Abstract: A device for maintaining or achieving soft tissue expansion applicable to any body region already temporarily expanded including: an adhesive element deformable and capable of adapting to the shape of this body region, and which can then itself become mechanically rigid enough to resist tendency of the expanded tissue to recoil or to which a second material can be applied to form a stent adapted to the shape of the body area to provide the necessary structural rigidity to prevent recoil of the expansion and thereby induce its retention of its expanded shape after the stent is removed.

Abstract: An orthotopic artificial bladder endoprosthesis includes a first portion connectable to a urethra of a patient and a second portion connected to the ureters of the patient; the first portion including a collapsible cover made of a multi-layered silicone membrane having an external surface and an internal surface both coated with pyrolytic turbostratic carbon; the second portion including a resorbable cap including a fabric of PGA fibres and a frame, coupled with the cap, made using PGA/PLA copolymer; the cover and the cap being connected together along their respective edges, to define an enclosure.

Abstract: A thin film nitinol stent cover is provided that includes a plurality of fenestrations. Each fenestration extends in both longitudinal and transverse dimension, wherein the longitudinal and transverse dimensions are both less than or equal to a critical dimension that inhibits muscle cell migration through the fenestrations.

Abstract: A method for repairing a ligament or tendon, the method comprising: passing one or more sutures through and/or around each respective end of a completely or partially torn ligament or tendon; placing a generally cylindrical hollow body or ring over the respective ends of the completely or partially torn ligament or tendon; passing the one or more sutures through the generally cylindrical hollow body or ring; and tying the one or more sutures around or through the generally cylindrical hollow body or ring wherein the sutures are secured in place around or through the generally cylindrical hollow body or ring via one or more notches or holes defined by the generally cylindrical hollow body or ring.

Abstract: A graft retention device has an elongated body with a first and second ends and a midpoint therebetween. A pair of elongated slots formed through the body defines a tang therebetween. A graft retention loop is disposed over the tang and is slidable therealong. A trailing line connects to the body adjacent the slots and extends therefrom through the graft retention loop toward the first end. Tension applied to the trailing line thus tends to urge the graft retention loop away from the first end and toward the midpoint.

Abstract: A device 100 for delivering intraocular lens into an incision on an eye of a patient comprises a tubular member 130 defined by a hollow elongate passageway 131, a front 132 and a back through opening 133 of the passageway 131; a secured nozzle 150 having an expanded base 152, which is mounted to the front through opening 132 of the tubular member 130, tapering towards a pointed end 153 fashioned to be inserted into the incision, the secured nozzle 150 enclosing a lumen 154 substantially tapered from the base 152 to the pointed end 153 and aligned with the passageway 131 that the lens is disposed within the lumen 154 to be readily delivered; an elongate probe 110, at least partially housed within the passageway 131, having a bifurcated tip 115 which is configured to telescopically slide out from the pointed end 153 of the secured nozzle 150 pushing the disposed lens into the eye; and a plunger assembly 120 having a shaft 126 inserted into and moveable within the passageway 131 to anteriorly engage with the pro

Abstract: A liquid crystal optical device is provided, including a layered structure including at least two support substrates. An external hole patterned control electrode is provided on one of the substrates and has an aperture. An internal hole patterned control electrode is provided on one of the substrates within the aperture, the internal and outer control electrodes being separated by a gap, which forms part of the aperture. A weakly conductive material is provided on one of the substrates over the aperture. A planar transparent electrode is provided on another one of the substrates. An alignment surface is provided on the substrates over the electrodes. A layer of liquid crystal material is contained by the substrates and in contact with the alignment surface of the substrates. A floating transparent electrode is provided on a side of one of the substrates opposite the outer and the internal hole patterned electrode.

Abstract: A tensioning device for attaching to the anterior capsule of an eye, and accommodative intraocular lens systems employing the device. The tensioning device includes a biocompatible, elastically reconfigurable ring for restoring at least a portion of the anterior capsule centripetal forces lost by capsulorhexis. The tensioning device also includes a plurality of penetrators configured for attaching the ring to the anterior capsule. The plurality of penetrators is biocompatible with the eye and partially embedded in a part of the ring configured for facing the anterior capsule.

Abstract: A stent (1) used for a heart valve prosthesis and the heart valve prosthesis that includes the stent (1) and is used for heart valve replacement. The stent is configured to support a heart valve (3) and includes, along a longitudinal axis, an inflow section (8), an outflow section (6) and a transition section (7) between the inflow section (8) and the outflow section (6). The stent (1) has a contracted delivery configuration and an expanded deployed configuration. In the expanded deployed configuration, the inflow section (8) defines a concave contour that is complementary to a structure of a native valve annulus. The concave contour enables self-deployment and close adherence of the stent (1), thereby preventing its displacement and perivalvular leakage after implantation.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides aortic valve prosthetic devices that are constructed in a non-axisymmetric shape, or are expandable to a non-axisymmetric shape for improved results in the repair of defective aortic valves. The devices can be surgically implanted, or they can be implanted percutaneously through an insertion catheter. The expandable devices can be self-expanding or expanded by an inflatable balloon to a non-axisymmetric cross-section geometry.

Abstract: A delivery system (100) for delivering a collapsible prosthetic heart valve includes a body (120) extending in a longitudinal direction and a sheath (130) slidable relative to the body. A compartment (155) is defined inside the sheath and is adapted to receive the collapsible prosthetic heart valve in a collapsed condition. The system includes an articulating joint having a first portion operatively connected to the compartment and a second portion operatively connected to the body. The first portion is pivotable relative to the second position so as to pivot the sheath from a first orientation extending in the longitudinal direction to a second orientation extending transverse to the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A delivery system for rapid placement of heart implants is provided that includes a delivery platform. The delivery system includes a tubular catheter body, a piercing member, and a delivery platform. The tubular catheter body is sufficiently long and flexible to be advanced from a peripheral blood vessel access site to an atrium of the heart. The piercing member is configured to create a transapical channel from an internal apical portion of a ventricle to an outside heart wall. The delivery system includes an elongate tension member and an enlargeable member disposed on a distal portion of the elongate tension member. The enlargeable member is configured to be enlarged in a pericardial space of an intact chest wall to cover an area of the outside heart wall surrounding an opening of the transapical channel. When tensioned, the tension member provides a stable zone for positioning a heart implant within the heart.

Abstract: A transseptal catheter delivery system includes an elongate first tubular member and an elongate second tubular member receivable within the first tubular member. The first tubular member includes an adjustable portion adjacent a distal end. The second tubular member is adapted to receive an instrument to be placed in the left ventricle, and includes a curved portion adjacent its distal end in a relaxed state. The adjustable portion is deflectable toward the atrial septum to guide a puncturing tool and/or guide insertion of the second tubular member through a septal puncture into the left atrium. Within the left atrium, the curved portion is oriented toward the left ventricle to guide insertion of a guide wire, and subsequently the second tubular member, into the left ventricle. Methods of transvenously accessing a left ventricle are also provided.

Abstract: The present device provides a delivery device (10) suitable for delivering a cardiac valve support device (11) that comprises at least one support element (14, 19) and two or more stabilizing elements (16), wherein said delivery device comprises a proximal handle and an outer conduit (12) that is continuous therewith, and wherein said delivery device further comprises various means for controlling the release of said support element from the open distal end of said outer conduit and means for retaining the support device stabilizing elements in a closed conformation, and independently controlling their release.

Abstract: An annuloplasty ring holder including a head having an upper surface and an annuloplasty ring receiving surface facing opposite the upper surface. The annuloplasty ring holder also includes means for attaching an annuloplasty ring to the annuloplasty ring receiving surface. The means for attaching an annuloplasty ring to the annuloplasty ring receiving surface may include one or more suture guides operatively associated with the head and configured to position one or more sutures to removably associate an annuloplasty ring with the annuloplasty ring receiving surface. The head may include a central hub and more than one spoke radiating out from the central hub. If the head is thus configured, each spoke will include a portion of the annuloplasty ring receiving surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biological or artificial valve prosthesis (4, 5) for use in the human or animal body for replacement of an organ valve or a vessel valve, in particular a cardiac valve prosthesis or venous valve prosthesis, with a stent (8) or without a stent, with a supporting valve framework, with at least one valve (7) and with at least one conductor loop (2) that forms the inductance of an electrical resonance circuit. In order to provide a simple and inexpensive valve prosthesis that can be viewed in the MR imaging technique and is also easy to implant, the invention proposes that the at least one conductor loop (2) forms the valve framework and/or the valve (7) or supporting areas of the valve framework and/or supporting areas of the valve (7).

Abstract: The invention relates to a biological or artificial valve prosthesis (4, 5) for use in the human or animal body for replacement of an organ valve or a vessel valve, in particular a cardiac valve prosthesis or venous valve prosthesis, with a stent (8) or without a stent, with a supporting valve framework, with at least one valve (7) and with at least one conductor loop (2) that forms the inductance of an electrical resonance circuit. In order to provide a simple and inexpensive valve prosthesis that can be viewed in the MR imaging technique and is also easy to implant, the invention proposes that the at least one conductor loop (2) forms the valve framework and/or the valve (7) or supporting areas of the valve framework and/or supporting areas of the valve (7).

Abstract: Devices and methods for controlling blood perfusion pressure. In an exemplary device for controlling blood perfusion pressure within a vessel of the present disclosure, the device comprises an elongated body having a lumen, a proximal end configured for placement in a first area having a first blood pressure, and a distal end configured for placement in a second area having a second blood pressure, partial occluder positioned within the lumen of the elongated body between the proximal end and the distal end, the partial occluder configured so not to fully occlude a blood vessel, wherein the partial occluder is configured to equalize the first blood pressure at the first area with the second blood pressure at the second area.

Abstract: An orthopaedic prosthesis for use in a hip replacement surgery. The orthopaedic prosthesis includes a metallic foam shell and a metallic core. The metallic core includes a neck configured to receive a femoral head component and a stem extending through the metallic foam shell.

Abstract: A method and implant based on injection molding techniques. The method produces polymeric components suitable for implantation with a structure and mechanical properties close to those of natural bone tissue. In a variant, method for making an implant or component thereof includes forming a standard shape foamed blank, and over-molding a thin layer of non-foamed PEEK material onto the standard shaped foamed blank to obtain a final implant component geometry, whereby the blank is completely encapsulated by the over-molded layer.

Abstract: An orthopedic implant comprising: (a) a distal femoral component comprising a first condyle bearing surface having a first profile comprising at least three consecutive arcs of curvature; and (b) a proximal tibial component comprising a first condyle bearing surface having a second profile comprising at least three parallel arcs of curvature.

Abstract: A prosthesis including a magnetic implant approximating the size of a bone to be replaced; a first magnetic bone implant securable to a first bone adjacent the bone to be replaced; and a second magnetic bone implant securable to a second bone adjacent the bone to be replaced. Each of the first and second magnetic bone implants have a magnetic relationship with the magnetic implant. A method of reconstructing a wrist includes removing a patient's scaphoid to create a void. The scaphoid has a plurality of adjacent bones, each of the adjacent bones comprising a surface generally facing the void. The surface of at least two of the adjacent bones is prepared by affixing a magnetic element thereto and a magnetic scaphoid implant is inserted into the void. A magnetic relationship exists between the magnetic elements and the magnetic scaphoid implant.

Abstract: An intervertebral spacer and stabilization implant includes a plate having sockets configured for retaining a fastener passable through the socket and into an adjacent vertebral body. One or more connecting projections extend from a side of the plate, to mate with projections extending from a spacer body. A plurality of teeth project from at least one of the upper or lower surfaces of the spacer body, and a chamber is formed through the spacer body to enable bone fusion between the vertebrae. The combined plate and spacer may be inserted to lie completely within the intervertebral space, or a portion of the plate may overlie a vertebral body.

Abstract: An implant has a first contact surface to contact a first vertebral body endplate and a second contact surface to contact a second vertebral body endplate adjacent the first vertebral body. The implant is deployable, when positioned within an intradiscal space between the first and second vertebral bodies, from a first non-expanded condition where the first contact surface has a first effective footprint area A1 to a second expanded condition where the first contact surface has a second effective footprint area A2. The ratio A2/A1 is at least 1.05.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an invertebral disc prosthesis comprising a first cantilever arm; the first cantilever arm comprising a shaft that is affixed to a disc; a second cantilever arm that comprises a plurality of rods that contact the disc; the plurality of rods being equidistant from a central axis of the shaft; and a third cantilever arm that comprises a platform to which are attached a plurality of rings; the rings being concentrically disposed about the shaft; the rings being in operative communication with each other; where the plurality of rods contacts the platform; and where the second cantilever arm has more degrees of freedom than the first cantilever arm, while the third cantilever arm has a number of degrees of freedom that are greater than or equal to the number of degrees of the second cantilever arm.

Abstract: This invention relates to a spinal fusion system and method for use as a prosthetic implant. The system and method includes a housing dimensioned to be situated between adjacent spinal bones, such as adjacent vertebrae. The housing cooperates with the spinal bones to define at least one or a plurality of graft areas for receiving graft material, which may be pre-packed into the cage or inserted anteriorly into the housing during a surgical operation such as a vertebrectomy or discectomy. A housing may have various features such as migration preventers to prevent the housing from migrating posteriorly towards a spinal column and can be used with a cover that permits the housing to “float” relative thereto. Screws are provided in one embodiment and are dimensioned or configured to lock against each other to retain the screws and, consequently, the cover in place.

Abstract: An orthopedic device for implanting between adjacent vertebrae comprising: an arcuate balloon and a hardenable material within said balloon. In some embodiments, the balloon has a footprint that substantially corresponds to a perimeter of a vertebral endplate. An inflatable device is inserted through a cannula into an intervertebral space and oriented so that, upon expansion, a natural angle between vertebrae will be at least partially restored. At least one component selected from the group consisting of a load-bearing component and an osteobiologic component is directed into the inflatable device through a fluid communication means.

Abstract: A system for spinal surgery includes a prosthesis comprising a plurality of bone anchors which engage an intervertebral construct for fusion or motion preservation. The fusion construct comprises a spacer optionally encircled by a jacket. The motion preservation construct may comprise an articulating disc assembly or an elastomeric disc assembly. Any of the constructs may occupy the intervertebral disc space between adjacent vertebrae after removal of an intervertebral disc. The anchors slidingly engage the construct to securely fix the prosthesis to the vertebrae. The anchors and jacket of the fusion construct provide a continuous load path across opposite sides of the prosthesis so as to resist antagonistic motions of the spine.

Abstract: Various embodiments of an impact absorbing pad are disclosed herein. Each pad is configured to protect a load bearing surface of an implant from damage when the implant is implanted. Each pad may have an attachment portion that allows the pad to be attached to the load bearing surface. An impactor tool may also be attached to the load bearing surface and utilized the drive a portion of the implant into a bone cavity. The pad may be removed by hand, removed with the tool, or implanted with the implant. Related systems and methods for using and making the pad are also disclosed.

Abstract: A trial acetabular cup having a signal generating device located thereon.

Abstract: An orthopaedic surgical instrument including a femoral trial component configured to be coupled to a surgically-prepared distal end of a patient's femur. The femoral trial component has a fixation side configured to engage a posterior aspect of the surgically-prepared distal femur.

Abstract: A prosthetic foot has a plate-like foot member with a core section substantially defined by one or more layers comprising a first material fiber, an upper section disposed above the core section, the upper section substantially defined by one or more layers comprising a second material fiber, and a lower section disposed below the core section, the lower section substantially defined by one or more layers comprising a third material fiber, where the upper, lower and core sections together define a total thickness of the plate-like elongate foot member. An idealized ratio of the cross sectional area of each section can be determined such that under an applied load provided to the hybrid layup, the ratio of maximum stress of a given section over the flexural strength of that given section is approximately equal for all sections of the hybrid layup. The hybrid layup arrangement can be configured to have a greater strength, but generally the same stiffness, as a similar foot member made of carbon fiber.

Abstract: An incompressible fluid is used to adjust fit for a prosthetic device, the use of a closed loop control system and force, motion, and position measurement to aid with algorithms controlling the fit of the prosthetic device to a residual limb. Embodiments include automatic actuation, based on triggering of threshold values from sensors, a powered full release feature, use of hydraulic transducers to transfer fluid pressure to force on a limb, and customizable pressure distribution pads and embedded valves in transducers to prevent backflow and allow stabilization of the residual limb. A retrofit system may be used for existing prosthetic sockets. A triggering algorithm utilizes measured force exceeding a threshold or thresholds with a characteristic pulse signature and a triggering of release based on a combination of total motion and measured force below a threshold or thresholds.

Abstract: An attachment lock (27) for a prosthetic limb including a housing (28) having an opening (32) for insertion of a prosthetic locking pin (13). A locking member (29) is mounted within the housing (28) and is arranged releasably to secure an inserted locking pin (13). The lock (27) includes means (35) to adjust the position of the locking member (29) relative to the housing (28) along the axis of an inserted locking pin (13).

Abstract: A vacuum suspension system includes a pump mechanism operatively connectable to a prosthetic socket. The pump mechanism has a first member and a second member. First and second fluid chambers are located between the first and second members. The second fluid chamber is fluidly separate from the first fluid chamber, and arranged for fluid communication with the socket. An increase in volume of the first fluid chamber mechanically expands the second fluid chamber, which, in turn, creates a vacuum pressure in the second fluid chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a prosthetic socket for a residual limb of the lower extremity or upper extremity of an individual person. The residual limb has particular dimensions and anatomical contours; the prosthetic socket has dimensions and contours that fit the dimensions and contours of the residual limb. The prosthetic socket may also fit in a manner that is biomechanically particularly appropriate for the individual. The prosthetic socket is an assembly of components from groups of components that include (a) struts arranged longitudinally with respect to the residual limb, (b) proximal brim members arranged proximally to the struts and connected thereto; and (c) distal socket members disposed at the distal base of the prosthetic socket. The socket components within these groups may be modular in that they can vary with respect to dimensions and/or contours, and yet have common connecting features that permit assembly of the components together to form the prosthetic socket.

Abstract: The invention relates to a prosthetic socket for a residual limb of the lower extremity or upper extremity of an individual person. The residual limb has particular dimensions and anatomical contours; the prosthetic socket has dimensions and contours that fit the dimensions and contours of the residual limb. The prosthetic socket may also fit in a manner that is biomechanically particularly appropriate for the individual. The prosthetic socket is an assembly of components from groups of components that include (a) struts arranged longitudinally with respect to the residual limb, (b) proximal brim members arranged proximally to the struts and connected thereto; and (c) distal socket members disposed at the distal base of the prosthetic socket. The socket components within these groups may be modular in that they can vary with respect to dimensions and/or contours, and yet have common connecting features that permit assembly of the components together to form the prosthetic socket.

Abstract: A self-expanding stent is disclosed, the self-expanding stent having a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration. The self-expanding stent has three stent subunits, each including one or more longitudinally-oriented diamonds and one or more axially-oriented diamonds. The subunits are coupled together at a pivot joint. The longitudinally-oriented diamonds are configured to substantially hold their shape in both the expanded configuration of the stent and the collapsed configuration of the stent. The axially-oriented diamonds are configured to expand from the collapsed configuration to the expanded configuration. Expansion of the axially-oriented diamonds creates angulation between the stent subunits at the pivot joint. Thus, the stent can be inserted into a target location through a tubular catheter, once the stent is no longer constrained by the catheter, it will expand to an angled configuration.

Abstract: A bifurcation stent system includes a pair of self-expanding stents. Each stent has a C-shaped body section having a generally semicircular cross-section along its length and an O-shaped body section having a circular cross-section along its length. The stents are deployed in vivo such that the edges of the C-shaped body sections abut each other to form a tubular scaffold in a Y-shaped formation that conforms to the bifurcation. In order to connect the stents in vivo, the C-shaped body sections are configured to include a ball and socket connection there between. The C-shaped body sections align and abut to form a tubular scaffold that extends in the main vessel of the bifurcation, while the O-shaped body sections are tubular scaffolds that extend into the respective branch legs of the bifurcation.

Abstract: An electronic intravascular device is placed in tight contact with vessel walls and is used for electrical stimulation and/or electrical recording of the vessel wall and surrounding target tissue. The electrodes may operate via connectors interfacing them to external hardware or may incorporate electronics to allow wireless power, information transfer, and control. The device includes an internal skeleton, a flexible substrate attached to the exterior of the skeleton, at least one pair of electrodes located on the substrate, and power and control circuitry connected to the electrodes. The power and control circuitry may include connectors for direct powering of the electrodes or circuit elements for wireless powering of the device by RF-based, optical-based, ultrasound-based, piezoelectric, or vibrational energy harvesting methods.

Abstract: A stent and a securely-installed artificial valve replacement device having the same, the stent being of a cylindrical structure; the top of the stent is provided with a fixed ear (60); the fixed ear (60) has a neck portion (601) connected to the top of the stent, and a head portion (602) engaged with the fixed head of the stent; the head portion (602) has a bending structure for improving the overall radial thickness; and the artificial valve replacement device is comprised of a stent and a prosthetic valve fixed on the stent. The stent with a bending structure overcomes the problem of easily disengaging from the fixed head of the stent, while not affecting the release of the stent.

Abstract: Polymeric composite stents reinforced with fibers for implantation into a bodily lumen are disclosed.

Abstract: A delivery system for a living body indwelling member includes an elongated shaft portion, a stent disposed on a distal side of the shaft portion, and that is caused to indwell a living body, and contrast markers disposed on at least one side of a proximal side or a distal side of the stent, and that have a contrasting property. The contrast markers are arranged up to a position where the contrast markers do not overlap the stent in a separating direction away from the stent from a position where the contrast markers overlap the stent at an axial position of the shaft portion, or from a position where the contrast markers coincide with an edge portion of the stent. Bending rigidity of the contrast markers on the separating direction side is smaller than on a side where the contrast markers come close to the stent.

Abstract: The ergonomic protective shell device of the orthosis type includes a structure provided with a front end and a rear end. The structure has a shape widening from the front end to the rear end and is symmetrical along a longitudinal vertical median plane. The structure includes at least one cavity extending from one to the other of the ends. The cavity follows the widening shape and includes a narrowing in the area of the widened rear end. There are rigid support zones formed in the area of the widened rear end on each side of the narrowing of the cavity.

Abstract: A method for effecting neuromuscular mechanisms for treatment of specific non-restless leg syndrome, non-restless arms, and non-foot and leg cramps diseases, conditions, and/or illnesses utilizes a device for applying positive pressure to specific areas of the foot. Slight variations to the positioning and/or patient application of the device may be adopted to increase benefits for specific diseases, conditions, or illnesses. Such variations can include frequency or time intervals of use and variations in pressure and positioning of pressure.

Abstract: An orthopedic device includes a posterior shell with ankle and foot receiving portions. The foot receiving portion defines a plantar shell portion and side shell portions extending along first and second sides of the plantar shell portion and forming an open-ended toe portion. A toe protector portion is removably attached to the posterior shell at the open-ended toe portion and arranged to protect the toes of the user. The toe protector portion extends between the side shell portions and longitudinally along a length of the side shell portions. At least one inflatable bladder is disposed in at least the ankle receiving portions and at least one pump assembly is in fluid communication with the at least one inflatable bladder.

Abstract: An adjustable cervical collar is in the form of a u-shaped base with a front joined to a pair of rearwardly extending wings. Left and right chin supports are pivotally connected at their distal ends to the distal ends to of respective wings with a chin piece connected between the upper proximal ends of the chin supports. An adjustable latch is individually coupled between each wing and the lower proximal end of the associated chin supports. Preferably the latch is in the form of 1) an arcuate slot in each wing arranged around the respective pivot axis with a track formed on opposite sides of the slot and 2) a retractable locking pin carried by each chin support and movable within the respective slot, the locking pins adapted to engage the ribs in the respective track to releasably lock the chin support to the respective wing.

Abstract: A tissue retention system to assist in maintaining adipose tissue on a patient in a displaced position during a medical procedure to provide access to a body region of the patient includes a flexible anchor pad having a pad length and a pad width. The anchor pad may include a pad body with an adhesive surface thereon, the adhesive being configured to selectively adhere to a patient's skin. The anchor pad also may include an opposing first attachment surface facing away from the adhesive surface. The tissue retention system also may include a flexible tension member having a second attachment surface.

Abstract: A system for the production of a medical product, above all in the form of an ostomy bag, as well as a method for operation of such a system, uses a highly flexible modular system concept, in which individual feed lines for semi-finished products are provided. The feed lines can transfer semi-finished products to a main line in pre-assembled manner. In the main line, ultimate processing of the semi-finished products to produce the finished product or a further semi-finished product takes place, with the greatest possible work precision, in contrast to conventional systems that guide different film systems in different planes at a distance from one another, to allow pre-processing steps, before bringing the films together in one plane and welded to one another.

Abstract: An eyeball cooling module includes a cooling device and a heat dissipation unit. The cooling device generates a cooling stimulation to human eyeballs by absorbing heat from a first side in which the human eyeballs are disposed and dissipating heat to a second side opposed to the first side. The heat dissipation unit is disposed at the second side of the cooling device, and dissipates heat from the second side of the cooling device externally. Accordingly, cooling stimulation to eyeballs of a human may be generated to human eyeballs, fatigue of eyes and eyeballs may be relieved at home and eyeball fever may be reduced at hospitals.