Abstract: A burner (1) comprises a front wall (2) with an exchanger opening (4) for the passage of a heat exchanger (14), a rear wall (5) with a fume discharge opening (7), a tubular side wall (8), a tubular diffuser wall (9) within the side wall (8), an annular distribution chamber (12) formed between the side wall (8), a combustion chamber (13) formed within the diffuser wall (9) and suitable for the insertion of the heat exchanger (14), wherein the rear wall (5) comprises a cooling interspace in flow communication with the gas supply line of the burner.

Abstract: The invention concerns an afterbody for a mixed-flow turbojet engine having a central axis (LL), comprising a lobed mixer (6), having alternating hot lobes (12) projecting into the secondary flow (F2) and cold lobes (13) penetrating into the primary flow (F1), and a nozzle (1) comprising, on the trailing edge (14) of same, longitudinal indentations (15) defining a crown of noise-reducing chevrons (7), characterised in that, at a predefined abscissa (X5) on the central axis (LL) downstream from the lobed mixer (6), the inner wall (2) of the nozzle (1) has a neck where the surface area of the transverse passage section of a flow into the nozzle passes through a minimum, and in that, downstream from this predefined abscissa (X5), the radius of the inner wall (2) of the nozzle (1) varies between the indentations (15) and the chevrons (7) so as to produce, in the flow, in the vicinity of said crown of chevrons (7), azimuth fluctuations of the Mach number.

Abstract: An afterbody for a turbojet engine having a central axis, provided with a nozzle comprising two doors mounted facing each other between two lateral beams pivoting around axes defining a pivot direction, between a retracted position, in which a middle portion of the downstream edge of said doors forms the edge of the outlet section of the nozzle combined with the downstream edges of the two lateral beams, and a deployed position, in which said middle portions of the downstream edges of the pivoting doors come together so as to block the channel between the two lateral beams in order to reverse the thrust of the turbojet engine gases, the edge of the outlet section of the nozzle further having a crown of noise-reducing chevrons alternating with indentations and the afterbody wherein each noise-reducing chevron formed on the middle portion of the downstream edge of a pivoting door is opposite an indentation in the middle portion of the other pivoting door in the direction perpendicular to said pivot direction, t

Abstract: A disclosed turbofan engine includes a gas generator section for generating a gas stream flow. A speed reduction device is driven by the power turbine. A propulsor section includes a fan driven by the power turbine through the speed reduction device at a second speed lower than the first speed for generating propulsive thrust as a mass flow rate of air through a bypass flow path. The fan includes a tip diameter greater than about fifty (50) inches and an Engine Unit Thrust Parameter (“EUTP”) defined as net engine thrust divided by a product of the mass flow rate of air through the bypass flow path, a tip diameter of the fan and the first rotational speed of the power turbine is less than about 0.30 at a take-off condition.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine according to an example of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a fan section including a fan rotor. The fan rotor includes a fan hub defining a first diameter at a leading edge of a fan blade. The fan blade defines a tip diameter at the leading edge, with a ratio of the fan hub diameter to the fan tip diameter being less than or equal to 0.40. A compressor section includes a low pressure compressor and a high pressure compressor. A turbine section includes a fan drive turbine and a high pressure turbine. The fan drive turbine is configured to drive the fan section, and the high pressure turbine is configured to drive the high pressure compressor.

Abstract: A turbine exhaust system including a bypass fluid duct that includes: an outer exit shroud and an inner mold line (IML) forming a channel from an inlet to an outlet of the bypass fluid duct, a moveable diffuser configured to move between a forward and aft locations, and a door configured to pivot between minimum and maximum door angles, wherein the moveable diffuser and the door together form the outer exit shroud. The bypass fluid duct is configured to: receive an incoming fluid stream in a first direction through the inlet; bypass the incoming fluid stream around a turbine generator; and direct a flow path of the incoming fluid stream from the inlet through the outlet to join an ambient fluid flow. A movement of the door and the diffuser, from an unextended position to a fully or partially extended position varies a shape and volume of the channel.

Abstract: A bypass duct for a gas turbine engine includes as an inner surface, an intermediate case, an inner fixed structure (IFS), and a heat exchanger outlet mounted to the outer surface of the intermediate case or the forward portion of the IFS. The heat exchanger outlet is oriented to bathe the surface of the bypass duct case downstream of the heat exchanger outlet with low momentum heat exchanger exhaust to reduce skin friction losses for the bypass duct.

Abstract: A fuel air delivery circuit, system, and method for the intake of an internal combustion engine, that provides an enhanced pressure condition to a supplementary or auxiliary air fuel circuit or circuits in connection with a conventional fuel delivery passage or passages, such as, but not limited to, a main, needle, or other jet, injector port, manifold, plenum, or the like, to provide enhanced vaporization and mixture of the fuel and air, and delivery to an associated intake path, such as the bore of a carburetor, intake runner, or the like, to provide improved throttle response and acceleration, and additionally which supplementary circuit will automatically recharge with fuel when a triggering condition is present, such as under steady state and deceleration conditions.

Abstract: A method for a fuel system is presented, comprising directing purge air through a first fuel vapor canister but not a second fuel vapor canister based on a load of the first fuel vapor canister being greater than a threshold. In this way, purging of the first canister may be prioritized and completed without passing desorbed fuel vapors through the second canister, thereby reducing the amount of time needed to purge the first canister, and reducing overall emissions.

Abstract: A thermal screen for use with an exhaust gas recirculation system. The thermal screen is configured to direct the flow of exhaust gases that pass through an exhaust gas recirculation valve toward the tubes of an exhaust gas recirculation cooler. Moreover, the thermal screen is configured to direct the flow of exhaust gases through openings in a header of the exhaust gas recirculation cooler so as to reduce and/or prevent a front surface of the header from being directly exposed to the passing exhaust gases and the heat entrained in those gases. By minimizing and/or preventing the front surface from direct exposure to the exhaust gases, the thermal screen may reduce the thermal strain on the header that is typically associated with differences in temperatures between the front and back surfaces of the header.

Abstract: An improved exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system comprises combustion chambers divided into a first portion and a second portion. An intake valve and an exhaust valve are associated with each combustion chamber. An intake manifold is in fluid communication with the combustion chambers through respective intake valves. A first exhaust manifold is in fluid communication with said first portion of combustion chambers through respective exhaust valves. A second exhaust manifold is in fluid communication with said second portion of combustion chambers through respective exhaust valves. An EGR exhaust valve is associated with each combustion chamber in said second portion. An EGR manifold is in fluid communication with each combustion chamber in said second portion through respective EGR exhaust valves and with said at least one intake manifold.

Abstract: The invention relates to a distribution module (11) for distributing an inlet mixture to at least two cylinders of a heat engine, this inlet mixture selectively comprising:—cooled inlet air, or—non-cooled inlet air, or—recirculation gas, or—a combination of at least two of the above elements, the module (11) comprising:—a first inlet (21) for conveying cooled inlet air into the module (11),—a second inlet (22) for conveying non-cooled inlet air into the module (11),—a third inlet (23) for conveying recirculation gas into the module (11), the module being arranged to distribute the inlet mixture substantially equally between said at least two cylinders.

Abstract: An intake manifold for an internal combustion engine comprises upper and lower shell members with outer flanges. The shell members define a manifold cavity having a plenum and a plurality of runners. The upper shell includes an upper post formed as an indentation into the plenum with a tunnel wall and a terminus wall. The lower shell includes a lower post formed as an indentation into the plenum with a tunnel wall and a terminus wall. The terminus walls are attached to provide a brace across the plenum. One of the posts includes an orifice penetrating the tunnel wall. A sealed coupler extends from the one post and is adapted to receive a secondary gas for mixing within the plenum. Thus, secondary gases can be introduced without additional structures that could impede gas flow and could increase manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A combined fuel for use in an internal combustion engine comprises a combination of partially combusted particles from the engine exhaust, said particles being in suspension in ordinary fuel. A method and apparatus for recycling partially combusted particulate material by collecting those materials. The particulate materials are combined with ordinary fuel in the fuel system to form the combined fuel which is filtered and fed the engine for combustion.

Abstract: Embodiments for a fuel filter are provided. In one example, a diesel fuel filter comprises a header having an inlet port, an outlet port, a recirculation inlet port, and a recirculation outlet port; and a filter body made having different material than the header, the filter body coupled with the header and housing a filter membrane. In this way, electrostatic discharge may be reduced.

Abstract: A fuel pressure regulator includes a housing defining a fuel inlet and a fuel outlet; a valve seat located between the fuel inlet and the fuel outlet, the valve seat being centered about a valve seat axis; a valve member centered about a valve member axis, the valve member being moveable between 1) a closed position where the valve member engages the valve seat to prevent fuel flow from the fuel inlet to the fuel outlet and 2) an open position where the valve member is disengaged from the valve seat to permit fuel flow from the fuel inlet to the fuel outlet; and a grounding member grounded to the housing which engages the valve member to cause the valve member axis to tip relative to the valve seat axis when the valve member moves from the closed position to the open position.

Abstract: A unit pump for use in a combustion engine is disclosed, as well as a method for assembling said combustion engine. The unit pump includes a tappet interacting with a crankshaft or camshaft for providing the fuel injection. The tappet includes first fixing sections interacting with a fastener to position the tappet relative to the cylinder or engine housing of the combustion engine when assembled.

Abstract: A pressure-limiting valve for a fuel injection system includes a housing having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, a sealing seat, and a sealing body configured to move between a closed position in which the sealing body is in contact with the sealing seat, which blocks fluid flow from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, and additional positions that permit such fluid flow, and a holding device for keeping the sealing body in one of the additional positions if the sealing body is moved at least a specified distance away from the sealing seat.

Abstract: A valve arrangement for a high pressure pump includes a pump housing with a depression, and a valve housing configured to be inserted in the depression, and a clamping disc. The valve housing has at least one radial projection with a first axial boundary surface and a second axial boundary surface arranged opposite the first axial boundary surface, wherein the clamping disc extends radially over the radial projection of the valve housing and has a third axial boundary surface that corresponds with the second axial boundary surface of the valve housing. On the circumferential side, the clamping disc has a thread that can be screwed into a thread on the inner side of the depression to brace the valve housing onto the first boundary surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fuel injector for internal combustion engines for injecting fuel at high pressure, comprising a pressure chamber formed in an injector body, in which pressure chamber a nozzle needle is arranged in a longitudinally movable manner, which nozzle needle has a cone region tapered in a combustion chamber direction and a pin region having a constant diameter d23 at a combustion-chamber end of the nozzle needle. The injector body has a substantially conical nozzle needle seat, from which a first injection opening extends, and a blind hole, which adjoins the nozzle needle seat on the combustion chamber side. The blind hole has a cylindrical segment, which has the diameter d31, and a hole base, from which a second injection opening extends. The cone region of the nozzle needle interacts with the nozzle needle seat and thereby opens and closes the first injection opening and the second injection opening with respect to the pressure chamber.

Abstract: In an injection hole of a nozzle, a maximum value of a longitudinal length of an inlet, which is measured in a direction of an inlet longitudinal axis of the inlet, is larger than a maximum value of a longitudinal length of an outlet, which is measured in a direction of an outlet longitudinal axis of the outlet. A rear end edge of an opening edge of the inlet is shaped into an arc. When the maximum value of the inlet is made larger than the maximum value of the outlet, an upstream end of the inlet can be placed at a further upstream side, so that a turn angle of a fuel flow can be reduced to increase the flow coefficient. Furthermore, when the rear end edge is shaped into the arc, the maximum value of the inlet can be increased.

Abstract: A method for preparing a start/stop system of a motor vehicle drive for a future driveaway process may include determining a future change time of a traffic light signal emitter from red light to green light; and automatically starting an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle drive at a start time which comes before the future change time by a predetermined duration.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for injecting and combusting an amount of gaseous fuel during an exhaust stroke of a cylinder combustion event in order to reduce turbo lag and reduce a duration of time required for an exhaust catalyst to light-off during transient events. In one example, when an increase in torque demand is greater than a threshold, a first amount of gaseous fuel may be combusted during a compression stroke of a cylinder combustion event and a second amount of gaseous fuel may be combusted during an exhaust stroke of the combustion event. The second amount may be adjusted based on the increase in torque demand.

Abstract: A control device of an internal combustion engine in a simple configuration capable of finely detecting the combustion state of the internal combustion engine, for example, an occurrence of knocking from an ionic current signal is provided. A control device 20 of an internal combustion engine 100 having an ionic current value detection unit 42 that detects an ionic current value during combustion including an ionic current signal processing unit 20l that performs signal processing of the ionic current value and a detection unit 20m that detects a combustion state of the internal combustion engine 100 based on a processing result by the ionic current signal processing unit 20l, wherein the ionic current signal processing unit 20l includes a differentiating unit 20la that calculates a differential value of the ionic current value is provided.

Abstract: A precession fluid turbine comprises a stator (1) with an intake (3) for fluid and with an outlet (4) for fluid, and in the stator (1) a bladeless rolling rotor (2) is set on holding equipment (6). The rotor (2) is formed by a body of rotational shape. The holding equipment (6) is adapted to allow the rolling of the rotor (2) along the interior side of the stator (1). The rolling rotor (2) is connected by a mechanism (5) to an electric current generator (7) placed in a watertight case (8). The mechanism (5) comprises a crankshaft (9) placed between the rolling rotor (2) and the electric current generator (7), and the crankshaft (9) is provided with a magnetic clutch (10).

Abstract: A power converting apparatus that may increase a generation efficiency by receiving a power from a power source, producing electricity by rotating an output shaft connected to a generator using a portion of the received power, accumulating a remaining portion of the received power in an energy storage device, and rotating the output shaft using the accumulated energy when a power is not transmitted from the power source, the power source that floats in the ocean, performs irregular motions in vertical and horizontal directions by waves within a predetermined range, and generates an intermittent linear power, is provided.

Abstract: This method is for controlling a turbine for a hydraulic power plant comprising at least one reservoir, the turbine comprising a hub having several blades. The method includes running the turbine in at least two different operating modes including a direct power-generating mode and an indirect power-generating mode, when a flow of water fills the reservoir or when the reservoir is emptied.

Abstract: The various embodiments disclosed herein provide a generalized system for extracting gravitational energy from the planet and provide for a general, pollution free, mass lifting and energy conversion system in which the laws of fluid flow, and in particular buoyancy and gravity are utilized to lift an arbitrary mass to a higher gravitational potential energy, where upon the increased potential energy can be converted to other forms of energy. Novel and non-obvious features of the fluid interface device, used to insert the buoyant object into the buoyant fluid, insure that the insertion energy is less than the potential energy gained by the object. The net increase in potential energy can be converted to other forms of energy such as electrical power or mechanical energy. It is shown in that energy gain is effectively extracted from the gravitational field of the planet without breaking the laws of conservation of energy.

Abstract: The invention relates to a load-handling means for a tower or a tower section of a wind turbine, which load-handling means has tower-attachment means for attachment to an upper end or in the region of an upper end of a tower or a tower section of a wind turbine, and attachment points for attaching at least one anchoring means of a lifting gear unit. The invention also relates to a method for erecting a wind turbine, in particular an offshore wind turbine. The load-handling means according to the invention includes at least one oscillation damper, or at least one oscillation damper is attached, in particular releasably and/or exchangeably, to the load-handling means, the damping frequency of which oscillation damper lies in the region of a natural frequency of a clamped or freestanding tower or tower section without a gondola.

Abstract: A method is provided of shaping a curved rotor blade for storage and/or transport such that an overall cross-extension of the rotor blade is reduced in at least one direction perpendicular to a longitudinal principal extension of the rotor blade. The method includes the step of introducing a shaping tool into an interior of the rotor blade, which shaping tool is preferably stiffer than the rotor blade at least in a direction defined by the cross-extension in the at least one direction. A shaping tool is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wind turbine generator compatible with high and low wind speeds, which includes: a fan blade assembly, which comprises a rotation shaft and at least one fan blade connected with the rotation shaft, the fan blade comprising a curved plate, a cover plate which is fixedly connected with an edge of the curved plate so as to form an air inlet together with the curved plate and a connecting member provided for installation of the fan blade; a speed increaser, which has a rotation shaft connected with the fan blade assembly; a wind-driven generator, which is driven to generate electricity by the speed increaser; and a mounting rack, which is provided to fix the speed increaser and the wind-driven generator. The present invention is applicable to a wide range of wind speed and has high-usage of wind energy, simple structure and long life.

Abstract: An erosion resistant aerodynamic fairing for a rotor blade. A fairing body is formed from at least one reinforcing fibre layer set in a cured resin. An erosion resistant pre-form is fixed to an outer surface of the fairing body. The erosion resistant pre-form comprises a thermoplastic film outer layer fused to a fibre substrate. The fibre substrate of the erosion resistant pre-form is impregnated with the cured resin of the fairing body which fixes at the preform to the fairing body.

Abstract: A blade for a wind turbine having an airfoil with a thickness of at least 20% and in particular at least 25% including a vortex generator pair between chord wise position 20% c and 70% c, the vortex generator pair including 2 not directly connected fins and a base which interconnects the fins and where the fins are placed under opposite angles of attack. The fins are cambered by at least 1% in particular by at least 2% and more particularly by a least 3% of the fin chord. According to an embodiment the base of the vortex generator pair is W-shaped, the fins of a pair are designed to generate contra rotating vortices and the distance between the suction sides of the fins is approximately 150% of that between the pressure sides and the trailing part of the fins is rounded so that non-concentrated vortices are generated.

Abstract: A system includes at least one processor and at least one module operable by the at least one processor to receive at least one sensor measurement. The at least one sensor measurement may include at least one of a wind speed measurement, or a wind direction measurement. The at least one module may be further operable to determine, using a stochastic filter, and based on the at least one sensor measurement, at least one predicted attribute of a wake generated by a wind turbine, the wind turbine being one of a plurality of wind turbines of a wind plant.

Abstract: A screened wind power generation system for generating power in locations where the sight of wind turbines is undesirable or where advertising space can be utilized. The system uses a screen to cover wind turbines with a mesh size and other characteristics that are appropriate for allowing sufficient wind to pass through to wind turbines. The mesh can be coated or imprinted with surface indicia that constitute advertising or create an appearance that blends with surroundings better than an unscreened wind power generation system. The depth of the screen can vary to better enable muffling of wind turbine noise. The screen cross-section can have an aerodynamic shape to facilitate wind flow through the screen.

Abstract: A tower assembly for supporting a wind turbine comprises a concrete tower portion having two or more concrete tower segments arranged upon each other, wherein each of said two or more concrete tower segments is a hollow segment. The tower assembly further comprises a supporting means capable of receiving bending loads from said concrete tower portion wherein said supporting means is connected to said concrete tower portion at a predetermined height and it sticks to the ground at a predetermined distance from the concrete tower portion. The wall thickness of the lower wall of two adjacent concrete tower segments is different from the wall thickness of the upper one of said two adjacent concrete tower segments.

Abstract: A retrofitted wind turbine installation comprising a newly constructed tower assembly and elements demounted from an existing wind turbine installation is disclosed. Furthermore, a method for retrofitting of an existing wind turbine installation comprising the steps of providing a new tower assembly, demounting one or more elements from an existing wind turbine installation, mounting the one or more elements from the existing wind turbine installation on the new tower assembly is disclosed as well.

Abstract: A wind turbine is provided, having a wind turbine tower and at least one rotatable blade, and further comprising a system for measuring rotor blade vibration of said wind turbine. The system comprises at least one Doppler radar unit operatively configured to emit and receive radar signals, the radar unit being mounted on the wind turbine tower at a position above the lowest position of the at least one blade, the radar unit being positioned so as to measure reflections of an emitted radar signal from the turbine blade. A processing unit is configured to receive measurement data from the radar unit and to determine, by analysis of Doppler shift in received radar signals relative to transmitted signals due to movement of the blade towards or away from the turbine tower, the velocity of the blade in the direction towards or away from the turbine tower.

Abstract: Frequency analysis units are configured to perform a frequency analysis of vibrations detected by vibration sensors, respectively. A natural frequency detection unit is configured to detect a natural frequency of a wind turbine in accordance with a direction of a nacelle, based on results of the frequency analysis. A change ratio calculation unit calculates a decrease ratio in the natural frequency detected by the natural frequency detection unit. An abnormality detection unit determines that an abnormality is present in the wind turbine if the decrease ratio in the natural frequency calculated by the change ratio calculation unit exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: Three spinning ring rotors, functioning as concentric ring gyro motors, are angled at ninety degrees with respect to one another and are arranged in an orthogonal association inside a substantially spherical housing that includes a central hub with a plurality of spokes attached to the spherical housing with holes for the spokes and coils used for steering. The mass distribution for the rings is such that the rotating ring masses are maximized and the containing mass is minimized. There is minimum friction for the primary rotation of the spinning ring rotors with all other angular forces translated across the containment structures uniformly. These spinning masses remain equal, unless the influence of precisely controlled and oriented destabilizing steering coils are used to disrupt the stability of one or more rotors by placing a controllable and varying magnetic field, from weak to strong, parallel to the axis of the spinning rotors.

Abstract: A cryogenic pump comprising a shaft disposed in a bearing. The shaft rotates with respect to the bearing housing, and the shaft includes an end with an angled face. The pump includes a drive at one end of the bearing housing. A tappet passage is formed through the drive housing. A pushrod housing connects to the drive housing. The pump includes a piston and a tappet sliding within the tappet passage. The tappet has a base end disposed within the tappet passage and a rod end extending below the tappet end of the drive housing. A fluid cavity is in the tappet passage between the piston and the tappet. The pump includes a pushrod connected to the tappet. The angled face of the shaft rotates and drives the piston toward the drive housing, pushing fluid within the fluid cavity against the tappet, driving the pushrod away from the drive housing.

Abstract: A method for operating a linear compressor is provided. The method includes estimating an acceleration of the motor of the linear compressor using at least a robust integral of the sign of the error feedback. A position of the motor of the linear compressor when the motor of the linear compressor is at the bottom dead center point is also determined based at least in part on a measured current to the motor of the linear compressor and an estimated acceleration of the motor. The position of the motor of the linear compressor when the motor of the linear compressor is at a top dead center point is calculated based at least in part on the position of the motor of the linear compressor when the motor of the linear compressor is at the bottom dead center point and a stroke length of the motor of the linear compressor.

Abstract: To provide a pump whose elastic member has long life, a pump according to an embodiment of the invention comprises an inner wall surface having a cylindrical shape, an elastic ring disposed along the inner wall surface and forming an operation chamber extending in a circumferential direction of the elastic ring with respect to the inner wall surface, and a plurality of pressing members pressing a part of the elastic ring in the circumferential direction against the inner wall surface and thereby forming a blocking part in the operation chamber, wherein the plurality of pressing members cause fluid in the operation chamber to move by rotating along the inner wall surface and thereby moving the blocking part, and the elastic ring is disposed to maintain a circumference in a natural state of the elastic ring.

Abstract: Systems and methods in which DC power is provided to a common DC bus to which multiple ESP systems are connected. Each ESP system coupled through an interface unit to the common DC bus. The interface unit selectively allows power from the common DC bus to be provided to a drive which then produces AC power without first having to rectify the power received from the common bus. The AC power produced by the drive is provided to the ESP motor, which drives the pump to lift fluid from the well. Each interface unit may include an input contactor that is closed to couple the ESP to the common DC bus, a charging contactor that is closed to provide power to the ESP, and a charging resistor that allows a capacitor or local bus at the input of the drive to be charged before the charging contactor is closed.

Abstract: A method for operating a linear compressor is provided. The method includes supplying a motor of the linear compressor with a time varying voltage and estimating a back-EMF of the motor of the linear compressor. The method also includes determining a velocity of the motor of the linear compressor based at least in part on the back-EMF of the motor and calculating a stroke length of the motor of the linear compressor based at least in part on the velocity of the motor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an inverter module capable of driving two linear compressors through three upper arm elements and three lower arm elements.

Abstract: A method for operating a linear compressor includes providing a dynamic model for a motor of the linear compressor, estimating values for each unknown constant of a plurality of unknown constants of the dynamic model for the motor and repeatedly updating the estimate for each unknown constant of the plurality of unknown constants of the dynamic model for the motor in order to reduce an error between a measured value for the electrical dynamic model and an estimated valve for the electrical dynamic model.

Abstract: A piston being configured for reciprocating motion in a cylinder bore and for sealing contact with piston seals have a first end arranged for contact with a product to be processed and a second end configured for coupling to a drive means. At least a portion of the piston arranged for contact with the piston seals is coated with a low-friction material, providing a lowered friction as compared to the uncoated piston.

Abstract: A high-pressure wear resistant cylinder that utilizes a high-pressure field for strength is an economical method of, or device for, handling very high pressures and the pumping of abrasive and corrosive fluids. The economic considerations are so favorable, that the invention may be considered a replacement part. The invention is suitable for a variety of applications, particularly a reciprocating flow work exchanger in the well stimulation or hydraulic fracturing industry. Using a high pressure field to strengthen the external surface (outside) of a pipe that is precision honed and plated or sleeved internally (inside), it is now possible to construct various high pressure machines in a relatively inexpensive manner. This invention makes it possible to use pipe with internal operating pressures greater than their nominal operating pressure ratings permit. This invention will be used in various high pressure piping and machinery applications.

Abstract: This oil pump is equipped with a rotatable inner rotor that includes a vane-housing unit housing multiple vanes so as to be capable of sliding in the radial direction, a rotatable annular outer rotor that includes multiple vane-connecting parts connecting the tip ends of the multiple vanes on the outside in the radial direction, first volume-changing parts, which are provided between the inner rotor and the outer rotor, and a first volume of which is changed in response to eccentricity of the inner rotor with respect to the outer rotor, thereby providing a pumping function, and second volume-changing parts, which are provided in the outer rotor, and a second volume of which is changed by a change in the distance between adjacent vane-connecting parts in the circumferential direction in response to eccentricity of the inner rotor with respect to the outer rotor, thereby providing a pumping function.