Abstract: A regenerative carbon dioxide removal system (38) is provided onboard the container (10) through which air from within the cargo box (12) may be circulated for removing at least a portion of the carbon dioxide present in the air. The regenerative carbon dioxide removal system (38) includes a scrubber module (40) containing a carbon dioxide absorbent material (42), and an actuator (50) for moving the scrubber module (40) to pass the carbon dioxide absorbent material (42) alternately between a first flow of air (32) to be cleaned drawn by the evaporator fan (30) from within the cargo box (12), and a second flow of air (44) drawn from an environment outside the cargo box for regenerating the carbon dioxide adsorbent material (42) by removing collected carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide adsorbent material (42).

Abstract: A compact portable dryer for damp outdoor gear has a tubular sleeve, an interspacing panel of reticulated foam, a ventilating plug and an air blowing plug. The tubular sleeve is a rectangle of canvas. It has strips of closures along both long edges, and both short edges. The closures along the long edges mate with each other in order to form the sleeve into a tube. The panel of reticulated foam is also a rectangle. It has a length between one pair of spaced edges that corresponds to the length of the tubular sleeve. Its thickness as well as length between the other pair of spaced edges are such that, when rolled into a cylindrical coil, the cylindrical coil has a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the tubular sleeve. The sleeve is plugged with the ventilating plug at one end and the air blowing plug at the other.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing liquid from a suspension comprises: one or more drying chambers; a conveyor system for transporting the suspension through the drying chambers at a substantially continuous speed, including a semi-permeable conveyor belt; a blower for injecting air into the drying chambers; a vacuum pipe and one or more vacuum pipe segments that extend from the vacuum pipe into each of the drying chambers for drawing saturated air out of each of the drying chambers, and wherein the vacuum pipe is operably connected to an intake of the blower. The apparatus may further comprise a condenser receiving the saturated air from the vacuum pipe, cooling the saturated air, and collecting liquid from the saturated air before returning it to the blower. The apparatus may further comprise a preheating arrangement in which cooled air exiting the condenser is passed through the drying chambers before returning it to the blower.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for detecting the cycle termination of a household tumble dryer having sensors for measuring at least two different parameters related to the drying process. In an example method for detecting the cycle termination of a household tumble dryer having sensors for measuring at least two different parameters related to a drying process, signals from the sensors are combined according to a predetermined algorithm in order to improve the accuracy of said detection.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for reducing silica recession of silicon-containing ceramics or silicon-containing ceramic composites, particularly those exposed to a combustion gas or to combustion gas environments, including those exposed to high temperature combustion gas environments. The methods and systems involve silicon-doping of compressed air and/or removal of moisture from compressed air prior to co-mingling the treated compressed air with the combustion gas to which the silicon-containing ceramics or silicon-containing ceramic composites are exposed.

Abstract: A cooling tower with a plurality of fill packs has a fire stop with openings disposed below the fill packs, a water distribution system for distributing water onto the fill packs, and a cold water basin disposed below the fire stop for collecting water which has past through said fill packs. The openings in the fire stop occupy at least 80% of the area over which the fire stop extends. The fire stop is made of an intumescent material with an expansion ratio sufficient to close said openings when said material intumesces.

Abstract: An evaporative cooler assembly utilizes available water runoff and a filtration mechanism to increase efficiency and maintain an existing evaporative cooler. The assembly includes a main housing and a first intake vent coupled to and extending through the main housing. A first evaporative pad positioned in the main housing adjacent to the first intake vent. A blower is positioned in the main housing for urging the ambient air through the intake vent and out of an output duct. A reservoir is provided extrinsic to the main housing. A delivery line is in fluid communication between the reservoir and the evaporative pad. A pump is operationally coupled to the delivery line urging water through the delivery line. A return line is coupled to the main housing and the reservoir wherein, the return line returns unevaporated fluid to the reservoir.

Abstract: A brazed heat exchanger comprises a number of heat exchanger plates (100, 200, 300) provided with a pressed pattern of ridges (110a) and grooves (110b) arranged such that flow channels for media to exchange heat are formed between neighboring plates (100,200,300). The plates (100,200,300) are further provided with port openings (120a-d) in selective communication with said flow channels and with a circumferential edge formed by skirts (130;240; 335) of neighboring plates (100,200,300) overlapping one another. A reinforcement portion (140; 250;340) extends outside the skirt (130;240; 335), and comprises a ribbon of sheet metal.

Abstract: A heat-dissipation unit with heat-dissipation microstructure and method of manufacturing the same is disclosed. The heat-dissipation unit with heat-dissipation microstructure includes a main body internally defining a chamber; a wick structure formed on an inner surface of the chamber; and at least a SiO2 nano thin film coated on the wick structure. The SiO2 nano thin film is formed of a plurality of SiO2 nanograins, and is coated on the wick structure of the heat-dissipation unit through the sol-gel process. With the at least one layer of SiO2 nano thin film coated on the wick structure, it is able to upgrade the heat dissipation performance of the heat-dissipation unit.

Abstract: A heat-exchange medium for use in a regenerative thermal oxidizer has a coating of potassium aluminum silicate which prevents the build-up of silicon dioxide from processed gas on the surface of the ceramic heat-exchange media. The ceramic heat-exchange medium has 1% or less by weight of MgO based on the total medium weight and the coating has a thickness of from 0.2 to 0.4 mm. The coating consists of potassium aluminum silicate having a composition of about 4 to 8% by weight K2O, about 26 to 38% by weight Al2O3, and about 52 to 64% by weight SiO2 based on the total coating weight.

Abstract: Cooling apparatuses and coolant-cooled electronic assemblies are provided which include a thermal transfer structure configured to couple to and cool one or more electronic components. The thermal transfer structure includes a thermal spreader, and at least one coolant-carrying tube coupled to the thermal spreader. The coolant-carrying tube(s) includes multiple tube lengths disposed substantially in a common plane, and an out-of-plane tube bend. The out-of-plane tube bend is couples in fluid communication first and second tube lengths of the multiple tube lengths, and extends out-of-plane from the multiple tube lengths disposed in the common plane. The first and second tube lengths may be spaced apart, with a third tube length disposed between them, and the coolant-carrying tube(s) further includes an in-plane tube bend which couples in fluid communication the third tube length and a fourth tube length of the multiple tube lengths.

Abstract: A bimetallic tube consisting of at least one tubular element in a first metal resistant to the corrosive and/or erosive action of a process fluid with which it is put in contact, having at least one end, or an area close to an end, externally coated with a layer of a second metal, different from the first and more suitable, with respect to this, for being seal-welded to a support. Tube bundle equipment to be used for thermal exchange operations at high temperatures and pressures, under conditions of high aggressiveness of the process fluids, wherein the tube bundle comprises at least one tube having the above characteristics. Said equipment is particularly used as a heat exchanger and decomposer, for example as a stripper, in the cycle of urea synthesis processes where there are conditions of high pressure, high temperatures, high aggressiveness of the process fluids, and in which the tube bundle consists of at least one tube having the above characteristics.

Abstract: Provided in one aspect is an annular gas ring within or adjacent a barrel to increase the efficient transfer of pressurized gas to one or more gas ports, which may communicate the high-pressure gas from near the chamber distally to a piston to cycle the action of the firearm. Provided in another aspect is a modular quick-disconnect barrel assembly for long-stroke gas-operated firearms such as the AK-47, which allows barrel and gas systems to be replaced together simply by pulling a single pin, thereby allowing the caliber of the firearm to be instantly changed to 12-gauge shotgun or any dimensionally smaller rifle or handgun round. A novel forward-charging handle system is also provided that works with the modular quick-disconnect barrel assembly.

Abstract: A fixed magazine for a rifle has a projecting boss that engages a cavity within the magazine well of the rifle. Once the magazine is inserted and the boss engages the cavity, the magazine is fixed and may not be removed from the rifle. The magazine is loaded by separating the upper receiver from the lower receiver and exposing the magazine opening, allowing it to receive rounds of ammunition.

Abstract: An archery bow for selectively firing multiple projectiles one at a time and having riser with first and second ends and limb arrangements fixed relative thereto with a bow string is joined therebetween, the bow having a drum housing and a selectively rotatable drum rotatably secured relative to the housing, the drum being rotatable about a drum axis and having a projectile openings circumferentially spaced about the drum axis, each of the projectile openings shaped to receive a projectile wherein a plurality of projectiles can be secured in the drum at one time, one of the projectile openings being in a firing position and supporting a projectile to be fired by the bow, the remaining projectile openings being spaced from the firing position to reduce interference with the projectile to be fired, the drum having a rotation mechanism to rotate each of openings into the firing position individually, the bow further including a shooting force mechanism to selectively propel the projectiles.

Abstract: Firearms with improved systems and methods of controlling which side of the firearm shell casings are ejected from, with ejection port covers on both sides of the firearm that open to provide cross ventilation, or both. In some embodiments, the bolt can be installed in one of two different orientations to select whether shell casings are ejected from the left or the right ejection port without a need to replace any parts. In a number of embodiments, spring loaded ejection port covers on both sides open when the firearm is fired or when the bolt or carrier of the firearm moves to provide cross ventilation through a passageway through the firearm to cool the firearm. The covers can be manually closed by the operator when the weapon is not being fired to keep dirt and debris out of the firearm.

Abstract: A firearm locking assembly combines a firearm and a locked safety assembly and is configured to allow owner and deny non-owner use. The assembly allows owner unencumbered use without an alarm sounding. The assembly allows owner very fast unlocking without the use of anything external, except the owner's hands. Motion detector and alarm plus trigger lock guard against the firearm being taken to a school, public place, or unauthorized use and theft. The assembly includes automatic locking if the firearm it is put down or forcefully taken away. The assembly includes means for a multiple position safety lever to signal: 1) if firearm is locked, 2) if firearm ready to accept code, 3) if firearm is unlocked, and 4) if firearm is in timed unlocked mode. The assembly also includes law enforcement and military modes, audio and silent FM alarm, a GPS and a digital camera.

Abstract: A firearm safety system and method is described herein. The system may include a tracking system, a smart firearm and/or a smart magazine, and a smart tracking unit. The tracking system is in communication with satellites that monitor specific locations, a smart firearm and a portable electronic device. The tracking system includes an internal geographical database of specific monitored locations. The smart firearm includes a microprocessor and a receiver. The motor operates in response to a signal received, which may indicate that the firearm is approaching a no gun safety zone, whereby the signal causes the microprocessor to operate the automatic safety lock to prevent the apparatus from operating. The receiver monitors signals and receives location data from the satellites. The method of operating a smart firearm includes receiving a signal at the at least one receiver and responding to the signal by locking the automatic safety lock.

Abstract: A firearm muzzle brake may include a substantially cylindrical hollow first portion having a first end and a second end; a pair of opposed rows of slots extending through the first portion, each row extending axially along a side of the first portion; a pair of rows of ports extending through the first portion, each row extending axially along the first portion above one of the rows of slots; and a second portion having a first end received in the second end of the first portion, a second end, a central aperture extending through the second portion and being in fluid communication with the hollow first portion such that a bullet can pass through the first and second portions.

Abstract: A portable shooting bench and utility table. In the shooting-bench embodiment, a tabletop is isosceles-triangle-shaped for ambidextrous functionality. In the utility-table embodiment, the tabletop is preferably round but can be any shape suitable for general use. The shooting-bench embodiment preferably includes a height-adjustable seat. A plurality of ratcheting leg couplers are rotatably attached to a support base and radiate outward from the support base. A proximate end of a leg attaches in ratcheting fashion to each ratcheting leg coupler, allowing adjustment of an angle of declination of each leg. The ratcheting leg couplers rotate about the support base, allowing radial positioning of the legs for optimum stability under various terrain conditions. The shooting bench or utility table can be converted from a deployed mode to a folded mode, in which shoulder straps can be affixed to the tabletop allowing transport of the shooting bench or utility table backpack-style.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an automatic cleaning apparatus for a gun barrel having cleaning means, wherein the cleaning means includes: a cylindrical tube having a plurality of insertion holes along the circumference thereof; a rotary gear connected to and driven by a motor; and cleaning members each of which includes a rotary shaft inserted into the insertion hole and a bevel gear joined to the lower portion of the rotary shaft and interlocking with the rotary gear, wherein the insertion hole includes a small hole and a large hole communicating laterally with the small hole, and wherein a fixing member fixes the cleaning member by making the cleaning member come into contact with the small hole when the cleaning member is fixed and does not prevent that the cleaning member is separated to the outside of the cylindrical tube through the large hole when the fixed cleaning member is released.

Abstract: A device for covering a firearm ejection port, the firearm including a receiver having an interior and an exterior side, the ejection port defined in the receiver, the ejection port having an upper peripheral edge and a notch defined in the upper peripheral edge. The device includes a backing member positionable across the ejection port from an interior side of the receiver. A cover is positionable over the ejection port from an exterior side of the receiver. A fastener extends between the backing member and the cover, the fastener being operable to selectively tighten the backing member and the cover together to clamp the cover over the ejection port. The cover is positioned over the notch in the ejection port when the cover is clamped over the ejection port to prevent gas in the receiver from passing through the notch.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a crossbow comprises a bow portion defining a first central vertical axis and a stock portion defining a second central vertical axis. The bow portion comprises an interfacing portion and the stock portion comprises a complimentary interfacing portion. The interfacing portion and the complimentary interfacing portion are arranged to provide self-alignment of the stock portion with the bow portion, such that the first central vertical axis and the second central vertical axis are coaxial.

Abstract: A spring loaded archery bow and, more particularly, an archery having a firing system with at least one compression style single spring assembly and a pair of cranks each having first legs engageable against the at least one single spring assembly and second legs to support rotatable archery cams.

Abstract: A cocking assembly includes a housing structured to have a rod portion and a gearbox portion. The rod portion is aligned with a drawstring of a weapon. A rod is rotatably positioned within the interior of the rod portion. A motor is coupled to the gearbox portion. The motor rotates in a first direction and a second direction. An actuator actuates the motor in the first and second directions. Each of a plurality of gears is rotatably coupled to an associated one of the motor and the rod. Thus, the plurality of gears is enmeshed to transfer a rotational torque of the motor into the rod. A yoke is structured to have a block and a saddle. The block threadably engages the rod such that the yoke is urged forwardly and rearwardly along the rod. Thus, the yoke cocks the drawstring of the weapon.

Abstract: A drop away arrow rest system comprises a rest and a cord lever operatively connected to the rest for moving the rest to a cocked position for supporting an arrow in relation to a bow upon drawing a bow string and upon releasing the bow string, triggering the release of the rest to a drop away position. A delayed release mechanism comprises an end cap and a torsion spring connecting the end cap to the cord lever. The cord lever is configured to load the torsion spring upon drawing the bow string and upon releasing the bow string, first release the load on the torsion spring without triggering the release of the rest to a drop away position, and then trigger the release of the rest to a drop away position.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a crossbow crank comprises a housing and a shaft rotatable with respect to the housing. A one-way mechanism is arranged to prevent rotation of the shaft in a first rotational direction, but allow rotation in a second direction. A release mechanism is arranged to disengage the one-way mechanism from the shaft. The release mechanism has a first position and a second position, wherein the release mechanism moves along a length of the shaft between the first position and the second position.

Abstract: An electromagnetic (EM) launcher can include multiple conductive coils wrapped around a launch conduit. The EM launcher can also include a multi-phase, variable frequency linear induction motor drive. The EM launcher can be used to launch a payload under controlled acceleration at a desired velocity.

Abstract: A gun assembly comprising a cylindrical gun action mated within a generally semi-cylindrical cavity of a synthetic gunstock to thereby define a specialized interference fit between the gunstock and the gun action is disclosed herein. The innovative gun assembly comprises at least three zones of interference fit established by assembling together a synthetic gunstock that includes a specialized receiving cavity generally in the form of a semi-cylinder and defined by a first radius R1 (correspond to zone surfaces) and a second radius R2 (corresponds to relief surfaces); and a metallic gun action generally in the form of a cylinder defined by a third radius R3. In order to achieve the specialized interference fit, the length of the third radius is selected to be slightly greater than the length of the first radius.

Abstract: A compact recoil management system having a buffer tube; an external recoil spring positioned within the internal buffer tube cavity; a buffer having a buffer extension portion, a buffer body portion, a first buffer shoulder, a second buffer shoulder, and a buffer head portion; an end cap that extends from the buffer head portion; a spacer that is slidable along at least a portion of the buffer body portion, and wherein the spacer is slidable within an internal cavity of the buffer tube; an internal recoil spring that is positioned along at least a portion of the buffer body portion, between the buffer head portion and the spacer; and a buffer head attached or coupled to the buffer extension portion.

Abstract: A handguard or other cover for a firearm includes a shell or body with a hollow interior cavity and a retaining structure configured to engage the forearm and retain the shell in place on the forearm, where the retaining structure is releasable to permit removal of the shell from the forearm. The shell may have a concave inner surface and a convex outer surface extending between the first and second edges. The concave inner surface may include at least one tab extending outwardly from the inner surface which is configured to be connected to a slot or opening formed in the forearm for the firearm.

Abstract: Firearm fore end grips and grip assemblies have a generally planar and flexible heat resistant grip which is configured for attachment or securement to a fore end of a fire arm or to a barrel cover and engaged with a Picatinny rail of the firearm or barrel cover.

Abstract: A fore grip for a firearm houses a light source and power source. The light source is preferably a laser and the power source is preferably one or more batteries. A first switch is connected to a PCB and can be moved to respective positions that correspond to each of various operating conditions, such as continuously on, continuously off, and on when a second switch is activated.

Abstract: A KeyMod quick mounting arrangement is arranged for detachably coupling an accessory at a firearm having a KeyMod mounting slot, wherein the arrangement includes a mounting body having a first side extended from the accessory to be detachably coupled with the firearm, and a coupling head movably extended from the mounting body between a releasing position and a securing position. The coupling head has a head portion outwardly protruded from an opposed second side of the mounting body, wherein the mounting body is stationary when the coupling head is moved between the releasing position and the securing position. In the releasing position, the head portion of the coupling head is disposed in an enlarged slot portion of the mounting slot. In the securing position, the head portion of the coupling head is slid to a narrower slot portion of the mounting slot for securing the accessory at the firearm.

Abstract: A mount for securing a knife to a firearm rail for use of the knife, e.g., to engage a target at close range.

Abstract: A high-tech security gun that works with Wi-Fi or any other special network, and will not work when it is removed from the address installed by its provider. The gun does not point forward at anyone except it is operated to point at any direction, when controlled wirelessly with a special module.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to thermal electric images which may form Informational Images such as landing zone markers, drop zone markers, vehicle markers, road markers, covert signs, notices, directions and the like, and may also be used to form thermal targets which may be used as training aides for weapons and other devices that are equipped with thermal imaging equipment.

Abstract: An antiballistic panel includes at least a first stack and a second stack. The first stack has a plurality of first laminates made of a first kind of fibers, and the second stack has a plurality of second laminates made of a second kind of fibers. Either the first kind of fibers or the second kind of fibers has a tensile modulus in the range of 40-85 GPa measured according to ASTM D7269. The other of the first kind of fibers or the second kind of fibers has a tensile modulus in the range of 86-140 GPa measured according to ASTM D7269.

Abstract: An oscillating target includes a base, a stand, and a pendulum. The base includes an electromagnetic coil and a power source. The stand is fixedly coupled to the base and the pendulum is rotatably supported by the stand. The pendulum includes a permanent magnet arranged opposite a target face. The permanent magnet is arranged on the pendulum at a position nearest to the base. The power source is configured to selectively operate the electromagnetic coil to generate a magnetic field to affect the permanent magnet to rotate the pendulum and thereby move the target face.

Abstract: An interface component for engaging an arrow tip to the leading end of an arrow shaft. The device directs impact forces axially and eliminates the shearing and wall collapse of arrow shafts caused by conventional collared arrow head engagement devices which tend to collapse and cut the leading edge of arrow shafts on hard impacts. Engagement to the arrow shaft leading end is provided by an elongated member axially engaged with the bore of the arrow shaft. The exterior surface of the device can be surfaced to interact with passing air during flight of the arrow and increase spin for better accuracy.

Abstract: Mechanically attachable fletching (shown as double fletching 220, 222, 224, 226, 228) is disclosed herein for a projectile 100, 102, 104, 112, 118, 120, 126, having a shaft 200, 300 having an exterior surface. The mechanically attachable fletching includes at least one fin 230, 232, 234, 236, 238, a connection section 231, 233, 235, 237, 239 bordering the at least one fin, and at least one mechanical fastener 240, 241, 244, 244? 250, 254, 254?, 262, 266, 272, 276, 280, 282, 290, 294 for attaching the fletching to the exterior surface of the shaft via the connection section. Also disclosed herein are methods for mechanically attaching fletching to the shaft of the projectile. Also disclosed herein are illuminated projectiles 102, 108, 110, 112, 116, 120, 122, 124, 126.

Abstract: Collars are provided to facilitate retaining the blades of a broadhead in their in-flight position during flight. Collars can be used in situations where the preexisting use of an O-ring is used to help facilitate maintaining the blades of a broadhead in their in-flight position during flight. Collars can also be used in situations where the preexisting use of an O-ring is not used to help facilitate maintaining the blades of a broadhead in their in-flight position during flight.

Abstract: A hunting broadhead having a tip, a first stem, a middle pin, a first blade, a second blade and a rubber band; a rear end of the tip is riveted to a front end of the first stem; the first stem is provided with a blade slot which accommodates the first blade and the second blade; a stem side flat surface is provided with a middle pin movement slot; a rear end of the middle pin movement slot is provided with a middle pin insertion hole; the first blade and the second blade are removably connected with the first stem via the middle pin; the first blade and the second blade engage with the rubber band provided on a rubber band fixation slot (60) via their respective blade notches (50); a rear end of the first stem (22) is provided with screw threads (67).

Abstract: A bird-wing broadhead blade is a blade that has a free end that is positioned in a back or downstream position from a fixed end. The free end of the bird-wing blade extends out, like a bird opens its wings to fly. A bird-wing broadhead blade may incorporate a shape memory alloy material that has a set shape, such as by thermal setting. A shape memory alloy bird-wing broadhead blade may be deformed into a strained shape and retained until hitting an object. When the shape memory blade is released, it will move into the set shape automatically. A shape memory alloy is a metal alloy that “remembers” its set shape and has superelastic properties. A spring deployment system may also be used to deploy one or more bird-wing blades. A spring may be configured upstream or downstream of the fixed end of the blades.

Abstract: A gun cartridge such as a shotgun shell wherein the pellet load is contained in a projectile consisting of a frangible casing and a MV element wherein the MV element imparts long range travel and accuracy to the projectile and wherein the frangible casing readily breaks apart on impact with the target and allows the pellets to disperse in typical array.

Abstract: A method for stepping a first member relative to a second member associated with a projectile. The method including: providing one of the first and second members with one of a plurality of pockets and more than three movable pins offset from each other with a first spacing; providing the other of the first and second members with the other of the plurality of pockets and more than three movable pins offset from each other with a second spacing, where the first spacing is different from the second spacing; and engaging at least one of the movable pins into a corresponding pocket to step one of the first and second members a predetermined linear and/or rotary displacement. Where the engaging includes selectively varying a step size between the first and second member.

Abstract: Directed fragmentation weapon including a housing having front, back, top edge, bottom edge and side edge walls defining a closed chamber therein. The front wall is formed as a pellet matrix construction including a plurality of compartments formed as recesses on the surface facing the inside of the chamber. The compartments are substantially similar in shape and size to each other and a plurality of pellets of fixed diameter within the matrix. Each compartment contains one pellet therein. Explosive material is placed into the chamber, which is sufficient to propel the pellets from the matrix, and a detonator arrangement for exploding the material. Depths of a part or all of the compartments measured perpendicularly to the front wall and from the inner surface of the front wall are defined by equation h=C×A??(I) wherein equation coefficient C is 0.1-3, and A is the pellet diameter.

Abstract: An expanding subsonic projectile has a body that has a meplat and at least partially defines a hollow bore having a bore diameter. An insert is disposed at least partially in the bore. The insert includes an insert axis; a tip disposed on the insert axis; a leading section extending from the tip towards the meplat, wherein the leading section has an expanding section diameter along the insert axis from the tip towards the meplat; and a waist extending from the leading section towards the meplat. The waist has a contracting waist diameter along the insert axis from the leading section towards the meplat.

Abstract: A system for initiating and controlling a reaction between a metal and water is provided for use in propelling a rocket, torpedo, or other munition. A thermite charge having a quantity of reducing metal in excess of that required to react with the metal oxide is utilized to melt and/or vaporize the excess reducing metal. Water may be added to the munition immediately before use, or in the case of a torpedo, may be taken in from the surrounding water. The principles embodied by Bernoulli's equation may be used to regulate the intake of water for the reaction with the reducing metal.

Abstract: A combined submersible vessel and unmanned aerial vehicle preferably includes a body structure, at least one wing structure, at least one vertical stabilizer structure, and at least one horizontal stabilizer structure. A propulsion system is coupled to the body structure and is configured to propel the flying submarine in both airborne flight and underwater operation. Preferably, the propulsion system includes a motor, a gearbox coupled to the motor and configured to receive power generated by the motor and provide variable output power, a drive shaft coupled to the gearbox and configured to transfer the variable output power provided by the gearbox, and a propeller coupled to the drive shaft and configured to accept power transferred to it from the drive shaft. The propeller is further configured to rotate and propel the flying submarine in both an airborne environment and in an underwater environment.