Abstract: A rolling-element bearing for a gearing. The rolling-element bearing includes an inner bearing race (13), an outer bearing race (14), and at least one rolling element (15). The rolling-element bearing has a sensor (19) which is rigidly arranged in relation to a gearing part or a part of the rolling-element bearing. The rolling element includes a depth deviation (16), on at least one lateral surface (17), and the depth deviation is designed in such a way that the lateral surface of the rolling element has at least two different depths along a circular path about an axis of rotation of the rolling element and the sensor is positioned in order to detect the depth deviation.

Abstract: A gearbox (1) has a main unit (22) and a secondary unit (2) provided with respective casings (23,3) of respective gear transmissions and with respective hollow shafts (24,10) connected by means of a drive shaft (25); the secondary unit transfers motion between two axes forming an angle of less than 180° and which can be removed after having released the drive shaft (25); the drive shaft (25) is engaged in an angularly fixed and axially sliding manner to the hollow shafts and is axially locked, at least in one direction, by means of an axial retaining device (57), which is releasable; the axial retaining device (57) is coupled to one (24) of the hollow shafts, at an axial end (32) which is facing towards the other (10) of the hollow shafts; at least one opening may be formed between the two casings (23,3), so as to access such an axial end (32) and release the axial retaining device.

Abstract: A drive apparatus, including: a first rotary member; a second rotary member, which is provided with an axle hole, and which receives drive power from the first rotary member or transmits drive power to the first rotary member; an axle member, which is inserted into the axle hole and engages with the first rotary member so as to transmit drive power between the first rotary member and the second rotary member; and a coupling member for coupling the first rotary member and the second rotary member; wherein the coupling member is provided with a sliding portion which is disposed between the first rotary member and the second rotary member in the radial direction and which slides over either one of the first rotary member and the second rotary member when the first rotary member and the second rotary member rotate integrally with each other via the axle member.

Abstract: An adapter is disclosed for use in a power system having a first powertrain joined to a second powertrain by a coupling. The adapter may have a generally cylindrical body having a central bore formed therein that is configured to receive a shaft of the first powertrain, and splines formed at an end of the central bore. The adapter may also have a connection keyway formed within an outer annular surface of the generally cylindrical body and configured to receive a key that engages the coupling, and a balancing keyway formed within the outer annular surface of the generally cylindrical body and configured to remain empty to balance the coupling.

Abstract: A self-aligning and self-engaging drive coupling on a seeding machine planting unit allows for one drive or driven device of the planting unit to be moved between a use position and a service position without the need to manually connect or disconnect the drive coupling between the two devices.

Abstract: A variable mechanical advantage shaft coupling (1), typically used in an electric power assisted steering system, comprising: an input shaft (2); an output shaft (3); and at least one lever (9), each lever comprising: a lever body; a first connection (5) connecting the lever body to a first shaft (2) of the input shaft and the output shaft at a point offset from an axis of rotation of the first shaft so that the lever body can pivot relative to the first shaft; a second connection (11) connecting the lever body to a second (3), different, shaft of the input shaft and the output shaft at a point offset from its axis of rotation so that the lever body can pivot relative to the second shaft; and a fulcrum point about which the lever body can pivot; in which each first connection (5) is able to slide along an axis substantially parallel to the axes of rotation of the first and second shafts (2, 3) along the respective lever body, each lever connecting the input and output shafts (2, 3) with a mechanical advantage

Abstract: A constant velocity (CV) joint includes a shield to protect a J-boot from damage due to projectiles such as stones and to prevent ballooning. A rigid portion of the shield is fixed to a ring, which is adapted for fixation to a powertrain component such as a transmission. A flexible portion of the shield prevents projectiles from entering through the opening created by non-coincident axes of the shaft and ring. The flexible portion has a number of truncated conical panels with alternating orientation that accommodate the variable size opening by flexing in an accordion-like fashion.

Abstract: A constant velocity joint boot assembly includes a boot-can having an axially extending main cylindrical body, a radially extending transition portion, an axially extending and generally cylindrical mounting portion. The radially extending transition portion intersects the axially extending main cylindrical body and the generally cylindrical mounting portion. A flexible boot member may be attached to an inner surface of at least two of the cylindrical body, the transition portion and the mounting portion at a coupling region. A method of forming the flexible boot member includes first forming the boot in an outwardly extending conical shape, and then rolling and/or inverting a portion of the boot so that the boot arcs inwardly upon itself and forms a diaphragm.

Abstract: A centrifugal clutch assembly. The clutch assembly has a cover adapted for connecting to a driving member extending along a central axis and a pressure plate coaxially mounted on the cover for axial movement relative to the cover. The assembly includes a friction disc adapted for connection to a driven member coaxially mounted adjacent the pressure plate. The assembly has a lever support mounted on and having a hardness greater than the pressure plate. The clutch assembly includes a lever pivotally mounted on the lever support and reacting against the cover to move the pressure plate into and out of engagement with the friction disc. The lever is shaped to apply more clamping force to the pressure plate as the clutch assembly turns faster about the central axis.

Abstract: A torque transfer device can include a housing and a clutch. The housing can define a clutch cavity and a pocket. The pocket can be formed at an axial end of the clutch cavity and have a generally arcuate shape that extends circumferentially about the clutch cavity above a static lubrication level. The clutch can include an outer carrier, an inner carrier, a plurality of first and second interleaved friction plates. One of an outer and an inner plate carrier of the clutch can be coupled to an input member for common rotation. The other of the carriers can be coupled to a differential case for common rotation. Rotation of the outer carrier relative to the housing through a fluid in the clutch cavity can sling a portion of the fluid toward an inner surface of the housing to cause the portion of the fluid to collect in the pocket.

Abstract: A synchronizer comprising: a hub including splines; a sleeve including internal splines; a transmission gear including external splines; a blocking ring including dog teeth, a notch and a preceding projecting member, wherein after the hub and the transmission gear are synchronized, the preceding projecting member is pressed by the internal splines, and engaged with the external splines before the internal splines.

Abstract: A vehicle power transmitting device can include a clutch and an actuator. The actuator can include a coil spring, a plunger, and a rotating member. The coil spring can include a plurality of coils disposed about an axis. The plunger can include a body and a follower. The follower can be fixedly coupled to the body. The body can be disposed about the axis and coupled to the clutch to selectively activate the clutch. The follower can be received between adjacent ones of the coils. The rotating member can be rotatable about the axis and drivingly coupled to one of the coil spring and the plunger to rotate the one of the coil spring and the plunger about the axis. Rotation of the rotatable member can effect translation of the plunger, compression of the coil spring, or both translation of the plunger and compression of the coil spring.

Abstract: A driving force transmission device includes an inner ring; an outer ring; a roller pair constituted by a first roller and a second roller; an elastic member; a first cage including a first pressing portion; a second cage including a second pressing portion; a first guide member; a second guide member; and an electromagnetic clutch including an armature connected to the first and second guide members. Along with rotation of the first cage toward the circumferential second side, the first pressing portion presses the first roller toward the circumferential second side. Along with rotation of the second cage toward the circumferential first side, the second pressing portion presses the second roller toward the circumferential first side.

Abstract: An annular groove is provided in a driving-side rotor of a clutch. Guide grooves are provided on a driven-side rotor of the clutch. By moving the driving-side rotor relative to the driven-side rotor, balls are moved that are accommodated in the spaces provided by the sections where the guide grooves and the annular groove face each other. Moving the balls toward the sections where the gap between the driving-side rotor and the driven-side rotor is narrow causes the balls to engage with the driving-side rotor and the driven-side rotor to achieve an engaged state. A disengaged state, in which engagement is cancelled, is achieved by moving the balls to the sections where the gap is wide.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of implementing a pulley device with an embedded unidirectional clutch, with which the influence of auxiliary automobile machinery on a rotary shaft due to fluctuations in the rotation of the engine can be sufficiently reduced. A sleeve (1b) is configured from an inner-diameter-side sleeve (24) and an outer-diameter-side sleeve (25), a unidirectional clutch (3) is provided between the outer-diameter-side sleeve (25) and a pulley (2), and a coiled torsion spring (18a) capable of transmitting torque between the inner-diameter-side sleeve (24) and the outer-diameter-side sleeve (25) is provided between these members (24, 25).

Abstract: A position offset compensation method of a clutch for controlling power that is transmitted from an engine to a wheel of a vehicle in accordance with one of exemplary embodiments of the present invention may include confirming whether an additional torque is transferred to the clutch, if a torque that is transferred to the clutch is larger than a predetermined torque, confirming whether a speed of the clutch is less than a predetermined speed for a predetermined time according to the confirming result, confirming whether the clutch is moved to an open direction according to the confirming result, and controlling the clutch position, by calculating a compensation value of the clutch position according to the confirming result.

Abstract: In one aspect, a computer-implemented method for preventing centrifugal clutch lock-ups within a work vehicle transmission may generally include transmitting a signal associated with disengaging a clutch of the transmission, wherein the clutch includes a hydraulic actuator having a pressure relief valve. The method may also include monitoring a pressure of the hydraulic fluid supplied to the actuator relative to a predetermined pressure threshold and monitoring a rotational speed of a clutch can associated with the clutch relative to a predetermined speed threshold, wherein the speed threshold is defined relative to a lock-up speed associated with the clutch can. In addition, the method may include transmitting a lock-up signal associated with limiting the rotational speed of the clutch can and/or providing an indication that a clutch lock-up is likely to occur when the pressure exceeds the pressure threshold and the rotational speed exceeds the speed threshold.

Abstract: A disk brake includes a brake disk, a brake caliper, which fits over the brake disk, a brake support, a brake pad and an application device, which presses the brake pad against the brake disk when braking, wherein the brake pad rests in a U-shaped well and the two legs of the “U” serve to support the brake pad in the circumferential direction of the brake disk and the “base” of the “U” serves to support the brake pad radially toward the inside. The distance between the two legs of the “U” is shorter at the radially outer ends thereof than the distance at the radially inner ends thereof.

Abstract: A reinforced disc brake pad backing plate and brake pad are provided for use in a disc brake, including a disc brake of a commercial vehicle. The reinforced brake pad backing plate includes reinforcing material located at a radially-outer region of the backing plate that increases brake pad rigidity and provides a surface that facilitates insertion and removal of the brake pad during disc brake maintenance. The reinforcing material may extend axially away from the sides of the brake pad backing plate away from and/or toward the brake disc of the disc brake.

Abstract: A caliper disc brake of a vehicle, in particular of a commercial vehicle, with a brake disc having an axis of rotation, a brake caliper (20), a brake anchor plate (22), a force transmission element, such as, for example, a lining support (26) and/or a pressure plate, which is guided and supported in a shall of the brake caliper or of the brake anchor plate, a holding-down spring (32) for holding down the force transmission element, and a holding-down device (36) which is held and supported on the caliper by a holding device, pretensions the holding-down spring radially against the force transmission device and pretensions the holding-down spring tangentially in the direction of rotation against the force transmission device during forwards travel, wherein the holding device has a centre line lying parallel to the axis of rotation.

Abstract: A brake unit for utility vehicles includes a carrier unit and a transmission element. The carrier unit has a guide section in which the transmission element can be arranged such that the transmission element can be moved along a guide axis. The transmission element includes a first receiving section, which can be engaged with a piston rod of a brake cylinder, and a second receiving section, which can be engaged with a tappet of a wedge unit. The transmission element is configured to transfer forces and transfers along the guide axis between the piston rod and the tappet.

Abstract: The invention relates to a brake actuator for an aircraft hydraulic brake, which is intended to be added into one of the cavities of a brake ring, the actuator comprising a liner (1) designed to be housed sealingly in the cavity of the ring, a piston (3) mounted to slide sealingly in the liner along an axis of sliding (X) so as to apply a braking force on friction pads when a fluid is introduced under pressure into the cavity, and having a determined operational travel, a wear compensation device (10) which defines a position to which the piston retreats into the liner by means of a mobile stop (11) that can be moved forward by the piston as a braking force is applied, and an elastic return member (16) returning the piston towards the retracted position bearing against the mobile stop.

Abstract: A contactless sensor includes a magnet coupled to a piston that is located within a housing. A sensor capable of detecting the position of the magnet is coupled to the housing. The sensor may send linear position data to a sensor interface for processing.

Abstract: A brake disc manufactured by a method of manufacturing a brake disc according to the present invention includes a carbon fiber Cf, silicon Si, silicon carbide Sic, and a silicon-copper alloy SixCuy. The carbon fiber Cf, silicon Si, carbon C, and silicon carbide SiC make a disc light and provide high thermal shock resistance, anti-oxidation, wear resistance, strength, and friction coefficient. The copper Cu and silicon-copper alloy SixCuy increase heat capacity at constant volume of a disc, so a large increase in temperature of the disc is prevented and a changing range of the friction coefficient is reduced in braking. Accordingly, the brake disc according to the present invention has all of the advantage of a brake disc made of a carbon fiber-reinforced ceramic composites without thermal deformation and deterioration of a pad, a hat part, and a caliper.

Abstract: A friction-damping energy absorber has at least one core post, two supporting boards, multiple first material layers, and multiple second material layers. The at least one core post has multiple sliding sheets stacked with each other. The two supporting boards are mounted on two ends of the at least one core post. The first material layers and second material layers are alternately mounted between the two supporting boards and surround the at least one core post to enable the first material layers and the second material layers to alternately mount with at least one of the sliding sheets of the at least one core post. The friction-damping energy absorber can be used on buildings, bridges, large objects or equipments to absorb and isolate the three-directional vibration energy of earthquakes and environments, and can prevent the operation temperature from increasing and provide an automatic adjustment function of damping and stiffness.

Abstract: A machine is on a first side of a plate (20) and a rod (50) passes along or through the plate (20). The plate (20) is susceptible to vibrations arising from operation of the machine. An active vibration suppressor (60) is mounted on the rod (50), and a controller is configured to control the active vibration suppressor (60) to suppress vibrations of the plate (20).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a dynamic damper that can reduce vibrations with respect to not only the axial direction but also the radial direction of a connector connected to a vibration generating source.

Abstract: An end member (202) is dimensioned to engage an end of a flexible spring member (210) to at least partially form a gas spring assembly. The end member (202) includes an end member wall that has a longitudinal axis. The end member includes a securement wall portion (280) having an outer surface with a surface profile dimensioned to abuttingly engage the end of the flexible spring member (210). The surface profile includes a plurality of concave profile sections and a plurality of convex profile sections that are dimensioned to generate a progressively increasing compression force along at least a section of the securement wall portion (280). A gas spring assembly including such an end member (202) is included. A suspension system including one or more gas spring assemblies and a method of assembly are also included.

Abstract: A mono-tube type hydraulic shock absorber includes a cylinder, a free piston that partitions the inside of the cylinder into a liquid chamber in which a hydraulic fluid is filled and a gas chamber in which a gas is filled, a piston slidably inserted into the cylinder, the piston partitioning the liquid chamber into two working chambers, a sealing ring provided on an outer periphery of the free piston, the sealing ring being configured to seal between the cylinder and the free piston, and a lubricating oil enclosed within the gas chamber to lubricate between the sealing ring and the cylinder.

Abstract: A spindle drive for motor-actuated adjustment of an adjusting element includes a tubular spindle drive housing for a drive unit with a downstream spindle-spindle nut gear unit for generating a linear driving motion. A connection part inserted into one end of the drive housing is connected to an exterior socket via a damping arrangement comprising an elastic damping material. The connection part includes first and second flange-like end portions having confrontingly opposed, spaced apart front sides sandwiching the damping arrangement 4 which is connected to the end portion front sides by vulcanization and/or gluing. The socket is carried on the second end portion remote from the damping arrangement 4.

Abstract: A torsional vibration reducing device is provided. The torsional vibration reducing device includes a rotating body, a plurality of rolling bodies, and a connection member. The connection member connects the plurality of rolling bodies, and at least two contact portions are positioned on an inner surface of each of the plurality of accommodating portions, a portion of an outer peripheral surface of each of the plurality of rolling bodies being positioned in each of the plurality of accommodating portions, and the outer peripheral surface of each of the plurality of rolling bodies being configured to come into point contact with the contact portions in the circumferential direction of the rotating body.

Abstract: A torsional vibration reducing device includes a rotating body, rolling bodies, and a connection member. The rotating body includes guide holes, and the connection member includes accommodating portions that has at least two contact portions. The accommodating portions are positioned in the guide holes, and the guide holes accommodate the rolling bodies. The accommodating portions are configured to hold the outer peripheral surface of each of the rolling bodies with the contact portions, in a direction in which the rolling body reciprocates.

Abstract: A torsional vibration reducing device includes a rotating body, and a connection member. The rotating body has a plurality of guide holes. The rotating body includes a plurality of rolling bodies that are accommodated in the plurality of guide holes, respectively. The connection member connects the plurality of rolling bodies such that the plurality of rolling bodies moves integrally in the rotating direction of the rotating body. The connection member is supported so as to be reciprocally swingable in the rotating direction. A first moment that results from a weight of any one of the plurality of rolling bodies and rotates the connection member in a first rotating direction, a second moment that results from a weight of the other of the plurality of rolling bodies and rotates the connection member in a second rotating direction being applied to the connection member.

Abstract: A torsional vibration damping arrangement particularly for the drivetrain of a vehicle, having a carrier arrangement which is rotatable around an axis of rotation, a deflection mass which is movable in circumferential direction relative to the carrier arrangement. The carrier arrangement and the deflection mass are coupled so as to be rotatable relative to one another via a plurality of radially extending, flexible restoring elements which are arranged in circumferential direction. A restoring element is deformable in each instance around a force application point which is movable in radial direction under centrifugal force and which is associated with the restoring element. A first restoring element is preloaded in a first direction in inactive position of the torsional vibration damping arrangement, and in that a second restoring element is preloaded in a second direction opposite to the first direction in the inactive position.

Abstract: A flat plane crankshaft for an in-line four cylinder engine includes eight crank arms. A fourth crank arm and a fifth crank arm are respectively provided with counter weights. Each of a width of the fourth crank arm and a width of the fifth crank arm is configured to be smaller than a width of a second crank arm. Each of a width of the third crank arm and a width of the sixth crank arm is configured to be greater than the width of the second crank arm.

Abstract: A flywheel for kinetic energy storage and its construction using composite materials. The present invention provides a flywheel assembly having a longitudinal axis and comprising an annular rotor and a rotor support for coupling the rotor to an axial shaft, wherein the rotor comprises fibres in a matrix material, and a ring comprising fibres in a matrix material is mounted on the outer circumference of the rotor support and the rotor is mounted on the outer circumference of the ring, the rotor, rotor support and ring each having longitudinal axes which are coincident with the longitudinal axis of the assembly. The presence of the intermediate ring formed of a composite material assists in the fabrication of the assembly and increases its durability by providing a suitable interface between the rotor and a rotor support.

Abstract: A link unit includes two first chain plates and an assembling pin. Each of the first chain plates has a first inner end section, a first outer end section misaligned from the first inner end section, and opposite inner and outer side surfaces. The first outer end section of each of the first chain plates is formed with a connecting hole that has a first hole portion, a second hole portion, and a neck portion located between the first and second hole portions. The assembling pin is inserted through the connecting hole of each of the first chain plates, and is prevented from moving past the neck portions of the first chain plates so as to be positioned in the second hole portions of the first chain plates.

Abstract: A chain link comprises a first plate, a second plate, a pin which connects the two plates, and a plurality of rolling elements arranged circumferentially around the pin, wherein the plurality of rolling elements are exposed to enable direct contact between them and a tooth of a sprocket when said chain link is mounted to said sprocket. The plurality of rolling elements may be arranged to roll along a surface of the pin. The plurality of rolling elements may be arranged to roll along a surface of a tooth of a sprocket when the chain link is mounted to the sprocket.

Abstract: A drive device includes a reduction drive, an accommodation portion, and an output unit. The reduction drive includes at least two resin helical gears meshed with each other. The at least two helical gears include an output-side helical gear and another helical gear. The output-side helical gear is located closer to the output unit than the other helical gear in a power transmission path of the reduction drive. The housing cover includes a restriction portion located within a range that includes a straight line intersecting the first center axis and the second center axis. The restriction portion projects toward a bottom of the gear accommodation portion. The restriction portion is configured to allow for slidable contact with the output-side helical gear to restrict axial bending of the output-side helical gear.

Abstract: A rotating movement control mechanism including a worm, and a main driving side worm wheel and a driven side worm wheel disposed across the worm. Both end portions of the worm in an axial direction are axially supported by bearing parts. Respective teeth of the main driving side worm wheel and the driven side worm wheel contact both sides of the worm in a direction substantially orthogonal to the axial center with a backlash, and are supported thereby. When the second member is relatively rotated with respect to the first member, the worm rotates relatively with respect to the main driving side worm wheel. The driven side worm wheel rotates by a rotational force of the worm, and a rotational force of the driven side worm wheel is regenerated in the worm. Whirling vibrations of the worm are suppressed, and relative rotation is performed smoothly.

Abstract: An apparatus with the multi-stage power shifting means applied to a machine tool includes a housing body, a first transmission device and a second transmission device disposed in the housing body, a coupling device connected to the transmission devices and a controller controlling the gear shifting motion of the transmission devices. The controller includes two control units pivotally connected to respective engaging parts of the transmission devices and a driving system capable of moving the control units. When a power is sequentially transmitted from an external power source to the first transmission device, the coupling device, the second transmission device and thence to a power transmission mechanism, the controller adjusts the mode of meshing the engaging parts with other correlated elements in the transmission devices to attain different output torque and speed values, the multi-stage shifting effect and the torque multiplying effect without increasing the bulk.

Abstract: A multi-stage transmission for a vehicle may include an input shaft, an output shaft, first, second, third, and fourth planetary gear devices disposed between the input shaft and the output shaft to transmit rotary force, each of the first, second, third, and fourth planetary gear devices having three rotary elements, and at least six shifting elements connected to the three rotary elements of the first, second, third, and fourth planetary gear devices,

Abstract: A multi-stage transmission for a vehicle may include an input shaft, an output shaft, first, second, third and fourth planetary gear devices disposed between the input shaft and the output shaft to transmit rotary force, each of the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear devices having three rotary elements, and at least six shifting elements connected to the rotary elements of the first, second, third and fourth planetary gear devices.

Abstract: A multi-stage transmission for a vehicle may include an input shaft, an output shaft, first to fourth planetary gear devices disposed between the input shaft and the output shaft to transmit rotary force, each of the first to fourth planetary gear devices having three rotary elements, and at least six shifting elements connected to the rotary elements of the planetary gear devices.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle may include an input shaft into which power of an engine is input, a first planetary gear set including a first sun gear, a first planetary carrier, and a first ring gear, a second planetary gear set including a second sun gear, a second planetary carrier, and a second ring gear, a third planetary gear set including a third sun gear, a third planetary carrier, and a third ring gear, a fourth planetary gear set including a fourth sun gear, a fourth planetary carrier, and a fourth ring gear, a first rotational shaft, a second rotational shaft, a third rotational shaft, a fourth rotational shaft, a fifth rotational shaft, a sixth rotational shaft, a seventh rotational shaft, and an eighth rotational shaft.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle may include an input shaft into which power of an engine is input, an output shaft that outputs the shifted power, a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set, a third planetary gear set, a fourth planetary gear set, a first rotational shaft selectively connected to a transmission housing, a second rotational shaft directly connected to the input shaft, a third rotational shaft, a fourth rotational shaft, a fifth rotational shaft selectively connected to the first rotational shaft and the second rotational shaft, a sixth rotational shaft directly connected to the output shaft, and selectively connected to the fourth rotational shaft, a seventh rotational shaft selectively connected to the transmission housing, an eighth rotational shaft selectively connected to the fifth rotational shaft, and six friction elements.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle may include an input shaft receiving torque of an engine, an output shaft outputting changed torque, a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set, a third planetary gear set including, a fourth planetary gear set, a first rotation shaft, a second rotation shaft selectively connected to a transmission housing, a third rotation shaft selectively connected to the transmission housing, a fourth rotation shaft selectively connected to the second shaft or the third shaft, a fifth rotation shaft directly connected to the input shaft, a sixth rotation shaft, a seventh rotation shaft selectively connected to the transmission housing, and an eighth rotation shaft selectively connected to the sixth rotation shaft, and directly connected to the output shaft.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle may include an input shaft receiving torque of an engine, an output shaft outputting changed torque, a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set, a third planetary gear set, a fourth planetary gear set, a first rotation shaft selectively connected to a transmission housing, a second rotation shaft directly connected to the input shaft, a third rotation shaft, a fourth rotation shaft, a fifth rotation shaft selectively connected to the second rotation shaft or the fourth rotation shaft, a sixth rotation shaft directly connected to the output shaft, a seventh rotation shaft selectively connected to the transmission housing or the third rotation shaft, and an eighth rotation shaft selectively connected to the sixth rotation shaft.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission of a vehicle may include an input shaft receiving torque of an engine, an output shaft outputting changed torque, a first planetary gear set including a first sun gear, a first planet carrier, and a first ring gear, a second planetary gear set including a second sun gear, a second planet carrier, and a second ring gear, a third planetary gear set including a third sun gear, a third planet carrier, and a third ring gear, a fourth planetary gear set including a fourth sun gear, a fourth planet carrier, and a fourth ring gear, a first rotation shaft, a second rotation shaft, a third rotation shaft, a fourth rotation shaft, a fifth rotation shaft, a sixth rotation shaft, a seventh rotation shaft, and an eighth rotation shaft.

Abstract: A planetary gear train of an automatic transmission for a vehicle may include an input shaft receiving torque of an engine, an output shaft outputting changed torque, a first planetary gear set, a second planetary gear set, a third planetary gear set, a fourth planetary gear set, a first rotation shaft, a second rotation shaft directly connected to the output shaft, a third rotation shaft selectively connected to a transmission housing, a fourth rotation shaft selectively connected to the first rotation shaft, a fifth rotation shaft selectively connected to the first rotation shaft, a sixth rotation shaft, a seventh rotation shaft directly connected to the input shaft, and an eighth rotation shaft selectively connected to the first rotation shaft, the sixth rotation shaft, or the transmission housing.