Abstract: A method and an apparatus for testing night vision are disclosed. At least one visual mark is presented to a test person having an open pupil from a distance of several meters. The visual mark is configured as a light point, and a visual impression of the test person is determined by means of the visual mark. The apparatus comprises means for opening a pupil of a test person, in particular a darkened room. An examination position for the test person and a presentation apparatus for visual marks arranged at a distance of several meters from the examination position are also provided. The presentation apparatus comprises at least one point-shaped light source. A light beam thereof is directed towards the examination position. Means are provided for determining a visual impression of the test person with the help of the visual marks.

Abstract: A semiconductor device embedded within a contact lens is provided. The semiconductor device may include a sensor that determines one or more properties associated with an analyte within fluid surrounding the contact lens, and a processing circuit that is coupled to the sensor. The processing circuit generates a signal associated with the one or more determined properties associated with the analyte. A power supply is coupled to the processing circuit for providing DC power to the processing circuit. A boost circuit coupled to the power supply may then increase the provided DC power of the power supply for transmitting the signal generated by the processing circuit. An antenna is coupled to the processing circuit for transmitting the generated signal, whereby the sensor, the processing circuit, the power supply, the boost circuit, and the antenna are contained on a single unpackaged semiconductor die.

Abstract: Angle multiplexed optical coherence tomography systems and methods can be used to evaluate ocular tissue and other anatomical structures or features of a patient.

Abstract: A device for measuring eye movement in a human subject comprises a housing, at least one stimulator mounted to the housing, and a sensor. The at least one stimulator is configured to provide stimulus to one or both eyes of the subject. The sensor is configured to collect information related to movement of one or both eyes of the subject. The device also includes a user interface that is configured to control the at least one stimulator and display information collected by the camera.

Abstract: A medical diagnostic instrument or a plurality of disparate medical diagnostic instruments are configured with a common optical architecture that functionally creates a virtual eye to create closer proximity to a patient and therefore increase the field of view in regard to a target of interest. The optical system includes a distal optical element, at least one relay lens and an eyepiece lens in which the optical system can be integrated within at least one instrument or be provided using a releasable module. Additionally, at least one of a viewing assembly and illumination assembly of at least one medical diagnostic instrument can be assembled using a series of components that are connected by interlocking features.

Abstract: A scanning laser ophthalmoscope includes: an irradiation optical system including a laser light source and an optical scanner; a light receiving optical system including first to third photo detectors; and a processor. The light receiving optical system includes a wavelength separator causing the light of a first wavelength range to be received by the first photo detector, the light of a second wavelength range to be received by the second photo detector, and the light of a third wavelength range to be received by the third photo detector. The processor generates a first fundus image on the basis of the light reception signal from the first photo detector, a second fundus image on the basis of the light reception signal from the second photo detector, and a third fundus image on the basis of the light reception signal from the third photo detector.

Abstract: Various embodiments of an eye imaging apparatus are disclosed. In some embodiments, the eye imaging apparatus may comprise a light source, an image sensor, a hand-held computing device, and an adaptation module. The adaptation module comprises a microcontroller and a signal processing unit configured to adapt the hand-held computing device to control the light source and the image sensor. In some embodiments, the imaging apparatus may comprise an exterior imaging module to image an anterior segment of the eye and/or a front imaging module to image a posterior segment of the eye. The eye imaging apparatus may be used in an eye imaging medical system. The images of the eye may be captured by the eye imaging apparatus, transferred to an image computing module, stored in an image storage module, and displayed in an image review module.

Abstract: Various embodiments of an eye imaging apparatus are disclosed. In some embodiments, the eye imaging apparatus may comprise a light source, an image sensor, a hand-held computing device, and an adaptation module. The adaptation module comprises a microcontroller and a signal processing unit configured to adapt the hand-held computing device to control the light source and the image sensor. In some embodiments, the imaging apparatus may comprise an exterior imaging module to image an anterior segment of the eye and/or a front imaging module to image a posterior segment of the eye. The eye imaging apparatus may be used in an eye imaging medical system. The images of the eye may be captured by the eye imaging apparatus, transferred to an image computing module, stored in an image storage module, and displayed in an image review module.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for remote monitoring. In some example implementations, there is provided a method. The method may include receiving, at a remote monitor, a notification message representative of an event detected, by a server, from analyte sensor data obtained from a receiver monitoring an analyte state of a host; presenting, at the remote monitor, the notification message to activate the remote monitor, wherein the remote monitor is configured by the server to receive the notification message to augment the receiver monitoring of the analyte state of the host; accessing, by the remote monitor, the server, in response to the presenting of the notification message; and receiving, in response to the accessing, information including at least the analyte sensor data. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for remote monitoring. In some example implementations, there is provided a method. The method may include receiving, at a remote monitor, a notification message representative of an event detected, by a server, from analyte sensor data obtained from a receiver monitoring an analyte state of a host; presenting, at the remote monitor, the notification message to activate the remote monitor, wherein the remote monitor is configured by the server to receive the notification message to augment the receiver monitoring of the analyte state of the host; accessing, by the remote monitor, the server, in response to the presenting of the notification message; and receiving, in response to the accessing, information including at least the analyte sensor data. Related systems, methods, and articles of manufacture are also disclosed.

Abstract: A wearable electronic device includes a signal capturing assembly and a holder. The holder includes a case defining a receiving slot configured for receiving the signal capturing assembly, a first connecting electrode, and a second connecting electrode. The first and second connecting electrodes protrude from a bottom surface of the case and are electronically connected to the signal capturing assembly. The first and second connecting electrodes detect vital signs of a user and transmit the detected vital signs to the signal capturing assembly.

Abstract: A wearable electronic device includes a signal capturing assembly and a wearable assembly. The signal capturing assembly is configured for detecting and processing vital signs from a user and defines at least one port. The signal capturing assembly includes a base, a first cover, a second cover, a third cover, a first electrode, and a core module. The first, second, third covers cover the base to form a receiving chamber to accommodate the core module. The first electrode is extended through the base and electronically connected to the core module The wearable assembly is detachably connected to the signal capturing assembly through the at least one port.

Abstract: A receiving device with intracorporeal current having a device for collecting, by capacitive coupling, an AC signal depending on a current that has passed through all or part of the body of a subject, a device for extracting data from the AC signal collected, and a device for extracting from the AC signal a biological signal generated by the body of the subject and modulating the amplitude of the AC signal.

Abstract: A measurement system may comprise a sensor wire and a transceiver unit. The sensor wire may comprise an insertable portion configured to be inserted in a blood vessel of a patient's body and a sensor disposed within the insertable portion at a distal end of the sensor wire. The sensor is configured to measure a parameter when inserted inside the patient. The transceiver unit may comprise: a housing adapted to be connected to a proximal end of the sensor wire; and a first communication module within the housing adapted to wirelessly communicate by a communication signal with an external second communication module in order to transfer information to the external second communication module.

Abstract: In part, the disclosure relates to systems for imaging a blood vessel using intravascular image data and extravascular image data and methods to calibrate such systems. In one embodiment, multiple calibration trials are performed to determine a plurality of time lag values. A minimum time lag value is used to align intravascular image data and extravascular time lag data in one embodiment.

Abstract: This is a wearable device to measure a person's food consumption based on the interaction between light energy and body tissue comprising: a wearable spectroscopic sensor that collects data concerning the spectrum of light energy reflected from body tissue or having passed through body tissue; a data processing unit; and a power source. Spectroscopic sensor data is analyzed to measure consumption of selected types of food, ingredients, and/or nutrients. This device can be embodied in a finger ring, smart watch, wrist band, wrist bracelet, armlet, cuff, or sleeve with close-fitting spectroscopic sensors.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus and methods for a neural implant are provided. In one embodiment, a neural implant that can both optically stimulate neurons and record electrical signals from neurons is provided, including a wide band gap semiconductor opto electronic microarray, such optoelectronic microarray including a plurality of needles, each providing both optical transparency and electrical conductivity; a flexible optical conduit from the optoelectronic microarray to an optical signal source; a flexible electrical conduit from the optoelectronic microarray to an electrical signal sensor; integration of the optical and electrical conduits to a single monolithic optical cable; a circuit assembly coupled to the electrical signal source and the optical signal source; and a processor for providing control of at least one of the electrical signal sensor and the optical signal source. Further embodiments are described herein.

Abstract: In a photoacoustic apparatus, a light source irradiates an inspection target with pulsed light; a detector detects acoustic waves generated in the inspection target due to interaction of the pulsed light with the inspection target, and outputs detection signals corresponding to the detected acoustic waves; a light-quantity measurement unit measures the quantity of the light output from the light source; and a signal processor obtains information on an inside of the inspection target by using the detection signals output from the detector. The signal processor also corrects intensities of the detection signals so as to suppress variations in intensities of the detection signals caused by a temporal change in the quantity of the light.

Abstract: A patient transfer device is utilized to transport infant patients between locations within a hospital environment. The patient transfer device includes a center, support section and a pair of side sections that can be moved into contact with each other to surround the infant patient. The first and second side sections each include a handle that can be brought into close proximity to each other and can be grasped by a single hand of a clinician. The patient transfer device includes a temperature sensor positioned to provide a temperature measurement of the patient when the patient is received on the patient transfer device. The patient temperature can be displayed on either an integrated display or wirelessly transmitted to an external display device. In this manner, the temperature of the infant can be continuously monitored during transport.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: A physical training test facilitating system utilizes a plurality of subject evaluation sensors in conjunction with a processing unit, body recognition software, exercise recognition software and exercise evaluation software to administer and produce an objective score for a physical training test. The sensors capture test subject data while the test subject is performing exercise routines, which is processed in order to recognize the exercise routines and evaluate them against exercise form evaluation standards.

Abstract: A heat monitoring instrument of the invention includes: an insertion portion for inserting into tissue of a subject; a distal end portion that constitutes a distal end portion of the insertion portion and receives and transmits heat of the subject into which the insertion portion is inserted; and a shape-memory portion that constitutes the distal end portion and changes shape due to the heat of the subject.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: The invention relates generally to data transfer of the heart rate and activity monitor arrangement. The arrangement includes heart rate monitoring elements for monitoring a user's heart rate, motion detection elements for monitoring the user's activity, control elements for obtaining data from the heart rate monitoring elements and from the motion detection elements, and transferring element including at least one transceiver. Further, the transferring element is arranged to transfer heart rate and/or activity data monitored by the heart rate and activity monitor arrangement to an external entity directly via a wireless cellular communications system.

Abstract: Measurement data of a blood vessel is generated based on a measurement result of the blood vessel obtained by a blood vessel diameter measurement unit, and a breathing period estimating section estimates a breathing period corresponding to a breathing cycle based on the measurement data. A blood pressure calculating section calculates blood pressure relevant to the blood vessel based on the measurement data. An average calculating section calculates the average of the blood pressure calculated by the blood pressure calculating section in the breathing period estimated by the breathing period estimating section.

Abstract: A biosignal determining device includes: an instruction output circuit which outputs a first instruction, a second instruction, and a third instruction to a user, the first instruction is for asking the user to perform an inhaling or exhaling motion to a limit, a second instruction is for asking the user to stop the motion, and a third instruction is for asking the user to perform a motion reverse to the motion to a limit; a detection circuit which obtains a first cardiography representing a potential difference between two electrodes disposed on a chest of the user, the first cardiography measured between a time when the second instruction is outputted and a time when the third instruction is outputted, and detects a plurality of peaks included in the first cardiography; and a determination circuit which determines whether the user has performed the motion asked in the first instruction to the limit depending on whether potential values of the plurality of peaks are included in a predetermined range.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods described herein can be used to monitor and treat cardiovascular disease, and more specifically, can be used to determine heart rate (HR), determine respiration rate (RR) and classify cardiac rhythms based on atrial intracardiac electrogram (IEGM) and atrial pressure (AP) signals. The atrial IEGM and AP signals are subject to spectrum transforms to obtain an atrial IEGM frequency spectrum and an AP frequency spectrum. Based on peaks in the atrial IEGM and AP frequency spectrums measures of HR and RR are determined, and arrhythmias are detected and/or arrhythmia discrimination is performed.

Abstract: In one implementation, an apparatus estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point is described. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector estimates temperature from a digital infrared sensor and determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer. In another implementation, a non-touch biologic detector determines vital signs from a solid-state image transducer and estimates body core temperature from an infrared measurement of an external source point using a cubic relationship between the body core temperature and the measurement of an external source point.

Abstract: A system is provided that furnishes expert procedural guidance based upon patient-specific data gained from surgical instruments incorporating sensors on the instrument's working surface, one or more reference sensors placed about the patient, sensors implanted before, during or after the procedure, the patient's personal medical history, and patient status monitoring equipment. Embodiments include a system having a surgical instrument with a sensor for generating a signal indicative of a property of a subject tissue of the patient, which signal is converted into a current dataset and stored. A processor compares the current dataset with other previously stored datasets, and uses the comparison to assess a physical condition of the subject tissue and/or to guide a procedure being performed on the tissue.

Abstract: A system and method is provided for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) that includes performing a labeling pulse to a labeling region having a first portion of a vascular system of a subject. The labeling pulse includes at least one excitation pulse and a slab-selective magnetic field gradient to saturate spins flowing from the labeling region and into an imaging region. The process also includes observing a delay period and performing an imaging pulse sequence to collect a label imaging data set from one or more views through the imaging region using an excitation pulse. The preceding is repeated with a TR selected to ensure that the spins flowing within the imaging region are kept substantially saturated during a majority of repetitions. The process also includes acquiring a non-labeling imaging data set without saturating spins and reconstructing an image using the labeling imaging data set and the non-labeling imaging data.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided for determining the speed of propagation of a pulse wave. The apparatus includes at least one pulse wave sensor positionable on a finger and a toe of a subject and a processing and calculation unit configured to determine the time that the pulse wave reaches the finger and the time that the pulse wave reaches the toe of the subject. The unit calculates a time value, designated “aortic transit time”, as a function of the difference between the times that the pulse wave reaches the toe or the finger of the subject, and calculates a speed, designated “aortic pulse wave velocity”, as a function of the aortic transit time. The calculation includes division of a value, designated “aortic length”, as a function of the height and age of the subject, by the aortic transit time.

Abstract: A system for monitoring physical activity, in which activity data for an individual is be captured and stored whether the activity takes place in a health club or away from the health club (e.g. outdoors). The proposed approach is to capture heart rate data using an individual heart rate monitor (e.g. a chest belt) that has inbuilt memory for storing the heart rate data. The data is uploaded from the belt to a database, preferably a database that is accessible over the Internet, via a receiver station that will typically be located in a health club where the user is a member.

Abstract: Apparatus for monitoring activation in a heart comprises a probe (100), a plurality of electrodes (101, 102) supported on the probe and each arranged to detect electrical potential at a respective position in the heart during a series of activations, and processing means (104) arranged to analyse the detected electrical potentials to identify a propagation direction of the activation, and to generate an output indicative of that direction.

Abstract: Wearable devices are described herein including a housing and a mount configured to mount the housing to a wrist of a wearer. The wearable devices further include first and second electrical contacts configured such that the first electrical contact is in contact with skin proximate of the wrist when the wearable device is so mounted. The second electrical contact is disposed on a surface of the wearable device away from the wrist such that, when the wearer contacts the second electrical contact with a finger or other element of the arm opposite the wrist, an electrocardiographic waveform of the wearer can be extracted from voltage fluctuations between the first and second electrodes. Such wearable devices can be used for periodic logging or other applications of the electrocardiographic waveforms of the wearer. Such logged electrocardiographic waveforms could be used to determine a medical or health state of the wearer.

Abstract: A wireless electrocardiogram (EKG) system having a plurality of wireless electrodes configured to wirelessly transmit EKG data to a display that is configured to display EKG data through a graphical EKG plot. Each wireless electrode includes a barcode thereon configured to allow a user to associate a set of wireless electrodes with a particular display. The display includes a barcode scanner, which is adapted to read and decode the barcode on each electrode to associate the electrode with the display. Each wireless electrode includes a housing configured to support an EKG sensor, a microprocessor adapted to process EKG signals from the EKG sensor for wireless transmission, and a wireless transmitter configured to transmit and encode EKG signals. The display includes a receiver configured to receive EKG data from the wireless transmitter and a microprocessor configured to generate the graphical EKG plot on the display.

Abstract: Method for locating a brain activity, including the following steps: a) applying to a subject a first series of sensory stimuli and acquiring, by a group of sensors, respective first series of signals representative of a brain activity associated with a first task effected or imagined by the subject in response to the sensory stimuli of the first series, each sensor being sensitive to the activity of a respective region of the brain of the subject; b) applying to the subject a second series of sensory stimuli and acquiring, by the group of sensors, respective second series of signals representative of a brain activity associated with a second task, different from the first task, effected or imagined by the subject in response to the sensory stimuli of the second series; and c) constructing, for each sensor, a multidimensional variable representative of the corresponding first and second series of signals, and determining a coefficient of correlation between the multidimensional variable and an observation vec

Abstract: The current subject matter relates to indicating extent and location of myocardial ischemia in a patient. Electrodes can be placed on a body of the patient. Signal amplifiers can receive orthogonal electrical signals from the electrodes via three bipolar leads. The signal amplifiers can amplify the signals and send the amplified signals to analog to digital converters. The analog to digital converters can convert the amplified signals to digital signals. A computing device can execute a data analysis application that can receive these digital signals, generate QRS complexes associated with these signals, generate depolarization vectors associated with these QRS complexes, and then determine changes in magnitudes and directions of these vectors. Based on the changes in magnitudes and directions, the data analysis application can determine and display extent and location of myocardial ischemia in the patient. Related apparatus, systems, methods, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: Transducer-based systems and methods may be configured to display a graphical representation of a transducer-based device, the graphical representation including graphical elements corresponding to transducers of the transducer-based device, and also including between graphical elements respectively associated with a set of the transducers and respectively associated with a region of space between the transducers of the transducer-based device. Selection of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause activation of the set of transducers associated with the selected elements. Transducer activation characteristics, such as initiation time, activation duration, activation sequence, and energy delivery characteristics, can vary based on numerous factors. Visual characteristics of graphical elements and between graphical elements can change based on an activation-status of the corresponding transducers.

Abstract: In a method for determining R-waves in an ECG signal, at least one reference ECG signal is measured, at least one reference breathing signal is measured, at least one reference R-wave is determined using the reference ECG signal and the reference breathing signal, at least one reference value is determined using the reference ECG signal and the reference breathing signal, at least one comparison rule is credited based on the at least one reference value, ECG signals are measured and breathing signals are measured in which R-waves are to be determined, the measured ECG signals and breathing signals are compared with the at least one reference value using the at least one comparison rule, and at least one R-wave is determined using the measured ECG signals and breathing signals.

Abstract: Microelectromechanical system are disclosed that include at least one electrode, microelectrode or combination thereof, wherein the at least one electrode comprises a carbon material, a glassy carbon material or a combination thereof. Contemplated systems are suitable for ?-ECoG arrays. Additional microelectromechanical systems are disclosed that include at least one electrode, microelectrode or combination thereof, wherein the at least one electrode comprises a carbon material, a glassy carbon material or a combination thereof; at least one substrate, surface, layer or a combination thereof, wherein the at least one electrode, microelectrode or combination thereof is disposed on, coupled with or otherwise layered on the at least one substrate, surface, layer or a combination thereof; and at least one bump pad, wherein the at least one electrode, microelectrode or combination thereof is coupled with the at least one bump pad via at least one conductive metal.