Abstract: A water treatment method that concurrently subjects water to: (1) a biological water treatment process that removes a first set of organic materials from the water and (2) a physical water treatment process that removes a second set of organic materials from the water. A water treatment system that concurrently removes aqueous phase organic materials from water using a biological removal system that includes microorganisms and a physical separation system that includes sparging equipment for sparging the water to remove non-aqueous phase liquid organic materials, volatile phase organic materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for purification of water, comprising addition of an alkalinity affecting material, which material is chosen from calcium, sodium and/or magnesium containing compounds, addition of a coagulant containing ferric salt in an amount of about 3.5-40 mg Fe3+/l water to be purified, and addition of hydrogen peroxide in an amount of about 0.2 to 15 mg/I water to be purified, wherein said water to be purified has an alkalinity of about 0.05-0.9 mmol/l and an amount of total organic carbon (TOC) of 5-25 mg/l, and said alkalinity affecting material is added before the coagulant and hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Water, for example produced water, is treated to make it more suitable for use in an oil field recovery process. In the oil filed recovery process, the treated water is pressurized and heated to supercritical conditions in a steam generator, preferably a Once Through Steam Generator (OTSG), to result in a supercritical dense phase fluid, which is then injected into oil bearing formaltions for the purpose of enhanced oil production. The treatment includes softening and decarbonation. The water is preferably acidified before decarbonation. There may be a step of sulfate removal. Softening may be by ion exchange or membrane separation. Sulfate may be removed by ion exchange.

Abstract: A waste stream is treated by anaerobic digestion. A process is described involves a step of separating solids from digestate, and returning separated solids to a digester. Optionally, there may be a step of solids separation in which larger solids are removed from the digester. A process and apparatus are described for treating waste sludge from a wastewater treatment plant in an anaerobic digester. Feed sludge is thickened or solids are separated from digestate and returned to the digester. Additional co-digestion waste may be added to the digester. The process and apparatus may be used in a retrofit of an existing wastewater treatment plant.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for the continuous thermal hydrolysis of sludge to be treated, containing organic matter, said method comprising the steps of simultaneously carrying out the injection of recovered steam into said sludge and mixing said sludge with said recovered steam by means of a primary dynamic injector-mixer so as to obtain a primary uniform mixture; simultaneously carrying out the injection of fresh steam into said primary uniform mixture and mixing said primary uniform mixture with said fresh steam by means of a secondary dynamic injector-mixer so as to obtain a secondary uniform mixture of sludge; conveying said secondary uniform mixture towards a tube reactor under pressure and prompting an essentially plug-type flow of this secondary uniform mixture into said reactor for a residence time that is sufficient and at a temperature that is sufficient to enable the thermal hydrolysis of the organic matter present in this secondary uniform mixture; producing said recovery steam within mea

Abstract: An optical glass may be a phosphate based glass containing at least any one of oxides selected from TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and Bi2O2. The total content (HR) of the TiO2, Nb2O5, WO3, and Bi2O2 may be 35 mol % or above, the noble metal content may be less than 2.0 ppm, and the ?OH value, given by the following general formula, may be 0.1 mm-1 or above: ?OH=?[ln(B/A)]/t.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hollow glass is provided. The method includes the steps of placing at least one drop of glass in a cavity of a mold, inserting a punch into the cavity of the mold, forming the hollow glass item by using the punch and simultaneously imprinting at least one raised or hollow pattern at a chosen location on an inner surface of at least one wall of the hollow glass item, thereby superimposing the at least one raised or hollow pattern on the shape of the hollow glass item, removing the punch from the cavity of the mold and stripping the hollow glass item, which includes the at least one inner raised and/or hollow pattern. The punch has a body with an end portion, the end portion has an outer side surface. The body includes a raised or hollow pattern on the outer side surface of the end portion. The raised or hollow pattern is independent of the shape of the hollow glass item. A device for manufacturing a hollow glass item is also provided.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for producing a reliable breaking line for the industrial cutting to length of glass sheets by means of a cutting wheel running on a float glass line under pressure imposed from above, with the following features: a) the location of the beginning of a breaking line is determined and a cutting wheel holder (20) with a cutting wheel (2) is brought into position, b) the cutting wheel holder (20) is lowered and the cutting wheel (2) is lowered onto the glass sheet (1) concerned with the desired pressing pressure, wherein the pressing pressure is set by means of a swing arm (3) and is monitored by means of a strain gauge (4) secured thereto, c) a change in the height of the glass sheet (1) prompts a control signal for an actuating motor (12) to be derived from the change in the resistance of the strain gauge (4), and the actuating motor brings about a corresponding change in the pressing pressure of the cutting wheel (2).

Abstract: A method for producing a silica glass preform for an optical fiber includes processes for producing a silica glass soot body having a core portion added with a positive dopant and an intermediate portion having a refractive index lower than that of the core portion, heating the soot body at a temperature for transparently vitrifying the same in a helium atmosphere containing a negative dopant and forming a first core rod having the intermediate portion added with the negative dopant, giving a silica glass soot layer as a trench portion to an outer circumference of the first core rod, heating the soot layer at a temperature for transparently vitrifying the same in the helium atmosphere and forming a second core rod having the trench portion added with the negative dopant, and giving silica glass as a cladding portion to an outer circumference of the second core rod.

Abstract: A glass composition of the present invention includes, in mol %, 66 to 72% SiO2, 1 to 4% Al2O3, 8 to 15% MgO, 1 to 8% CaO, 12 to 16% Na2O, and 0 to 1% K2O. A total content of MgO and CaO is in a range of 12 to 17%, and a molar ratio of CaO to the total content of MgO and CaO is in a range of 0.1 to 0.4. The glass composition of the present invention is suitable for production by the float process, and is suitable for chemical strengthening.

Abstract: An optical fiber containing an alkali metal element and exhibiting low attenuation as well as excellent radiation resistance is provided. The optical fiber of the present invention has a core region and a cladding region enclosing the core region. The core region contains alkali metal elements by an average concentration of 0.2 atomic ppm or more. The attenuation at a wavelength of 1550 nm after irradiating with the radiation of 0.10 Gy or more of cumulative absorbed dose increases by 0.02 dB/km or less as compared with the attenuation exhibited prior to radiation exposure.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a material including a glass or glass-ceramic substrate provided, on at least one of its faces, with a stack of thin layers including a functional layer based on indium tin oxide, the process including successively depositing the functional layer and then, under a pressure of at most 2.5 ?bar, an oxygen barrier layer by magnetron cathode sputtering on the at least one face of the substrate.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments described herein, an apparatus may hold and retain glass articles during processing. The apparatus may comprise a base frame comprising a bottom support plate and a plurality of ware keepers positioned on the bottom support plate. Each ware keeper of the plurality of ware keepers may comprise a plurality of retention bodies formed from wire segments and defining a ware receiving volume therebetween. Each retention body may comprise one or more of a base connection stem, a seat segment, a body segment, a retention segment, and a lever segment. The seat segments of the retention bodies may form a ware seat positioned above and substantially parallel to the bottom support plate. According to another embodiment, an assembly may comprise a plurality of magazine apparatus.

Abstract: A method of performing ion exchange of a thin, flexible glass substrate having an average thickness equal to or less than about 0.3 mm to chemically strengthen the glass substrate is disclosed. The chemically strengthened glass substrate comprises a first compressive stress layer having a first depth of layer, and a second compressive stress layer having a second depth of layer, the first and second stress layers being separated by a layer of tensile stress. A laminated article comprising the chemically strengthened glass substrate is also described.

Abstract: A sizing composition for insulating products based on mineral wool, in particular glass or rock wool, includes at least one reducing saccharide, at least one hydrogenated saccharide, at least one polyfunctional crosslinking agent, and at least one polyglycerol.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production calcium sulfoaluminate (belite, ferrite, ternesite) clinker using fluxes/mineralizers comprising the following steps —providing a raw meal comprising at least sources of CaO, AI2O3, SO3 —sintering the raw meal in a kiln at 1100 to 1350° C. to provide a clinker, —cooling the clinker, wherein at least one compound containing copper and a glass powder or a glass powder are added prior to sintering. The invention further relates to the clinker obtained, as well as to calcium sulfoaluminate based cements and binders produced from the clinker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to composite binders containing calcium sulfoaluminate cement and supplementary cementitious material, wherein a weight ratio of calcium sulfate to the sum of ye'elimite, aluminates and ferrites (R$/(Y+A+F)) ranges from 0.5 to 0.85, to a method of manufacturing them comprising the steps: a) providing at least one calcium sulfoaluminate cement b) providing at least one supplementary cementitious material c) mixing 10 to 90% by weight calcium sulfoaluminate cement(s) with 10 to 90% by weight supplementary cementitious material(s), and to their use for making hydraulically setting building materials and special construction chemical compositions.

Abstract: There is provided a method for operating a cement plant capable of simultaneously optimizing both combustion in a calciner and a heat consumption rate.

Abstract: A coated fibre comprising a fibre comprising polyester, and a coating on the fibre, said coating comprising a cross-linked silicone prepared by cross-linking on the fibre one or more silicon-containing compounds selected from an organosilane and organosilicone resin, wherein at least one of said silicon-containing compounds has at least three cross-linking groups is provided, together with a method of preparing such a fibre, a concrete composition comprising such coated fibres, and a method of preparing such a concrete composition.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for recycling gypsum board which includes grinding the raw material into chunks, crushing the material further in a rolling mill which will reduce material sizes as well as partially knock gypsum off its backing paper. Material is then screened such that only gypsum material is then deposited into a hopper prior to a mixer assembly which mixes the various sizes of recycled gypsum into a consistent mixture prior to passing such material into a roll press subsystem for densifying such material to produce material of known and uniform composition suitable for cement manufacturing. Reclaimed gypsum in this specific physical form factor may then be used in significant portions as replacement for virgin gypsum in cement manufacture. The method and apparatus are applicable to the recycling of both new and renovation gypsum-based building material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a block polymer as fluid loss control agent in a fluid injected under pressure into an oil-bearing rock, where: the fluid comprises solid particles and/or is brought into contact with solid particles within the oil-bearing rock subsequent to its injection, the polymer comprises: a first block which is adsorbed on at least a portion of the particles; and a second block with a composition distinct from that of the first and with a weight-average molecular weight of greater than 10 000 g/mol, for example of greater than 100 000 g/mol, and which is soluble in the fluid.

Abstract: A method for making geopolymer cementitious binder compositions for cementitious products such as concrete, precast construction elements and panels, mortar, patching materials for road repairs and other repair materials, and the like is disclosed. The geopolymer cementitious compositions of some embodiments are made by mixing a synergistic mixture of thermally activated aluminosilicate mineral, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, a calcium sulfate and a chemical activator with water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydraulic binder system based on calcined aluminum oxide for use in refractory materials. The invention further relates to a process for producing the hydraulic binder system and also to the use thereof.

Abstract: A binder material useful for forming a concrete type material includes, calculated on a dry, water and carbon dioxide free basis, a base component constituting 50-95 wt % of the binder material, the base component having ground granulated blast furnace slag and an activator component constituting 5-50 wt % of the binder material. The activator component includes aluminum sulfate and a sodium hydroxide generating compound. The final binder material includes, calculated on a dry, water and carbon dioxide free basis, ground granulated blast-furnace slag 35-95 wt %, aluminum sulfate AI2(SO4)3 1-25 wt %, and sodium hydroxide generating compound 4-35 wt %.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cement compositions and methods of using set-delayed cement compositions in subterranean formations. An embodiment includes a method of cementing in a subterranean formation comprising: providing a cement composition comprising water, pumice, hydrated lime, a set retarder, and a strength enhancer, wherein the strength enhancer comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of cement kiln dust, slag, amorphous silica, a pozzolan, and any combination thereof; introducing the cement composition into the subterranean formation; and allowing the cement composition to set in the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A Lassenite-containing water-based drilling mud composition for use in cementing operations, and method of using same is provided. The composition includes water, Lassenite, a heavy-weight additive, a viscosifier, a dispersant and at least one of a set activator, a fluid loss control additive and a shale stabilizer.

Abstract: Domain polarization can affect the surface properties of ferroelectric oxides. Mechanical energy is exploited to enable direct chemical reactions on the ferroelectric surface by the piezoelectric effect. Transient local electrostatic potentials on ferroelectric surface evoked by external mechanical excitation through the piezoelectric effect can activate redox reactions in solution at predefined domain locations. Conversion of mechanical via electrical to chemical energy can thereby be realized.

Abstract: Metal oxide particles, such as molded particles, as well as methods of making and articles containing the same. The particles can contain at least 70 mol percent ZrO2, and can be made by a molding process.

Abstract: A construction comprising a sintered polycrystalline super-hard layer having mutually opposite reinforced boundaries, each of which is bonded to a respective reinforcement structure, in which the super-hard layer comprises polycrystalline diamond (PCD) material or polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) material. The construction will be configured such that the equivalent circle diameter of each reinforced boundary is at least ten times the mean thickness of the super-hard layer between them. The reinforcement structures will be substantially free of material having a melting point of less than 2,000 degrees Celsius, at least adjacent the reinforced boundaries.

Abstract: A refractory brick including a refractory composition comprising, by weight based on total weight of the composition: 5% to 50% olivine; 3.5% to 35% magnesia-alumina spinel; optionally, 1% to 10% alumina; and the balance essentially magnesite and impurities. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the refractory brick can have a thermal conductivity of 2.6 W/(m·K) or less when tested at 1400° C., while maintaining a coefficient of thermal expansion of 12.6×10?6/° C. or less.

Abstract: A method to produce a cement with an integrated curing agent for concrete mixtures, mortars and other cement-based materials is disclosed. The method describes an integrated milling of all cement components (clinker, gypsum and other additives) and the curing agent, that will allow reducing the plastic shrinkage cracking on the casted elements that use this cement-based mix.

Abstract: The disclosure describes techniques for forming a surface layer of an article including a CMC using a cast. In some examples, the surface layer includes three-dimensional surface features, which may increase adhesion between the CMC and a coating on the CMC. In some examples, the surface layer may include excess material, with or without three-dimensional surface features, which is on the CMC. The excess material may be machined to remove some of the excess material and facilitate conforming the article to dimensional tolerances, e.g., for fitting the article to another component. The excess material may reduce a likelihood that the CMC (e.g., reinforcement material in the CMC) is damaged by the machining.

Abstract: Disclosed is a high temperature withstand silver plated surface structure for heat dissipation ceramic substrate used to provide a surface for mounting a LED die unit on the surface of the substrate. The surface of the substrate is covered with a silver cover layer composed of a reduction nickel layer, a reduction palladium layer and a reduction silver layer stacked in order, or a reduction nickel layer, a reduction palladium layer and a replacement silver layer stacked in order. With this structure the silver layer on the substrate is able to keep away from deterioration or color change by instantaneous high temperature rise during the process of performing eutectic bonding of the flip chip LED die unit on the substrate, or by high ambient temperature caused by a long term use of the LED die unit so as to stabilize the LED quality.

Abstract: A method for removing salts from a porous material, using cyclical wetting and drying of the surface of the material. The basic idea of the method is to identify a salt that is desired to be removed from the material, along with its equilibrium moisture content. A piece of sheeting is placed on the surface of the material and the edges of the sheeting are sealed against the surface. Moist air is then passed inside the sheeting until the surface of the material has been wetted. Dry air is then passed inside the sheeting until the relative humidity of the air inside the sheeting comes below the equilibrium moisture content of the salt. Cycles of supply of moist air and dry air are repeated until a desired amount of salt crystals is formed on the surface of the material and the salt crystals are removed from the surface.

Abstract: A method of producing heat for industrial purposes such as power generation can use at least one, if not two exothermic reactions. First, methane may be produced from carbon dioxide and hydrogen in a reactor. This reaction produces heat. The methane may be burned, or oxidized (which is also an exothermic reaction) to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen. Oxygen and/or hydrogen may supplement the process as could be produced from the electrolysis of water. Carbon dioxide may be obtained from a variety of sources.

Abstract: Processes and systems for cracking feeds to produce olefins are provided. The process for cracking feeds can include converting a first feed containing at least about 50 wt % methanol in a first riser under a first set of process conditions to produce a first effluent enriched in ethylene, propylene, or a mixture thereof, wherein the first effluent contains at least about 25 wt % dry basis propylene and converting a second feed containing C4-C10 light hydrocarbons in a second riser under a second set of process conditions to produce a second effluent enriched in ethylene, propylene, or a mixture thereof. The process can also include combining the first effluent with the second effluent to produce a mixed effluent, separating the mixed effluent to produce a coked-catalyst and a gaseous product, regenerating the coked-catalyst, and recycling the regenerated catalyst to the first and second risers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for making C2 or larger hydrocarbons from methane or for dehydrogenating C2 or larger hydrocarbons. The method can include contacting methane or C2 or larger hydrocarbons with a hydridable material under reaction conditions sufficient to effect removal of at least one hydrogen atom from a plurality of methane molecules or C2 or larger hydrocarbons to produce a plurality of methyl radicals or to dehydrogenate the C2 or larger hydrocarbons. With respect to the produced plurality of methyl radicals, they can combine together to form C2 or larger hydrocarbons. The reaction is performed in the absence of oxygen gas and reactive metal oxides.

Abstract: A reactor and process for removing unsaturated alkynes and diolefinic impurities from olefins and oxygenates is described.

Abstract: The invention provides an improved process to manufacture 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HCFC-244bb) by reacting 2-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233xf) with hydrogen fluoride, in a liquid phase reaction in the presence of hydrogen chloride and a liquid phase fluorination catalyst. The hydrogen chloride is added into the reaction from an external source at a pressure of about 100 psig or more. The HCFC-244bb is an intermediate in the production of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene-1 (HFO-1234yf).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid catalyst for producing ethanol from acetic acid, ethyl acetate, or mixtures thereof comprising a core region comprising a Group IIA metal and a surface region surrounding the core region and comprising one or more main metals. The total loading of the main metals in the catalyst is greater than or equal to 1 wt. %. Also more than 85% of main metals are located in the surface region, based on the total loading of the main metals in the catalyst. The surface region may comprise two or more layers.

Abstract: [Object] It is intended to provide a crystalline maltitol powder less prone to consolidation, which is free from the formation of a lump during delivery or storage thereof, does not require pulverization or re-classification in use, is easy to handle in transfer, package opening, addition or mixing to another food material, and so on, and allows for automated transportation and so on. [Means for solving the object] The crystalline maltitol powder less prone to consolidation is obtained by charging crystalline or powdery maltitol into a shelf type dryer, a tunnel-type dryer, a cylindrical container, or the like and subjecting the equipment or container to a treatment wherein an air having a temperature of 30 to 33° C. and a relative humidity of 5% is allowed to flow into the equipment or container from one side thereof and withdrawn out of the other side thereof at a space velocity of 11 to 12 for consecutive 24 hours.

Abstract: The invention relates to fused cyclooctyne compounds, and to a method for their preparation. The invention also relates to a conjugate wherein a fused cyclooctyne compound according to the invention is conjugated to a label, and to the use of these conjugates in bioorthogonal labeling, imaging and/or modification, such as for example surface modification, of a target molecule. The invention further relates to a method for the modification of a target molecule, wherein a conjugate according to the invention is reacted with a compound comprising a 1,3-dipole or a 1,3-(hetero)diene.

Abstract: A compound for treating a metabolic syndrome, comprising a structure of a 6Cs unit-3Cs unit-6Cs unit (C6-C3-C6) as shown in formula I, wherein: when R1 and R2 are both hydrogens, C3 has only single bonds; when R1 is an oxygen and R2 is one selected from a group consisting of an alkoxy, a benzyloxy and a halogen, C3 has only single bonds; when R1 is a deuterium and R2 is one selected from a group consisting of a hydrogen, an alkoxy, a benzyloxy and a halogen, C3 has one of a single bond and a double bond.

Abstract: The present invention provides a particulate composition wherein an oil component containing reduced coenzyme Q10 is polydispersed forming a domain in a matrix containing a water-soluble excipient, which simultaneously shows high oxidative stability and high oral absorbability, a production method thereof, and a stabilizing method thereof. It also provides a food, food with nutrient function claims, food for specified health uses, dietary supplement, nutritional product, animal drug, drink, feed, pet food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical product, therapeutic drug, prophylactic drug and the like, which contain the composition.

Abstract: The present specification discloses methods of purifying one or more cannabinoids from a plant material, purified cannabinoids and pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more cannabinoids produced by the disclosed method, methods and uses for treating a disease or condition employing such purified cannabinoids and pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A method of producing a diol diester, which includes reacting a fatty acid alkyl ester having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, an ?,?-alkanediol having n carbon atoms, wherein n is an integer from 2 to 22; and a basic transesterification catalyst, is provided. Use of the diol diesters as phase change materials is also provided.

Abstract: In a process for the production of dialkyl succinate from a feedstock comprising maleic anhydride, feed in the liquid phase is provided to a reactor operated at a temperature of at least about 150° C. The feed is contacted with hydrogen at a pressure of at least about 300 psig in the presence of an acid tolerant catalyst and an alkanol wherein at least some of the carbon carbon double bonds of the maleic anhydride are hydrogenated to form succinic acid and that the heat generated promotes esterification to dialkyl succinate in situ. A stream of dialkyl succinate is recovered from the reactor.

Abstract: Methods of making branched isoparaffin compositions derived from natural oil based linear internal olefins are disclosed. Uses of branched isoparaffins formed by such methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to naphthalene compounds of Formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, wherein the substituents are as described herein, and their use in medicine for the treatment of diseases, disorders associated with the modulation of calcium sensing receptor modulators (Ca SR). The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds in treating diseases disorders associated with calcium sensing receptor modulators (Ca SR) channel modulators.

Abstract: Stability of an aromatic compound is improved by mixing therewith at least one selected from resorcin and its derivatives, and salts thereof. The aromatic compound may be at least one selected from an aromatic amine, an aromatic nitro compound, a phenol compound, an aromatic azo compound, and a fused ring compound.