Abstract: A target air amount for achieving a requested torque is back-calculated from the requested torque using a virtual air-fuel ratio. The virtual air-fuel ratio is changed from a first air-fuel ratio to a second air-fuel ratio in response to a condition for switching an operation mode from operation in the first air-fuel ratio to operation in the second air-fuel ratio being satisfied. After the virtual air-fuel ratio is changed from the first air-fuel ratio to the second air-fuel ratio, an interval of time passes and the target air-fuel ratio is then switched from the first air-fuel ratio to a third air-fuel ratio that is an intermediate air-fuel ratio between the first air-fuel ratio and the second air-fuel ratio. The target air-fuel ratio is temporarily held at the third air-fuel ratio, and is thereafter switched from the third air-fuel ratio to the second air-fuel ratio.

Abstract: A system and method of controlling the hydraulic dwell time between a first injection and a second injection performed by a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine are disclosed, in which the injector is equipped with a needle operated by a control valve. A value of a nominal electric dwell time between the first injection and the second injection is determined. An actual instant of hydraulic closing of the fuel injector after the first injection is also determined. A corrected electric dwell time is calculated as a function of the nominal electric dwell time and the actual instant of hydraulic closing of the fuel injector after the first injection. The fuel injector is operated using the corrected electric dwell time.

Abstract: An engine assembly includes a cylinder block having at least one cylinder. The engine assembly includes at least one cylinder head coupled to the cylinder block, and at least one intake port coupled to the cylinder head, at least one exhaust port coupled to the cylinder head, and at least one fuel injector coupled to the cylinder head. The engine assembly includes a head cooling extension protruding from the cylinder head. The head cooling extension includes at least one extension wall and defines an extension cooling passageway at least partially enclosed by the at least one extension wall. The extension cooling passageway is at least partly disposed between the exhaust port and the fuel injector in order to create a thermal barrier between the fuel injector and the exhaust port when the coolant flows through the extension cooling passageway.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a cylinder case forming a cylinder bore having a centerline and an inner bore surface. A piston disposed within the cylinder bore forms a crown surface. A region defined between the piston and the cylinder bore in a radial direction has an annularly shaped mouth opening surrounding the crown surface. A cylinder head is disposed to cover an open end of the cylinder bore such that a variable volume is defined within the cylinder bore between the cylinder head and the piston. The cylinder head also forms a flame deck in fluid contact with the variable volume. A deflector structure forms a portion of the inner bore surface adjacent the flame deck surface, and is disposed between the flame deck and a topmost ring seal groove of the piston when the piston is at a TDC position.

Abstract: A galleryless piston for an internal combustion engine is provided. The piston has a monolithic piston body including an upper wall forming an upper combustion surface with first and second portions. The first portion extends annularly along an outer periphery of the upper wall and the second portion includes a combustion bowl. The first portion can also include valve pockets formed therein to reduce weight. The upper wall has an undercrown surface directly opposite the second portion of the upper combustion surface. To enhance cooling, a center portion of the undercrown surface is concave, such that oil is channeled during reciprocation of the piston from one side to the opposite side of the piston.

Abstract: A cylinder block includes a first bank, a second bank, and a press-fitting portion. The first bank and the second bank are arranged in positions offset from each other in a cylinder arrangement direction. The press-fitting portion is provided straddling a first end surface of the first bank and a second end surface of the second bank. The press-fitting portion has a hole. The first end surface protrudes in a direction in which the press-fitting portion protrudes in the cylinder arrangement direction, with respect to the second end surface. A thickness of the press-fitting portion in a radial direction of the hole at a first portion that is connected to the first end surface is thinner than a thickness of the press-fitting portion in the radial direction of the hole at a second portion that is connected to the second end surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sealing system consisting of a first part and a second part and at least a passage opening extending in both parts, in particular a passage opening for fluids such as hot combustion gases from combustion engines as well as a corresponding metallic flat gasket such that the sealing system comprises or consists of a first part and a second part with the first part and the second part being compressed against each other at a joint contact surface and comprising at least one passage opening in the contact surface, which protrudes into the first and/or second part, an annular groove, which is delimited by the first and the second part and which encircles the passage opening, with the first and second part in the area at least radially outside of the groove come to rest one on the other.

Abstract: A carburetor comprises a rotation-typed control valve which opens or closes a second bleed air passage according to an opening degree of the throttle valve. The control valve includes an upper end portion of a valve stem, and in a projection plane orthogonal to an axis of an aspirating channel, a first bleed air passage is arranged on one side of the valve stem, an upstream-side passage portion starting from the control valve of the second bleed air passage is arranged on an upper side of the aspirating channel, a downstream-side passage portion starting from the control valve of the second bleed air passage is arranged on the one side of the valve stem, and a downstream end of the downstream-side passage portion is connected to a midway portion of the first bleed air passage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to improved systems and methods for providing a catalyst to an internal combustion engine. To this end, the systems and methods described herein may redirect a measured flow of pressurized air from an existing engine air flow through a catalyst reservoir to create a catalytic aerosol or mist. The aerosol or mist may be reinjected or delivered to the air intake of an engine. In various embodiments, the systems and methods disclosed herein utilize an existing engine air flow to produce a catalytic aerosol and/or mist rather than utilizing electric pumps or Venturi draws. Air flow may be controlled, adjusted, and/or optimized based upon an engine to which the disclosed systems are coupled based upon one or more passive flow control components (e.g., filters, restrictors, orifices, and/or valves).

Abstract: A cooling system for an engine is provided. The cooling system includes an EGR device including an EGR passage for recirculating exhaust gas into an intake passage, an EGR valve for adjusting a flow rate of the recirculating exhaust gas, and an EGR cooler for cooling the recirculating exhaust gas, an EGR valve controller for controlling the EGR valve, coolant flow paths including a first flow path and a second flow path and where coolant circulates, a coolant pump for circulating coolant within the coolant flow paths, a flow rate control valve for adjusting a flow rate of the coolant through the second flow path, a temperature detector for detecting a coolant temperature within the first flow path, and a valve controller for adjusting a flow rate control valve opening based on the detected temperature.

Abstract: A two-stage changeover valve is provided in a vaporized fuel passage connected between a fuel tank and a canister. A valve member is movably accommodated in a fluid passage formed in a valve housing. A valve seat is formed at an inner peripheral wall of the valve housing, so that the valve member is operatively seated on the valve seat. A restricted communication hole is formed in the valve member, so that an upstream side and a downstream side of the valve member are communicated with each other, even when the valve member is seated on the valve seat. The restricted communication hole is formed in a Laval-nozzle shape, so that vaporized fuel passing through the restricted communication hole is accelerated. As a result, a process for depressurizing inner pressure of the vaporized fuel in the fuel tank can be carried out in a shorter time.

Abstract: A filter element assembly includes a filter body and an auxiliary filter. The filter body includes a sidewall around a hollow core. Further the filter body and auxiliary filter are both received and held on a support including a base and a cage.

Abstract: A filter element assembly includes a filter body and an auxiliary filter. The filter body includes a sidewall around a hollow core. Further the filter body and auxiliary filter are both received and held on a support including a base and a cage.

Abstract: An air intake system is disclosed. The air intake system may have an air box. The air box may be configured to receive air from an ambient. The air intake system may also have a filter assembly disposed within the air box. The filter assembly may be configured to clean the air. In addition, the air intake system may have a duct. The duct may have a first duct end configured to receive the air exiting the filter assembly. The duct may also have a second duct end configured to deliver the air to the engine. The second duct end may be located at a gravitationally higher position than the first duct end.

Abstract: There is provided an intake manifold of a multicylinder engine capable of facilitating homogenization of concentration distribution of EGR gas in intake air and distribution of EGR gas into respective cylinders.

Abstract: An intake air control apparatus of an engine includes a housing having an intake air inflow passage for receiving external air, an exhaust gas inflow passage for receiving recirculated exhaust gas, and an intake air supply passage for supplying the external air from the intake air inflow passage or the exhaust gas from the exhaust gas inflow passage to the engine. A motor gear rotates together with an output shaft of the motor. A connection gear is engaged and rotates together with the motor gear. A recirculation gear is engaged and rotates together with the connection gear. A recirculation valve opens and closes the exhaust gas inflow passage since the recirculation valve rotates together with the recirculation gear. An intake air gear is engaged and rotates together with the connection gear. An intake air throttle valve opens and closes the intake air inflow passage.

Abstract: An intake air control apparatus of an engine includes an Intake manifold configured to guide intake air into a plurality of engine cylinders. A plurality of first intake air passages communicate with the cylinders. A plurality of second intake air passages are disposed in parallel with the first intake air passages and communicate with the cylinders. An Intake throttle shaft passes through the first intake air passages. An intake air throttle valve is disposed inside the first intake air passages, rotates with the Intake throttle shaft, and opens/closes the first intake air passage. A swirl throttle shaft passes though the second intake air passages. A swirl throttle valve is disposed inside the second intake air passages, rotates together with the swirl throttle shaft, and opens/closes the second intake air passages. An actuator rotates selectively the Intake throttle shaft and the swirl throttle shaft. A controller controls the actuator.

Abstract: A fluid injector includes a valve structure movable in the passageway between a first position and a second position. The valve structure includes a hollow tube having a longitudinal axis and a valve member connected to an end of the tube by a weld, with a weld zone being defined inside of the tube generally adjacent to the weld. The tube has surfaces defining a through-hole that is disposed transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube. The through-hole permits the fluid to enter an interior of the tube. Corrosion prevention structure is disposed in the tube between the through-hole and the valve member to prevent the fluid in the tube from accessing the weld zone.

Abstract: A distal end portion of an injector is fitted into a mounting member. A fuel joint having a connecting pipe portion is connected to a proximal portion of the injector. A joint pressing member which restricts the displacement of the fuel joint in the direction away from the mounting member is fixed by fastening to the mounting member. The injector is fixed to the mounting member by restricting the displacement of the fuel joint by the joint pressing member.

Abstract: In order to provide a connecting device for connecting two components which enables two components to be connected in a reliable and noise-reducing manner, it is proposed that the connecting device include the following: a decoupling element; a sleeve for accommodating and guiding a connecting element, wherein the sleeve includes a base body which includes the following: a hollow cylindrical guidance section in which a connecting element is guidable; an axially limiting section which projects outwardly away from the guidance section in a radial direction; a radially outward limiting section which adjoins the axially limiting section and which together with the guidance section and the axially limiting section forms an annular seating section for accommodating the decoupling element.

Abstract: A fuel supply apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a low-pressure fuel injection mechanism, a high-pressure fuel injection mechanism, a low-pressure fuel pump, a high-pressure fuel pump, a first pulsation damping element, and an orifice. The first pulsation damping element is provided in a passage, located on. the high-pressure fuel pump-side, in a “fuel pipe interposed between the high-pressure fuel pump and the low-pressure fuel injection mechanism. The orifice is provided in the passage, located on the low-pressure fuel injection mechanism-side relative to the first pulsation damping element, in the fuel pipe.

Abstract: A diesel fuel pump includes a cylinder provided to a housing, and a plunger configured to form a cylinder chamber in conjunction with the cylinder by being reciprocably provided to the cylinder. The plunger compresses fuel inside the cylinder chamber when the plunger moves in one direction during a reciprocating motion, and introduces the fuel into the cylinder chamber when the plunger moves in another direction. A ball-type non-return valve includes: a spherical ball; a valve seat having a through-hole provided with a truncated side surface-shaped inner surface; and a compression coil spring provided inside the cylinder chamber, and having one end portion in contact with the ball and another end portion in contact with the cylinder. A value of a winding diameter of the compression coil spring is reduced at the one end portion.

Abstract: A method of controlling fuel delivery to an engine includes providing a fluid atomizer, a mechanically driven air compressor, a start up air source, and an air valve coupled between the mechanically driven air compressor and the start up air source, charging the start up air source, delivering compressed air from the start up air source to the fluid atomizer, providing an initial air/fluid mixture with the fluid atomizer, and operating the air valve to direct compressed air from the mechanically driven air compressor to the fluid atomizer.

Abstract: A system for automatically adjusting the temperature and carbon monoxide level in an occupied passenger compartment of a vehicle includes sensors for sensing carbon monoxide levels, temperature, and occupants in the passenger compartment. A controller receives input from the sensors, and activates an electric heater or an electric cooler to bring the temperatures within the passenger compartment within a predetermined temperature range if the temperature detected within the passenger compartment falls outside of the predetermined range of temperatures. The controller may automatically shut off the engine of the vehicle when the vehicle is in idle and the carbon monoxide level within the passenger compartment falls above a predetermined level, or if a transmission lever of the vehicle is placed in a park position. A motor generator unit coupled to the engine provides electricity to rechargeable batteries of an alternate power unit, which powers the electric heater and the electric cooler.

Abstract: An electrical induction motor may include nine terminals configured to receive nine current inputs from nine output phases of a nine phase inverter. The motor may include nine windings connected to the nine terminals, and a plurality of contactors, wherein each of the plurality of contactors may be selectively opened or closed in a circuit including the nine windings to selectively connect the windings together in one of a mesh configuration or a star configuration. Each of the windings may be selectively connected between two of the nine current inputs, with a phase angle difference between the two current inputs of 40 degrees. Each of the contactors may be selectively opened or closed to establish a span value for the mesh configuration of two, with two being the number of inverter output phases between a terminal of one of the nine windings and a terminal of another of the nine windings connected to the one of the nine windings.

Abstract: An electrical induction motor includes a plurality of windings, and a plurality of contactors. Each of the plurality of contactors is configured to be selectively opened or closed in a circuit including the plurality of windings to selectively connect the windings together in a star configuration wherein current flowing through the windings results in the generation of 2N magnetic poles, with N equal to the number of phases of the motor. Each of the plurality of contactors is also configured to be selectively opened or closed in the circuit including the plurality of windings to selectively connect the windings together in a mesh configuration wherein current flowing through the windings results in the generation of two magnetic poles.

Abstract: Methods for installing blades of a wind turbine are provided. The method comprises: providing a blade holder, wherein the blade holder comprises a connection element adapted to be attached to a mounting surfaces and a lifting equipment attachment, the blade holder being provided with a steering mechanism. Then, the blade holder is attached to the blade. The blade holder is hoisted with the blade towards the rotor hub with lifting equipment. The blade holder is attached to the mounting surface of the hub using the connection element. The rotor hub is rotated using the weight of the blade holder and the blade to a first desired position for mounting the blade to the rotor hub. The blade holder is detached from the hub. Then, the blade may be mounted to the rotor hub. A wind turbine blade holder for holding a blade and for use in lifting the blade is also provided.

Abstract: A counterweight system for a wind turbine is provided. The wind turbine comprises a rotor hub positioned on a wind turbine tower such that the rotor hub is configured to rotate around an axis, the rotor hub comprising one or more mounting surfaces, the counterweight system comprising: The system comprises a beam comprising a connection element adapted to be attached to the mounting surfaces, the beam being provided with a first steering mechanism adapted to control an orientation of the beam with respect to the connection element. Furthermore, the system comprises a counterweight mass coupled to the beam. Moreover, methods for installing blades to a rotor hub of a wind turbine are also provided.

Abstract: A rotor blade of a wind energy plant having a main component of the blade and a blade tip, whereby the blade tip is releasably attached to the main component by means of a connection device and the connection device has a tip section attached to the blade tip and a base section attached to the main component of the blade to receive the tip section, whereby the tip section has at least one fastener that extends to the base section for attaching the tip section to the base section, and the fastener for performing the attachment can be actuated through an opening in the surface of the blade tip.

Abstract: A wind turbine includes a turbine housing, a turbine wheel system housed in the turbine housing, and a wind power converting system for converting kinetic energy generated by the turbine wheel system into electrical energy. The turbine wheel system includes a turbine rotor being driven to rotate circumferentially around an interior of the turbine housing, and a rail frame guiding a rotational movement of a turbine rotor. The wind turbine not only allows airflow to move across and through the turbine wheel system but also allows airflow to be directed and exhausted to maximize and control energy generation. The wind turbine is able to efficiently convert wind power to electrical power via a turbine wheel system which allows for the load generated to be distributed across the circumference of the turbine wheel system instead of localized in the center as the traditional wind turbine.

Abstract: A wind farm having a central wind farm control unit, a plurality of wind energy installations and a data bus for coupling the central wind farm control unit to the plurality of wind energy installations is provided. Each of the wind energy installations has a control unit which is configured to control the operation of the wind energy installation independently of the central wind farm control unit if a fault occurs in the central wind farm control unit and/or a fault occurs on the data bus. The control unit is configured to successively switch off the respective wind energy installations.

Abstract: A wind turbine rotor shaft arrangement comprising a shaft supporting wind turbine blades and a non-rotating first housing structure (mounted to a wind turbine nacelle framing) along with a first rolling bearing supporting (in a first axial direction) the shaft to the first housing structure at a first support point. The first rolling bearing is a self-aligning bearing comprising a first inner ring, a first outer ring and a set of rolling elements interposed therebetween. Each roller is asymmetric, having a curved raceway-contacting surface contacting at least one of the curved inner/outer raceways of the first inner/outer ring, respectively. A contact angle between each roller and the respective raceway is inclined respective to the shaft radial direction. A non-rotating second housing structure (mounted to the wind turbine nacelle framing) supports the shaft. A second rolling bearing supports the shaft by the second housing structure at a second support point.

Abstract: A wind power gearbox includes two oil chambers for receiving oil, each of the oil chambers having an opening to allow passage of oil. A pipe connects the two oil chambers to one another and has ends arranged in the openings of the chambers, respectively. The openings have each a conicity with an inner cone, which opens away from the oil chamber, with the ends of the pipe having a corresponding conicity with an outer cone. At least one static sealing element is arranged between the inner cone of the openings and the outer cone of the pipe ends for providing a seal.

Abstract: A wind turbine blade is described having a lightning protection system, wherein the lightning protection system is arranged to protect conductive elements or modules used in or on the blade. In one aspect, the lightning protection system comprises a conductive band to be arranged around the circumference of the blade at the location of an internal conductive module, to prevent a lightning strike from penetrating the blade and potentially damaging the internal module. In another aspect, the lightning protection system comprises a lightning down-conductor having a signal-carrying structure, e.g. a signal cable, power cable, or a waveguide, integrated into the down-conductor. In a further aspect, the lightning protection system comprises at least one lightning receptor arranged to protect externally-mounted antennas from lightning strikes.

Abstract: A method for creating a propulsive forced based on modifying the angular momentum of rotating masses by varying the radius of rotation of same.

Abstract: A heat/acoustic wave conversion component includes a partition wall that defines a plurality of cells extending from a first end face to a second end face and mutually converts heat exchanged between the partition wall and the working fluid and energy of acoustic waves resulting from oscillations of the working fluid. Hydraulic diameter HD of the heat/acoustic wave conversion component is 0.4 mm or less, where the hydraulic diameter HD is defined as HD=4×S/C, where S denotes an area of a cross-section of each cell perpendicular to the cell extending direction and C denotes a perimeter of the cross section. The heat/acoustic wave conversion component has an open frontal area at each end face of 60% or more and 93% or less. The partition wall has arithmetic surface roughness (Ra) at the surface of 3 ?m or more and 20 ?m or less.

Abstract: An electrochemical actuator drive system and method that provides for full control of an electrochemical pump system having at least three electrochemical actuators, including two valve actuators, and one pump actuator. The driving circuit is based on a standard H-bridge driving circuit wherein part of the circuit is shared among actuators. Because the system only needs to operate either the pump actuator or one of the valve actuators at any given time, part of the H-bridge driving circuit can be shared among the three actuators, thereby permitting the use of four half-bridge driving circuits.

Abstract: The dual function bicycle air hand pump has functions of bicycle air pump and exerciser. The piston of the dual function bicycle air hand pump has installed a piston which has an off-center threaded canal, which can be closed either by a one-way valve threaded tube and or by a bolt. By simply exchanging the one-way valve threaded tube with a bolt and vice versa, the dual function bicycle air hand pump can be used as a bicycle air pump or an exerciser. When one-way valve threaded tube is used to close the off-center threaded canal of the piston the dual function bicycle air hand pump can be used as an air pump to pump air into a bicycle tire. When a bolt is used to close the off-center threaded canal the dual function bicycle air hand pump can be used as an exerciser for the training of muscles. It is very easy to exchange the one-way valve threaded tube with a bolt and vice versa.

Abstract: An air compressor includes an internal combustion engine for driving an air compressing part that generates compressed air, which is stored in an air-storage tank. At a point in time when the air pressure inside the air-storage tank has increased to a first set pressure, the supply of fuel to the engine is cut off, thereby stopping the engine and the combustion of fuel. At a point in time when the air pressure inside the air-storage tank has decreased from the first set pressure to a second set pressure, a starter motor is started up to resume the operation of the engine.

Abstract: In the case of a compressor for generating a pressure medium, in particular for dispensing a tire sealing agent from a vessel, wherein a piston (6, 6.1) is arranged in a pressure chamber (7) so as to be movable along an axis (3) and said piston (6, 6.1) is assigned a motor (1) which effects the movement of the piston (6, 6.1), it is the intention for a drive shaft (2) of the motor (1) to be arranged in the axis (3) of the piston (6, 6.1) or parallel thereto.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a linear compressor are provided. The apparatus and method may identify a kind of motor of a linear compressor, based on an output which may be measured by applying a test signal to the linear compressor, and may control the linear compressor depending on the identified kind of motor. The apparatus and method may diagnose whether the linear compressor has broken down, and thus, the kind of motor may be autonomously identified without a separate device or a measurement operation, control suitable for a characteristic or characteristics of the motor may be accurately and efficiently controlled, and maintenance, repair, and inspection of the linear compressor may be simply and easily performed.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a dual purpose getter container are provided. In certain embodiments, an atomic sensor device comprises a sensor body, the sensor body enclosing an atomic sensor; a getter container coupled to an opening in the sensor body, wherein a first opening in the getter container is coupled to the opening in the sensor body; and a second opening located on the getter container, wherein gas within the sensor body can pass through the second opening. Further, the device may include a getter enclosed within the getter container, the getter coating surfaces of the getter container, such that gas within the sensor body can enter the getter container and contact the getter.

Abstract: A trigger-boosting pulling device includes an elongate shank, which receives a backward ram to slidably fit thereon, a suction cup, which is fixed to a rear end of the elongate shank, a hand-operating pump structure, which is fixed to a front end of the elongate shank and includes a T-shaped pull grip that is connected by a connection bar to a piston assembly. The connection bar includes a spring fit thereon for position restoration of the pull grip. The pump cylinder includes a handle mounted thereto. The handle has a trigger that is arranged to drive, via a connection lever, the connection bar. As such, the T-shaped pull grip can be first pulled to induce a suction force to reach an initial level and then the handle is held by a hand and the trigger is pulled to drive the connection lever for doubling the force so as to induce enhanced vacuum suction force in the suction cup.

Abstract: Provided is a cooling spray device using a piezoelectric element, comprising an air spray body having a space part formed by coupling, to be airtight, upper and lower layer surfaces formed of resin and/or metal material and provided with a disc-type piezoelectric plate having the piezoelectric property to cross the space part, thereby dividing the space part into first and second chambers, wherein, at least one air pathway for connecting the space part to the outside so as to make air flow into or out from the space part is formed at one side of the air spray body, an air separation film formed by protruding towards the air pathway so as to separate air to be sucked in from air to be discharged is formed at one side of the piezoelectric plate.

Abstract: A pump arrangement having a unit which comprises a material with a magnetocaloric action, an arrangement of conduits which are in the region of the unit and through which a liquid or gaseous heat-conduction medium flows and a pump system operating according to travelling-wave principles.

Abstract: A system and method of monitoring operating parameters of a reciprocating compressor are provided. The system includes a piston head assembly including a piston head body, at least one sensor positioned within the piston head body, and an electrical power source positioned within the piston head body. The electrical power source is configured to provide electrical energy to the at least one sensor.

Abstract: A portable hydration system, including first and second control assemblies. The first control assembly includes: a pump with an input arranged to connect to a fluid supply; a control unit configured to receive a wireless signal and control operation of the pump according to the wireless signal; and at least one power supply for the pump and the controller. The second control assembly includes: a wireless transmitter arranged to transmit the wireless signal; and a switch arranged for mounting on a vehicle and to control operation of the wireless transmitter.

Abstract: A liquid ring screw pump includes a housing with a suction inlet section and a pressure outlet section. Within the housing an Archimedes screw rotor is driven by a motor via a shaft. The inlet section and outlet section are each provided with connecting structure for suction and pressure piping respectively. The displacement CD of the screw rotor in relation to the center axis of the housing is determined by an equation based on the screw rotor radius, a minimum screw rotor core radius, and a variable k that is between 0.14 and 0.29.

Abstract: An oil pump structure including: an oil pump having a first hydraulic control chamber and a second hydraulic control chamber; a hydraulic control valve having a valve operating oil passage, a first inflow passage, a second inflow passage, a first outflow passage, a second outflow passage and a drain flow passage; and an oil circuit, wherein the hydraulic control valve is connected to a branching flow passage of the oil circuit; a spool valve body of the hydraulic control valve has a front valve section, a rear valve section and an intermediate valve section, which are formed perpendicularly to the axial direction of a connecting shaft; an axial-direction dimension of the intermediate valve section is larger than an axial-direction dimension of the second outflow passage; the second outflow passage and the drain flow passage are both accommodated temporarily between the intermediate valve section and the front valve section due to movement of the spool valve body; and in the hydraulic control valve, a control

Abstract: A rotor for a pump includes a rotor body, an undervane cavity defined in the rotor body configured to accept an underside of a vane, an outer surface on a periphery of the rotor body for defining overvane cavities within a liner as a function of an inner cammed surface of the liner, and a pressure balance aperture defined in the rotor body fluidly connecting the undervane cavity to at least one of the outer surface.