Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention disclose a back-plate structure of backlight, a backlight and a display device. The backlight is applied to a display device. The back-plate structure comprises a substrate and a plurality of optical fibers disposed on the substrate. Each optical fiber is provided with a light outlet corresponding to a sub-pixel of the display device so that light inputted into the optical fiber is emitted to the sub-pixel to which the light outlet corresponds via the light outlet.

Abstract: Provided is a directional backlight unit that enables a three-dimensional (3D) image to be viewed at various viewing angles. The directional backlight unit includes a light source configured to emit light, a first reflector configured to reflect light emitted from the light source, a second reflector configured to additionally reflect the light reflected by the first reflector, a light guide plate configured to accommodate the light reflected by the first reflector or the second reflector and output the light to an outside, and an angle adjustor configured to rotate the first reflector or the second reflector to a reflective angle. The angle adjustor rotates the first reflector or the second reflector to change an incident angle of the light incident on the light guide plate and a refractive angle of the light output to the outside.

Abstract: An LED tube includes an envelope, three light guiding plates received in the envelope, three LEDs mounted on the light guiding plates, and two covers fixed to two opposite ends of the envelope. The three light guiding plates each have an end face confronting a corresponding LED, an inner face having a plurality of dots formed thereon and an outer face opposite to the inner face. Light emitted by each LED is diffused by the dots of a corresponding light guiding plate to radiate outside uniformly.

Abstract: A multi-core optical fiber may include a cladding with a cross section having a central region and an outside diameter. Multiple transmission cores are arranged symmetrically within the central region of the cladding, extending parallel to a central axis of the multi-core optical fiber. Multiple alignment cores are arranged within the cladding, extending parallel to the central axis of the multi-core optical fiber and near the outside diameter of the cladding so that each of the multiple alignment cores are visible through a side view of the cladding. Ends of similarly configured multi-core optical fibers may be mated and aligned. Alignment cores of a first multi-core optical fiber may be aligned with alignment cores of a second multi-core optical fiber using a side view of the mating interface. Aligning the alignment cores causes multiple transmission cores with the multi-core optical fibers to also align.

Abstract: A clad mode stripper is provided on a passive double-clad fiber guiding amplified light signal downstream from a gain block. The fiber is configured with an upstream end stripped from a protective coating. A light absorbing mixture is applied to the exposed cladding of the fiber receiving unwanted pump light. The mixture includes a host material and a plurality of diffusers which are operative to scatter cladding light incident thereon and embedded in the host material so as to define upstream and downstream decoupling zones. The diffusers are selected from either silicone polymers with a refractive index lower than that of the host material or from metal particles and lower the effective refractive index of the mixture so that it at most equal to that of the cladding. The mixture is operative to gradually remove substantially entire unwanted light guided by the cladding so that the downstream decoupling zone is heated at a temperature lower than that of the upstream zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical fiber comprising at least a first end with an first end facet, the optical fiber comprising a core region capable of guiding light at a first wavelength ?; and a microstructured cladding region surrounding said core region. The cladding region comprises an inner cladding region and an outer cladding region. The inner cladding region comprises inner cladding features arranged in an inner cladding background material having a refractive index n1, said inner cladding features comprising thermally collapsible holes or voids. The outer cladding region comprising outer cladding features arranged in an outer cladding background material, said outer cladding features comprising solid material with refractive index n2, wherein n2 is lower than n1. The invention further relates to methods for splicing such an optical fiber to an optical component and to methods for using such an optical fiber.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices and methods for fabricating semiconductor devices are provided. In one example, a method for fabricating a semiconductor device includes etching a waveguide layer in a detector region of a semiconductor substrate to form a recessed waveguide layer section. A ridge structure germanium (Ge) photodetector is formed overlying a portion of the recessed waveguide layer section.

Abstract: A package for an arcuate planar lightwave circuit (PLC) chip includes a heater plate coupled to a base by a thick and soft support layer. The arcuate PLC is attached to the heater plate by soft adhesive. A hard adhesive is applied to a multi-waveguide end of the arcuate PLC, to additionally strengthen the attachment of the arcuate PLC to the heater plate. The structure allows the mechanical stress due to fiber pull/shock/vibration to be dissipated in the support layer without introducing large wavelength shifts in the arcuate PLC. The support layer also serves as a heat insulator, facilitating uniform heating of the arcuate PLC.

Abstract: A method of making an imprinted optical micro-channel structure for transmitting light to an optical receiver or receiving light from an optical transmitter includes forming a curable optical layer over a substrate and imprinting one or more optical micro-channels in the optical layer with a first stamp. The curable optical layer is cured to form a cured optical layer having the optical micro-channels imprinted in the cured optical layer. A curable light-transparent material is located in the optical micro-channels and cured to form light-pipes of cured light-transparent material in the optical micro-channels. The optical transmitter located in alignment with a light-pipe for transmitting light through the light-pipe or the optical receiver is located in alignment with a light-pipe for receiving light from the light-pipe.

Abstract: The fiber component of the present invention has a fusion splice section for connecting optical fibers. The optical fiber as the receiver of transmitted light is coated with at least two-layer resin. In the vicinity of the fusion splice section for connecting optical fibers, the innermost layer of a resin-coat section is uncovered with other resin coat at the boundary between the resin-coat section and resin-coat removed section of the optical fiber coated with two-layer resin. The structure effectively releases light and suppresses increase in temperature of the resin-coat section, protecting the optical fibers from burn-out.

Abstract: Methods and systems for optical interconnection.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) photonic switch includes a first plurality of collimators and a first minor array optically coupled to the first plurality of collimators, where the first minor array includes a first plurality of minors, and where a first minor of the first plurality of minors includes a first plurality of photodiodes integrated on the first mirror.

Abstract: An optical circuit switch and method. A first mirror element rotates about orthogonal axes in response to first and second voltages applied respectively to first and second electrodes. A second mirror element rotates about orthogonal axes in response to third and fourth voltages applied respectively to the third and fourth electrodes. A controller may apply first through fourth voltages respectively to the first through fourth electrodes to make a connection between first and second ports. When an initial insertion loss of the connection does not exceed a predetermined threshold, the controller may conduct independent single-dimension searches to determine values for the first through fourth voltages that minimize the insertion loss. When the initial insertion loss exceeds the predetermined threshold, the controller may conduct a four-dimensional search to determine values for the first through fourth voltages that reduce the insertion loss to not exceed the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Optical and RF energy may be provided simultaneously or otherwise across a rotary coupler using separate communication paths. The rotary coupler may be provided with an optical transmission line that passes inside or through the center of an inner conductor of a coaxial RF transmission line that itself extends across the rotational interface/s of the rotary coupler. Both the optical transmission line and the RF transmission line may be positioned at, or close to, the axis of rotation of the rotary coupler. The rotary coupler may be configured to transfer optical and RF energy across rotational interface/s of the rotary coupler using an optical rotary joint positioned inside the inner conductor of a RF channel transmission line that itself is substantially centered at, and in line with, the rotational axis of the rotary coupler.

Abstract: A cable guide boot assembly for attachment to a connector and guiding a cable is provided, including a boot portion and a connector portion. The connector portion is configured to be non-rotary fixed to the connector and to extend from the connector in a first direction relative to a mating direction of the connector, and includes a first connection portion having a non-circular circumferential shape relative to the first direction. The boot portion a second connection portion mated to the first connection portion. The second connection portion is configured to receive the first connection portion, such that the boot portion is attachable to the connector portion in a discrete number of twisting angles with respect to the first relative direction.

Abstract: An optical signal coupling assembly includes a first connector and a second connector. The first connector includes a first main body and a number of first optical coupling lenses. The second connector includes a second main body and a plurality of second optical coupling lenses to be optically coupled with the first optical coupling lenses. The first main body further includes two first connecting members, and the second main body further includes two second connecting members. The second connecting member matches with the first connecting member, the first connecting member and the second connecting member are configured for both fixing and aligning the first connector with the second connector.

Abstract: A floating fiber optic pin contact including a ceramic ferrule defining a glass fiber channel for allowing light beams to pass therethrough. The ceramic ferrule has an end portion with a first diameter and a body portion with a second diameter that is smaller than the first diameter. The floating fiber optic pin contact also including a multi-piece body having an inner body member in physical contact with the body portion of the ceramic ferrule and an outer body member not in physical contact with the body portion of the ceramic ferrule and spaced apart from the inner body member. The floating fiber optic pin contact also including a washer connected between the inner body member and the outer body member.

Abstract: A hermetic optical fiber alignment assembly, including a first ferrule portion having a first surface provided with a plurality of grooves receiving the end sections of optical fibers, wherein the grooves define the location and orientation of the end sections with respect to the first ferrule portion, and a second ferrule portion having a second surface facing the first surface of the first ferrule, wherein the first ferrule portion is attached to the second ferrule portion with the first surface against the second surface, wherein a cavity is defined between the first ferrule portion and the second ferrule portion, wherein the cavity is wider than the grooves, and wherein a suspended section of each optical fiber is suspended in the cavity, and wherein the cavity is sealed with a sealant. The sealant extends around the suspended sections of the optical fibers within the cavity.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a cleaning portion and a driving portion. One end of the cleaning portion includes a cleaning head configured to clean an object to be cleaned. A spiral shaped guide groove is defined in an outside surface of the cleaning head. The driving portion includes a protruding portion. The protruding portion is movably received in the spiral shaped guide groove. When the cleaning head is resisted to the object to be cleaned, and the driving portion moves toward the object to be cleaned, the protruding portion slides along the spiral shaped guide groove to drive the cleaning head to rotate to clean the object to be cleaned.

Abstract: A simplified optical coupling system having two optical connectors is disclosed. The optical coupling system includes a male connector with a ferrule, a female connector with another ferrule, and a sleeve to receive the ferrules in respective ends thereof. One of connectors provides a latch and a coil spring. The latch engages with a flange of the other connector, and the coil spring put between the flange of the connector having the latch and a base of the latch to secure the engagement of the latch with the flange.

Abstract: A tracking jumper cable assembly includes an electrical connection device at each of two opposite ends of a duplex fiber optic patch cable thereof. The electrical connection device includes bottom cover member, a light transmissive top cover member covering the bottom cover member and defining an inside chamber therebetween, a circuit board mounted in the inside chamber and carrying a LED, two metal conducting plates electrically connected to the LED at the circuit board and respectively extended out of two back holes of the top cover member back hole to facilitate tracking remote connective portions of the cable with a pair of electronic component testing tweezers.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing releasable attachment between a fiber connector and an opto-electronic assembly, the opto-electronic assembly utilizing an interposer substrate to support a plurality of opto-electronic components that generates optical output signals and receives optical input signals. An enclosure is used to cover the interposer substrate and includes a transparent region through which the optical output and input signals pass unimpeded. A magnetic connector component is attached to the lid and positioned to surround the transparent region, with a fiber connector for supporting one or more optical fibers magnetically attached to the connector component by virtue of a metallic component contained in the fiber connector. This arrangement provides releasable attachment of the fiber connector to the enclosure in a manner where the optical output and input signals align with the optical fibers in the connector.

Abstract: An optical receptacle is disposed between a photoelectric conversion device and an optical fiber, in which photoelectric conversion device a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element that receives monitor light for monitoring light emitted from the light-emitting element are mounted on substrate. Light of the light-emitting element that has been incident on a first surface is reflected by a first reflective surface, and then is separated by a light separating section into monitor light and light to be coupled with a fiber end. The monitor light is emitted from the first surface towards the light-receiving element side. The light to be coupled with the fiber end is emitted from a second surface towards the fiber end side. A traveling direction of the light reaching the second surface from the first reflective surface is maintained at a reflection direction of the first reflective surface.

Abstract: An optoelectronic packaging assembly having an optical interposer and a method of same. The assembly includes a photonic and/or optoelectronic device; a planar optical interposer coupled to the photonic and/or optoelectronic device on a first side of the optical interposer and including an optical transmission element on a second side opposite to the first side; a deflecting element; and at least one optical waveguide on the first side, in-plane with the optical interposer. The waveguide is coupled at one end to the photonic and/or optoelectronic device and at another end to the deflecting element. The deflecting element is configured to enable optical transmission between the waveguide and the optical transmission element through the optical interposer. The optical interposer includes a material allowing for optical transmission between the deflecting element and the optical transmission element.

Abstract: A photonic device comprising a base plate, a photonic laser coupled to the base plate, wherein the photonic laser is configured to generate a light, a lens coupled to the base plate, wherein the lens is configured to receive the light from the photonic laser, form a focused light, and pass the focused light to a reflector, and the reflector incorporated with the base plate such that the lens is positioned between the photonic laser and the reflector, wherein the reflector is configured to receive the focused light, and wherein the reflector is configured to steer a first portion of the focused light through the base plate using total internal reflection.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing and using an optical or optoelectronic device are disclosed. The optical or optoelectronic device and related methods may be useful as an optical or optoelectronic transceiver or for the processing of optical signals. The optical or optoelectronic device generally comprises a light-transmitting medium configured to transmit a first light beam; a light-receiving unit configured to receive and process a focused, reflected light beam; a first mirror or beam splitter configured to reflect at least a first portion of the transmitted light beam away from the light-receiving unit; a lens configured to focus the reflected light beam; and a second mirror configured to reflect the focused, reflected light beam towards the light-receiving unit.

Abstract: A modular connector infrastructure includes device connector modules having optical connectors to optically connect to respective subsets of electronic devices in a system. The device connector modules are removably connected to the electronic devices.

Abstract: It is disclosed an optical cable for communications including at least one micromodule, the micromodule including a retaining element and number N of optical fibers housed in said retaining element. The diameter of a circumference encircling the number N of optical fibers is typically 90% to 95% of an inner diameter of the retaining element. The retaining element consists essentially of a film grade polymeric material having an elongation at break equal to or higher than 500%, a melt flow index (MFI) lower than 3 g/10 min, and a density lower than 1 g/cm3.

Abstract: A telecommunications assembly including a housing and a plurality of modules mounted within the housing. The modules includes a rear face in which is mounted at least one fiber optic connector. Within an interior of the housing are positioned at least one fiber optic adapters. Inserting the module through a front opening of the housing at a mounting location positions the connector of the module for insertion into and mating with the adapter of the housing. The adapters within the interior of the housing are mounted to a removable holder. A method of mounting a telecommunications module within a chassis.

Abstract: A telecommunications infrastructure includes first and second trough members for routing signal-carrying fibers. Latching members may be used to adjustably couple coupling members adjustably coupled with a trough members. Support members may also be used to adjustably couple trough members together with coupling members.

Abstract: A fiber optic apparatus including a retainer assembly having at least one retainer configured to toollessly, releasably retain a fiber body and or one or more optical fibers is disclosed. An attachment feature may toollessly, removably attach the retainer assembly to a mounting surface. The at least one retainer is configured to releasably retain the fiber body via mounting bosses on the fiber body. A stacking feature may be configured to removably attach a second retainer assembly to the retainer assembly. The at least one retainer may be configured to releasably retain the one or more optical fibers to strain relief the one of more optical fibers. The mounting surface may be fiber optic equipment. The fiber optic equipment may be a shelf mounted to a chassis in a fiber optic equipment rack.

Abstract: To decrease operating noise of actuators in a lens barrel, provided is a lens barrel comprising a first optical member that moves in an optical axis direction prior to image capturing and during image capturing; a first drive member that causes the first optical member to move in the optical axis direction during image capturing; a second optical member that has the first drive member fixed thereto, moves in the optical axis direction prior to image capturing, and is fixed at a position in the optical axis direction during image capturing; and a second drive member that causes the second optical member, the first optical member, and the first drive member to move in the optical axis direction prior to image capturing. Also provided is an image capturing apparatus comprising the lens barrel and an image capturing section that captures image light from the lens barrel.

Abstract: The technology provides for automatic alignment of a see-through near-eye, mixed reality device with an inter-pupillary distance (IPD). A determination is made as to whether a see-through, near-eye, mixed reality display device is aligned with an IPD of a user. If the display device is not aligned with the IPD, the display device is automatically adjusted. In some examples, the alignment determination is based on determinations of whether an optical axis of each display optical system positioned to be seen through by a respective eye is aligned with a pupil of the respective eye in accordance with an alignment criteria. The pupil alignment may be determined based on an arrangement of gaze detection elements for each display optical system including at least one sensor for capturing data of the respective eye and the captured data. The captured data may be image data, image and glint data, and glint data only.

Abstract: The present disclosure illustrates a five-piece imaging lens assembly which includes an aperture stop, an optical lens assembly, an image plane. The optical lens assembly, in order from an object side to an image side, includes a first lens element with positive refractive power adjacent to the optical axis and having a convex object-side surface, a second lens element with negative refractive power adjacent to the optical axis and having a concave object-side surface, a third lens element and a fourth lens element with refractive power adjacent to the optical axis, and a fifth lens element with negative refractive power adjacent to the optical axis and having a convex image-side surface. At least one of the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fifth lens element has an inflection point. The image plane is for image formation for an object.

Abstract: In a lens optical system having first, second, and third lenses that are arranged between an object and an image sensor where an image of the object is formed, in order from an object side, the first lens has a positive (+) refractive power and is convex toward the object, the second lens has a negative (?) refractive power and is convex toward the image sensor, and the third lens has a positive (+) refractive power and at least one of an incident surface and an exit surface of the third lens has at least one inflection point between a center portion and an edge thereof. The lens optical system satisfies the following inequality that 0.5<f1/f<0.8, in which f1 is a focal length of the first lens and f is a total focal length of the lens optical system.

Abstract: An imaging lens includes first, second, third, and fourth lens elements arranged from an object side to an image side in the given order. The first lens element has a positive refractive power, and a convex object-side surface. The second lens element has a negative refractive power, and an image-side surface with a convex portion. The third lens element has a convex image-side surface. The fourth lens element has an object-side surface with a convex portion, and a curved image-side surface with a concave portion and a convex portion.

Abstract: An imaging lens includes first to fifth lens elements arranged from an object side to an image side in the given order. Through designs of surfaces of the lens elements and relevant optical parameters, a short system length of the imaging lens may be achieved while maintaining good optical performance.

Abstract: An optical image capturing system includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element. The first, the second and the third lens elements all have refractive power. The fourth lens element with refractive power has both surfaces being aspheric. The fifth lens element with refractive power has both surfaces being aspheric. The sixth lens element with refractive power has an image-side surface having at least one convex shape at a peripheral region thereof and both surfaces being aspheric. The seventh lens element with refractive power has an image-side surface having at least one convex shape at a peripheral region thereof, wherein both surfaces being aspheric, and at least one surface has at least one inflection point thereon.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical unit comprising. The present invention further relates to the use of such an optical unit. Such an optical unit comprises, seen in a direction from the object side to the imaging surface, a first substrate, a first lens element, a second lens element and a second substrate, characterized in that the first substrate includes a diaphragm function.

Abstract: A lens barrel includes an image-pickup optical system that includes a main optical system and an extender optical system, an extender barrel configured to hold the extender optical system, a housing configured to house the extender barrel, a rotator configured to hold the extender barrel to rotatably support the extender barrel in the housing, to insert the extender optical system into the main optical system, and to retreats the extender optical system from the main optical system, and a retreat restraint. When the retreat restraint is in the first state, the extender optical system is retreated to a position which is not associated with formation of the optical image, but the extender optical system is undetachable from the rotator, and when the retreat restraint is in the second state, the extender optical system is detachable from the rotator.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from the object side to the image side, a first lens unit having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a third lens unit including a lens. The distance between the first lens unit and the second lens unit is smaller at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end, and the distance between the second lens unit and the third lens unit changes during zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end. The first lens unit consists, in order from the object side, of a front sub lens unit having a negative refractive power, an optical path bending member, and a rear sub lens unit having a positive refractive power. The front sub lens unit includes a biconcave single lens, and the rear sub lens unit includes one or two single lenses.

Abstract: A zoom lens unit comprises a first and fourth lens groups with positive refractive power, a second and third lens groups with negative refractive power. The first and the fourth lens groups are fixed, the second lens group moves toward an image side and the fourth lens group moves when changing a magnification ratio from a wide-angle end to a telephoto end. The fourth lens group includes a positive lens L41 having a convex surface on the object side, a negative lens L42 having a concave surface on an image side, positive lenses L43, L45, and a negative lens L44. A following condition is fulfilled: 0.1<(R411?R422)/(R411+R422)<0.6 where R411 represents a curvature radius of the object-side surface of the positive lens L41, and R422 represents a curvature radius of the image-side surface of the negative lens L42.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes a negative first lens group, a positive second lens group, a negative third lens group, and a positive fourth lens group. Upon zooming from the short to the long focal length extremities, the distance between the first and second lens groups decreases, the distance between the second and third lens groups increases, and the distance between the third and fourth lens groups decreases. The following conditions (1) and (2) are satisfied: ?2.50<f1/f2<?1.57??(1), and f3/f3B<?0.1??(2), wherein f1, f2 and f3 designate the focal lengths of the first, second and third lens groups, respectively, and f3B designates the focal length of a bonding surface in the cemented lens of the third lens group.

Abstract: A microscope includes a light source, a condenser lens disposed on an optical path of the light source to illuminate a specimen, an objective lens disposed on the optical path on an opposite side of the specimen from the condenser lens, a first polarizing plate disposed between the light source and the condenser lens, a compensator disposed between the condenser lens and the first polarizing plate to adjust retardation of light transmitted through the first polarizing plate, a second polarizing plate for transmitting only one-directional polarization component of the light transmitted through the specimen according to a relative positional relationship with the first polarizing plate, a driving unit for changing retardation of the compensator, and a control unit for causing the driving unit to drive the compensator to increase or decrease the retardation within a range including a position where the retardation is zero as a reference.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for microscopy. The apparatus, system and method includes a stage configured to receive an item; a tunable acoustic gradient index of refraction (TAG) lens having a first aspect positioned to image the received item, wherein the first aspect of the TAG lens is configured to have an optical power profile in accordance with an operational frequency of the TAG lens; one or more lenses configured to magnify an image of the received item at a viewing point; and at least one pulsed light source configured to illuminate the received item and to pulse at one or more points within the optical power profile of the TAG lens.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention is an imaging arrangement that includes imaging optics, a fiducial light source, and a control system. In operation, the imaging optics separate light into first and second tight by wavelength and project the first and second light onto first and second areas within first and second detector regions, respectively. The imaging optics separate fiducial light from the fiducial light source into first and second fiducial light and project the first and second fiducial light onto third and fourth areas within the first and second detector regions, respectively. The control system adjusts alignment of the imaging optics so that the first and second fiducial light projected onto the first and second detector regions maintain relatively constant positions within the first and second detector regions, respectively. Another embodiment of the present invention is a microscope that includes the imaging arrangement.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for computing focus information during scanning digital microscope slide data with a line scan camera. The systems and methods include a dynamically interleaved procedure that works by moving the specimen relative to the objective lens while the height of the objective lens is adjusted relative to the stage. Imagery data is acquired at a plurality of objective lens heights the image data from the objective lens height having maximum contrast is stored and combined into a composite digital image of at least a portion of the specimen.

Abstract: An eyepiece for a head wearable display includes a first lens body having a first interface side in which a first recess is disposed and a second lens body having a second interface side in which a second recess is disposed. The first and second lens bodies are mated together along the first and second interface sides and the first and second recesses are aligned to form a cavity. A lightguide insert is provided that has a shape and a size to fit within the cavity defined by the first and second recesses. The lightguide insert includes an in-coupling region to receive display light into the lightguide insert and an out-coupling region to direct the display light out of the lightguide insert through the first lens body.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a light source, a light guide, a light extraction unit, and a drive circuit. The light source emits a first light. The light guide has a first end, a second end arranged in a first direction, and a side surface extending in the first direction. The light guide guides the first light from the first end toward the second end. The light extraction unit opposes the side surface, and includes first and second conductive units provided parallel to the side surface. The light extraction unit extracts the first light guided inside the light guide by coming close to the side surface for a state in which a voltage is applied to the first and second conductive units. The drive circuit applies the voltage between the first and second conductive units.

Abstract: An electrowetting display device includes a first base substrate, a plurality of first electrodes disposed on the first base substrate and positioned to respectively correspond to positions of a plurality of pixels, a partition wall disposed on the first base substrate to partition the pixels, a second electrode disposed on the partition wall and including a plurality of openings, a second base substrate facing the first base substrate, and an electrowetting layer disposed between the first base substrate and the second base substrate, the electrowetting layer respectively being moved by voltages respectively applied to the first electrode and the second electrode.