Abstract: There is provided a transmission device comprising a rigid casing configured to be mounted perpendicularly on a pair of parallel rotatable driving and driven shafts. Annular driving and driven gears are provided in the casing. The annular driving gear is adapted for rotating simultaneously with the driving shaft, and is also adapted for forwarding rotational motion of the inner section to a transmission device. The annular driven gear is adapted for engaging and rotating simultaneously with the driving shaft and sliding over the same, and for forwarding to the inner section rotational motion received from the transmission device. The transmission device is rotatively connected to the annular driving and driven gears for transmitting rotational movement of the driving shaft to the driven shaft. There is also provided a portable boring-welding apparatus using this transmission device and a method for rotating a driven shaft using a parallel driving shaft.

Abstract: A gear transmission stage is described, consisting of two intermeshing gears hardened by heat treatment. In order to improve the noise behaviour, it is proposed that one of the two gears has a final form determined by hard fine machining and the other gear has a form which is determined by heat treatment and is close to finished contours.

Abstract: A ball screw is formed of a screw rod, two screw nuts, a link, a plurality of balls, and at least two parallelism sensors. The screw nuts are sleeved onto the screw rod and are connected with each other via a link to define a spiral path therebetween. The spiral path is linked with an internal circulatory passage of each screw nut for receiving a plurality of balls. The two parallelism sensors are oppositely mounted between the two screw nuts and surround the screw rod for sensing the preload between the two screw nuts to figure out whether the parallelism of the screw rod after the assembly is deviated or not. In this way, monitoring the voltage value outputted from the parallelism sensors can monitor the parallelism of the screw rod in real time after the assembly.

Abstract: A ball screw capable of sensing a torque in real time includes a screw rod, a screw nut sleeved onto the screw rod, a plurality of balls mounted between the screw rod and the screw nut, and a torque sensor haying a first fastening portion and a second fastening portion. The first fastening portion is fixed to a working bench and the second fastening portion is fixed to the screw nut, so the torque sensor can sense how much the torque is while the screw out is driving a working bench to move. In light of this structure, monitoring the voltage value outputted by the torque sensor can sense the torque generated while the working screw rod is working.

Abstract: An automatic transmission having an operator control which has at least one manually actuable switching rocker which is arranged on a steering wheel. A sensor senses the actuation of the switching rocker and is connected via a signal path to a transmission control device of the automatic transmission. The switching rocker and the transmission control device are additionally connected to one another via a second signal path which is independent of the signal path.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device comprises an operating unit, a mounting member, and a positioning structure. The operating unit includes a first portion. The mounting member includes a second portion configured to be connected with the first portion of the operating unit. The positioning structure is configured to adjustably position the first portion with respect to the second portion in a first direction and a second direction. The positioning structure comprises an abutment member and a fixing member. The abutment member is arranged opposite to the first portion with respect to the second portion. The fixing member is configured to fix the second portion with respect to the first portion by sandwiching the second portion between the first portion and the abutment member.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device comprises a mounting clamp and an adapter member. The mounting clamp is configured to be mounted to a bicycle tube member and comprises a first radius portion, a second radius portion, and a clamp opening. The first radius portion defines a first inner radius. The second radius portion defines a second inner radius different from the first inner radius. The bicycle tube member is to extend through the clamp opening. The clamp opening is defined by the first radius portion and the second radius portion. The adapter member is configured to be provided between the second radius portion and the bicycle tube member in a state where the mounting clamp is mounted to the bicycle tube member.

Abstract: An industrial robot of the present disclosure includes a manipulator, a control device for controlling the manipulator, and a connection cable that connects the manipulator to the control device. The manipulator includes a fixed base section, a first motor, a first detecting section, a power supply section, a first casing, and a first power supply cable. The first motor operates the manipulator. The first detecting section detects the state of the first motor. The power supply section supplies electric power to the first detecting section. The first casing stores the first motor and the first detecting section. The first power supply cable connects the first detecting section to the power supply section. The power supply section is disposed in the base section.

Abstract: A bicycle clamp structure comprises a first clamp member, a second clamp member, a connecting member, a first connecting structure, a second connecting structure, and a third connecting structure. The second clamp member is configured to clamp a bicycle tube member between the first clamp member and the second clamp member. The connecting member is configured to be arranged between the first clamp member and the second clamp member. The first connecting structure is configured to connect the first clamp member with the connecting member. The second connecting structure is configured to connect the second clamp member with the connecting member. The third connecting structure is configured to connect the first clamp member with the second clamp member.

Abstract: A bicycle clamp structure comprises a first clamp member and a second clamp member. The first clamp member includes a first clamp body having an inner curved surface defining a first inner radius. The second clamp member is configured to clamp a bicycle tube member between the first clamp member and the second clamp member. The second clamp member includes a second curved surface defining a second inner radius different from the first inner radius of the first clamp body.

Abstract: A collapsing steering column assembly for an automotive vehicle, comprising an inner column tube, a steering shaft, a tilt bracket, and a steering wheel adjustment subassembly. During a secondary impact, at least a portion of the steering wheel adjustment subassembly is adapted to detach relative to the tilt bracket by way of at least one breakaway structure and translate (e.g., at least partially longitudinally) during the impact, such as a secondary impact, for moving away from a vehicle operator.

Abstract: Fork lift truck 10, comprising a steering means 20, the steering means 20 comprising a steering column 30 which is adjustable by extending and retracting along an adjustment axis 21, a steering wheel 40 that is arranged on the steering column 30, a locking means 50 for locking the steering column 30 at a position along the adjustment axis of the steering column 30 and for releasing the steering column 30 for adjustment, a release button 60 that is connected to the locking means 50 and is adapted to control the locking means 50, wherein upon pushing of the release button 60, the release button 60 releases the locking means 50 thereby enabling the adjustment of the steering column 30, and wherein, simultaneously by one hand, said release button 60 can be actuated and the steering column 30 adjustment can be performed.

Abstract: A bicycle operating device comprises a mounting clamp and a restricting structure. The mounting clamp is configured to be mounted to a bicycle tube member. The mounting clamp comprises a first radius portion, a second radius portion, and a clamp opening The first radius portion defines a first inner radius. The second radius portion defines a second inner radius different from the first inner radius. The bicycle tube member is to extend through the clamp opening. The clamp opening is defined by the first radius portion and the second radius portion. The restricting structure is provided on the second radius portion and is configured to restrict relative movement between the second radius portion and an adapter member at least in a circumferential direction of the second radius portion.

Abstract: A pedal assembly having a hysteresis creating configuration in communication with a sensor of a pedal assembly. The assembly includes a housing and a pedal arm wherein the pedal arm is pivotally mounted by bushings to the housing. A connector and sensor assembly is provided connected through the pivot point (hub) where the pedal arm connects to the housing of the pedal assembly. A spring connects to a spring carrier wherein the spring is depressed upon depression of the pedal arm of the pedal assembly. As the spring applies a force to the spring carrier, the spring carrier slides down an inclined wall and applies a force to a friction shoe. The friction shoe is in contact with the generally circular hub of the pedal arm thus providing a hysteresis effect as the friction shoe contacts the hub of the pedal arm.

Abstract: A dual-drive hub device is mounted on a rear wheel of a bicycle and has a hub, a main shaft mounted through the hub, and two rear pedals connected to the main shaft. At least one one-way bearing is tightly fitted between the hub and the main shaft. A rear transmission wheel of a transmission system of the bicycle is mounted around the hub. When two front pedals of the bicycle are pedaled, the hub and the rear wheel rotate accordingly. When the rear pedals are pedaled, the main shaft, the hub and the rear wheel rotate accordingly. Thus, a rider and a passenger can pedal the front pedals and the rear pedals simultaneously and enjoy ease of bicycle pooling.

Abstract: Arrangement of reversing double-flow gearbox for motor vehicles and construction machines, with two branches of output flow, consisting of an input shaft (13) equipped with a tooth wheel, engaged with a tooth wheel of a first disc clutch (1) and with a tooth wheel of a second disc clutch (2), wherein an output shaft (11) of the first disc clutch (1) houses a first set (3) of tooth wheels and a third set (5) of tooth wheels that are engaged through a first synchronisation clutch (61) and a second synchronisation clutch (62) with a set of tooth wheels arranged on the output shaft (10) of the gearbox, while an output shaft (12) of the second disc clutch (2) houses a second set (4) of tooth wheels and a fourth set (7) of tooth wheels that are engaged through a third synchronisation clutch (63) and a fourth synchronisation clutch (64) with a set of tooth wheels arranged on the output shaft (10) of the gearbox, wherein the output shaft (11) of the first disc clutch (1) and the output shaft (12) of the second disc c

Abstract: An aircraft starter motor assembly for starting an aircraft engine is provided, and includes a DC motor, a planetary gearset, a ring gear clutch, and a starter adapter. The sun gear from the gearset is mounted to the motor output shaft. The ring gear clutch is used to rotationally fix the ring gear or to permit the ring gear to freewheel. The starter adapter including a worm, a spring, a worm gear, a wrap spring clutch and an output shaft. The worm drives the worm gear, which drives the output shaft via the wrap spring clutch. By using the ring gear clutch to let the ring gear freewheel, the wrap spring clutch can more easily unwind and disengage from the output shaft after the engine has been started.

Abstract: An aircraft starter motor assembly for starting an aircraft engine is provided, and includes a DC motor, a planetary gearset, a ring gear clutch, and a starter adapter. The sun gear from the gearset is mounted to the motor output shaft. The ring gear clutch is used to rotationally fix the ring gear or to permit the ring gear to freewheel. The starter adapter includes a worm, a spring, a worm gear, a wrap spring clutch and an output shaft. The worm drives the worm gear, which drives the output shaft via the wrap spring clutch. By using the ring gear clutch to let the ring gear freewheel, the wrap spring clutch can more easily unwind and disengage from the output shaft after the engine has been started.

Abstract: A method for recovering nickel and cobalt from a product liquor solution by processing the product liquor solution through a continuous ion exchange process including a plurality of ion exchange beds containing nickel selective ion exchange resin that pass through individual process zones as part of a nickel recovery circuit, wherein the method includes the following steps: (a) passing the product liquor solution through an ion exchange bed to load nickel onto the ion exchange resin and produce a cobalt-containing raffinate solution, (b) passing a sulfuric acid solution through the loaded ion exchange bed to strip nickel from the exchange resin and produce a nickel-containing eluate, (c) passing a rinse solution through the stripped ion exchange bed, (d) adjusting the pH of the cobalt-containing raffinate solution to a pH of at least 2.

Abstract: A ratchet having an internal motor for rotatably displacing a mechanical fastener. The motor has a torque capacity that provides a minimum torque level. The minimum torque level is below a maximum torque level that is used to secure, or loosen, the mechanical fastener at/from a tightened position. When the mechanical fastener is being moved toward the desired tightened position, the motor of the ratchet may allow for relatively rapid rotational displacement of the mechanical fastener until the torque capacity of the motor is reached. The remaining torque, or maximum torque level, then needed to secure the mechanical fastener in, or at, a tightened position may be provided by the user pushing or pulling on the handle of the ratchet, wherein a wheel in the head portion having a drive may thereby be rotated so that a mechanical fastener that is operably connected to the drive is also rotated.

Abstract: A locking, reversible blade, screwdriver is provided. The screwdriver incorporates a reversible blade; one end is a flat blade for latches or any application that requires a durable flat blade screwdriver, the opposing end is a drive bit holder which could be a magnetic bit holder, C clip bit holder, ball type bit holder etc., or any combination which will accept a variety of drive bit types. The blade can be inserted into the handle with the desired end exposed, where it is secured in place with a ball lock. One hand digital intervention releases the blade. A threaded removable end cap at the opposite end of the handle exposes a selector. This selector, when rotated allows access to one of several tubes holding drive bits for the bit holder end of the blade. The end cap has a wide comfortable flat base with a perimeter recess which acts as a finger grip and the flat base allows the screwdriver to sit on its end for one handed fastener loading on a drive bit.

Abstract: A suction conveyor device, comprising a suction arrangement having a suction side on which low pressure is generated, continuously rotating flexible conveying means made of flexible flat material having holes, an inner side enabling the conveying means to move along the suction side, and an outer side for receiving flat items in the active area of the suction side, where the conveying means moves in the transporting direction, the suction arrangement and the conveyor means designed with a transport path width in the active range perpendicular to the transporting direction. The conveying means includes continuously circulating individual, single-piece, flexible conveying means, both lateral edges thereof extending in the transporting direction at a distance from each other being at least the same as the total width of the transport path such that the individual, single-piece flexible conveyor means extend over the total width of the transport path.

Abstract: A cover kit for a portable electronic device includes a cover unit and a stamp unit. The cover unit has a transparent panel, a plurality of side boundary walls peripherally extended from the transparent panel to define a receiving cavity between the transparent panel and the side boundary walls, wherein the receiving cavity is shaped and sized to fitly and detachably receive the portable electronic device. The stamp unit is adapted for cutting a predetermined printed material to form an aesthetic pattern sheet, wherein the aesthetic pattern sheet has a predetermined aesthetic pattern formed thereon, and is adapted for accommodating on the receiving cavity in such a manner that the aesthetic pattern is capable of being observed from the transparent panel.

Abstract: An apparatus for operating a power saw includes a body for supporting the power saw. The body includes a primary coupling mechanism for coupling the power saw to the body and constraining movement of a blade of the power saw to be in a plane. The apparatus further includes a clamping mechanism connected to the body. The clamping mechanism is for clamping a top rail of the fence to secure the body relative to the fence, so that the power saw can be rotated to sweep its blade within the plane to efficiently trim the tops of fence posts.

Abstract: An apparatus for operating a power saw includes a body for supporting the power saw. The body includes a primary coupling mechanism for coupling the power saw to the body and constraining movement of a blade of the power saw to be in a plane. The apparatus further includes a clamping mechanism connected to the body. The clamping mechanism is for clamping a top rail of the fence to secure the body relative to the fence, so that the power saw can be rotated to sweep its blade within the plane to efficiently trim the tops of fence posts.

Abstract: A power tool system includes at least one power tool which has at least one workpiece support unit that is configured to support a workpiece during machining, and also includes at least one machining tool device which extends through a workpiece support surface of the workpiece support unit in at least one operating state. The machining tool device includes at least one cutting strand that is configured to be driven in circulation. A ratio of a maximum height of the workpiece support unit to a maximum cutting depth of the machining tool device is less than 4.1.

Abstract: A saw guide can include pivotally connected arcuate sections having a plurality of slots formed therein to receive and guide saw blades as they cut a workpiece, such as a pipe or tube. The slots are of varying width so that the saw guide can be used with different saws. For example, the saw guide can include a first slot sized to receive and guide the blade of a reciprocating saw, and a relatively narrower second slot, sized to receive the blade of a portable band saw. The saw guide can include a locking mechanism to securely hold the saw guide on the workpiece, and a stopping mechanism for preventing the saw blade from cutting into the saw guide.

Abstract: In one aspect, a tool support for a pipe machining apparatus includes a support arm defining a groove therein and configured to support a tool, and a guide member at least partially positioned in the groove to allow movement of the support arm in a first direction and inhibit movement of the support arm in a second direction. In one aspect, a tool support includes a one-piece unitarily formed body member defining a cavity there through, and a tool support arm at least partially positioned in the cavity and configured to translate within the cavity. In one aspect, a tool support includes a first translating member configured to translate a tool toward and away from a pipe, and a second translating member configured to translate the tool toward and away from the pipe. The second translating member is coupled to and moveable relative to the first translating member.

Abstract: A saw blade for an oscillating saw can include a plate having cutting teeth arranged in an arcuate tooth pattern at a cutting path. Cutting teeth on opposite sides of the centerline of the plate may be arranged to face oppositely. Each cutting tooth can have primary and secondary relief surfaces at different angles to the cutting path. Cutting teeth may be offset outwardly from the plate, with tips of some of the cutting teeth having outward-facing kerf surfaces parallel to the plate. The plate may be of bimetal construction, so that the cutting teeth and bulk of the plate are made of different materials. The cutting teeth may be formed by a coining process.

Abstract: The invention addresses the problem of providing an edged tool such as a surgical clade or a razor blade that is durable and sharp, and a manufacturing method therefor. The problem is solved by an edged tool manufacturing method provided with a process of treating a metal base material, which has a machined surface obtained by machining, using a plasma generated in an atmosphere filled with a mixed gas having a main gas and a reaction gas as the main components.

Abstract: An embodiment of a suture for use in a surgical procedure applied to tissue comprises an elongated body having a first end and a second end, and a plurality of retainers arranged along a portion of the elongated body. The retainers substantially yield to motion of the elongated body within the tissue when the elongated body is drawn at the first end and resist motion of the elongated within the tissue when the elongated body is drawn at the second end. The retainers include an upper surface and a lower surface, the upper surface extending from a periphery of the elongated body and the lower surface having at least two facets.

Abstract: A piano selectively playable in normal and soft modes has multiple piano keys and actions, including a wippen assembly, and multiple piano hammers. A soft pedal system includes a soft pedal and a hammer rest rail mounted for movement between normal and soft mode positions. A piano key lift rail is mounted for movement between a normal mode position spaced from lifting contact with the keys and a soft mode position in contact with and lifting the keys and the wippen assemblies. A soft pedal linkage assembly between the soft pedal and the hammer rest rail and piano key lift rail, upon actuation of the soft pedal, causes movement of hammer rest rail and piano hammers, and movement of the piano keys and the wippen assemblies, between normal and soft mode positions, in gap-closing motion.

Abstract: The original contoured thumb and finger pick for players of stringed instruments introduced an incredible innovation for guitar players and others. Improvements based on this unique concept have transformed a useful tool into an extremely comfortable and natural strumming aid. The pick saddle totally follows the thumb and finger contours for greater comfort and the band is secured to the pick with a low profile post. A new method of constructing a large inventory of 3d CAD models with the manufacture of individual custom fit models by 3d printing now makes the improved contoured pick available to all sizes and shapes of fingers and thumbs, and allows each player to select a pick which will best fit his own shape, size, and playing style.

Abstract: A sounding device of the present invention includes a grip, an actuator adjacent the grip, and a resonator adjacent the actuator. The grip is configured to be worn on one hand of a user. The actuator is configured to strike the resonator, and the resonator is configured to make a sound when struck by the actuator. A method of utilizing the sounding device includes securing the sounding device on a hand of a user by inserting a first finger of the user's hand near the thumb through the grip, and inserting a second finger of the user's hand adjacent the first finger on at least a portion of the grip. The method further includes placing the thumb on the actuator and activating the sounding device by causing the actuator to make contact with the resonator, wherein the resonator is configured to make a sound when contacted by the actuator.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus providing a removable playing surface to a percussion instrument. The apparatus includes a mount assembly for fixing the apparatus to the percussion instrument and a paddle providing a playing surface. The paddle can movable between a playing position over the head of the percussion instrument and in a non-playing position away from the head of the percussion instrument.

Abstract: An improved drum pedal utilizes an advanced dampening system in combination with a base, pedal, beater assembly, and support structure. The pedal is mounted to the base while the support structure forms a first pillar and second pillar that allow rotation of an axle positioned between them. A cam on the axle is connected to the pedal by a first chain, allowing the beater assembly to be actuated by the pedal. The dampening system provides an opposed first dampening mechanism and second dampening mechanism, which are tethered to each other by a second chain. The second chain is engaged with a sprocket that is connected to the axle, such that rotation of the axle results in corresponding movement of the dampening mechanisms. Compression springs, combined with cylinders and flanges, respond to movement of the axle with dynamic tension. This is an improvement over the spring implementation of current drum pedals.

Abstract: A clutch for use in a hi-hat percussion assembly is disclosed. The clutch can included a threaded bolt that includes slots, and a nut that includes an indexing means such as a plunger. An elastic holding means can be used to exert pressure on the indexing means, such as when the indexing means is rigid, for example. The plunger can be configured to engage a slot upon rotation of the nut to lock the nut into place. While in a locked position, unwanted displacement of the nut, including rotational displacement that may be caused by forceful and rapid movements of a drummer, can be reduced, prevented, and/or eliminated. Using a force greater than that required to simply turn the nut while in an unlocked position, the nut can be rotated to disengage the plunger from the slot and return the nut to an unlocked position.

Abstract: A resonance and articulation training device that includes a body with an open end and a closed end. A vertical tube is attached to the body near the closed end, and a pellet is located within the vertical tube. One or more holes along the body may be used to adjust the amount of airflow needed to lift the pellet. A mouthpiece or head joint from a musical instrument may be attached to the open end. Generating a tone with the mouthpiece or head joint creates an airflow in the body. If the airflow is sufficient, it may lift the pellet.

Abstract: A music reproduction apparatus includes a reproduction section for reproducing user-selected music piece data, a generation section for generating control information including music piece information identifying a music piece reproduced by the reproduction section and reproduced position information indicative of a currently-reproduced position, a modulation section for outputting, on the basis of the generated control information, an audio signal of a predetermined frequency band for carrying the control information, and an output section for transmitting to outside the audio signal generated by the modulation section.

Abstract: Individual chords and bar lines are extracted from an acquired chord chart described in text. Further, musical time information indicative of a musical time of music data to be generated is acquired, chord progression information is generated by allocating in-bar relative time positions to the extracted individual chords in accordance with the musical time indicated by the acquired musical time information and the extracted bar lines. A chord chart display can be provided based on the generated chord progression information. Further, accompaniment pattern data is acquired, and automatic accompaniment data can be generated by controlling the acquired accompaniment pattern data in accordance with the generated chord progression information.

Abstract: A shaped charge for use in perforating a wellbore that includes a shaped charge case, a liner in the case, and explosive between the liner and case. Detonating the explosive inverts the liner to form a metal jet that forms a perforation in a side wall of the wellbore. The outer diameter of the liner open end is set radially inward from the inner diameter of the case opening to define an annular gap. Providing a gap between the liner and case allows more control of distribution of material of the liner into the jet.

Abstract: This disclosure includes hydraulic apparatuses and methods for redundant actuation of a hydraulic device. Some apparatuses include a hydraulic device having a first hydraulic actuator and a second hydraulic actuator, wherein each of the first and second hydraulic actuators comprises at least a first hydraulic cavity, a second hydraulic cavity, and a piston. Some apparatuses also include a controller coupled to the hydraulic device. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to receive hydraulic fluid from a fluid source via at least two parallel hydraulic lines coupled to the controller, select a first hydraulic line of the at least two parallel hydraulic lines, and transfer the hydraulic fluid from the selected first hydraulic line to a first cavity of the first hydraulic actuator to apply pressure to a first piston to actuate the hydraulic device.

Abstract: An AC motor hydraulic system which utilizes a plurality of centrally controlled AC servo motor driven hydraulic pumps with integrated reservoirs to effectuate rotation of a plurality of stabilizer fins mounted about a vessel to automatically counter unwanted movement of a vessel.

Abstract: An assembly includes an actuator assembly having a housing, a piston positioned at least partially within the housing and movable relative to the housing for an overall actuation stroke, a first spring operatively engaged between the piston and the housing to provide actuation biasing force therebetween, a second spring operatively engaged with the piston, and a spring guide. The spring guide is operatively engaged with the first spring and operatively engaged with the piston via a sliding connection. The spring guide is further configured to limit a stroke of the first spring such that the first spring contributes actuation biasing force between the piston and the housing for only a fractional portion of the overall actuation stroke of the piston.

Abstract: A cylinder assembly is provided. The cylinder assembly includes a cylinder body, a rod member, and a cylinder position sensor assembly. The cylinder body may have a bearing sleeve to support the rod member. The cylinder position sensor assembly may include a cylinder position sensor for sensing the position of the rod member. The cylinder position sensor assembly may be mounted inside a hole in the bearing sleeve.

Abstract: A piston for cold chamber die-casting machines includes a piston body terminating at the front with a frontal surface pushing molten metal and at least one ring seat made around the body suitable to house a respective sealing ring. An annular distribution channel is made in an intermediate annular portion of the bottom surface of the ring seat, which communicates with the frontal surface of the piston through at least two communication holes made in the piston body for flow of molten metal into the distribution channel, under the ring. The communication holes are inclined in relation to the piston axis and have a through section which increases towards the distribution channel.

Abstract: A position sensor assembly for the hydraulic cylinder having a piston and piston rod is provided. The position sensor assembly includes a pressure to electric energy convertor, a transmitter and a receiver. The pressure to electric energy convertor is disposed inside the piston. The pressure to electric energy convertor is configured to determine pressures on both the sides of the piston and convert the determined pressure difference into electric current. The electric current is consumed by the transmitter and hence, the transmitter generates a signal. The signal is wirelessly transmitted to the receiver through the hydraulic cylinder. The receiver disposed on the hydraulic cylinder receives the signal through various components of the hydraulic cylinder. The signal is used to determine the position of the piston.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bubble removing method in which fine bubbles are removed from a filter to improve the performance of the filter. The bubble removing method includes a step of degassing a processing liquid supplied from a supply source to prepare a highly degassed liquid (highly degassed liquid preparation), a step of supplying the prepared highly degassed liquid at a first processing liquid from a pump device to a filter device (temporary liquid permeation), a step of supplying the highly degassed liquid at a second processing liquid flow rate higher than the first processing liquid flow rate from the pump device to the filter device (initial liquid permeation), and a step of causing the highly degassed liquid to flow from the pump device to the filter device for a predetermined length of time (liquid permeation).

Abstract: A composite membrane for separations includes a fabric with a non-woven array of intermingled carbon nanotubes, and a dopant incorporated with the fabric to form a non-porous, permeable composite. The composite membrane may be used to separate a target gas from a liquid by mounting the composite membrane in a housing chamber, and conditioning a permeate side of the chamber to establish a driving force for the target gas across the non-porous, permeable composite membrane.

Abstract: An air filter assembly includes a felt of hollow commodity polymer fibers having nonporous walls.