photovoltaic cell of the photovoltaic module.

Abstract: A wheel for vehicles includes: a rim and a tyre mounted on the rim and inflated to an operating pressure; axial end portions of a tread band of the tyre radially spaced apart the same distance from a rotation axis of the wheel and a median circumferential line of the tread band axially shifted by a predetermined distance relative to a mid-line plane of the wheel; the wheel mounted on a car with a camber angle substantially zero and with the median circumferential line shifted toward the outside of the car relative to the mid-line plane.

Abstract: A pond for cooling and/or recovering salt from a hot aqueous solution of a salt such as potassium chloride produced by solution mining. The pond comprises a plurality of channels arranged side-by-side, each of the channels being defined by a plurality of sides. An inlet is provided in a side of a channel for receiving the aqueous solution, and an outlet is provided in a side of another one of the channels for discharging the aqueous solution. The pond has at least one dike separating the channels from one another. A gap is formed in each dike to permit the aqueous solution to flow between the channels, the gap having a length which is about 10 to about 40 percent of the length of the sides of the channels. Salt is crystallized and the solution is cooled as it passes through the channels of the pond.

Abstract: The present invention advantageously provides a motorized roller shade that includes a shade tube, a motor/controller unit and a power supply unit. The motor/controller unit is disposed within the shade tube, and includes a bearing, rotatably coupled to a support shaft, and a DC gear motor. The output shaft of the DC gear motor is coupled to the support shaft such that the output shaft and the support shaft do not rotate when the support shaft is attached to the mounting bracket.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus for closing off an opening above, below, or between electronic equipment in a rack. The rack includes a pair of equipment rails. The electronic equipment is mounted to the equipment rails. The apparatus includes a base, a roller shade, and a handle. The roller shade is rotatably connected to the base and includes a free end extending from the base when the roller shade is rotated. The handle is connected to the free end of the roller shade. The base is removably connected to the equipment rails at a first position. The handle is removably connected to the equipment rails at a second position spaced apart from the first position such that the free end of the roller shade is extended to close off the opening in the rack.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rapidly deployable window cover comprising a laminate panel comprising two or more layers of polycarbonate having layered therebetween one or more layers of a thermoplastic polyurethane, having a plurality of openings arranged around the periphery thereof and the plurality of openings extending through the panel; and a plurality of fasteners; wherein the plurality of openings are sized and shaped to receive the plurality of fasteners therethrough, and wherein the fasteners attach the panel to a structure in which the window is embedded such that the panel shields the window.

Abstract: A method for producing micro fibrillated cellulosic material from pulp in which a pulp feed material is pre-treated by passing through a high consistency refiner a single time, followed by dilution and multiple passes through low consistency refiners.

Abstract: The present invention relates to wood pulp for glass plate-interleaving paper in which an amount of silicone contained in the wood pulp is 0.5 ppm or less with respect to an absolute dry mass of the pulp, as well as relates to interleaving paper for glass plates of which a raw material is the wood pulp, in which an amount of silicone contained in paper is 0.5 ppm or less with respect to the absolute dry matter of paper. The interleaving paper for glass plates formed from the wood pulp of the present invention, as well as interleaving paper for glass plates of the present invention are able to remarkably control contamination of silicone to the surface of glass plates for use as substrate material for flat panel displays for which a high degree of cleanliness and high quality are required.

Abstract: To provide a method of producing water-disintegrable paper capable of addressing a disadvantage of adhesion of a base-paper sheet to an embossing apparatus when the base-paper sheet impregnated with a water-soluble binder is embossed, achieving simple manufacturing and low manufacturing cost, and minimizing the likelihood of paper powder remaining on a dry surface of a cleaned object after use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing self-binding pigment particle suspensions, to a self-binding pigment particle suspension as well as to a paper product comprising self-binding pigment particles and to the use of the self-binding pigment particle suspension as filler material.

Abstract: A sheet manufacturing apparatus includes comprises a screening unit configured to screen a defibrated material obtained by defibration treatment, and a sheet forming unit configured to form a sheet with the defibrated material screened with the screening unit. The screening unit has a first screening unit to which a plurality of first openings are provided and a second screening unit to which a plurality of second openings larger than the first openings are provided, and the defibrated material is screened by the first screening unit and the second screening unit. The defibrated material is screened at one of either the first screening unit or the second screening unit and thereafter screened at the other, and the sheet forming unit forms the sheet with the defibrated material that does not pass through the first openings and does pass through the second openings.

Abstract: A woven-fabric web, such as a forming fabric or forming wire, for a machine for producing and/or processing a fibrous web, has a first woven-fabric layer with first longitudinal threads and first transverse threads interwoven with the first longitudinal threads and a second woven-fabric layer with second longitudinal threads and second transverse threads interwoven with the second longitudinal threads. The weaving pattern of the fabric is repeated in pattern repeats. The first and second longitudinal threads are arranged in a plurality of groups in each pattern repeat, with a first group and a second group and at least one further of the first and/or second group. Each first group is formed from a first longitudinal thread and a second longitudinal thread arranged below the first longitudinal thread and the first and second longitudinal threads in each group are arranged at no offset or only a slight offset in plan view.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high-strength golf iron head with a thin striking faceplate includes placing a shell mold onto a rotary table. At least one metal ingot is placed into a crucible portion of the shell mold and melts in a vacuum environment. The rotary table rotates to cause the molten metal to flow into a cavity portion of the shell mold. The rotating shaft is slowly stopped, and the shell mold is removed after pouring. The shell mold is destroyed after the molten metal cools and solidifies, obtaining a casting. A cast product portion is separated from the casting to obtain at least one golf iron head subsequently treated with heat treatment to provide a striking faceplate of the golf iron head with a tensile strength of 280-340 ksi, an elongation of 4%-20%, and a minimum thickness of 1.4-1.8 mm excluding a groove depth of the striking faceplate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a high-strength blade-type golf iron head with a thin blade includes placing a shell mold onto a rotary table. At least one metal ingot is placed into a crucible portion of the shell mold and is heated to melt in a vacuum environment. The rotary table rotates to cause the molten metal to flow into a cavity portion of the shell mold. The rotating shaft is slowly stopped, and the shell mold is removed after pouring. The shell mold is destroyed after the molten metal cools and solidifies, obtaining a casting. A cast product portion is separated from the casting to obtain at least one blade-type golf iron head having the blade with a minimum thickness of 3.5-5.0 mm. The weight of the blade-type golf iron head is reduced by 0.9-2.5%, and the center of gravity of the blade-type golf iron head is lowered by 0.2-0.75 mm.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing light alloy castings by die casting with disposable cores, including a mold filling phase in which the parameters of pressure and speed of the molten alloy are controlled at levels tolerable by the cores until the cavities around the latter are filled by the molten alloy, and thereafter the pressure and speed parameters are controlled at levels suitable for completing and compacting the casting, the alloy being kept at a temperature close to its melting temperature throughout the whole path between the pump that pressurizes it and the entrance to the cavities around the cores. The invention relates also to a plant implementing said method by means of a pump connected to a mold through a duct that comes out within the casting envelope at a point close to the centroid of the cores.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments described herein related to methods and systems for casting metal alloys into articles such as BMG articles. In one embodiment, processes involved for storing, pre-treating, alloying, melting, injecting, molding, etc. can be combined as desired and conducted in different chambers. During these processes, each chamber can be independently, separately controlled to have desired chamber environment, e.g., under vacuum, in an inert gas environment, or open to the surrounding environment. Due to the flexible, independent control of each chamber, the casting cycle time can be reduced and the production throughput can be increased. Contaminations of the molten materials and thus the final products are reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: A heat storage material composition contains sodium acetate, water, and an organic compound comprising a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group. A weight ratio R (sodium acetate/water) of the sodium acetate to the water is 57/43 or less. A concentration Ws of the sodium acetate in three components of the sodium acetate, the water, and the organic compound comprising a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group is 52% by weight or more. A concentration Wa of the organic compound comprising a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group in the three components is 1% by weight or more.

Abstract: A method for heat exchange with a heat transfer medium including providing a ground loop circuit through which the heat transfer medium is circulatable. The circuit includes an end portion, positioned proximal to a heat exchanger, one or more pipe portions having embedded parts thereof positioned in pipe bodies. Each pipe body defines a conduit therein through which a fluid is flowable, and has an exterior surface engaged with ground material. The method also includes circulating the heat transfer medium through the ground loop circuit, to permit heat transfer between the heat transfer medium moving through the embedded part and the fluid in the conduit, and heat transfer between the heat transfer medium moving through the embedded part and the ground material engaged with the pipe body.

Abstract: The invention relates to an air conditioning system for heating and air conditioning a motor vehicle, comprising a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, the air conditioning system having a first flow channel and a second flow channel and flow being able to pass around both heat exchangers along the second flow channel and around only the first heat exchanger along the first flow channel, a flow guidance element in the form of a wall section, by which a fluid flow can be influenced in a region between the heat exchangers, being arranged on the second heat exchanger.

Abstract: A system may include a chassis having a pair of stationary rails mechanically coupled thereto. Each stationary rail may receive a corresponding telescoping sliding rail. Each stationary rail/sliding rail combination may be configured to convey a cooling fluid to or from a heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heating and cooling device for a battery may include an electrically conductive base plate for thermal coupling to the battery. The base plate may include at least one fluid path for flowing through by a coolant. The device may include a carrier plate of an electrically non-conductive material, into which at least one electric heating element may be inserted. The carrier plate may be connected electrically with the electrically conductive base plate. An electrically conductive cover plate may be connected electrically with the electric heating element. The base plate, the carrier plate and the cover plate may be stacked on one another along a stacking direction.

Abstract: A heating and cooling apparatus for a battery may include a base plate in which at least one fluid path for flowing-through of at least one of a coolant and a refrigerant is provided. At least one support part may be provided, in which in each case at least one electrical heating element is provided that is thermally coupled to the base plate. The heating and cooling apparatus may include a cover plate. The base plate, the at least one support part and the cover plate may be arranged adjacent to one another along a stack direction.

Abstract: A heat transfer device filled with a working fluid, includes a casing and a wick disposed within the casing. The wick includes a first sintered layer, a second sintered layer, and a third sintered layer. The first sintered layer is disposed proximate to an inner surface of the casing and the second sintered layer is disposed on the first sintered layer. The second sintered layer includes a first set of 3-dimensional sintered projections and a second set of 3-dimensional sintered projections disposed along a portion of the wick. Further, the third sintered layer is disposed on at least a portion of the second sintered layer. The heat transfer device includes at least one first sintered particle of the first sintered layer, which is smaller in size than at least one second pore of the second sintered layer.

Abstract: An indoor device for a cassette type air conditioner is provided. In the indoor device, a suction grill restricter to couple the suction grill to a panel to prevent outer edges of the suction grill from drooping may be provided to maintain a more stable coupling state, preventing dew condensation and noise from occurring.

Abstract: A tube (2) of a heat exchanger (1) is intended to allow an exchange of heat between a first fluid and a second fluid flowing in contact with the tube (2). The tube (2) comprises an upper plate (22) and a lower plate (21) positioned facing one another and defining an internal space (25) in the tube (2) in which the first fluid is able to circulate. Each of the plates (21, 22) comprises a bottom (23) and at least one edge (24). The plates (21, 22) are in contact with one another at the edge (24). The tube (2) comprises a deflection screen (30) secured to the edge (24), with the deflection screen (30) comprising a first wall (31) extending transversely to the bottoms (23) and arranged to deflect the second fluid toward the bottoms (23). The invention also relates to a bundle of such tubes and to a heat exchanger comprising such a bundle, and to a method for producing a heat exchanger tube plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an exchanger body comprising:—an element wound in a spiral and consisting of two sheets of heat-conducting material which define channels for a fluid between one another,—at least one distributor, and—at least one collector.

Abstract: A method of making a low-pressure thin-walled heat exchanger and a low-pressure thin-walled heat exchanger are described. According to the production method a thin metal cover layer and a thin cover layer consisting of metal or plastic are sealed with one another. The sealing is realized by a thin layer of a sealable polymer that is provided as coating on one side of at least one cover layer and/or by a separate intermediate layer of a sealable polymer. Both cover layers are sealed with one another by the interposed layer of the sealable polymer with the formation of a cavity suitable for the passage of a heat exchange medium which cavity can be formed as passage system. Such heat exchangers can be produced in an especially cheap way in this manner.

Abstract: A method of reducing heat in an electronic device includes providing a housing, providing a heat generating component and positioning a heat reduction sheet between the housing and the heat generating component. The heat reduction sheet includes a substrate, a first porous layer and a second porous layer. Each of the substrate and first and second porous layers has a first main surface and a second main surface. The first porous layer has an average cavity diameter of between approximately 0.01 ?m and approximately 10 ?m. The second porous layer has an average cavity diameter of between approximately 0.01 ?m and approximately 10 ?m. At least a portion of the first main surface of the substrate is in contact with at least part of the first main surface of the first porous layer. At least a portion of the second main surface of the substrate is in contact with at least part of the first main surface of the second porous layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention include methods of disposing a metallic coating layer comprising a metal in an amorphous and/or fine grain microstructure over at least a portion of a surface of a pyrolytic graphite substrate, the metal comprising Nickel, Iron, a Nickel-Iron Alloy, or any combination thereof, and the grains of the metal being of 1 nm to 10000 nm in size. Embodiments of the invention also encompass the coated pyrolytic graphite articles. The coated substrate exhibits a thermal conductivity not less than the uncoated substrate.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a heat dissipation apparatus and relates to the field of heat dissipation technologies, so as to solve a problem that heat dissipation efficiency of heat dissipation fins of an existing heat dissipation apparatus is low. In embodiments of the present invention, the heat dissipation apparatus includes a base plate, where multiple main fins are disposed on the base plate, and multiple auxiliary fins are disposed on the main fins; a gap exists between the auxiliary fins and the base plate; and a blocking structure is disposed and fastened on the base plate and/or the main fins, and the blocking structure can make cooling airflow first flow along the auxiliary fins and then flow along gaps between adjacent main fins and flow out. The present invention is mainly used in the field of communication accessories.

Abstract: A temperature control system may include a compartment having at least one side with low thermal conductivity and a side with a double wall, the double wall having an interior wall and an exterior wall, the interior wall and the exterior wall having high thermal conductivity and forming a channel therebetween and a reservoir connected to the channel. A drive may be contained within the reservoir, wherein the drive is responsive to a temperature within the compartment to transfer a liquid with high thermal conductivity from the reservoir into the channel to increase thermal conductivity between the interior of the compartment and the exterior of the compartment, and allows a gas with low thermal conductivity to be present within the channel when the channel does not contain the liquid to decrease thermal conductivity between the interior of the compartment and the exterior of the compartment.

Abstract: Generally, a system for hydraulic fracturing of a geologic formation. Specifically, a transportable heating apparatus and method for the production of heated water for use in hydraulic fracturing of a geologic formation.

Abstract: A ball dropper has a stack of trays that have solid portions for supporting a ball and open portions to allow a ball to pass through a tray. Fixed barriers limit the travel of the ball with the rotating tray to allow the ball to become unsupported so that it can be caught on the tray below. A stepper motor precisely makes the required incremental rotation to allow the addition of the next ball at the top. Once the trays are filled or the balls loaded are advanced such that the lead ball is on the last tray any further rotation will start to discharge the balls with each increment of rotation. The device is easy and cheap to fabricate and presents a reliable way to get jam free operation while having a housing that will tolerate the operating pressures in the wellbore.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure pertain to a downhole tool useable for isolating sections of a wellbore that includes a mandrel, the mandrel further having a body comprising an external surface, and an inner bore formed therein; a distal end; and a proximate end; wherein the mandrel is made of composite material, wherein a set of shear threads are disposed along a surface of the inner bore at the proximate end. Embodiments of the tool include a slip disposed about the mandrel, wherein the slip comprises a one-piece configuration.

Abstract: Degradable polylactic or polyhydroxyalkanoate polymers may be used to viscosify aqueous fluids for use in wells. Sand control screen or liner can be coated with a solid degradable polymer during placement in a well. Mechanical changes or flow changes in a well can be caused by solid degradable polymer that changes physical properties after it is placed in a well. Parts of devices or entire devices can be made of solid degradable polymer that converts to a fluid after selected times in an aqueous environment in a well.

Abstract: An anchor mechanism for use in a well including a housing with a plurality of openings evenly distributed along the circumference of the housing and each opening arranged to narrowly house a radially movably slip including first and second end portions, a gripping side facing a well wall, the gripping side being provided with a plurality of teeth, an underside facing the opposite direction, two side faces extending from the gripping side to the underside and to two end faces; the slip having, at its first and second end portions, with a first inclined face and a second inclined face substantially sloping from the end faces and towards the middle portion of the slip on the underside; the slip provided, on its end faces, with laterally projecting tongues having a longitudinal direction parallel to the inclined faces; the slip provided, on its two side faces, with guide portions exhibiting a longitudinal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the slip and the guide portion complementarily fitti

Abstract: A reaction apparatus for providing reactants from a surface to a wellbore to create a generated gas when the reactants undergo a reaction in situ to affect the density of a fluid in the wellbore, the reaction apparatus comprises a reaction housing, the reaction housing comprises a first reactant cell configured to contain a first reactant, a second reactant cell configured to contain a second reactant, a mixing chamber, configured to allow the first reactant and the second reactant to mix, a first passage configured to allow the first reactant to pass from the first reactant cell to the mixing chamber, a second passage configured to allow the second reactant to pass from the second reactant cell to the mixing chamber, an outlet configured to allow the generated gas from the reaction to escape the mixing chamber, a line comprising a plurality of electric cables, and a reel.

Abstract: A method of determining the in situ pressure of a light hydrocarbon in a shale source rock formation comprising: providing an inclusion comprising the light hydrocarbon trapped within the inclusion; using Raman spectroscopy to determine the density and composition of the light hydrocarbon trapped within the inclusion; and calculating a pressure of the light hydrocarbon in the shale source rock formation based upon the density and composition of the light hydrocarbon trapped within the inclusion.

Abstract: A wellbore instrument system includes a pipe string extending from earth's surface to a selected depth in a wellbore. The pipe string includes at least one of an electrical conductor and an optical fiber signal channel. A power sub including an electric power source is coupled proximate a lower end of the pipe string. At least one electrically powered wireline configurable wellbore instrument is coupled to the power source in the sub.

Abstract: A system for detecting when a plunger reaches a bottom of a well includes a pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure of the well and provide a measured pressure output. Derivative calculation circuitry calculates a derivative of the measured pressure output. Detection circuitry detects when the plunger reaches the bottom of the well based upon the calculated derivative.

Abstract: A probe of a downhole tool deployable into a wellbore penetrating a subterranean formation is provided. The downhole tool has at least one flowline extendable therein. The formation has a clean fluid therein. The probe includes a base carried by the downhole tool and positionable adjacent a wall of the wellbore, a penetrating inlet carried by the base and having a tip about a sampling end thereof to receive the clean fluid, and an inlet packer. The penetrating inlet is in fluid communication with the at least one flowline, and extendable through the wall of the wellbore a distance into the formation. The inlet packer is inflatably positionable about the penetrating inlet to form a seal with the formation and isolate the tip therein whereby the clean fluid may be drawn from the formation and into the downhole tool.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a fluid sample downhole that has at least a target fluid and an undesirable fluid may include receiving the fluid sample into a sample tank positioned that has a main chamber and isolating at least a portion of the undesirable fluid from the target fluid in the main chamber. A related apparatus may include a conveyance device configured to be conveyed along a borehole and a fluid sampling tool positioned along the conveyance device. The conveyance device may include a probe receiving the fluid sample from a formation; a pump drawing the fluid sample through the probe; and at least one sample tank receiving the fluid sample from the pump. The sample tank may include a main chamber receiving the fluid sample and an isolation volume isolating at least a portion of the undesirable fluid from the target fluid in the main chamber.

Abstract: A downhole system including a tubular having a wall with at least one port there through. At least one member arranged to cover the at least one port in a compressed condition thereof. Configured to at least partially displace cement pumped on an exterior of the tubular in a radially expanded condition of the at least one member. Also included is a method of non-ballistically opening ports in a tubular of a downhole system.

Abstract: A cement masking system including a tubular having a wall with at least one radial port. At least one swellable member arranged to cover the at least one port. The at least one swellable member configured to at least partially displace cement radially of the tubular during radial expansion of the at least one swellable member.

Abstract: A system is disclosed that includes a drilling rig having a substructure, the drilling rig being adapted to be positioned above a plurality of wellbore location such that each of the plurality of wellbore locations is simultaneously positioned below the substructure, equipment movement means for moving pressure control equipment between positions proximate each of the plurality of wellbore locations, the equipment movement means being adapted to move the pressure control equipment between the positions while the drilling rig is performing a rig operation on at least a first one of the plurality of wellbore locations, and equipment positioning means for positioning pressure control equipment on one or more of the plurality of wellbore locations, the equipment positioning means being adapted to position the pressure control equipment on a second one of the plurality of wellbore locations while the rig operation is being performed on the first wellbore location.

Abstract: A well cementing composition comprises water, an inorganic cement, a gas generating agent and a gas stabilizer. The gas generating agent may contain materials that release hydrogen gas, carbon dioxide gas or nitrogen gas or combinations thereof. The gas stabilizer comprises an aqueous mixture comprising polyglycols, oxyalkylates and methanol, or coco trimethyl ammonium chloride, or a mixture comprising ammonium fatty alcohol ether sulfate and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, or combinations thereof. When used to cement a subterranean well, the compositions improve the compressive strength, increase the rate at which compressive strength develops, preserve cement homogeneity, or enhance cement expansion or a combination thereof.

Abstract: An assembly with a shock inducing tool and shock sensitive components. The assembly includes a shock mitigator that is constructed in a manner that allows a communication line to stretch across an interface of the mitigator between a housing for the components and the shock inducing tool. So, for example, where the tool is a perforating gun, power and/or communication with the tool need not be sacrificed for in exchange for safeguarding electronic components of the housing with the mitigator.

Abstract: Systems and methods for secondary sealing of a perforation present within a wellbore casing associated with a primary sealing agent. The wellbore casing defines a casing conduit present within a wellbore that extends between a surface region and a subterranean formation. The systems and methods include a sealing apparatus that retains a charge of sealing material with a secondary sealing agent and is conveyed within the casing conduit to within a threshold distance of the perforation. The systems and methods further include selectively releasing the charge of sealing material from the sealing apparatus, such as by a release mechanism, to deliver the charge of sealing material to the perforation, to supplement the primary sealing agent (and/or a seal formed thereby), and/or to decrease a flow rate of a fluid from the casing conduit through the perforation.

Abstract: Proposed devices provide for a jetting process of formation critical areas after opening up a column, increasing a perforator's punch power and reliability, significantly preventing accidents. A hydro-mechanical piercing-type perforator includes a casing containing a hydraulic cylinder with a pusher, an operating tool radially movable and capable of interaction with the pusher. The tool is designed as a puncher, placed on a piston (plunger), mounted in a camera. The tool includes at least one through hydraulic channel and a jet. The camera is hydraulically connected with the cylinder. A proposed method for operating the perforator includes supplying a working fluid to the perforator through the column, creating pressure of the working fluid for an extension mechanism actuating the tool, extending the tool by applying the pressure through a piston rod system, to the piston with the puncher, and applying pressure to the piston through the hydraulic cylinder to the chamber.