Abstract: The present invention provides a method of inputting light into a core layer of a multimode optical waveguide. The optical waveguide includes an under-cladding layer; and the core layer formed so that at least a part of the core layer is adjacent to the under-cladding layer. The method includes inputting the light into the core layer so that a spot of the light at an input port-side end surface of the multimode optical waveguide completely includes an input port of the core layer; a spot area of the light at the input port-side end surface of the multimode optical waveguide is twice or more of an area of the input port of the core layer; and an angle of input range of the light at an input port end surface of the core layer is from 10° to 30°.

Abstract: An optical communication cable is provided. The optical communication cable includes an outer cable layer and a plurality of optical fiber bundles surrounded by the outer cable layer. Each optical fiber bundle includes a bundle jacket surrounding a plurality of optical fiber subunits located within the bundle passage. The plurality of optical subunits are wrapped around each other within the bundle passage forming a wrapped pattern. Each optical fiber subunit includes a subunit jacket surrounding a elongate optical fiber located within the subunit passage. The cable jacket, bundle jacket and subunit jacket may be fire resistant, and strength strands of differing lengths may be located in the bundles and the subunits.

Abstract: A breakout cable includes a polymer jacket and a plurality of micromodules enclosed within the jacket. Each micromodule has a plurality of bend resistant optical fibers and a polymer sheath comprising PVC surrounding the bend resistant optical fibers. Each of the plurality of bend resistant optical fibers is a multimode optical fiber including a glass cladding region surrounding and directly adjacent to a glass core region. The core region is a graded-index glass core region, where the refractive index of the core region has a profile having a parabolic or substantially curved shape. The cladding includes a first annular portion having a lesser refractive index relative to a second annular portion of the cladding. The first annular portion is interior to the second annular portion. The cladding is surrounded by a low modulus primary coating and a high modulus secondary coating.

Abstract: A fiber optic connection assembly for fiber to the home, comprising: a fan-out member; a multi-fiber optical cable having a first end introduced into the fan-out member and a second end extending out of the fan-out member; a multi-fiber optic connector connected to the second end of the multi-fiber optical cable; a plurality of single-fiber optical cables each having a first end introduced into the fan-out member and spliced with a respective one of fibers of the multi-fiber optical cable and a second end extending out of the fan-out member; and a plurality of single-fiber optic connectors connected to the second ends of the single-fiber optical cables, respectively; a plurality of first fiber optic adapters mated with the plurality of single-fiber optic connectors, respectively; and a plurality of outer shields each constructed to receive the connector and the adapter of a respective single-fiber optical cable therein, wherein the outer shield is hermetically fitted on the connector and the adapter of the re

Abstract: A fixture (44/244) is for forming a fiber optic array (10/110/210) that defines a plurality of discrete fibers (12) extending from a spaced-apart arrangement to a consolidated arrangement wherein the fibers (12) are layered next to each other for a further ribbonizing process. The fixture (44/244) includes a pair of contact blades (54/254) that are configured to slide along a direction transverse to the longitudinal axes of the fibers (12) for consolidating the fibers (12).

Abstract: A glasses holder including: a clamping unit for securing the glasses; a connection unit connected with the clamping unit and an optical device respectively, so that an eyeglass of the glasses secured by the clamping unit is parallel to an incident surface of optical lens of the optical device. The glasses holder is used for testing of related specs on TV performances, and can improve accuracy of test results.

Abstract: An alignment device, having two angular degrees of freedom is provided. The alignment device is adjustable such that it is suitable for aligning a first apparatus with respect to a second apparatus. The first apparatus may emit one or more of electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves and matter towards the second apparatus and for detection by the second apparatus. The first and second apparatuses may be disposed in a harsh environment such as is found in the vicinity of an industrial process stack. In some embodiments the first apparatus is a laser, preferably a tunable diode laser, and the second apparatus is a receiver incorporating a detector. In these embodiments the apparatuses may be used to perform laser absorption spectroscopy on a process gas flowing through an industrial process stack.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a positioning unit for an optical element in a microlithographic projection exposure installation having a first connecting area for connection to the optical element, and having a second connecting area for connection to an object in the vicinity of the optical element.

Abstract: Apparatuses for mounting an element are disclosed herein. In a general embodiment, the apparatus includes a mounting apparatus having a plurality of flexure arms positioned around an outer periphery of the mounting apparatus. The arms are for contacting an element when an element is positioned in the mounting apparatus. The apparatus also includes couplers configured for coupling the flexure arms together. The flexure arms apply a radial compressive force to an element when an element is installed in the mounting apparatus.

Abstract: According to one exemplary embodiment, a method for adjusting-free automatic focus includes: mounting a lens in a lens holder seat with an adhesion scheme; setting focus position of a scene of infinity distance located on a back plane passing through a sensor integrated circuits; and moving the lens a travel distance toward a scene, wherein an image of the scene focuses on a front plane of the sensor integrated circuits.

Abstract: A lens driver which has a high driving effectiveness and a compact form, and which does not require a precise assembling and a assembling time.

Abstract: A lens barrel of the present invention includes a first barrel member on which a first cam groove is formed and which is provided with a first cam follower, and a second barrel member on which a second cam follower to engage with first cam groove is formed, and which is provided with a second cam groove to engage with first cam follower, the second barrel member performing relative rotation and relative movement in an axis direction of the rotation with respect to the first barrel member.

Abstract: A lens barrel: an optical system; a focusing manipulation unit capable of changing a focal position of the optical system in a normal photographing area and in a macro photographing area where the focal position can be changed for an object located at a position shorter than a shortest distance position of the normal photographing area; a photographing mode switching unit for switching between a normal photographing mode and a macro photographing mode; and an index ring having a normal scale and a macro scale, the normal scale indicating an object distance in the normal photographing mode, and the macro scale indicating the object distance in the macro photographing mode. Then, the photographing mode switching unit switches a display position of the index ring between the normal scale and the macro scale, and the focusing manipulation unit changes the focal position displayed on the index ring by rotation manipulation.

Abstract: The autofocus device for a sample observation device provided with an objective is provided with a photodetector, an autofocus optical system that includes a tube lens, that guides light to one of two regions of a pupil plane of the objective that has been divided into two, and that guides light that has passed through the other region after being reflected by a sample to the photodetector, and a light shielding member which is arranged between the tube lens and a light receiving plane of the photodetector and on which an aperture has been formed. The autofocus device satisfies 2.1<?AP/(2·?LD), where ?AP represents a diameter of the aperture and ?LD represents a light flux diameter, on the light shielding member, of light reflected by the sample in a state in which the light is condensed on the light receiving plane.

Abstract: A zoom lens with a bent optical path includes, in order from the object side to the image side, a first lens unit including the reflecting member and having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, a third lens unit having a negative refractive power, and a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power. During zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end, the second lens unit moves closer to the first lens unit only toward the object side, the third lens unit moves in such a way that it becomes closest to the second lens unit at an intermediate focal length position in the course of zooming as compared to the state at the wide angle end and the state at the telephoto end, and the fourth lens unit moves. The zoom lens satisfies a certain condition.

Abstract: An optical imaging lens includes: a first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth lens element, the first lens element has a positive refracting power, the second lens element has a negative refracting power and an object-side surface with a concave part in a vicinity of its periphery, the third lens element has an object-side surface with a concave part in a vicinity of its periphery, and an image-side surface with a convex part in a vicinity of the optical axis, the fourth lens has an image-side surface with a convex part in a vicinity of the optical axis, the fifth lens element has object-side surface with a concave part in a vicinity of its periphery, and an image-side surface with a convex part in a vicinity of the optical axis, the sixth lens element has an image-side surface with a convex part in a vicinity of its periphery.

Abstract: An optical image capturing system, from an object side to an image side, comprises a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, and a sixth lens element. The first lens element has a positive refractive power and may have a convex object-side surface. The second through fifth lens elements has a refractive power and the object-side and image-side surfaces of these lens elements are aspheric. The sixth lens element has a negative refractive power and a concave image-side surface. The object-side surface and the image-side surface are aspheric, and at least one of the two surfaces has inflection points. The first through sixth lens elements has a refractive power. When specific conditions are satisfied, the optical image capturing system may has a large aperture value and a better optical path adjusting ability to acquire better imaging quality.

Abstract: A photographic lens optical system having low manufacturing costs and high performance. The system includes first through sixth lenses, which are sequentially arranged along a light proceeding path between an object and an image sensor where an image of the object is formed, wherein the first lens has positive refractive power and an incident surface convex towards the object, the second lens has positive refractive power and an incident surface convex towards the object, the third lens has negative refractive power and an emitting surface concave with respect to the image sensor, a fourth lens has positive refractive power and is a meniscus lens convex towards the image sensor, the fifth lens has negative refractive power and is a meniscus lens convex towards the image sensor, and the sixth lens has positive refractive power, wherein an incident surface and/or an emitting surface of the sixth lens is aspheric.

Abstract: A photographic lens optical system having low manufacturing costs and high performance. A lens optical system includes first through fifth lenses, which are sequentially arranged along a light proceeding path between an object and an image sensor where an image of the object is formed, wherein the first lens has positive refractive power and an incident surface convex towards the object, the second lens has negative refractive power and an emitting surface concave with respect to the image sensor, a third lens has positive refractive power and is a meniscus lens convex towards the image sensor, the fourth lens has negative refractive power and is a meniscus lens convex towards the image sensor, and the fifth lens has negative refractive power, wherein at least one of an incident surface and an emitting surface of the fifth lens is aspheric.

Abstract: An optical image capturing lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element and a fifth lens element. The first lens element with positive refractive power has a convex object-side surface. The second lens element has negative refractive power. The third lens element has negative refractive power. The fourth lens element with negative refractive power has a concave object-side surface and a convex image-side surface. The fifth lens element with refractive power has a concave image-side surface, wherein the fifth lens element has at least one inflection point formed on at least one surface thereof. Both of the object-side surface and the image-side surface of the fourth and fifth lens elements are aspheric. The optical image capturing lens assembly has a total of five lens elements with refractive power.

Abstract: A projection optical system including a plurality of positive lenses and a plurality of negative lenses is provided. Values for an Abbe number and anomalous dispersion of materials for a positive lens and a negative lens arranged in a predetermined range from an enlargement conjugate side and values for the Abbe number and the anomalous dispersion of materials for a positive lens and a negative lens arranged in a predetermined range from a reduction conjugate side are appropriately set.

Abstract: A radiation collector (141) comprising a plurality of reflective surfaces (400-405), wherein each of the plurality of reflective surfaces is coincident with part of one of a plurality of ellipsoids (40-45), wherein the plurality of ellipsoids have in common a first focus (12) and a second focus (16), each of the plurality of reflective surfaces coincident with a different one of the plurality of ellipsoids, wherein the plurality of reflective surfaces are configured to receive radiation originating from the first focus (12) and reflect the radiation to the second focus (16). An apparatus (820) shown in FIG.

Abstract: An ultra-compact microscope configured to image at least a portion of a biological sample is provided. The ultra-compact microscope includes an illumination source configured to provide illumination beams to image at least the portion of the biological sample. The ultra-compact microscope further includes an image sensor configured to acquire emitted signals from at least the portion of the biological sample. Moreover, the ultra-compact microscope includes an objective lens operatively coupled to the image sensor and configured to direct emitted signals from the biological sample to the image sensor. Additionally, the ultra-compact microscope includes a micro-motion control assembly operatively coupled to the image sensor and configured to provide dynamic translational motion, dynamic tilting motion, or both to the image sensor at least during scanning of the biological sample.

Abstract: The invention is a system and method to measure oil content in water utilizing the fluorescence of oil emitted under excitation by laser. Oil and water mixture is transferred through the system to a measurement section in a microscope, which produces high resolution 3-dimensional images of the oil and water mixture with the fluorescence. The images are analyzed to calculate the amount of oil in water and oil droplets distribution. The image is also analyzed to distinguish oil coated solids from oil droplets, and to calculate the sizes and volumes of the solids.

Abstract: A transmitted-light microscope for imaging well-shaped, liquid-containing sample vessels, wherein the transmitted-light microscope has an illumination beam path for illuminating the sample vessel with an illumination beam bundle, from above, along an optical axis, wherein the illumination beam path has an illuminating element aligned to the optical axis, which element irradiates the illumination beam bundle onto the sample vessel, an imaging beam path for imaging the sample vessel from below along the optical axis and a pipette access channel for introducing a reagent into the sample vessel, wherein the illuminating element is annular and has an opening on the optical axis through which opening runs the pipette access channel.

Abstract: A stage assembly for supporting articles, the stage assembly uses one or more intermediate stage modules. Each module has a plurality of compound radial flexures (CRFs), extending radially from a base or an intermediate stage module, and allowing rotational movement about a center axis. The CRFs each have a flat profile, with a long side of the profile aligned perpendicularly to the direction of rotation of the stage modules so that the CRFs have more flexibility in the direction of rotation than obliquely to the direction of rotation. Movement of a last of the stage modules results in deflection of the CRFs between each successive stage module, with partial movement of each stage module between the base and the last of the stage modules, the last of the stage modules provided as a primary stage module.

Abstract: Provided here are microscope objectives that include a first plurality of lenses positioned within the passageway on a sample end of the microscope objective and a second plurality of lenses positioned within the passageway and spaced apart from the first plurality of lenses and opposite the sample end such that the first plurality of lenses and the second plurality of lenses are aligned along an imaging axis and such that each individual lens is rotationally symmetrical about the imaging axis. Also included is a motor configured to move a carrier along the imaging axis to change a distance between each lens of first plurality of lenses relative to at least one lens of the second plurality of lenses.

Abstract: Accurate, reliable, and robust laser-based autofocus solutions are presented for through-the-lens microscope applications using slides or micro-titer plates. The laser-based autofocus solutions solve many of the problems that have arisen due to multiple reflective surfaces at varying distances relative to a sample of interest. The laser-based autofocus solutions provide a unique solution to resolve the ambiguity caused by these multiple reflective surfaces by using an image-based approach.

Abstract: An image pickup unit includes: a moving lens holding barrel that holds a moving lens constituting a part of an objective optical system and is disposed so as to freely advance and retract along a shooting optical axis O; a drive unit that generates a driving force for advancing and retracting the moving lens holding barrel along the shooting optical axis O in a fixed barrel; a flexible substrate disposed so as to urge the moving lens holding barrel in one direction orthogonal to the shooting optical axis O and bent so as to press a part of an outer surface of the moving lens holding barrel in the one direction to an inner surface of the fixed barrel; and a magnetism detecting portion detecting a relative position of the moving lens holding barrel from the fixed barrel according to magnetism of a position detecting magnet.

Abstract: A re-imaging optical system is an object side telecentric optical system and includes a front group having a positive refractive power, an aperture stop, and a rear group having a positive refractive power, in this order from the object side, wherein the rear group is composed of a positive lens disposed on the object side and a negative lens disposed on an image side, each of the positive lens and the negative lens is formed of a single lens or a cemented lens, and conditional expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied. Here, fR1 is the focal distance of the negative lens, f is the focal distance of an entire system, and and L is a total length from an object surface to an image surface: ?2.2<fR1/f<?0.79 ??(1) ?0.5<fR1/L<?0.15.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a 2D/3D switching apparatus and a display device. The 2D/3D switching apparatus includes a switching layer that includes a cylindrical lens grating and a cavity defined by a cylindrical curved surface of the cylindrical lens grating and a cover, a container for storing a transparent liquid that has a refractive index equal to a refractive index of a material of the cylindrical lens grating, and a vacuum pump respectively connected with the cavity of the switching layer and the container. The vacuum pump injects the transparent liquid from the container to the cavity of the switching layer, or injects the transparent liquid from the cavity to the container.

Abstract: A transparent waveguide, which is for use in tracking an eye that is illuminated by infrared light having an infrared wavelength, includes a volume Bragg grating type of input-coupler adapted to receive infrared light having the infrared wavelength and couple the received infrared light into the waveguide. The volume Bragg grating includes a lower boundary and an upper boundary that is closer to the output-coupler than the lower boundary. A k-vector angle of the volume Bragg grating at the lower boundary is greater than a k-vector angle at the upper boundary, with k-vector angles of the volume Bragg grating between the lower and upper boundaries gradually decreasing as distances decrease between grating planes of the volume Bragg grating and the upper boundary. Additionally, the volume Bragg grating preferably has an angular bandwidth that is no greater than 5 degrees.

Abstract: Provided is a display device characterized in that a display area can be prevented from appearing darker when the position of light-shielding sections are moved, while the control of voltages applied to electrodes is simplified. In the case where electrodes to which a specific voltage is applied are changed from a first electrode group (e.g., 52a) to a second electrode group (e.g., 52b, 58a, 58b), the voltage applied to the first electrode group is switched from the specific voltage to a reference voltage first, and thereafter, the voltage applied to the second electrode group is switched from the reference voltage to the specific voltage.

Abstract: A head-up display system includes a display unit including a projection unit configured to be positioned adjacent to a windshield, a display screen, and a controller. The projection unit is operable to project a current image generated by the controller onto a display screen. A position sensor is electrically coupled to the display unit and is operable to detect a position of an object with respect to the display unit. The controller is configured to dynamically update the current image based upon the position. A method of detecting an object is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical component for a display apparatus comprises an optical waveguide part (11) arranged to guide light therealong between surface parts thereof by internal reflection, an input part (13) arranged to receive light and direct the received light into the optical waveguide part, and an output part comprising a partially transmissive angularly reflective optical coating (25) arranged upon a surface part of the optical waveguide part. The output part is optically coupled to the input part by the optical waveguide part to receive guided light and to transmit some but not all of said guided light out from the optical waveguide part. The angularly reflective optical coating extends along a dimension of the optical waveguide part to expand the guided light in said dimension along the output part by repeated partial transmission thereof for output.

Abstract: A transmission type head mounted display includes an image display unit that displays an image and through which external scenery is transmitted, a position information acquisition unit that acquires position information of the head mounted display, a determination information acquisition unit that acquires determination information used to determine whether or not an image to be displayed on the image display unit will be displayed, an information transmission and reception unit that receives display information which is correlated with the acquired position information and includes determination information correspondence information, and a display image control unit that displays an image as the determination information correspondence information which is correlated with the acquired determination information and is included in the received display information on the image display unit in a case where the determination information is acquired.

Abstract: Provided is a low-cost display system with a small-sized shutter shielding an opening portion in an accommodation state. In a display system in which a display device displaying an image is located at different positions as a use position and an accommodation position, the display system includes a first shutter and a second shutter which are formed so that opening portions are wider than the display device. Here, when the display device is located at the use position, at least a part of the display device is located near the front surface of the first shutter and the second shutter and at least one of the first shutter and the second shutter is closed.

Abstract: The technology provides decoupling an aspheric optical element from a birdbath optical element in a near-eye display (NED) device. One or more aspheric lens are used with a spherical birdbath reflective mirror in a projection light engine of a NED device. A projection light engine provides image light (or other information), by way of the spherical birdbath reflective mirror and at least one aspheric lens, to a near-eye display of the NED device. The spherical birdbath reflective mirror collimates and reflects the image light to an exit pupil external to the projection light engine. Decoupling the aspheric optical element from the spherical birdbath reflective mirror may enable high modulation transfer function (MTF) and improved manufacturability of the projection light engine. The NED device having aspheric optical elements decoupled from a birdbath optical element may be positioned by a support structure in a head-mounted display (HMD) or head-up display (HUD).

Abstract: A virtual reality system includes a play ground defined within an actual space of a real world to have a predetermined area in which a user is actually movable, a head mounted device having a display for displaying an image of a virtual space formed corresponding to real objects in the play ground and worn by the user to surround both eyes, at least one sensor attached to a predetermined location in the play ground, the head mounted device and/or a body of the user to sense an actual location and/or motion of the user in the play ground, and a control unit for calculating an actual location and a facing direction of the user in the play ground according to a signal received from the at least one sensor, and controlling the head mounted device to display an image of the virtual space, observed at the actual location and in the facing direction of the user, on the display, wherein when the user wearing the head mounted device actually moves in the play ground, a feeling of actually moving in the virtual space i

Abstract: A head-mountable optical display apparatus includes a visor frame and a first image display device. The visor frame includes an upper band, a lower band, an outer surface, and an inner surface. The upper band is configured to be proximate to a user's head. The lower band is configured to be distal to the user's head. The outer surface and the inner surface extend from the upper band to the lower band. The outer surface is configured to face away from the user's head. The inner surface extends is configured to face toward the user's head. At least a portion of the inner surface is transparent to the user. The first image display device is disposed along the lower band. The first image display device is configured to display optical images within line of sight of the user.

Abstract: A video display device is provided with: a display element which modulates light from an illumination optical system, and displays video; and an ocular optical system for guiding video light from the display element into a pupil of an observer. The ocular optical system is provided with: an ocular prism which guides the video light therein; and a holographic optical element (HOE). The HOE is provided abutting the ocular prism, and is a volume-phase-type hologram which diffracts and reflects the video light guided inside the ocular prism. A surface of the ocular prism, said surface abutting the HOE, has a curvature of 0 in one direction, and has a curvature which is not 0 in a direction orthogonal to the one direction. The diffraction power of the HOE is not 0 in the one direction, and is 0 in the direction orthogonal to the one direction.

Abstract: There is provided a display apparatus including: a frame 20 that is mounted on a head part of a viewer; and an image display device 30 that is mounted on the frame 20. The image display device 30 includes (A) an image forming device 40, and (B) an optical system 50 that guides an image, which originates from the image forming device 40, into a pupil of a viewer. The image forming device 40 is curved along an X direction and/or a Y direction. The image display device 30 further includes an image-forming-device-to-optical-system distance adjustment unit 90 that adjusts a distance between the image forming device 40 and the optical system 50.

Abstract: A wearable apparatus includes a display panel in which a display portion is formed on a first face of a substrate, a housing, and a panel frame supporting the display panel and transferring heat from the display panel to the housing.

Abstract: A video projection device 001 includes a video generation section 041 that has a micro display element 003 which generates video and an illuminating optical system 002 which illuminates a micro display element; projection section 043 that project the video which is generated by the video generation section onto the eyes of a user through an eyepiece section; and a mechanical support section 042 that connects the video generation section to the projection section using a housing section. The mechanical support section includes at least one transparent area 011 that is surrounded by the housing section, and penetrates in a direction parallel to a direction in which the video from the projection section is projected. The illuminating optical system includes a light source that emits light in a plurality of wavelength bands, and a controller 440 that controls the output of the light source.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for generating laser radiation (3) having a linear intensity distribution (11), comprising a plurality of laser light sources for generating laser radiation (3) and optical means for transforming laser radiation (3) exiting from the laser light sources into laser radiation (14) that has a linear intensity distribution (11) in a working plane (9), wherein the laser light sources are constructed as fundamental mode lasers and the device is designed such that each of the laser beams (3) exiting from the laser light sources does not overlap with itself.

Abstract: Techniques are described for designing and manufacturing a surface that produces a desired image when illuminated by a light source. As described, the desired image may be decomposed into a collection of Gaussian kernels (referred to as Gaussians). A shape of a micropatch lens corresponding to each Gaussian may be determined, and the resulting micropatch lenses may be assembled to form a highly continuous surface that will cast an approximation of the desired image formed form the sum of a plurality of Gaussian caustics. The disclosed techniques may be used to create a design for a light-redirecting surface amenable to milling (or other manufacturing process).

Abstract: A six-primary solid state illuminator includes a first light source, a second light source, a third light source, a first photoluminescence device, a second photoluminescence device, and a multi-band filter. The first light source provides a light with a first wavelength. The first photoluminescence device under excited state provides a light with a second wavelength. The second light source provides a light with a third wavelength. The third light source provides a light with a fourth wavelength. The second photoluminescence device under excited state provides a light with a fifth wavelength. The light beams of the first light source, the second light source, and the first photoluminescence device are converted to a first primary combination after passing through the multi-band filter. The light beams of the third light source and the second photoluminescence device are converted to a second primary combination after reflected at the multi-band filter.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a display panel, a three-dimensional display device and manufacturing method thereof. The display panel comprises a plurality of display regions. At least one of the plurality of display regions is configured to display a first display picture, while the rest of the plurality of display regions are configured to display a second display picture. A frame of display picture comprises the first display picture and the second display picture. When the frame of display picture is displayed, the polarization direction of the first display picture is different from that of the second display picture. In the technical solutions provided by the present invention, it is unnecessary to arrange a liquid crystal cell on a display panel, so the production cost is reduced.

Abstract: A speckle reducing device includes: a polarization splitter element with a polarization splitter portion that splits incident light into first and second light containing a first and a second component respectively, which outputs the first and the second light along different directions; a first reflecting member that reflects the first light to reenter the polarization splitter element; a first conversion member disposed between the first reflecting member and the polarization splitter element, which converts the first light to third light containing the second component; a second reflecting member that reflects the third light to reenter the polarization splitter element; and a second conversion member disposed between the second reflecting member and the polarization splitter element, which converts the third light to fourth light containing the first component, wherein: the polarization splitter element outputs the second and the fourth light along one direction.

Abstract: A lens driver with camera shake reducing function in which the suspension wire will not easily undergo a plastic bending and the camera shake reducing function will not be degraded and the photographed image will not be deformed when mounting the lens or impacting the lens.