Abstract: An electrical discharge plasma reactor system for treating a liquid, a gas, and/or a suspension. The reactor system includes a reactor chamber configured to hold the liquid and a gas, a discharge electrode disposed within the gas of the reactor chamber, a non-discharge electrode disposed within the liquid, a gas diffuser disposed within the liquid and configured to induce the generation of a layer of foam on the surface of the liquid in a plasma-contact region, and a power supply connected to the discharge electrode and configured to induce the discharge electrode to generate plasma in the plasma-contact region.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for photoreleasing a moiety G from a compound of the formula A-G. The methods of the present invention comprise irradiating a composition comprising the compound of the formula A-G at a wavelength of >500 nm, so as to photorelease the moiety G from the moiety A; wherein the moiety A comprises a chromophore and the moiety G comprises an organic compound.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a three-dimensional graphene oxide microstructure and making method of thereof. First, a photoreactive agent is added into a graphene oxide solution, wherein the photoreactive agent is a photoreactivator in a nonlinear optical method. Then, the photoreactivator in the graphene oxide solution is activated by a beam emitted from an excitation module to produce singlet oxygen with high activity. Finally, the graphene oxide is activated by the singlet oxygen for an unpaired electron of the graphene oxide covalently bonding with another graphene oxide to form a three-dimensional graphene oxide microstructure. Therefore, two-dimensional graphene oxides are efficiently cross-linked with each other to form a three-dimensional graphene oxide microstructure by a nonlinear optical technique of an ultrafast laser system so as to apply to the development of all electronic and optical components.

Abstract: A pyrolytic reactor comprising a fuel injection zone, a combustion zone adjacent to the fuel injections zone, an expansion zone adjacent to the combustion zone, a feedstock injection zone comprising a plurality of injection nozzles and disposed adjacent to the expansion zone, a mixing zone configured to mix a carrier stream and feed material and disposed adjacent to the feedstock injection zone, and a reaction zone adjacent to the mixing zone. The plurality of injection nozzles are radially distributed in a first assembly defining a first plane transverse to the feedstock injection zone and in a second assembly transverse to the feedstock injection zone.

Abstract: A packing element, for use in mass and/or heat transfer columns or towers through which a gas and/or liquid flows, includes at least one first group of strips having a plurality of exchange surfaces formed by the surfaces of half-wave-shaped and/or wave-shaped strips. The periodic length l1 of a strip of the first group of strips adjoins a second group of strips with a periodic length l2, which are matched to each other in such a way, that the two adjoining strips are in contact with each other at at least one point, enabling a liquid transfer between these two strips. The at least one strip extends from a first end bridge to a second end bridge, wherein the two end bridges run along the transverse direction of the packing element. At least one strip of the packing element is torsioned about a longitudinal torsion line of the packing element.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a sorbent material, comprising firstly providing a porous silica substrate, said substrate comprising a plurality of silanol groups on a surface thereof then reacting said silanol groups with either a silicon compound of formula RnSi(OR?)4-n, where R is an alkyl group and n is 0 or 1, or an aminoalkyl silane of formula R?mRnSi(OR?)4-n-m having at least two hydrolysable groups attached to silicon, where R? is an aminoalkyl group, m is 1 or 2 and n is 0 or 1s or a compound of formula M(OR?)4, or a mixture of any two or more of the preceding compounds, hydrolysing the product, men reacting hydroxyl groups formed with one or more reagents, wherein each reagent is independently selected from the group consisting of an aminoalkyl silane having at least two hydrolysable groups attached to the silicon and a compound of formula M(OR?)4, and finally hydrolysing the product, wherein each OR? independently is a hydrolysable group and each M independently is Zr, Ti, Hf, Sn,

Abstract: A method for preparing a neutral, stable and transparent photocatalytic titanium dioxide sol is provided. The method comprises (1) contacting an alkaline titanium dioxide sol with an alkaline peptizing agent to provide a peptized alkaline titanium dioxide sol; (2) neutralizing the peptized alkaline titanium dioxide sol; and (3) obtaining or collecting the neutral, stable and transparent photocatalytic titanium dioxide sol. The titanium dioxide sol is stable and transparent over a range of pH of about 7.0 to about 9.5. The titanium dioxide sol may include crystallites of titanium dioxide having an average particle size of less than about 10 nm with at least 90% of the crystallites being in the anatase form.

Abstract: Improved catalysts including two-dimensional metal oxide species highly dispersed on a silica support are disclosed, as well methods of making and using such catalysts. The catalysts are substantially free of metal oxide nanoparticles. The higher than expected maximum dispersion densities are obtained in the catalysts by introducing dispersion-promoting sodium ions, and optionally, aluminum ions, onto the silica support. The improved catalysts may be used in a variety of chemical processes, including, without limitation, in dehydrogenation, oxidation, and metathesis reactions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to micron-sized particle used for catalyzing and storing NOx gases, such as those found in vehicle exhaust emissions, washcoats employing micron-sized particle used for catalyzing and storing NOx gases, washcoat coated substrates, lean NOx trap (LNT) systems, and vehicles using such systems. Also provided are methods of preparing micron-sized particle used for catalyzing and storing NOx gases, as well as preparation of washcoats and coated substrates. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a lean NOx trapping materials, wherein the materials include a NOx catalytic component attached to a micron-sized carrier particle and a NOx storage component, as well as washcoats and coated substrates useful in the treatment of exhaust gases. In some embodiments, a portion of the NOx storage component is attached to the micron-sized carrier particle.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification catalytic material is made of a composite oxide. This composite oxide contains Zr and a plurality of rare earth metals, and is doped with Rh. An surface portion of the composite oxide has a higher concentration of at least one of the rare earth metals than an inner portion thereof.

Abstract: Catalysts and methods for their manufacture and use for the dehydrogenation of alcohols are disclosed. The catalysts and methods utilize a highly dispersible alumina, for example, boehmite or pseudoboehmite, to form catalysts that exhibit high dehydrogenation activities. Specifically, the catalysts include Cu that is highly dispersed by reaction of an alumina formed by peptizing of boehmite or pseudoboehmite and precursors of ZrO2, ZnO and CuO.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst for preferential oxidation for fuel reforming which includes a ceria support containing gadolinium, and a metal catalyst supported on the ceria support.

Abstract: A three-way catalyst composition, and its use in an exhaust system for internal combustion engines, is disclosed. The three-way catalyst composition comprises rhodium, a cerium-containing oxide, and a supported palladium component. The supported palladium component comprises palladium, barium, and cobalt and alumina. The three-way catalyst composition shows improved light-off performance.

Abstract: A method of producing an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid or ester such as (meth) acrylic acid or alkyl esters thereof, for example, methyl methacrylate is described. The process comprises the steps of contacting formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid or ester, for example, propionic acid or alkyl esters thereof in the presence of a catalyst and optionally an alcohol. The catalyst comprises group II metal phosphate crystals having rod or needle like morphology or a suitable source thereof. The phosphate may be a hydroxyapatite, pyrophosphate, hydroxyphosphate, PO42? phosphate or mixtures thereof. The group II metal may be selected from Ca, Sr, Ba or mixtures thereof, for example, strontium hydroxyapatite and calcium hydroxyapatite. A catalyst system comprising a crystalline metal phosphate catalyst and a catalyst support is also described. The metal phosphate has rod/needle like morphology.

Abstract: A hydrogenation treatment catalyst is provided for heavy hydrocarbon oil, in which a hydrogenation-active component is supported on a silica-containing porous alumina carrier containing 0.1% to 1.5% by mass of silica based on the carrier. The total pore volume is 0.55 to 0.75 mL/g. Of the total volume of pores having a pore diameter of 3 to 30 nm (1) 30% to 45% have a pore diameter of 5 to 10 nm, (2) 50% to 65% have a pore diameter of 10 to 15 nm, and (3) the total volume of pores having a pore diameter in a range of ±1 nm from the average pore diameter is 25% or more. The total volume of pores having a pore diameter of 30 nm or more is 3% or less. The average pore diameter of pores having a pore diameter of 10 to 30 nm is 10.5 to 13 nm.

Abstract: The use of materials of organic origin containing alkali or alkaline-earthmetals, preferably calcium, for the implementation of chemical reactions

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to catalytic activated carbon structures and the methods of removing sulfur-containing compounds from fluid stream using such catalytic activated carbon structures. In certain aspects, the catalytic activated carbon structure comprise nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, cuprous oxide, and a binder, wherein the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon includes from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight of nitrogen based on total weight of the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon, at least about 30% by weight of the nitrogen are aromatic nitrogen species having a binding energy of at least 398.0 eV as determined by XPS.

Abstract: The invention relates to moderately twisted polylobed extrudates having improved crush strength. The moderately twisted polylobed extrudates have an oblong shape and a cross section comprising a plurality of lobes, which lobes extend along and are twisted around a longitudinal axis of the extrudate and wherein the twist has a pitch from about 0.5 turns/inch (0.5 turns per 2.54 cm) to about 2 turns/inch (2 turns per 2.54 cm). Further the invention relates to a method for manufacturing such moderately twisted polylobed extrudates and their use as catalysts or adsorbents.

Abstract: A process and a plant for the preparation of an acqueous solution of urea suitable for use in a SCR process for nitrogen oxides removal, wherein the urea solution from the recovery section of a urea plant is subject to at least one step of evaporation, separating a vapour stream containing water and ammonia, and obtaining a concentrated and substantially ammonia-free solution, and said concentrated solution is diluted to the concentration of urea suitable for use in the SCR process.

Abstract: An alkyl tin compound having an alkyl group bonded to a tin atom, wherein the alkyl group is a branched alkyl or cyclic group-substituted alkyl group, the branched alkyl group being an alkyl group branched at at least one carbon atom of the first to third carbon atoms counting from the tin atom, and the cyclic group-substituted alkyl group being an alkyl group having a cyclic group bonded at at least one carbon atom of the first to third carbon atoms counting from the tin atom.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for the preparation of ruthenium catalyst (PCy3)2Cl2Ru(phenylindenylidene) (Umicore catalyst “M1”). The method comprises a one-step reaction reacting the precursor compound (PPh3)2Cl2Ru(3-phenylindenylidene) with PCy3 in a cyclic ether solvent (preferably THF) in concentrations in the range of 0.2 to 0.6 mol catalyst/I while simultaneously precipitating the product from the reaction mixture. A cyclic ether solvate product with high crystallinity and high purity is obtained.

Abstract: A method of production of a shaped solid acid which uses a wood starting material to keep down the prime costs, heat treats the synthetic resin binder itself together with the wood starting material to avoid deterioration of the catalyst performance due to coverage by the binder, and thereby realizes a high degree of freedom of design of shape and further a suitable hardness is provided. The method of production of a synthetic resin binder-shaped solid acid comprises a starting material kneading step (S10) of kneading a wood starting material powder M and synthetic resin binder B to obtain a wood starting material mixture, a shaping step (S20) of shaping the wood starting material mixture into predetermined shapes to obtain starting material shapes, a heat treatment step (S30) of heat treating said starting material shapes in an inert atmosphere to obtain heat treated shapes, and a sulfonating step (S40) of introducing sulfo groups into the heat treated shapes to obtain a shaped solid acid.

Abstract: A method for cross-linking a styrenic polymer, the method comprising providing a partly sulphonated styrenic polymer and cross-linking the partly sulphonated styrenic polymer in the presence of a polyphosphoric acid.

Abstract: An ion exchange polymer is provided. The ion exchange polymer is a reaction product of a reaction between a crosslinker monomer and a cationic monomer. The crosslinker monomer is a reaction product of a reaction between a first crosslinking monomer and a second crosslinking monomer. Further, the cationic monomer comprises a quaternary ammonium group. A method for making an ion exchange polymer is also provided. The method comprises a step of preparing a curable solution and a step of curing the curable solution. The step of preparing the curable solution comprises mixing a pair of crosslinking monomers, a cationic monomer that comprises a quaternary ammonium group and an acid. A membrane is also provided. The membrane comprises the ion exchange polymer made by the method provided.

Abstract: A top part for a sampling pipette including a hollow outer body forming a handle a pipetting control stem a device for adjusting and displaying a volume to be sampled, including a first threaded member for adjusting the volume to be sampled crossed by the control stem, the device also comprising a set of first volume graduations angularly spaced from one another around the longitudinal axis and cooperating with a first mark so as to inform about the volume to be sampled. The first threaded member is rotatably integral with one of both elements formed by the set of first volume graduations and the first mark, the mark being axially arranged between the hollow outer body forming a handle and the control knob.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a device and a system for aspirating and dispensing a target analyte, target material, or fluid. A picker may aspirate and dispense the desired material by introducing a pressure gradient. The picker may include a hydraulic fluid to hydraulically couple at least two components, such as a moveable pump component and a cannula.

Abstract: Fluid containment pressure vessel that eliminates the outer support housing present in certain conventional vessels, and provides an improved cap-to-body interface. In certain embodiments, the cap is threaded and configured to threadingly engage with the body of the pressure vessel, and has sufficient structural integrity to withstand the pressures in the device without the need for a support housing. In certain embodiments, an interlock mechanism is provided that prevents the cap from being opened (e.g., removed from the body) while the device is under pressure. In certain embodiments, a pressure relief valve is provided with a pre-loaded biasing mechanism to achieve the required pressure release rate. The vessel can be used for sample preparation, including purification or concentration of samples, particularly protein samples.

Abstract: A sample ampoule for calorimetric measurements includes a vial, a lid and a sealing member. The vial, lid and sealing member are adapted to form a hermetically sealed sample ampoule. The vial has a first contact surface and the lid has a second contact surface, the first and second contact surfaces are in contact with each other in a sealed position of the ampoule, and the vial and lid are formed out of materials with different strength.

Abstract: A cap is provided for a laboratory vessel. The cap includes a lid that can be rotated relative to the laboratory vessel from a closed position to an open position. The lid includes at least one tab dimensioned and disposed for receiving manual digital pressure for opening and/or closing the lid. The tab is in an offset position to prevent a thumb or forefinger from passing over and in contact with the opening to the vessel. Additionally, the lid includes a shield inwardly from the tab for further preventing contact between a finger and the open top of the vessel.

Abstract: A microfluidic mixing device comprises a main channel and a number of secondary channels extending from a portion of the main channel and entering another portion of the main channel. A number of actuators are located in the secondary channels to pump fluids through the secondary channels. A microfluidic mixing system comprises a microfluidic mixing device. The microfluidic mixing device comprises a main fluid mixing channel, a number of main channel actuators to pump fluid through the main fluid mixing channel, a number of secondary channels fluidly coupled to the main fluid mixing channel, and a number of secondary channel actuators to pump fluids through the secondary channels. The microfluidic mixing device also comprises a fluid source, and a control device to provide fluids from the fluid source to the microfluidic mixing device and activate the main channel actuators and secondary channel actuators.

Abstract: A Digital Separation (DS) chip for separating, digitizing and analyzing a fluid sample is presented. The DS chip includes a fluidic layer that prepares and compartmentalizes the fluid sample for analysis. Cliff structures that are adjacent to wells skim the fluid sample and prevent particles, which may interfere with fluid sample analysis, from entering the wells. Skimmed fluid sample analysis occurs in the wells and endpoint data can be collected and used to determine an original concentration of a desired component in the fluid sample very quickly. Using the described apparatus and methods, a fluid sample can be prepared, digitized, compartmentalized, assayed and the endpoint data collected in ˜30 minutes. The apparatus and methods can easily be adapted to provide parallel processing of a sample.

Abstract: In one aspect, a thermal cycler system is disclosed. The thermal cycler can be comprised of a device housing and a cover that is operably connected to the device housing. The cover can include a handle portion, a device lid portion, a sample block platen and a link bar. The device lid portion is attached to the proximal side of the handle portion with a pin. The sample block platen is operably connected to the handle portion such that the sample block platen is positioned against the sample block when the handle portion is flush with the device lid portion and the cover is in a closed position. The link bar is operably connected to the device housing and the pin such that a distal side of the handle portion is elevated away from the device lid portion when the cover is moved to an open position.

Abstract: A biological analysis system is provided. The system comprises a sample block assembly. The sample block assembly comprises a sample block configured to accommodate a sample holder, the sample holder configured to receive a plurality of samples. The system also comprises a control system configured to cycle the plurality of samples through a series of temperatures. The system further comprises an automated tray comprising a slide assembly, the tray configured to reversibly slide the sample block assembly from a closed to an open position to allow user access to the plurality of sample holders.

Abstract: A vertical clamping device is provided that supports a flow cell component in a vertical configuration in which the flow cell is on an opposite side of the vertical support from the electronic interface. The clamp includes a vertical setting to receive the flow cell component and provides an electronic interface on a vertical surface of the vertical setting. A block supports the fluidics interface and can move in a horizontal direction bringing the fluidics interface into contact with the flow cell component.

Abstract: A crusher with one stationary jaw and one movable jaw, the movable jaw is moved by a cam at the top of the jaw, in the well known manner of jaw crushers. The cam shaft is adapted to be driven with a conventional square drive lever. A dual purpose bolt, transversely behind and against an upper portion of the stationary jaw, serves as a re-active stop and as a pinch bolt to clamp the stationary jaw between the side plates. The upper ends of the front legs abut a lower portion of the stationary jaw, thereby serving as legs and re-active members for the stationary jaw. A transparent Poly-carbonate feed opening cover is secured to the tops of the side plates with magnets.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10) for mechanically comminuting material conglomerates composed of materials having different density and/or consistency, comprising a comminuting chamber (14) having a feed side and an outlet side, which comminuting chamber is surrounded by an in particular circular cylindrical and/or conical comminuting chamber wall (42) expanded in a downward direction and has at least two segments which are consecutive in an axial direction, in each of which at least one rotor (26, 28, 30) is arranged coaxially to the comminuting chamber, wherein each rotor has a rotor shaft and has striking tools (38) extending at least largely radially into the comminuting chamber at least during operation, a feeding cone (12), which covers the rotor shaft(s), is arranged above the comminuting chamber (14) on the feed side, and an inflow funnel (11) is arranged above the feeding cone (12), wherein an inflow region is formed between the inflow funnel and the feeding cone, the size (d) of which inflow r

Abstract: An embodiment described herein provides for a system for removing or installing a grinder plate. The system includes a grinder plate having a disk shaped body which defines a central cylindrical aperture extending therethrough and a first one or more screw threads are defined in the central aperture. The system also includes a plate handling tool having an elongated body defining a second one or more screw threads on an external surface proximate the first end. The first one or more screw threads of the plate are configured to mate with the second one or more screw threads of the tool.

Abstract: A screening apparatus for grading particulate material includes a grading screen having apertures for water and/or undersize particles to pass through. The grading screen is supported on a frame mounted on a chassis via resilient linkages, and the grading screen being vibrated by a vibrating device that imparts circular or reciprocating motion to the grading screen. The grading screen is set at a predetermined slope whereby material to be graded can be delivered onto an upper end while the grading screen is vibrated to convey the material over the grading screen and to cause undersize material to pass through the apertures. Oversize material is discharged from a lower end of the screen onto a conveyor or into a collection bay or hopper. A sump beneath the grading screen receives under-sized material passing through the grading screen, and a jet pump conveys material from the sump to a dewatering screen.

Abstract: A negative ionizer air purifier is provided. It includes a power adapter, a high-voltage generator and discharge terminals. A first input terminal of the power adapter connects to the live wire of the AC mains, a second input terminal connects to the naught wire, and the third input terminal connects to the earth wire. The power adapter converts an AC voltage inputted through its first and second input terminals to a low DC voltage and outputs it to the high-voltage generator, which further boosts the low DC voltage to a high DC voltage and outputs it. The first output terminal of the high-voltage generator connects to the discharge terminals, and the second output terminal connects to a reference earth and also to the third input terminal of the power adapter, where the reference earth refers to the housing of the negative air purifier.

Abstract: A spray tip (22) comprises a tip body (100), a tip piece (102), and a pre-orifice piece (104). The tip body has a fluid channel (114) along a channel axis (Ac). The tip piece is disposed within the fluid channel, and has a stepped, narrowing passage (124) that terminates in an outlet orifice (24). The pre-orifice piece has an inlet passage (112), and is disposed within the fluid channel, abutting and immediately upstream of the tip piece. The pre-orifice piece and the tip piece together define a turbulating chamber (106) therebetween.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nozzle (1) for atomizing coating materials, in particular coating powder, wherein the nozzle (1) comprises a housing (10), which has a first, inlet-side opening (11) and a second, outlet-side opening (12), and the openings are connected to each other by means of a passage channel (13). The housing (10) has an inner housing part (20), which defines the passage channel (13), and an outer housing part (30), which is designed to detachably connect the nozzle (1) to a coating device. According to the invention, in order to optimize the production process for the nozzle and to reduce costs, the inner housing part (20) and the outer housing part (30) are designed as separate individual pieces.

Abstract: A water outlet structure for generating candle flame shaped water and a shower head mounting the same comprises a water inlet passage to collecting water, a hemisphere water chamber formed at the bottom of the water inlet passage, a V shaped through groove set at the bottom of the hemisphere water chamber and an axis of the V shaped through groove located on an outside of the axis of the water inlet passage and forming a fixed angle. The water flows are concentrated and the water pressure is increased due to a mutation when the water flows through the intersection area between the hemisphere water chamber and the V shaped through groove, and by a further angle deviating, a much more intense collision effect is generated inside the channel. A larger area showering, favourable impact force, particle feeling and water saving are achieved.

Abstract: A water outlet structure for generating cone shaped water comprises a water inlet, a trumpet shaped water outlet formed at the bottom of the water inlet, a water diversion hub located inside an inner chamber of the trumpet shaped water outlet to divide the inner chamber into at least two water outlet chambers, a mushroom shaped lug boss formed at the bottom of the water diversion hub and an annular water outlet sink formed between an outer edge of the mushroom shaped lug boss and the trumpet shaped water outlet. The present invention can satisfy a favorable showing experience, the same effect is achieved by using much less water with above structure, which saves much water to some extent.

Abstract: A water outlet device with rotary outlet function has a fixing part, a driving mechanism, a control mechanism, at least two sliding units and several water outlet nozzles, the water outlet nozzles are movably connected to the fixing part, the sliding unit can slide with respect to the fixing part; the driving mechanism can be driven by the water flow pressure, at least two sliding units are connected with the driving mechanism and driven by the driving mechanism to drive, and at least two sliding units are communicated with the water outlet nozzles in rotary manner around the rotating axis by intersection way. The control mechanism is connected with the driving mechanism and at least two sliding units to control at least one of sliding units to slide, the sliding action of the sliding units connected to the water outlet nozzles cause the water outlet nozzles to move.

Abstract: A nozzle comprises: a housing element, a chamber being defined inside the housing element for containing a fluid; a rotor extending along a longitudinal axis, the rotor being arranged inside the housing element so that the longitudinal axis of the rotor is tilted relative to an axis of the housing element, the rotor having a conduit through which the fluid contained in the chamber can flow out of the nozzle. The rotor is rotatably derivable about the axis of the housing element, so that the longitudinal axis of the rotor moves along a conical surface. The nozzle further comprises an anti-drip device for selectively closing the conduit of the rotor, so that the fluid contained in the chamber is prevented from exiting through the conduit when the nozzle is inactive.

Abstract: The present invention controls the pressure and flow rate of fluid, in order to obtain uniform performance, configure a closed loop magnetic circuit so as to include an electromagnet, a flapper, and a yoke material, and elastically deform the flapper itself by Maxwell attractive force generated between a magnetic pole of the electromagnet and the flapper to make the separation distance between the nozzle and the flapper variable. As opposed to a rigid flapper structure that swingably moves around a supporting point, like a conventional servo valve, the electromagnet, the magnetic pole, the nozzle, the flapper, and the like are arranged such that a change in magnetic gap directly leads to a change in air gap.

Abstract: A fluid dispensing nozzle includes a housing including an outlet to discharge fluid to a surrounding environment. The fluid dispensing nozzle also includes a nozzle insert disposed in the housing and including an inlet in fluid communication with a source of fluid to receive a fluid flow. The nozzle insert includes an outlet orifice in fluid communication with the outlet to direct fluid from the inlet toward the outlet. The nozzle insert is selectively movable relative to the housing between a first position in which fluid is discharged through the outlet at a first flow rate and a second position in which the fluid is discharged through the outlet at a second flow rate larger than the first flow rate. The nozzle insert is movable between the first position and the second position independent of the pressure of fluid at the inlet.

Abstract: A spray head for a power sprayer configured to generate a continuous sheet-like water shield around a center stream of water. A water delivery device for use with a sink may produce a stream of water surrounded by a continuous shield of water.

Abstract: An air assisted electrostatic liquid spray nozzle assembly having a relatively long elongated nozzle body with a spray tip and surrounding air cap disposed at a downstream end of the nozzle body. The spray nozzle assembly includes an upstream electrode for connection to a high voltage electric source, an elongated feed tube, an electrically enhancing stinger, and the spray tip which are secured and retained by the air cap in electrically conductive relation to each other such that liquid passing through liquid passages of the electrode, feed tube, stinger, and spray tip is discharged in an electrostatically charged pattern of liquid particles. The air cap is removable to permit easy removal and replacement of the spray tip, stinger, and liquid feed tube.

Abstract: A microfluidic device having a substrate with an electrically conductive element made using a conductive ink layer underlying a hydrophobic layer.