Abstract: Methods for ultrasonically imaging a heterogeneous 3D-cell population without physically probing are provided. The method can comprises: pulsing ultrasound waves having a wave frequency of about 10 MHz to about 2 GHz through a lens rod, wherein the lens rod focuses the ultrasound waves onto the cell population via a concave lens-head (e.g., comprising sapphire), and wherein the cell population is positioned on the reflective surface such that the ultrasound waves are reflected back to the lens-head; receiving the reflected waves through the lens head and the lens rod at a signal receiver; scanning the lens-head across multiple points in the x,y plane; and at each point in the x,y plane, moving the lens-head in a z-direction such that a signal is received at multiple intervals in the z-direction for each point in the x,y plane.

Abstract: A method and device for object detection are disclosed. In one aspect, a method comprises transmitting a plurality of signals into a region; measuring a noise level during a noise measurement time interval corresponding to each respective one of the plurality of transmitted signals; generating a threshold signal dependent on the noise level; and comparing a first plurality of signals received by a sensor, each of the received signals corresponding to a respective one of the plurality of the transmitted signals, with the respective threshold signal. In another aspect, a device comprising components adapted to carry out the steps of object detection is disclosed. In one example, a thresholding circuit is adapted to generate a threshold signal have a level corresponding to substantially a peak-to-peak level of the measured noise level.

Abstract: A method for developing a map of objects in a region surrounding a location is disclosed. The method includes interrogating the region along a detection axis with a series of optical pulses and detecting reflections of the optical pulses that originate at objects located along the detection axis. A multi-dimensional map of the region is developed by scanning the detection axis about the location in at least one dimension. The reflections are detected via a single-photon detector that is armed using a sub-gating scheme such that the single-photon detector selectively detects photons of reflections that originate only within each of a plurality of zones that collectively define the detection field. In some embodiments, the optical pulses have a wavelength within the range of 1350 nm to 1390 nm, which is a spectral range having a relatively high eye-safety threshold and a relatively low solar background.

Abstract: A three-dimensional mapping system comprising a moderate number (typically 2 to 4) of moderate-beam-count (typically 8-beam to 16-beam) lidar sensors is proposed to achieve low cost systems with wide fields of view. Secondary advantages include compact sensors and a small minimum range (possible by optimal placement of each of a plurality of sensors).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and an apparatus of satellite positioning, the apparatus comprising a receiver module, a phase-difference measurement module, an angle-of-arrival calculation module, and a positioning module. The receiver module receives at a locale a first and a second signal from a satellite. The phase-difference measurement module measures the frequency of a phase difference of the signals along a geographic direction. The angle-of-arrival calculation module calculates the cosine of an angle of arrival of the signals for the geographic direction based on the frequency of the phase difference, the frequency difference of the signals, and a travelling speed of the satellite along that geographic direction. The positioning module calculates the coordinate of the locale along the geographic direction in the three-dimensional space based on that of the satellite, a distance between the satellite and the locale, and the cosine of the angle of arrival.

Abstract: A system for global positioning system (GPS) location, impact, and temperature recorder for a transporting container is an apparatus which monitors the location and the conditions of the transporting container. The apparatus consists of a first housing and a second housing, mounted externally and internally to the transporting container, respectively. The first housing contains: a GPS module to monitor the location of the transporting container; a mobile communication module, to broadcast the readings the apparatus to an end user; a first chipset linking the electrical components together; and a plurality of external sensors monitor motion of the transporting container, as well as if the container has been tampered with. The second housing is linked to the first housing via a second chipset to the first chipset. A plurality of internal-environmental sensors located on the second housing monitors and transmits the internal conditions of the transporting container to the first chipset.

Abstract: A survey meter according to the present invention is a portable radiation measurement device. The survey meter comprises a tip portion, an intermediate portion, and a grip portion. A display unit is provided on the top surface of the intermediate portion. The tip portion extends to the intermediate portion with a bent portion therebetween. The tip portion forms an inclined portion. The grip portion has a constricted portion. A radiation detection unit is provided inside the tip portion and is formed by a plurality of sensors arranged in the right-left direction.

Abstract: A radiation detector includes a plurality of pixels configured to detect radiation, and at least one of the plurality of pixels includes a radiation absorbing layer configured to convert photons incident on the radiation absorbing layer into a first electrical signal, and a photon processor including a plurality of storages configured to count and store the number of the photons based on the first electrical signal. At least one of the plurality of storages is configured to compare the first electrical signal with a first reference value to obtain a second electrical signal, and count and store the number of the photons based on a third electrical signal that is obtained based on a comparison of the second electrical signal with a second reference value.

Abstract: Described is a radiation dosimeter including multiple sensor devices (including one or more passive integrating electronic radiation sensor, a MEMS accelerometers, a wireless transmitters and, optionally, a GPS, a thermistor, or other chemical, biological or EMF sensors) and a computer program for the simultaneous detection and wireless transmission of ionizing radiation, motion and global position for use in occupational and environmental dosimetry. The described dosimeter utilizes new processes and algorithms to create a self-contained, passive, integrating dosimeter.

Abstract: A point response function (PRF) is estimated in SPECT. A 3D PRF is based on measured emissions from a point source at different distances from the detector. Rather than sampling every location in space, the 2D PRFs at a sub-set of distances are sampled. The 3D PRF is then modeled with a representative 2D PRF and a scale as a function of distance. For a given distance from the detector, the 2D PRF to be applied is formed by scaling the representative 2D PRF using the scale for that distance.

Abstract: A radiographic image capturing device includes: an imaging pixel including a first sensor; a radiation dose detection pixel which including a second sensor; an accumulation control unit that controls such that at least a portion of a duration in which charges generated by the first sensor are being accumulated in the first accumulation section, and at least a portion of a duration in which charges generated by the second sensor are being accumulated in the second accumulation section, overlap with each other; and a correction data acquisition unit that acquires a pixel value of the imaging pixel with a signal level according to an amount of charges accumulated in the first accumulation section as first correction data and that acquires a pixel value of the radiation dose detection pixel with a signal level according to an amount of charges accumulated in the second accumulation section as second correction data.

Abstract: A positron emission tomography (PET) system (10) and method (100) classifies gamma events. At least one processor (62, 66, 70) is programmed to receive event data for a plurality of scintillation events corresponding to gamma events. The gamma events are generated by gamma photons from a region of interest (ROI) (14). The gamma events of the event data are classified into a plurality of classifications. The classifications distinguish between single-crystal gamma events and multi-crystal gamma events.

Abstract: Processing data representing a wavefield propagating through a medium by defining, based on one or more properties of a region of the medium and of the wavefield therein, a desired timestep and a desired spatial step for a discrete operator. Discrete seed operators having an initial timestep and an initial spatial step less than the desired timestep and the desired spatial step are then defined, and these seed operators are compounded to obtain an operator having a greater timestep and upscaled to obtain an operator having a greater spatial step. The compounding and upscaling are repeated until an operator having the desired timestep and the desired spatial step is obtained. The operator having the desired timestep and the desired spatial step may be applied to the data representing the wavefield propagating through a medium to propagate the data backwards in time to recreate the wavefield at earlier times.

Abstract: Measurement data is received from first and second seismic sensors, where the first and second seismic sensors are oriented in opposite directions. Each of the first and second seismic sensors has a sensing element responsive to pressure and particle motion. The signals can be combined to remove the particle motion component of the measurement data and obtain pressure-only data. Alternatively, the signals can be combined to deghost the received measurement data.

Abstract: A system and method allows determining the movement of subsurface fluids, gases or solids in the subsurface structure of interest. This allows quantitatively determining the results of surface and subsurface equipment and materials changes. These simple observations may result in significant improvements in field efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a gantry configuration for a combined mobile radiation inspection system comprising a first arm frame, a second arm frame and a third arm frame. The first, second and third arm frames define a scanning channel to allow an inspected object to pass therethrough. The gantry configuration for the combined mobile radiation inspection system further comprises a position sensing device configured to detect a position error between the first arm frame and the second arm frame; and a controller configured to control a moving speed of at least one of the first arm frame and the second arm frame based on the detected position error, so that the position error between the first arm frame and the second arm frame is equal to zero.

Abstract: A method of operating a radiographic inspection system is disclosed for a system in which a conveyor chain with identical modular chain segments transports articles under inspection. Two operating modes of the radiographic inspection system includes a calibration mode in which calibration data characterizing the radiographic inspection system with an empty conveyor chain are generated; and an inspection mode in which raw image data of articles under inspection with the background of the conveyor chain are acquired and arithmetically processed with calibration data into a clearer output image, without the interfering background of the conveyor chain.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a submarine topography six-dimensional grid mapping method, and particularly to a method based on known discrete bathymetric data points. According to the present invention, a submarine topography six-dimensional grid mapping method including X-coordinate, Y-coordinate, water depth, slope, second derivative and measuring time is established, a submarine topography three-dimensional grid on the basis of discrete water depth data and measuring time is formed, and then submarine slope and second derivative of each grid point are calculated and the measuring time is superposed simultaneously, thus forming a submarine topography six-dimensional grid technical method. The present invention comprises a plurality of steps: establishing a submarine topography six-dimensional grid structure and a topography dimension grid, establishing a time dimension grid, establishing a slope dimension grid, and establishing a second derivative dimension grid.

Abstract: An accelerometer or a seismometer using an in-plane suspension geometry having a suspension plate and at least one fixed capacitive plate. The suspension plate is formed from a single piece and includes an external frame, a pair of flexural elements, and an integrated proof mass between the flexures. The flexural elements allow the proof mass to move in the sensitive direction in the plane of suspension while restricting movement in all off-axis directions. Off-axis motion of the proof mass is minimized by the use of intermediate frames disbursed within and between the flexural elements. Intermediate frames can include motion stops to prevent further relative motion during overload conditions. The device can also include a dampening structure, such as a spring or gas structure that includes a trapezoidal piston and corresponding cylinder, to provide damping during non-powered states. The capacitive plate is made of insulating material.

Abstract: An identification system includes a quantum dot form factor disposed on an article, and quantum dots disposed on the quantum dot form factor, the quantum dots emitting a predetermined emission. A marking system includes a secondary reservoir including a plurality of quantum dots configured to be expelled from the reservoir and a means for dispersing the quantum dots from the secondary reservoir to engage the area to be marked. A location system includes a main reservoir having a plurality of quantum dots disposed within the main reservoir, wherein the main reservoir is a water dissolvable material that dissolves over a predetermined period while exposed to water. An identification system includes a sensor for detecting a light wave query, a strobe for flashing, and a filter that includes quantum dots that the light from the strobe energizes to emit light at a predetermined frequency.

Abstract: A method for enhancing axial resolution of a well logging instrument includes classifying a formation into a plurality of single well log measurement value zones to generate a squared well log. A response function of a well logging instrument is decomposed into a plurality of wavelets. The wavelets are convolved with the squared well log to generate a simulated tool response. The simulated tool response is compared to a measured tool response in the formation. The decomposing is repeated with different coefficients for each wavelet and the convolving is repeated until a mismatch between the simulated tool response and the measured tool response falls below a measurement uncertainty of the well logging instrument.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recognition method of submarine topography, and in particular, to an automatic recognition method of foot point of continental slope based on topography grid.

Abstract: A constellation of individual satellites are employed to concurrently collect occultation data from multiple GPSS originating signals that pass through atmospheric sections of interest. By coordinating the collection and processing of the data using state of the art receivers on a constellation of low earth orbit satellites and networked processing, highly accurate calculation of atmospheric conditions and related future weather events are possible.

Abstract: The computer creates a utility demand forecast model for weather parameters by receiving a plurality of utility parameter values, wherein each received utility parameter value corresponds to a weather parameter value. Determining that a range of weather parameter values lacks a sufficient amount of corresponding received utility parameter values. Determining one or more utility parameter values that corresponds to the range of weather parameter values. Creating a model which correlates the received and the determined utility parameter values with the corresponding weather parameters values.

Abstract: The invention provides a bright white refractory roofing granule, comprising a ceramic material formed from a substantially homogenous mixture of a ceramic-forming clay, sintering material, and optionally comprising silica particles, and other potential additives, said bright white refractory roofing granule having a total solar reflectance of at least 0.80 and a Hunter Color L-value of at least 85.0, together with processes for making and using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are a photosensitive resin composition including (A) an acrylic-based binder resin; (B) a photopolymerizable monomer; (C) a photopolymerization initiator; (D) a colorant including a dye represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein in Chemical Formula 1, each substituent is the same as defined in the detailed description; and (E) a solvent, and a color filter using the same.

Abstract: A composition for a polarizing film including a polymer, a first dichroic dye having a maximum absorption wavelength (?max) of about 400 nm to about 780 nm, and an ultraviolet (UV) absorber or a second dichroic dye having a maximum absorption wavelength (?max) of about less than 400 nm.

Abstract: An optical product includes an optical multilayer film on an optical product base, a color of reflected light of the optical multilayer film satisfies a condition of 0.27?x?0.31 and 0.30?y?0.36 in a chromaticity diagram (x,y,Y) of a CIE color system, reflectance is always 1 percent or less in a wavelength range from 420 nanometers (nm) to 680 nm, both inclusive, Y is 0.5 percent or less, and the optical multilayer film has a total of seven layers, in which a first layer is counted from an optical product base side, and odd layers are low refractive index layers and even layers are high refractive index layers, and an optical film thickness of a sixth layer is greater than or equal to 0.530?, and not greater than 0.605? when ? represents a design wavelength (any value in a range from 480 nm to 520 nm, both inclusive).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a mold or an optical element provided with a fine surface roughness according to an embodiment of the present invention is a method in which the fine surface roughness has been manufactured using a reactive etching apparatus. In the apparatus a substrate or a film made of a semiconductor or a metal which reacts with sulfur hexafluoride is placed, and into which a mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and oxygen is introduced and tuned into plasma such that oxides are made to be scattered on a surface of the substrate or the film, the surface of the substrate or the film is made to undergo etching by the sulfur hexafluoride while the oxides function as an etching mask, and thus the fine surface roughness is formed on the surface of the substrate or the film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a nano-pattern on a surface of a lens, which comprises steps of: (i) filling a conductive material in an space between a lens and a substrate; (ii) applying a first coating solution to the surface of the lens filled with the conductive material by to a wet process; (iii) forming a nano-pattern on the surface of the lens on which the first coating solution is applied by performing a reactive ion etching process; and (iv) removing the first coating solution remaining on the lens surface and the conductive material filling in the space between the lens and the substrate. The lens of the present invention is a functional lens with low reflectance, high transmittance and super water-repellency owing to a functional coating layer, thereby replacing the conventional lens on which an anti-reflective coating is formed.

Abstract: The method for producing an optical film includes a film-curing step of curing the coating to form a liquid crystal layer by supporting a second surface of the transparent support by a back-up roller while heating, and irradiating the coating with ultraviolet light, wherein, when an reaching temperature of the transparent support in curing of the coating is set to 80° C. or higher, and P [N/m2] represents a surface pressure, T [N] represents a tensile force applied to the transparent support, R [m] represents a radius of the back-up roller, L [m] represents a width of the transparent support, and G [GPa] represents an elastic modulus in a width direction of the transparent support at the reaching temperature of the transparent support in curing of the coating, Expression (1): P=T/RL and Expression (2): P>69/(G?1.5)+400 are satisfied.

Abstract: A microlens array includes a cell, and P lenses (P is an integer of 4 or more) arranged in the cell, in which the apexes of the P lenses are arranged such that symmetry is at least partially broken, when viewed in plan view. In this way, it is possible to suppress diffraction caused by regularity in the lens shape in the cell. Accordingly, it is possible to realize a microlens with a high utilization efficiency of light.

Abstract: A display device includes a display, a rear frame disposed on a rear side of the display and comprising a rear frame-side engagement portion that protrudes toward the display in a front direction, and an optical sheet comprising an optical sheet-side engagement portion comprising a slit or a notch that engages with the rear frame-side engagement portion. The optical sheet-side engagement portion is snapped onto the rear frame-side engagement portion such that the optical sheet is suspended by the rear frame, and at least one of the rear frame-side engagement portion or the optical sheet-side engagement portion comprises a disengagement prevention portion that prevents the optical sheet-side engagement portion from disengaging in the front direction of the rear frame-side engagement portion.

Abstract: A transparent layered element with diffuse reflection properties includes two outer layers made of dielectric materials having substantially the same refractive index and a central layer intercalated between the two outer layers, formed either from a single layer which is a dielectric layer with a refractive index different from that of the outer layers or a metallic layer, or from a stack of layers which includes at least one dielectric layer with a refractive index different from that of the outer layers or a metallic layer. The upper outer layer is a sol-gel layer including a silica-based organic/inorganic hybrid matrix.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a frameless hollow roof mirror comprises: a first element having a first mirrored surface and a first abutment surface; a second element having a second mirrored surface and a second abutment surface, the first and second elements arranged in a roof mirror configuration wherein the second abutment surface abuts against the first abutment surface and the first and second mirrored surfaces meet at a generally linear junction and are oriented relative to one another at a desired roof mirror angle; and a plurality of fasteners extending through the first and second abutment surfaces. The plurality of fasteners exerts a force to cause the first and second abutment surfaces to bear against each other.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for a micromirror array includes: preparing transparent flat substrates; attaching each of the substrates at a predetermined position of a machining stage of a dicing machine; sequentially forming parallel linear grooves arranged at intervals in one surface of each substrate; and stacking the substrates together so that the directions in which the linear grooves of the respective substrates extend are orthogonal to each other as seen in plan view. The substrates are stacked together in a manner selected from the group consisting of: the front surface of one of the substrates and the back surface of the other substrate are joined together for the stacking of the substrates; the front surfaces of the respective substrates are joined together for the stacking of the substrates; and the back surfaces of the respective substrates are joined together for the stacking of the substrates.

Abstract: The film mirror includes a resin substrate; a metal reflective layer; and a surface coating layer, and the surface coating layer has a hardness of up to 100 N/mm2 and an elastic recovery rate of 60% or more. The composite film is used in the film mirror. The film mirror is excellent in scratch resistance and has the haze value and the reflectance kept at high rates.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element includes a base having, on a surface, a first region with a diffraction grating and a second region located on an outer side of the first region, and an optical adjustment layer provided on the surface to be in contact with the first region and at least a part of the second region. A thin film portion having a film thickness smaller than a maximum film thickness of a portion of the optical adjustment layer in contact with the second region is provided in at least a part of the portion of the optical adjustment layer in contact with the second region.

Abstract: A Fresnel zone plate is provided for encountering incident light having a wavelength. The Fresnel zone plate has a focal length and a wafer including alternating transparent and opaque zones, and a mounting surface. A plurality of silicon nanowires extend into opaque zone of the wafer. A mechanically stretchable turning structure is mounted to the mounting surface such that stretching of the tuning structure varies the focal length of the Fresnel zone plate.

Abstract: A curved surface diffraction grating fabrication method for fabricating a curved surface diffraction grating having a desired curvature with high accuracy, includes: a step of forming a diffraction grating pattern on a flat-shaped silicon substrate; a step of curving the silicon substrate on which the diffraction grating pattern is formed, by pressing, in a heated state, a fixing substrate having a shape with a desired curved surface onto the silicon substrate and of fixing the silicon substrate on which the diffraction grating pattern is formed to the fixing substrate having the shape with the curved surface, to fabricate a curved surface diffraction grating cast; and a step of bringing a member having flexibility into contact with the curved surface diffraction grating cast, to transfer the diffraction grating pattern to the member.

Abstract: Optical resonators that are enhanced with photoluminescent phosphors and are designed and configured to output light at one or more wavelengths based on input/pump light, and systems and devices made with such resonators. In some embodiments, the resonators contain multiple optical resonator cavities in combination with one or more photoluminescent phosphor layers or other structures. In other embodiments, the resonators are designed to simultaneously resonate at the input/pump and output wavelengths. The photoluminescent phosphors can be any suitable photoluminescent material, including semiconductor and other materials in quantum-confining structures, such as quantum wells and quantum dots, among others.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat ray cutting film comprising, on a substrate, at least two layers of a light reflecting layer X1 and a light reflecting layer X2 obtained by fixing cholesteric liquid crystalline phases, and an infrared ray absorbing layer comprising composite tungsten oxide microparticles, wherein the light reflecting layer X1 and the light reflecting layer X2 reflect lights circularly polarized in directions opposite to each other, reflection center wavelengths of the light reflecting layer X1 and the light reflecting layer X2 are within a range of 800 to 1100 nm and are substantially equal to each other, and total reflectivity of all light reflecting layers obtained by fixing cholesteric liquid crystalline phases is 80% or more. The heat ray cutting film of the present invention has high transparency and high heat shielding performance.

Abstract: Provided is a visible light-transmissive and infrared-reflective substrate, including: a visible light-transmissive substrate layer disposed so as to serve as a partition between inside and outside of a room; and an infrared-reflective layer laminated on a surface on the room side of the visible light-transmissive substrate layer, wherein the visible light-transmissive substrate layer has a solar absorbance of at least 30%, the infrared-reflective layer includes a reflective layer configured to reflect infrared rays and a protective layer laminated on a surface on the room side of the reflective layer, and normal emissivity of a surface on the protective layer side of the infrared-reflective layer is not more than 0.50.

Abstract: A sheet-shaped optical article for receiving and emitting infrared rays includes a base and a mirror film formed on a surface of the base. A diffusion film is used as the base (diffusion base material) of the optical article. At least one of surfaces of the diffusion film is made to be a mat surface (diffusion layer), whereby the diffusion film scatters visible light. On at least any of the surfaces of the base, a mirror film (dielectric multilayer film) that transmits infrared rays and reflects visible light is formed.

Abstract: Provided is an infrared reflective film which has excellent insulating effects in the summer season and excellent heat retention effects in the winter season. Further, provided is an infrared shielding film in which the risk of heat cracks can be reduced by preventing heat generation on the film and which can be easily pasted.

Abstract: A reflective film includes a first optical stack that provides a first reflective characteristic and a second optical stack that provides a second reflective characteristic. The optical stacks also have first and second absorptive characteristics that are suitable to absorptively heat the respective stacks upon exposure to light including a write wavelength while maintaining the structural integrity of the stacks. The absorptive heating can change the first and second reflective characteristics to third and fourth reflective characteristics, respectively. A blocking layer that at least partially blocks light of the write wavelength may also be provided between the optical stacks to permit absorptive heating of any selected one of the optical stacks. The reflective characteristics of the optical stacks can thus be independently modified in any desired patterns by appropriate delivery of light beams that include the write wavelength.

Abstract: There is provided a polarizing film that is excellent in optical characteristics, and is excellent in durability and water resistance. A polarizing film according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film having a thickness of 10 ?m or less. The polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film has an iodine concentration of 8.5 wt % or more; and the polarizing film has a cross-linking index defined by the below-indicated equation of from 100 to 200.

Abstract: The topology of the elements of a metamaterial can be engineered from its desired electromagnetic constitutive tensor using an inverse group theory method. Therefore, given a desired electromagnetic response and a generic metamaterial elemental design, group theory is applied to predict the various ways that the element can be arranged in three dimensions to produce the desired functionality. An optimizer can then be applied to an electromagnetic modeling tool to fine tune the values of the electromagnetic properties of the resulting metamaterial topology.

Abstract: A lengthy stretched film made of a thermoplastic resin, having, over the width direction of at least 1300 mm, a value of an orientation angle ? to a take-up direction in a range of 40° to 50° and fluctuation thereof of 1.0° or less, and a value of an average Nz coefficient in a range of 1.3 to 2.0 and fluctuation thereof of 0.10 or less. A lengthy circularly polarizing plate constituted by laminating the lengthy stretched film with a lengthy polarizer. A reflective display type liquid crystal display device provided with the circularly polarizing plate constituted by trimming the lengthy circularly polarizing plate to a desired size.

Abstract: An optical compensation plate comprises a substrate, a phase difference compensation layer, and an antireflection layer. The substrate is for example a glass substrate. The phase difference compensation layer is formed by oblique vapor deposition of an inorganic material on a surface of the substrate, and has a microstructure where columnar structures stand with inclination in relation to the surface of the substrate. The antireflection layer is provided on the upper side of the phase difference compensation layer, and has an uneven structure equally formed on one surface.