Abstract: A distance measuring apparatus includes: a light-emitting element that emits first to third pulsed beams; sensors that detect reflected light that is each of the pulsed beams reflected off an object, convert the reflected light into electrical signals, and accumulate the electrical signals over a predetermined exposure time; and a computing unit that derives a distance to the object using first to third signal amounts output by the sensors as a result of detecting, over the predetermined exposure time from first to third points in time, and the computing unit derives the distance to the object based on a first derived amount that is an amount derived using the first and second signal amounts and a second derived amount that is an amount derived using the second and third signal amounts.

Abstract: A marine multibeam sonar device comprises a processing element and a transmitter. The processing element generates a plurality of transmit transducer electronic signals and inverts a polarity of a first portion of the transmit transducer electronic signals. The transmitter is in communication with the processing element and includes a plurality of transmit electronic circuits and a plurality of transmit transducers. Each transmit electronic circuit receives and processes one of the transmit transducer electronic signals, wherein a first portion of the circuits re-inverts the polarity of the first portion of the transmit transducer electronic signals. The transmit transducers receive the processed transmit transducer electronic signals from the transmit electronic circuits and generate a sonar beam.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present application describes an apparatus for a radar system. The apparatus may include a vehicle with four radar units mounted on it. Each radar unit may be configured with a half-power scanning beamwidth and a respective broadside direction. The half-power scanning beamwidth of each radar unit may be configured to scan approximately 90 degrees. A first radar unit may have a broadside direction that is approximately 90 degrees from respective broadside directions of a second radar unit and a fourth radar unit. The second radar unit may have a broadside direction that is approximately 90 degrees from respective broadside directions of the first radar unit and a third radar unit. The third radar unit has a broadside direction that is approximately 90 degrees from respective broadside directions of the second radar unit and the fourth radar unit.

Abstract: A radar signal processor includes a baseband signal generator, which generates a baseband signal based on information from a received radar signal and a Lead-Lag filter, which filters the baseband signal to generate a filtered signal.

Abstract: A radar detection system that includes a signal transmitter, a signal receiver, a coupling module, two antennas and a switching module is provided. The coupling module includes a first and a second coupling paths each corresponding to a group of phase-shifting parameters. Under a first operation mode, the switching module connects the signal transmitter to the first coupling path to perform signal transmission from the two antennas along a first axis and connects the signal receiver to the second coupling path to perform signal receiving from the two antennas along a second axis. Under a second operation mode, the switching module connects the signal transmitter to the second coupling path to perform signal transmission from the two antennas along the second axis and connects the signal receiver to the first coupling path to perform signal receiving from the two antennas along the first axis.

Abstract: Provided is a radar signal processing method and apparatus, the method including transmitting a plurality of transmission radar signals through a transmission antenna, receiving a reception radar signal reflected from a target in response to the transmitting, and extracting location information on the target based on a result obtained by applying an auto-correlation to the reception radar signal.

Abstract: A system and method includes an array position sensing detector. The array position sensing detector includes a lateral effect position sensing detector element and a summing amplifier. The lateral effect position sensing detector element produces an output coupled with the summing amplifier through a switch.

Abstract: An image sensing apparatus sensing a user input and an operating method of the image sensing apparatus are disclosed, in which the image sensing apparatus may include an optical source operating based on a burst mode including a turn-on cycle and a turn-off cycle, and an image sensor configured to receive a reflected light using a pixel array and output sensing data of a position of an object in a target area in the reflected light.

Abstract: A method for determining a distance comprises: providing at least two phase measurements made with modulated light of different modulation wavelengths, each phase measurement being indicative of the distance up to an integer multiple of a respective modulation wavelength; providing a set of possible wraparound count combinations; for each one of the possible wraparound count combinations, calculating a combination of unwrapped phase hypotheses corresponding to the at least two phase measurements; and selecting a most plausible combination of unwrapped phase hypotheses among the combinations of unwrapped phase hypotheses and calculating the distance based upon the selected most plausible combination of unwrapped phase hypotheses.

Abstract: A method for measuring and registering three-dimensional (3D) coordinates by measuring 3D coordinates with a 3D scanner in a first registration position, measuring two-dimensional (2D) coordinates with a 2D scanner while moving from the first registration position to a second registration position, measuring 3D coordinates with the 3D scanner at the second registration position, and determining a correspondence among targets in the first and second registration positions while moving between the second registration position and a third registration position.

Abstract: A global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receiver includes radio frequency front end and digital processing functionality. Radio frequency front end includes radio frequency input; first variable gain amplifier adjusts first gain of first frequency range of first analog GNSS signal received from radio frequency input by first amount; and second variable gain amplifier adjusts second gain of second frequency range of second analog global navigation satellite system signal received from radio frequency input by second amount. Digital processing functionality compares first amount of adjustment of first gain of first frequency range with second amount of adjustment of second gain of second frequency range; and detects first interference signal present in first frequency range or second frequency range when first amount of adjustment of the first gain of first frequency range differs from second amount of adjustment of second gain of second frequency range by more than first threshold amount.

Abstract: An automated method is provided for suppressing spurious signals in a direct digital synthesized signal. To determine magnitudes of local oscillator (“LO”) feedthrough and image frequency signal components, a digitally synthesized RF signal is digitally analyzed. To reduce the magnitude of the LO feedthrough signal component for the LO feedthrough signal component, one or more first parameters of at least one digital-to-analogue converter is automatically adjusted following a first search pattern. To reduce the magnitude of image frequency signal component for the image frequency signal component, at least one second parameter of the at least one digital-to-analogue converter is automatically adjusted and at least one third parameter of a phase compensation network is automatically adjusted following a second search pattern. The automatically adjusting for the LO feedthrough signal component and for the image frequency signal component can be iterated.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods, apparatuses and computer programs for generating receiver-specific correction information for correcting pseudorange observations. The method comprises: receiving raw observations obtained by the NSS receiver observing NSS multiple frequency signals from a plurality of NSS satellites over multiple epochs; obtaining precise satellite information on: (i) the orbit position of each of the satellites, (ii) a clock offset of each of the satellites, and (iii) a set of biases associated with each of the satellites; estimating ambiguities in the carrier phase of the received raw observations, using the precise satellite information, or information derived therefrom; computing combination values based on the received raw observations together with the estimated ambiguities, to cancel out the effects of the geometry, the effects of the clocks, troposphere and ionosphere; and generating the correction information per satellite, based on the computed combination values.

Abstract: A position-sensitive radiation counting detector includes a first and a second substrate. A gas is contained within the gap between the substrates. A photocathode layer is coupled to the first substrate and faces the second substrate. A first electrode is coupled to the second substrate and a second electrode is electrically coupled to the first electrode. A first impedance is coupled to the first electrode and a power supply is coupled to at least one electrode. A first discharge event detector is coupled to one of the electrodes for detecting a gas discharge event in the electrode. The radiation counting detector further includes a plurality of pixels, each capable of outputting a gas discharge counting event pulse upon interaction with radiation received from the photocathode. Each gas discharge pulse is counted as having an approximately equal value.

Abstract: A method of measuring ionizing radiation may include the steps of: a) creating charged particles; b) causing the charged particles to generate the electrons; c) collecting at least a portion of the multiplied free electrons using at least two anode pads provided within the chamber, each anode pad producing a corresponding anode output signal, to provide higher sensitivity; and d) recording each anode output signal.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus comprises a sensor portion including a pixel array configured to acquire an image signal corresponding to radiation, and a plurality of detection elements arranged in the pixel array and configured to detect the radiation, and a readout circuit configured to read out the image signal from the sensor portion, wherein the readout circuit includes a signal processing circuit arranged to combine and process signals from the plurality of detection elements if determining the presence or absence of radiation irradiation, and to process a signal for each detection element or combine and process signals from a number of detection elements from among the plurality of detection elements, the number being less than the number of detection elements that include the plurality of detection elements, if determining a radiation dose.

Abstract: A customizable and upgradable imaging system is provided. Imaging detector columns are installed in a gantry to receive imaging information about a subject. Imaging detector columns can extend and retract radially as well as be rotated orbitally around the gantry. The gantry can be partially populated with detector columns and the detector columns can be partially populated with detector elements.

Abstract: In order to avoid complicated and unpredictable effects on the wavefields emitted by air guns activated at different times, methods and systems of the current disclosure are directed to computationally designing a sequence for activating subsets of air guns in a time distributed manner that minimizes the effects of air in the water surrounding the source. The sequence may be used with discrete and continuously recorded marine surveys.

Abstract: Marine vibrators and methods of use are disclosed. A marine vibrator may comprise a containment housing, where the containment housing comprises a marine vibrator internal volume, wherein the marine vibrator internal volume comprises a first gas at a first gas pressure. The marine vibrator may further comprise a sound radiating surface. The marine vibrator may additionally comprise a compliance chamber in contact with the first gas, wherein the compliance chamber comprises a chamber housing and a moveable structure, wherein at least the chamber housing and the moveable structure form a compliance chamber internal volume which holds a second gas at a second gas pressure, wherein the moveable structure is configured to move in response to a change in the first gas pressure, and wherein the compliance chamber is configured to condense the second gas in response to compression of the marine vibrator internal volume by the moveable structure.

Abstract: A method, including: obtaining an initial model of a subsurface property; simulating synthetic data from the initial model; obtaining recorded borehole seismic data, wherein the recorded borehole seismic data was obtained with a seismic source or receiver located in a well; and inverting, with a computer, the recorded borehole seismic data by full wavefield inversion, wherein the full wavefield inversion includes comparing the synthetic data to the recorded borehole seismic data, and computing a cost function, obtaining a gradient function from the cost function, wherein the gradient function is related to a change in the objective function with an incremental change in model parameters, using the initial model to compute an illumination function or a resolution function for seismic sources and receivers, and obtaining a conditioned gradient function by conditioning the gradient function with the illumination function or the resolution function.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for determining a seismic acquisition aperture are disclosed herein. In general, embodiments of the method utilize ray tracing with simulation of dip angles with virtual convex surfaces. In particular, embodiments of the method use the placement of a plurality of spherical convex surfaces around a subterranean region or area of interest. Further details and advantages of various embodiments of the method are described in more detail below.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable media are provided for processing seismic data. The method includes receiving a seismic data set associated with a domain, and calculating a seismic attribute associated with the domain from the seismic data set. The method also includes performing one or more mathematical morphology operations on the seismic attribute to generate a processed attribute associated with the domain.

Abstract: Determination of an impulse response at a subsurface image level can include extrapolation of an up-going pressure wavefield to a subsurface image level, extrapolation of a down-going velocity wavefield to the subsurface image level, and determination of the impulse response at the subsurface image level from a hypothetical seismic source by spectral division of the extrapolated up-going pressure wavefield by the extrapolated down-going velocity wavefield.

Abstract: Wavefield separation methods and systems that adjust near-continuous pressure and particle motion wavefields based on distance moved along a vessel track by the sensors when the wavefields were measured are disclosed. Methods and systems correct for the motion of the receivers in towed streamer seismic data in order to obtain a wavefield with approximately stationary-receiver locations. Wavefield separation may then be applied to the wavefield with approximately stationary-receiver locations.

Abstract: Systems and methods to correct source responses and perform source deghosting of a pressure or particle motion wavefield recorded using near-continuous recording of seismic data along a vessel track with generalize source activation times. The methods and systems receive a near-continuously recorded seismic data and generate a near-continuous wavefield for approximately stationary-receiver locations. Time windows of different temporal lengths are applied to traces of the near-continuous wavefield in approximately stationary-receiver locations in order to compute common-receiver gathers. The common-receiver gathers are corrected source wavefield response and source ghost effects and are combined in weighted sums to generate broadband seismic data.

Abstract: A method for marine seismic surveying includes separating up-going and down-going wavefields from seismic energy emitted by at least one marine seismic energy source. The separated up-going and down-going wavefields are propagated from the at least one marine seismic energy source to at least one of a water surface and a common reference depth. One of the up-going and down-going wavefields is phase shifted 180 degrees. The propagated, phase shifted up-going and down-going wavefields are summed.

Abstract: A method of performing notch compensation and a system to perform notch compensation for a first seismic streamer are described. The method includes disposing the first seismic streamer at a first depth, where the seismic streamer includes a first set of sensors to receive reflections resulting from a seismic source, the reflections indicating a notch at a frequency. The method also includes disposing a second seismic streamer at a second depth, the second depth being less than the first depth and the second seismic streamer including a second set of sensors to receive reflections resulting from the seismic source. The method further includes processing the reflections received by the first set of sensors and the second set of sensors together to derive the match filter, and applying the match filter to the reflections received by the first set of sensors of the first seismic streamer to compensate for the notch.

Abstract: Provided is a compact and lightweight electric field probe which has a transmitting/receiving function whereby piezoelectric crystals can be excited through the application of an alternating current electric field thereto, and piezoelectric effect signals can be detected with sufficient sensitivity. Also provided are a control system for the same, and a piezoelectric crystal detector. The electric near-field probe is provided with a capacitor, in which the space between two metal plates that are positioned parallel to each other is filled by a conductor or air, and a series resonance circuit, which has a prescribed resonance frequency and is connected in series to an inverter that is formed by winding a conductive wire around a toroidal core.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating a three-dimensional image of a proppant-filled hydraulically-induced fracture in a geologic formation are provided. The image may be generated by capturing electromagnetic fields generated or scattered by the proppant-filled fracture, removing dispersion and/or an attenuation effects from the captured electromagnetic fields, and generating the image based on the dispersion and/or attenuation corrected fields. Removing the dispersion and/or attenuation effects may include back propagating the captured electromagnetic fields in the time domain to a source location. The image may be generated based on locations at which the back propagated fields constructively interfere or may be generated based on a model of the fracture defined using the back propagated fields.

Abstract: A method to determine at least one formation property of a subterranean formation includes providing a downhole electromagnetic logging tool having at least one transmitter array and one receiver array and acquiring measurements in the formation using the transmitter and receiver arrays of the downhole electromagnetic logging tool. The method further includes performing a first inversion in response to the measurements, wherein at least one of dip or dip azimuth are assumed constant in an inversion zone within the formation to obtain an inverted formation model that comprises at least one of horizontal resistivity (Rh), vertical resistivity (Rv), dip, and dip azimuth. The method includes determining an n-th order partial derivative matrix of at least one of dip or dip azimuth, wherein n is greater than or equal to 1.

Abstract: Systems and methods for evaluating a composition of a formation. A method includes obtaining a first set of well-logging data, via an NMR system, of a formation, and obtaining a second set of well-logging data, via a second well-logging system, of the formation. The method also includes determining from the first set and from the second set a model of the composition of the formation. This model of the composition of the formation may identify materials not directly identifiable by the first set of well-logging data alone or by the second set of well-logging data alone.

Abstract: A method for obtaining formation measurements. The method includes deriving a pulse sequence and magnetizing a formation by applying a static magnetic field, via a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system, to the formation. The method further includes applying the pulse sequence by: a) measuring a first spin echo train after waiting a first time period; b) measuring at least two spin echo trains subsequent to the first spin echo train, where the at least two spin echo trains include a wait time shorter than the first time period; and c) repeating b at least two times. The method additionally includes determining a T1 and a T2 based on inversions of the measuring the first spin echo train, the measuring the at least two spin echo trains, or a combination thereof, to determine a formation measurement.

Abstract: An individual access control portal includes two panels or columns that define a through corridor, which panels or columns are equipped with sensors designed to detect substances or materials liable to be carried by individuals travelling through the portal, wherein the portal is equipped with a plurality of detection barriers distributed along the direction of passage through the portal and logic means attached to the plurality of barriers, firstly to determine from the series of activations of the barriers, the place and movement of an individual and secondly to establish the correlations existing between the movement of an individual and the signals output by the substance or material detection sensors.

Abstract: A method for correcting determined sulfur content in formations penetrated by a wellbore for sulfur in the wellbore includes determining an amount of sulfur from spectral analysis of gamma rays detected by a well logging instrument disposed in the wellbore. The gamma rays result from imparting neutrons into the formations. The method includes determining if strontium is present in fluid disposed in the wellbore. An amount of strontium is determined from the spectral analysis. A corrected sulfur content of the formation is determined based on the determined amount of strontium.

Abstract: A detection system for detection of natural resources beneath a target surface of an area under investigation comprising a calculation unit adapted to calculate an exploration map of likely locations of natural resources beneath the target surface of the investigated area by superimposing independent analytical maps of the investigated area generated by processing satellite images of the investigated area provided by satellites.

Abstract: Many embodiments provide a hybrid data processing system (HySDS) of an end-to-end geodetic imaging data system enabling near-real-time science, assessment, response, and rapid recovery. The HySDS may be an operation data processing system that integrates data from many different geodetic data sources and/or sensors, including interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), GPS, pixel tracking, seismology, and/or modeling, and processes the data to generate actionable high quality science data products. The HySDS may provide for an automated imaging and analysis capabilities that is able to handle the imminent increases in raw data from new and existing geodetic monitoring sensor systems.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for obtaining neutron population data of a subterranean formation with a downhole tool proximate the subterranean formation in a wellbore extending from a wellsite surface to the formation, wherein surface equipment is located at the wellsite surface. At least one of the downhole tool and the surface equipment is operated to generate a sigma log, determine moment data from the generated sigma log, determine a real quality control factor based on the determined moment data, and determine a theoretical quality control factor based on the generated sigma log. Comparing the determined real and theoretical quality control factors may then be utilized to assess accuracy of the generated sigma log.

Abstract: Systems and methods for identifying geological core areas by using one or more rock property metrics to construct a cumulative probability distribution and variance of the rock property metrics that may be used for ranking and identifying the geological core areas.

Abstract: Systems and methods for updating posterior geological models by integrating various reservoir data to support dynamic-quantitative data-inversion, stochastic-uncertainty-management and smart reservoir-management.

Abstract: A method for characterizing an interaction between a first particle and a second particle is provided. The method includes the steps of: (i) providing an optical trap system including a photonics-based trap, a light source, and a camera; (ii) optically trapping, using the photonics-based trap, the first particle; (iii) obtaining a first measurement of a trap stiffness of the photonics-based trap; (iv) introducing the second particle to the optically trapped particle; (v) incubating the first and second particles under conditions suitable for an interaction between the first and second particles; (vi) obtaining a second measurement of the trap stiffness of the photonics-based trap after the incubation; and (vii) determining, using the first measurement of trap stiffness and the second measurement of trap stiffness, a property of the interaction between the first particle and the second particle.

Abstract: A photocurable acrylate composition, containing a compound of formula (I) as a photoinitiator and the components adapted to the photoinitiator. The photocurable composition has very good storage stability and very high light sensitivity, can be cross-linked and cured at a very low exposure dose, and has a very good curing effect; a film made from the composition has a smooth edge, no defect and scum, and good integrity throughout the whole pattern, and is a high-hardness resist film, and an optical filter made therefrom has high optical transparency and no light leakage.

Abstract: There is provided an optical film comprising a (meth)acrylic resin as a main component, a compound represented by the specific formula, and a rubber elastic body, and a method of manufacturing an optical film through a solution film-forming method, in which the optical film is composed of a (meth)acrylic resin as a main component, and contains a compound represented by the specific formula and a rubber elastic body, and a polarizing plate protective film having the optical film, and a polarizing plate having the polarizing plate protective film, and a liquid crystal display device provided with the polarizing plate.

Abstract: A lens has an SWS on its surface. The SWS has base and a plurality of convex portions arranged on a surface of the base, and is made of a mixed material obtained by dispersing inorganic fine particles in an organic material. The average refractive index of the SWS varies from the refractive index of air to the refractive index of the base, from a tip of each of the convex portions to the base. The inorganic fine particles exist more in a surface portion of each of the convex portions than in an inner portion of the convex portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resin composition for a polarizer protective film, a polarizer protective film, a polarizing plate including the same, and a preparation method of a polarizing plate, and, more specifically, to a resin composition for a polarizer protective film and a polarizer protective film exhibiting high hardness and excellent properties, a polarizing plate including the same, and a preparation method of a polarizing plate. According to the polarizing plate of the present invention, it can be usefully utilized in various fields because of its excellent hardness, flexibility, and optical properties.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems, methods, and computer-readable media for machining materials are disclosed. For example, one embodiment of the present invention includes a method for machining a feature on a work piece along a curving tool path having the steps of controlling a relative translational movement between a tool table and the work piece along the curving tool path and controlling a corresponding angle of rotation of the tool table with respect to the work piece to maintain a substantially constant angle between the tool table and the corresponding relative translational movement between the tool table and the work piece along the curving tool path. In another embodiment, a computer-readable media includes code for a carrying out such a method.

Abstract: A display device includes a base, a display panel, a lens member, and a cover. The base includes a bottom plate and a sidewall perpendicularly extending from peripheral edges of the bottom plate. The sidewall includes an inner surface and an opposing outer surface. The display panel is received in the base and attached to the bottom plate. A gap is formed between the display panel and the inner surface. The lens member is attached to the inner surface and covers portions of the bottom plate corresponding to the gap. The lens member includes a bottom surface, an opposing light output surface, a first side surface, and an opposing second side surface. The first and second side surfaces are interconnected between the bottom surface and the light output surface. Striped protrusions are formed on the light output surface. The cover is supported on the base.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electromagnetic optical element which scatters radiation in a diffuse manner. Such optical elements can be used in nearly all projection applications including front and rear projection, display applications, (cinema) screens and similar. On the surface of a claimed optical element, a surface profile is provided, the surface structure of which is non-repeating and irregular. Elevations are formed that have a height by means of which a phase shift ?? may be achieved that is greater than two and a half times the longest wavelength used, and the elevations have a lateral extension in one plane respectively, in all axial directions, that is greater than five times the longest wavelength used. The individual elevations have a continuous form in the three spatial axial directions and said elevations are devoid of edges, ledges and fissures.

Abstract: A light diffusion film in which the angle of aperture of diffused light has been expanded effectively by forming, within the film, a predetermined columnar structure composed of pillar-shaped objects having a bent part and a region having a relatively low refractive index, and a method for manufacturing the light diffusion film are provided. Disclosed is a light diffusion film having a columnar structure in which plural pillar-shaped objects having a relatively high refractive index are arranged to stand close together in the film thickness direction in a region having a relatively low refractive index, and the plural pillar-shaped objects having a relatively high refractive index have a bent part in the middle of the pillar-shaped objects.

Abstract: Webbing for a pedestrian traffic control device is spooled in a cartridge, which can be mounted on a stanchion, cone mount or wall mount or other device. The webbing can be extended to another stanchion, cone mount, wall mount or other device in order to create a barrier. The webbing is reflective on two sides in order to provide more visibility and more safety.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a slit grating, a method for manufacturing the same and a display device. The slit grating includes an upper substrate, a lower substrate, an electric-controlled dielectric layer and a liquid composite layer arranged between the upper substrate and the lower substrate. The liquid composite layer consists of a light-shielding liquid and a light-transmitting liquid incompatible with each other. The electric-controlled dielectric layer has an electrically-induced light-shielding-liquid-philic or light-shielding-liquid-phobic property.