Abstract: Methods for monitoring ionic liquids using vibrational spectroscopy may involve contacting an infrared (IR) transmissive medium with the ionic liquid, recording an IR spectrum of the ionic liquid, and quantifying at least one chemical characteristic of the ionic liquid based on the IR spectrum. The IR spectrum may be recorded ex situ or in situ. Methods for controlling ionic liquid catalyzed processes are also disclosed, wherein a condition of the ionic liquid may be determined during such processes based on IR spectral analysis of the ionic liquid.

Abstract: A diesel fuel product with beneficial cold flow properties can be produced. A suitable feedstock for forming a diesel boiling range product can be hydrotreated to have a sulfur content of at least about 100 wppm and then dewaxed. This two stage process can allow for production of an arctic or winter diesel without use of high pressures. Optionally, a divided wall column fractionator can be used to allow a single separation stage to handle the effluent from both the hydroprocessing and the dewaxing stages.

Abstract: The invention describes a process for the production of middle distillate hydrocarbon bases from an ethanol feedstock that is produced from a renewable source that is obtained from biomass, comprising a stage for purification of said feedstock, a stage for dehydration of said purified feedstock into an effluent that is for the most part ethylene and comprises water, at least one stage for separating water, a first stage for oligomerization of the effluent that is for the most part ethylene into at least one olefinic effluent that comprises at least 80% by weight of olefins that have four or more carbon atoms, in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst that comprises at least one bivalent nickel compound, whereby a second oligomerization stage produces middle distillate hydrocarbon bases in the presence of an amorphous or zeolitic catalyst that has at least pore openings that contain 10 or 12 oxygen atoms, producing middle distillate hydrocarbon bases, and a fractionation stage.

Abstract: In an FCC process and system, a whole crude oil feedstock is directly converted into light olefins and other products. The feed is separated into a high boiling fraction and a low boiling fraction, and each fraction is processed in separate FCC downflow reactors. The catalyst, combined from both downflow reactors, is regenerated in a common vessel. The low carbon content in the catalyst particles from the low boiling fraction downflow reactor is insufficient to provide the necessary heat. By combining catalyst particles from the high boiling fraction having high carbon content helps to provide additional heat for regeneration.

Abstract: The invention provides an integrated process for processing heavy oil, wherein the integrated process at least comprises: solvent deasphalting is carried out for heavy oil material, and de-oiled asphalt phase is mixed with dispersing agent and then entered a thermal cracking reactor to undergo thermal cracking reactions. Upgraded oil can be obtained through the mixture of the de-asphalted oil and thermal cracking oil separated from thermal cracking reaction products. The solvent and heavy gas oil, which are separated from the thermal cracking reaction products, are respectively recycled back to the solvent deasphalting process as solvent and as mixed feed to remove asphaltene. The integrated process of the present invention solves the problems that solvent is difficult to be separated from asphalt with high softening point in solvent deasphalting process and hard asphalt is difficult to be transported.

Abstract: A method for gasifying biomass. The method includes: a) grinding the biomass, feeding the biomass into a gasifier while spraying superheated water vapor into the gasifier, controlling the gasifier at an operating temperature of 1200-1600° C., contacting the biomass with the superheated water vapor, desiccating, separating volatile matters, pyrolyzing, and gasifying the biomass to produce crude synthetic gas and ash; b) transporting the crude synthetic gas into a spray tower, quenching the crude synthetic gas by spraying water to cool down the crude synthetic gas to a temperature of 650-800° C., condensing a slag and a tar from the crude synthetic gas, dissolving and removing alkali metal oxides and part of acid gas to obtain primary synthetic gas; and c) cooling, dust removing, deacidifying, and desiccating the primary synthetic gas to transform the primary synthetic gas into clean synthetic gas.

Abstract: A system includes a gasification feed injector. The gasification feed injector includes a first injector portion configured to inject a first fuel at a first flow rate and a second injector portion configured to inject a second fuel at a second flow rate. The system also includes a fuel circulation system configured to circulate at least one fuel and supply the at least one fuel to the gasification feed injector and a controller configured to transition the gasification feed injector from injecting the first fuel to injecting the second fuel based at least on a pressure downstream of the gasification feed injector.

Abstract: A process and device for the gasification of liquid or fine-grain solid fuel materials with the aid of oxygenous, gaseous gasification agents in a reactor is described. Liquid slag is separated on the walls of the reactor. The synthesis gas is generated in a first reaction chamber arranged in the upper part of the reactor and the feedstock is fed to the upper part. Liquid slag precipitates on its lateral walls, with free downflow and no solidification of the slag surface. The lower side has a hole with a slag drop-off edge, from which the generated synthesis gas can be withdrawn in downward direction and the liquid slag can drop off the edge. A second chamber which is delimited by a water film is located under the opening and used to keep the synthesis gas dry and cool. A third chamber is adjacent to the bottom of the second and fed with water to cool the synthesis gas.

Abstract: A synergistic antimicrobial composition having two components. The first component is a hydroxymethyl-substituted phosphorus compound. The second component is one of the following biocides: hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine, 2,6-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl acetate or ortho-phenylphenol or its alkali metal or ammonium salts.

Abstract: The coal deactivation apparatus including: a separating device that separates out a portion of the beneficiated coal deactivated in the main treatment apparatus; a main evaluation apparatus into which the sample of the beneficiated coal separated out by the separating apparatus is supplied; a blower and heater that supply air at the evaluation temperature to the main evaluation apparatus; a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the air that has heat-treated the sample in the main evaluation apparatus; and a control unit that, when the temperature of the air is at or below the lower limit on the basis of information from the temperature sensor, determines whether or not the temperature of the process gas is at or below the lower limit and if the process gas temperature exceeds the lower limit, controls the heater to reduce the temperature of the process gas by a prescribed value.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of the invention provide a process of increasing the cetane number rating of a diesel oil feedstock. The process involves reacting a diesel fuel feedstock in liquid form with ozone in gaseous form in the presence of an alcohol having two or more carbon atoms and at least one polar solvent different from the alcohol, thereby forming an ozonated diesel oil containing oxidized byproducts, wherein the alcohol and said polar solvent are employed in amounts totaling no more than about 10 vol. % of the feedstock. The oxidized byproducts are then separated from the ozontated diesel oil to produce a hydrocarbon product of increased cetane number rating relative to the feedstock oil. The product can be used as a diesel fuel or as a diesel fuel extender mixed with conventional diesel fuel of low cetane number.

Abstract: A process for improving MRV performance and decreasing wax crystallization in a lubricating oil, comprising: replacing between about 5 to 60 wt % of a base oil or base oil blend with between about 5 to 60 wt % of a Group II base oil. A resultant multigrade engine oil affords a Mini-Rotary Viscosity (MRV) at ?30° C. of less than 60,000 mPa·s with no yield stress. The multigrade engine oil, comprising: (a) between about 10 to 30 wt % of a Group II base oil and (b) between about 40 to 60 wt % of a Group I paraffinic base oil characterized by: (i) a VI from about 98 to 104, and (ii) a kinematic viscosity from about 4.5 to 5.5 cSt at 100° C., and (c) an additive package.

Abstract: A galling-resistant threaded tubular component for drilling or operating hydrocarbon wells includes at one of its ends a threaded zone produced on its external or internal peripheral surface depending on whether the threaded end is male or female in type, with at least one portion of the threaded zone being coated with a dry film with a crystalline structure with a high specific surface area principally constituted by one or more mineral salts which are not reactive towards metals, and a process for coating such a component using a dry mineral film with a crystalline structure having a high specific surface area principally constituted by one or more mineral salts which are not reactive towards metals.

Abstract: A calcium complex grease composition is disclosed. The grease composition has a high dropping point and a suitable thickness and is stable to heat.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a method of processing oil, comprising providing a high shear device comprising at least one rotor and at least one complementarily-shaped stator configured to mix a gas with a liquid; contacting a gas with an oil in the high shear device, wherein the gas is an inert gas or a reactive gas; and forming a product, wherein the product is a solution, a dispersion, or combination thereof. Herein also disclosed is a high shear system for processing oil, comprising; at least one high shear device, having an inlet and at least one rotor and at least one complementarily-shaped stator configured to mix a gas with a liquid; a gas source fluidly connected to the inlet; an oil source fluidly connected to the inlet; and a pump positioned upstream of a high shear device, the pump in fluid connection with the inlet and the oil source.

Abstract: A reactor is used for degumming vegetable oil to increase yield and reduce phosphatides. The reactor includes an annular obstruction with multiple circumferential spacers that form ring gaps around a center body having a tapered surface. The circumferential spacers and ring gaps form decompression stages for explosively mixing the oil with degumming agents. Impurities are transferred to the degumming agents and further separation of the components can be carried out to produce a refined oil product.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to novel cyclopentanols and their unexpected advantageous use thereof in enhancing, improving or modifying the fragrance of perfumes, colognes, toilet waters, fabric care products, personal products, and the like.

Abstract: Natural oil based fatty acid wax compositions and their methods of making are provided. The methods comprise providing a natural oil, and hydrogenating and metathesizing the natural oil, and then converting the hydrogenated metathesized natural oil to obtain a fatty acid wax comprising free fatty acids and/or salts of fatty acids, glycerol and/or alcohol, and paraffin, wherein the fatty acid wax has at least 50 wt % of carbon chain compositions with at least 18 carbon atoms. The compositions may comprise 85-100 wt % long-chain fatty acids, 0-15 wt % esters, wherein the fatty acid comprises between 15-60 wt % long chain di-acids and 40-85 wt % long chain mono-acids. The compositions may comprise about 50-100 wt % long-chain fatty acids and about 0-50 wt % esters, wherein the fatty acid may comprise between about 15-80 wt % long chain di-acids and about 20-85 wt % long chain monoacids.

Abstract: A method for softening laundry employs a softening composition, which includes at least one thickener containing a cationic polymer obtained by polymerization: of a cationic monomer; of a monomer with a hydrophobic nature, of formula (I): wherein R1=H or CH3 R2=alkyl chain having at least 16 carbon atoms X=O, m?5, y=z=0, or X=NH, m?z?5, y=0, or X=NH, m?y?5, z=0, of a nonionic monomer.

Abstract: The present application relates to a visually perceivable image-forming dye scavenging article capable of absorbing and/or inhibiting transfer of fugitive dyes released during laundering, the article comprising (i) a support substrate with an imprint of an image on at least one surface of the substrate; (ii) at least one dye scavenging compound fixably adhered to the imprinted image; (iii) optionally, a film forming agent; (iv) optionally, a cross-linking agent; (v) optionally, a rheology modifying agent; and (vi) optionally, a catalyst to accelerate the polymerization reaction. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing the article and use of the same.

Abstract: A cleaning composition comprises the reaction product of A) a chelating component and B) an acidic component different from the chelating component. The chelating component is selected from the group of methylglycine-N—N-diacetic acid (MGDA), N,N-bis(carboxymethyl)-L-glutamate (GLDA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and mixtures thereof. The chelating component is generally a salt or a partial-salt of the respective acid, e.g. Na3.MGDA. The B) acidic component and the A) chelating component are reacted in a molar ratio (B:A) of from about 6:1 to about 1:6 to form the reaction product. The cleaning composition further comprises a surfactant component in addition to the reaction product.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coated lenticular or disc detergent particle having perpendicular dimensions x, y and z, the particle comprises: (i) from 40 to 90 wt % surfactant selected from: anionic surfactant; and, non-ionic surfactant; (ii) from 1 to 40 wt % water soluble inorganic salts; (iii) from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt % dye, wherein the dye is selected: from anionic dyes; and, non-ionic dyes; and, (iv) from 0 to 3 wt % of perfume, wherein the inorganic salts and the dye are present on the detergent particle as a coating and the surfactant is present as a core.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coated lenticular or disc detergent particle having perpendicular dimensions x, y and z, wherein x is from 1 to 2 mm, y is from 2 to 8 mm and z is from 2 to 8 mm, wherein the particle comprises: (i) from 40 to 90 wt % surfactant selected from anionic surfactant and non-ionic surfactant; (ii) from 1 to 40 wt % water soluble inorganic salts; and (iii) from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt % dye, wherein the dye is covalently bound to from 1 to 4 sulphonate groups, wherein the inorganic salts and the dye are present on the detergent particle as a coating and the surfactant is present as a core.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coated lenticular or disc detergent particle having maximum perpendicular dimensions x, y and z, wherein x is from 1 to 2 mm, y is from 2 to 8 mm, and z is from 2 to 8 mm, wherein the particle comprises: (i) from 40 to 90 wt % surfactant selected from: anionic surfactant; and, non-ionic surfactant; (ii) from 1 to 40 wt % water soluble inorganic salts; and, (iii) from 0.0001 to 0.1 wt % dye, wherein the dye is selected from: anionic dyes; and non-ionic dyes, wherein the inorganic salts are present on the detergent particle as a coating and the surfactant and the dye are present as a core.

Abstract: The present invention relates to both stable liquid laundry cleaning compositions and dry powdered laundry cleaning compositions with good solubility in water. More particularly, this invention relates to a concentrated soap-based formulation to be mixed with a limited quantity of water in a mixing container to render an amount of dilute liquid laundry cleaning solution with lasting stability and good cleaning properties.

Abstract: Water-soluble pouches comprise water-soluble films coated by a composition. The composition comprises silica flow aid and an absorbent material selected from the group consisting of zeolite; over-dried zeolite; talc; starch; zinc stearate; calcium stearate; micronized calcium carbonate; sodium carbonate; micronized sodium sulphate; and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Systems and methods for fractionating whole stillage from an ethanol production facility are provided. Whole stillage undergoes a separation of its liquid portion (thin stillage) from the solid portion (fiber cake). In some embodiments, the solids and liquids in whole stillage may be separated utilizing a screening centrifuge. The fiber cake may be dried to generate a high fiber animal feed. The thin stillage may be provided to a three-phase separator for separation into an oil emulsion, an aqueous clarified stillage, and a protein paste. The protein paste may be dried to generate a high protein animal feed with greater than about 45% protein content. The clarified thin stillage is condensed to yield a syrup with greater than around 60% solids. The oil emulsion is subjected to a pH adjustment to liberate the oil from the emulsion, which is then separated.

Abstract: A disposable container for fluid having an inlet and an outlet is provided. The container has a vortex breaker having a solid surface adapted to initially direct fluid away from the outlet and then through the outlet positioned adjacent the container outlet.

Abstract: A multilayered cell culture apparatus for the culturing of cells is disclosed. The cell culture apparatus is defined as an integral structure having a plurality of cell culture chambers in combination with tracheal space(s). The body of the apparatus has imparted therein gas permeable membranes in combination with tracheal spaces that will allow the free flow of gases between the cell culture chambers and the external environment. The flask body also includes an aperture that will allow access to the cell growth chambers by means of a needle or cannula. The size of the apparatus, and location of an optional neck and cap section, allows for its manipulation by standard automated assay equipment, further making the apparatus ideal for high throughput applications.

Abstract: A filter apparatus comprises a filter having first and second opposed surfaces. A first reservoir is positioned adjacent with the first surface and in communication with the first surface, and a first inlet-outlet port is in communication with the first reservoir and spaced from the first surface. A second reservoir is positioned adjacent the second surface, and in communication with the second surface, and a second inlet-outlet port is in communication with the second reservoir and spaced from the second surface. A filter plate system comprises a reservoir plate. The reservoir plate comprises at least one reservoir well. The filter plate system further comprises a strainer plate. The strainer plate comprises at least one strainer well, which is removably receivable in the reservoir well. The strainer well comprises at least one mesh wall portion.

Abstract: A buoyant device containing chromatography media performs the function of protein harvesting replacing the steps of cell separation and volume reduction; the device can be loaded into columns for further purification.

Abstract: Methods for cultivating photosynthetic microorganisms are described. The method includes the steps of injecting a liquid culture medium into a photosynthetic reactor according to a controlled flow rate, injecting a gas into the reactor according to a controlled flow rate through a gas injector of the reactor so that the gas injected through the gas injector moves up to as far as the exhaust by circulating in the reaction pipe, in a direction of circulation from the low end to as far as the high end of the reaction pipe, circulating the liquid culture medium with the circulation device, and controlling the circulation device and the gas injector in order to establish in at least one substantially horizontal reaction section of the reaction pipe gas/liquid two-phase flow conditions of the laminated flow or slug flow or elongated bubble flow type.

Abstract: The present invention comprises a process to produce organic products from a single-carbon substrate; microbial compositions used in the process; and a process to isolate microorganisms for the process.

Abstract: To provide a cell culture method capable of sustaining in-vivo functions for a long time by suppressing dedifferentiation. A cell culture method in accordance with the present invention is to culture cells in a multi-layered state in a minute partitioned space and to obtain a tissue structure having a function resembling an in-vivo function. When the cells are mammary gland epithelial cells, a hollow acinus-like structure can be formed. The minute partitioned space is particularly preferably a micro container in a cell culture container having a plurality of such micro containers on the surface.

Abstract: A method of generating a CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cell, the method includes administering at least one complement antagonist to a naive CD4+ T cell at an amount effective to substantially inhibits C3a receptor (C3aR) and/or C5a receptor (C5aR) signal transduction in the CD4+ T cell, induce TGF-?1 expression of the CD4+ T cell, and induce differentiation of the of the naive CD4+ T cell into a CD4+FoxP3+ Treg cell.

Abstract: Provided is a factor capable of inducing enucleation, which is a final stage of erythrocyte differentiation, within a short time. More particularly, provided are a method of inducing enucleation, which is a final stage of erythrocyte differentiation, within a short time by adding a compound derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) to an undifferentiated (nucleated) erythrocyte, and an enucleation inducer including the compound.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for decellularizing bone, e.g., human bone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to equine amniotic fluid-derived multipotent stem cells (Eaf-MSCs) and a preparation method thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to equine amniotic fluid-derived multipotent stem cells which exhibit all negative immunological characteristics with respect to the human markers, CD19, CD20, CD28, CD31, CD34, CD38, CD41A, CD62L, CD62P and CD200, and exhibit all positive immunological characteristics with respect to the human markers, CD44, CD90 and CD105, and have the ability to differentiate into ectoderm, mesoderm or endoderm-derived cells.

Abstract: De-differentiation protocols are described herein for generating progenitor cells from adult connective tissue, in particular adult human fibroblasts. The de-differentiation protocols described herein comprise culturing the differentiated cells with an amount of FGF2 to de-differentiate the cells. These de-differentiated cells may then be cultured and used for experimentation, amplification and clinical applications. The clinical applications include the use of the cells for tissue and cell based therapies.

Abstract: Methods for generating human endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells under defined conditions in the absence of VEGF are described. Wnt/?-catenin signaling is activated in human pluripotent stem cells for a defined period, e.g., by inhibition of Gsk3, and then cultured without further exogenous activation of Wnt/?-catenin signaling to obtain a cell population containing human endothelial cells.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of using tissue engineered blood vessels to repair and regenerate blood vessels of patients with vascular disease are disclosed.

Abstract: To produce quinolinate effectively, a L-aspartate oxidase variant that the feedback regulation by nicotinic acid or NAD is released, and a microorganism including the L-aspartate oxidase variant are provided. Quinolinate may be effectively produced by culturing of the microorganism including the L-aspartate oxidase variant.

Abstract: Methods of treating a tumor in a subject include identifying a subject having, at risk for, or suspected of having a tumor, and administering to the subject an effective amount of an SRPX.

Abstract: A modified beetle luciferase protein which is an environmentally sensitive reporter protein is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions and formulations containing a TATk-CDKL5 fusion protein. Also disclosed are methods of producing a TATk-CDKL5 fusion protein from vectors containing a TATk-CDKL5 cDNA and methods of transducing cells with the vectors containing a TATk-CDKL5 cDNA and the TATk-CDKL5 fusion protein.

Abstract: Disclosed are mutant DNA polymerases having increased 3?-mismatch discrimination relative to a corresponding, unmodified polymerase. The mutant polymerases are useful in a variety of disclosed primer extension methods. Also disclosed are related compositions, including recombinant nucleic acids, vectors, and host cells, which are useful, e.g., for production of the mutant DNA polymerases.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the endonucleases capable of cleaving a target sequence located in a “safe harbor loci”, i.e. a loci allowing safe expression of a transgene. The present invention further concerns the use of such endonucleases for inserting transgenes into a cell, tissue or individual.

Abstract: The invention features plant acyl-ACP thioesterase genes of the FatB class and proteins encoded by these genes. The genes are useful for constructing recombinant host cells having altered fatty acid profiles. Oleaginous microalga host cells with the new genes or previously identified FatB genes are disclosed. The microalgae cells produce triglycerides with useful fatty acid profiles.

Abstract: New highly functionalizable Huprine derivatives of formula I: and a method for preparing such compounds and their use for treating neurological diseases in which the level of acetylcholine is affected such as Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The invention provides for the use of a therapeutic derived from a truncated lipoprotein lipase protein (LPL S447X), including nucleic acids encoding such proteins, for the treatment of conditions including LPL responsive conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, LPL deficiency, high triglyceride levels, low HDL-cholesterol levels or atherosclerosis.