Abstract: An electric arc welder and a method for performing a pulse welding process producing reduced spatter. The welder produces a current between an advancing electrode and a workpiece. The welder includes a short-detecting capability for detecting a short condition upon occurrence of a short circuit between the advancing electrode and the workpiece. The welder may also include a switching module in the welding circuit path of the welder having an electrical switch and a resistive path. Times of occurrence of short intervals can be tracked and a blanking signal can be generated based on the tracked short intervals to anticipate a next short interval in a next pulse period of the pulsed welding process. The blanking signal can be used to reduce a welding current in the welding circuit path by introducing additional resistance into the welding circuit path via the switching module, for example.

Abstract: A method and a system for forming a root pass weld for a root pipe joint. A substantially periodic electric welding waveform is generated and a series of electric arc pulses are generated between an advancing welding electrode and a root pipe joint in response to the electric welding waveform. The electric welding waveform includes a base cycle having a background current phase providing a background current level, a peak current phase providing a peak current level, a tail-out current phase providing a decreasing tail-out current level, and at least one heat-increasing current pulse during the background current phase providing a heat-increasing current level being above the background current level.

Abstract: Welding systems including welding torch assemblies are provided. The welding torch assembly may include a welding torch adapted to be utilized in a welding operation to establish a welding arc between the welding torch and a workpiece. Shielding gas may be supplied to the welding torch for establishment of a gas shielding area around a weld pool. The welding torch assembly may also include a temperature sensing system having a non-contact temperature sensor coupled to the welding torch and adapted to sense a temperature of the workpiece at a location outside of the molten weld pool.

Abstract: A weld metal contains Cr: 28.0% to 31.5% by mass, Fe: 7.0% to 11.0% by mass, Nb and Ta: 1.5% to 2.5% by mass in total, C: 0.015% to 0.040% by mass, Mn: 0.5% to 4.0% by mass, N: 0.005% to 0.080% by mass, Si: 0.70% by mass or less (and more than 0%), Al: 0.50% by mass or less, Ti: 0.50% by mass or less, Mo: 0.50% by mass or less, Cu: 0.50% by mass or less, B: 0.0010% by mass or less, Zr: 0.0010% by mass or less, Co: 0.10% by mass or less, P: 0.015% by mass or less, and S: 0.015% by mass or less, the remainder being Ni and incidental impurities.

Abstract: In an aberration-correcting method according to an embodiment of the present invention, in an aberration-correcting method for a laser irradiation device 1 which focuses a laser beam on the inside of a transparent medium 60, aberration of a laser beam is corrected so that a focal point of the laser beam is positioned within a range of aberration occurring inside the medium. This aberration range is not less than n×d and not more than n×d+?s from an incidence plane of the medium 60, provided that the refractive index of the medium 60 is defined as n, a depth from an incidence plane of the medium 60 to the focus of the lens 50 is defined as d, and aberration caused by the medium 60 is defined as ?s.

Abstract: A method for cleaning a turboshaft engine blade comprising a superalloy body covered with a coating, in which the coating of the blade is at least partially machined using a pulsed laser. At least the feed rate of the pulsed laser and the pulse frequency of the pulsed laser are parameterized such that the machined surface of the blade has a roughness of 4 ?m to 10 ?m.

Abstract: This invention provides a laser marking method that can form a very minute mark of a predetermined shape, such as a letter or pattern, with clarity and high solidity, on the surface of a substrate. The laser marking method of the invention comprises the steps of (1) depositing a coloring material on the surface of a substrate of thermoplastic material to form a thin film of the coloring material, and (2) applying a laser beam to the thin film of the coloring material in conformity with a predetermined marking shape to cause the portions of the substrate irradiated with the laser beam to soften and to cause the thus softened portions to mix with the coloring material, thereby developing the predetermined marking shape on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A laser machining system and a method thereof are disclosed. The disclosed laser machining system comprises a laser generator, an array photo detector, a processer, and a position controller. The laser generator is configured to emit laser via a first light path onto a work piece. The array photo detector is configured to receive the thermal radiation from the work piece via a second light path, different from the first light path, to generate a thermal radiation image. The processor, electrically coupled to the laser generator and the array photo detector, is configured to calculate a temperature centroid of the thermal radiation image and generate a distance control signal according to the temperature centroid. The position controller, electrically coupled to the processor, is controlled by the distance control signal to make a present distance between the laser machining system equal to a working distance.

Abstract: [Object] To provide a laser processing apparatus and a laser processing method which are capable of reducing roughness of a cut surface in laser cutting using laser beams transmitted through optical fibers. [Solution] A laser processing apparatus according to the present invention includes at least one laser oscillator configured to emit laser beams, a plurality of optical fibers configured to transmit the emitted laser beams, and at least one optical element configured to focus the laser beams emitted from the optical fibers and irradiate a surface of a workpiece with the focused laser beams. At output ends of the optical fibers, the output ends of the plurality of optical fibers are placed in one or a plurality of ring shapes.

Abstract: Provided is a technology for manufacturing cutting tools that is capable of providing cutting tools that have a cut surface whose surface is uniformly smooth and that have a stable performance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a contour cut in a sheet metal web (BB) transported in a direction of transport (T) by means of a conveying apparatus (3). To accelerate the production of the contour cut, it is proposed in accordance with the invention to divide the sheet metal web (BB) into a plurality of overlapping processing strips and to assign successively two laser cutting units (10, 11) to at least two processing strips in the direction of transport (T).

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an airfoil includes confining an unfocused laser beam inside a first fluid column to create a confined laser beam, directing the confined laser beam at a surface of the airfoil, and penetrating the surface of the airfoil with the confined laser beam. The method further includes detecting penetration of the confined laser beam through the surface of the airfoil via an optical sensor disposed within a cavity defined within the airfoil.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solder bump formation resin composition which ensures resist (e.g., dry film) removability and which exhibits excellent solder bonding performance, even when the working substrate is placed at high temperature during reflowing, baking, or a similar process. The solder bump formation resin composition contains (A) at least one species selected from among an alkali-dissoluble thermoplastic resin having an acid value (mgKOH/g) of 110 or higher, an unsaturated fatty acid polymer having an acid value of 80 or higher, and an unsaturated fatty acid-aliphatic unsaturated compound copolymer having an acid value of 50 or higher; (B) a solvent; and (C) a solder powder, and contains no activating agent.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems and methods that facilitate the removal and/or reinstallation of sprinkler heads as part of performing repositioning, repair, replacement and/or the like of one or more sprinkler heads, such as pop-up sprinkler heads. One tool disclosed herein may be used to cut the ground surrounding a sprinkler head and then unscrew at least a retaining cap of the sprinkler head so as to remove the retaining cap and an inner housing from the ground. Another tool disclosed herein may be used to unscrew or otherwise rotate an outer casing of the sprinkler head so as to remove the outer casing from the ground. After any appropriate work or other tasks are performed in relation to the sprinkler head and/or irrigation line, the first and/or second tools can be used to reinstall/resecure the sprinkler head to the water line and at least partially below ground level.

Abstract: A spring compensation structure for a torque wrench includes a body, a compensation component and an engaging head. The body has a first connecting portion. The compensation component is installed on the body and has a compensation distance, wherein one end of the compensation component is abutted on the first connecting portion of the body. The engaging head has a second connecting portion; the second connecting portion is detachably disposed on the body and is abutted on the other end of the compensation component, wherein a distance between the second connecting portion and the first connecting portion is equal to the compensation distance.

Abstract: A fluid extractor device including a ring with a circumference capable of fitting around an oil filter; a bracket affixed to the ring; and a valve including a base attached to the bracket, an extendable pin extending through the base, and a vacuum extension extending perpendicularly from the base and terminating in a vacuum aperture.

Abstract: A part machining apparatus for the vehicle includes a base frame, a machining head that may be mounted on one side on top of the base frame so as to machine automobile parts while rotating with dedicated tools mounted thereon, a tool replacement unit that may be installed over the machining head, may be equipped with a plurality of dedicated tools for different materials of the automobile parts, and supplies a selected dedicated tool to the machining head when machining the automobile parts, a jig unit that may be mounted on the other side on top of the base frame, facing the machining head, and includes two placement pallets corresponding to the automobile parts having different shapes for different vehicle types to fix the automobile parts in position toward the machining head through selective rotation.

Abstract: A spindle jig and a machining center having the same are disclosed. The machining center includes a spindle jig installed to be movable, a guide rail mounted to guide and move the spindle jig, a spindle that is fitted and supported on the spindle jig, and is equipped with a processing tool and rotates the processing tool, a column on which the spindle jig is mounted, an auto pallet changer equipped with materials, and transferring the materials to a processing area or a non-processing area, a splash guard rotated integrally with the auto pallet exchanger, mounted to be tiltable at a predetermined angle and separating the processing area from the non-processing area, and an upper cover installed to be rotatable on the movement path of the spindle jig along the guide rail. Accordingly, the replacement of the spindle can be quick and easy.

Abstract: A conveyer apparatus for discharging chips is disclosed herein. The conveyer apparatus includes a tank body, a conveyer unit, and an opening/closing unit. The tank body is configured such that the tank body is configured in the form of a container body, an inlet is formed in the top surface of one side of the tank body, and a chip outlet is formed in the bottom surface of the remaining side of the tank body. The conveyer unit is installed in the form of a caterpillar spaced apart from the inner walls of the tank body, and has at least one opening so that the inner and outer spaces of the conveyer unit communicate. The opening/closing unit is installed to block the opening, and operates so as to open the opening when the corresponding opening passes through a surface opposite the inner bottom surface of the tank body.

Abstract: A coolant application device includes a nozzle which spouts coolant and a motor which adjusts the rotation angle of the nozzle. The coolant application device also includes a housing, a hollow shaft rotatively and fluid-tightly inserted into the housing, a coolant passage formed in the hollow shaft, a port arranged at a lateral wall of the hollow shaft and communicating with the coolant passage, and an inlet passage arranged in the housing and communicating with the coolant passage through the port. The nozzle is connected to the hollow shaft and communicates with the coolant passage. The hollow shaft is coaxially arranged and directly connected to an output shaft of the motor.

Abstract: A method for operating a machine tool is disclosed wherein during operation of the machine tool at least one state of the machine tool is projected into a working area of the machine tool with a 3D projector at a predefined point in space in the working area. A projection device performing the method and a machine tool with such a projection device is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an ophthalmic lens by machining, includes the steps of providing and mounting a blank on a first supporting device having a first machining reference frame in a first position in which a lower surface of the blank is opposite the first device; machining, in the first position in the first reference frame, an upper surface of the blank, machining in a second predetermined machining reference frame which is known relative to the first at least one mechanical referencing element on the blank, and providing a second supporting device including at least one complementary mechanical referencing element configured such as to engage with the at least one mechanical referencing element so that the latter is positioned and supported on the second device in a second predetermined position.

Abstract: A polishing pad for polishing a substrate. The pad comprises a layer of material having an upper polishing surface and a lower surface interfacing with a proximate platen, the material comprising a mixture of a conductive polymer distributed in a structure of a dielectric polymeric material using predetermined relationships. Additional embodiments provide a pad having a layer of dielectric polymeric material with an upper polishing surface and a lower surface interfacing with a proximate platen. A first set of grooves filled with a conductive polymer extends from the upper polishing surface to the lower surface, the first set of grooves filled with a conductive polymer. A second set of shallower grooves provide for slurry flow over the upper polishing surface. The first and/or second set of grooves are provided in a predetermined pattern.

Abstract: An abrasive pad used to abrade the surfaces of glass, ceramic, and metal materials, the abrasive pad being provided with a substrate layer, and an abrasive layer provided on a first surface side of the substrate layer and including an abrasive material, and the abrasive layer having a plurality of base portions arranged mutually separated on the substrate layer, columnar or frustum shaped tip portions arranged mutually separated on the base portions, and a group of grooves containing a plurality of groove portions provided between base portions such that the substrate layer is exposed, with each of the grooves mutually intersecting.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemical mechanical polishing conditioner with high quality abrasive particles, comprising a substrate; a bonding layer disposed on the substrate; and a plurality of abrasive particles placed on the bonding layer, and the abrasive particles are placed on the substrate by the bonding layer; wherein the abrasive particles have a risk diamond content measured by a screening apparatus for screening abrasive particles. Therefore, the chemical mechanical polishing conditioner with high quality abrasive particles is produced, after the risk diamond content is judged by the screening apparatus for screening abrasive particles; thereby avoiding scratches and breakages produced on the polishing pad due to the risk diamonds during a chemical mechanical polishing process.

Abstract: A grinding tool has a grinding head (1) that includes one or more surfaces with a number of recesses (2). Fastenings are provided in one or more recesses (2) for fixing tool members (5). The fastenings are adapter strips (6) disposed in one or more of the recesses (2). The adapter strips (6) are provided with at least one internal and preferably longitudinal recess (7). The recess (7) in the adapter strip (6) has sidewalls (8). Retainer parts (9) of the tool members have complementing outer sidewalls and are mounted in these adapter strips (6). The grinding tool with a universal grinding head (1) uses all types of tool members (5) in one and the same grinding head (1). It is thus possible to change between tool members (5) with different shapes on the retainer part (9) by switching between different adapter strips (6).

Abstract: A buffing pad is comprised of a hub with a central opening for attaching the same to a power buffer. The pad includes a layer of tufted wool or other fibrous buffing medium spaced from but surrounding the hub and a block of material such as a cylindrical block of foam positioned between the fibrous buffing medium and the hub. The block of material includes an aperture therethrough that is in alignment with the central opening in the hub. The dimensions of the block of material are such as to prevent tufts of the fibrous buffing medium from entering the central opening of the hub and interfering with the ability of the buffing pad to be attached to the power buffer.

Abstract: A hand sanding apparatus plate housing is provided. The housing includes a U-shaped top portion defined via a pair of opposing end members and a pair of opposing sidewalls spanning between the members along a sanding direction. The members having a pair of top surfaces extending along the direction and spanning between the sidewalls to provide for hand placement support along the direction. The members and the sidewalls defining a top portion interior space sized for adjacent flat plate housing. The members and the sidewalls defining an upper opening therebetween, the opening providing access to the space. The opening sized for partial plate access to enable manual plate position adjustment through the opening away from the opening to stagger the plates. The members configured for partial plate overlay along the direction between the sidewalls to limit plate movement at least perpendicular to the direction past the surfaces.

Abstract: A hand tool, pliers and a lock button assembly for a hand tool. The hand tool includes a first jaw assembly including a first rail, a second jaw assembly including a second rail shorter than the first rail, a pivot member coupling the jaw assemblies for pivoting movement between an open position and a closed position. The lock button assembly includes a first lock button member defining a second rail groove operable to selectively receive the second rail; and a second lock button member separate from and connectable to the first lock button member, the lock button members, when connected, cooperating to define a first rail groove receiving the first rail. The lock button assembly is operable between a locked position, engaging the first and second rails to releasably hold the jaw assemblies in the closed position, and an unlocked position, in which the second rail is disengaged.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a one-way freewheel clutch type wrench, more specifically to an indicator mechanism for providing audible and/or tactile feedback when a one-way freewheel clutch wrench is rotated in the unrestricted, or “reloading”, direction. The indicator mechanism has a ratchet wheel with teeth attached to a one-way freewheel clutch socket which interacts with at least one indicator located in a pocket of the box-end of the wrench.

Abstract: A tool, a tool system, and method for applying torque to a hammer union. The tool includes a handle attached to a tool head, and the tool head further includes at least two indentations, the indentations having a curved rearward wall and forming a mouth with a first width and a mid-section with a second width, wherein the mid-section width is greater than the mouth width.

Abstract: A screwdriving tool that includes a driving tool (driver), a sensor, a sensor target and a contact trip assembly that is coupled to the driving tool and has a nose element. The driver has a housing, a motor and an output member that is driven by the motor. One of the nose element and the output member is axially movable and biased by a spring into an extended position. The sensor and sensor target are configured to cooperate to permit the sensor to provide a sensor signal that is indicative of movement of the one of the nose element and the output member. The motor is controllable in a first operational mode and at least one rotational direction based in part on the sensor signal.

Abstract: An impact mechanism for an electric tool, comprising a transmission mechanism arranged in a housing and driven by a motor (2), whip blocks (7) and a power output member, the whip blocks (7) being driven by the transmission mechanism, and being connected to and driving an output shaft (8), wherein the transmission mechanism comprises a transmission wheel (4), the motor (2) is connected to and drives the transmission shaft (42) of the transmission wheel (4), two grooves (411) are symmetrically arranged on the peripheral wall of the transmission wheel (4), tail portions of the two whip blocks (7) are mounted in the two grooves (422) through wrist pins, respectively; head portions of the two whip blocks (7) are connected to the power output member; and, a first axial hole (421) and a second axial hole (422) are arranged at an interval on the transmission shaft (42) corresponding to the head portions and the tail portions of the whip blocks (7), a spring (5) is received in the first axial hole (421), two ends of t

Abstract: A mounting structure of a hand tool includes a cylindrical body which has a mounting portion formed on one open end thereof. Multiple protrusions and recesses are formed in the inner periphery of the mounting portion. Each protrusion is connected to each of the adjacent recesses by a first conjunction line. A first face is defined annularly in the mounting portion. A second face is defined in one end of each protrusion. The first face intersects the second faces. The first face is located closer to the open end of the body than the second faces. The first and second face each are an inclined face relative to the open end of the body. The first angle is different from the second angle. A support portion extends from an edge of the first face so as to bear a larger torque.

Abstract: An apparatus for rapid installation of threaded fasteners is provided. The apparatus includes a drive portion configured for being received by a rotary tool, a bit holder extending from the drive portion and configured for receiving a tool bit, the bit holder defining an elongate portion, and a sleeve configured for translatable movement along the elongate portion. The sleeve has a first extended position in which an end of the sleeve extends substantially beyond the tool bit and a retraction position in which the sleeve does not enclose the tool bit. A spring biases the sleeve into the extended position. Pressing of an end of the sleeve against a working surface imparts translation of the sleeve in a direction from the extended position towards the retracted position.

Abstract: A pneumatic compressor assembly includes a frame and an actuator carried on the frame. The actuator includes a cylinder and a piston. A tool is secured to the end of the piston. The tool includes a cross rail and two sets of adjustable compression fingers.

Abstract: A tension device for straining a threaded bolt by applying a pulling force on a threaded end portion has a housing and a piston moveably disposed therein. A hydraulic supply is connected to the housing. A supporting tube is arranged on the housing. The supporting tube is arranged between the housing and a base surrounding the threaded bolt and transmits tension forces acting in the housing to the base surrounding the threaded bolt. A pull nut to be fastened by threaded engagement on a threaded end portion of the threaded bolt is provided. The pull nut has a pressure face supported in longitudinal direction on a pressure transmission face of the piston. A return spring acting on the piston in a direction toward the supporting tube has a first end bearing against a housing-side spring support and a second end bearing against a piston-side spring support.

Abstract: A fastening tool assembly is provided with a housing having a contact surface to contact a workpiece. A magazine is mounted in the housing to store fasteners and to convey the fasteners to a fastener outlet. A knife is mounted in the housing for translation between a latched position and a release position to drive a fastener from the magazine through the outlet during translation to the release position. A biasing member is mounted in the housing and is operably connected to the knife to bias the knife to the release position. A handle is mounted to the housing to translate relative to the housing. The handle is operably connected to the knife and the biasing member to load the biasing member and release the knife and the biasing member, thereby permitting the biasing member to return the knife to the release position to drive a fastener through the outlet.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel nail removing tool that requires lower force to remove an embedded nail from a substrate than nail remover tools currently in use via use of a sliding fulcrum. The disclosed nail remover tool also minimizes damage to the substrate as the nail is being removed from the substrate via use of a dimple for facilitating access of the tool to a nail head.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method of fabricating a percussion tool that includes a flow tube. The flow tube includes upper and lower portions, inner and outer walls, and at least one opening formed in the outer wall. The upper portion extends from a top end towards a bottom end. The lower portion extends from the upper portion to the bottom end. The inner wall extends from the top end to the bottom end and defines a central channel therein. The outer wall extends from the top end towards the bottom end, surrounds a portion of the inner wall and defines an outer channel with the inner wall. The opening is fluidly communicable with a first conduit formed within a piston, which surrounds a portion of the flow tube, when in an up position and is fluidly communicable with a second conduit formed within the piston when in a down position.

Abstract: In a hand-held power tool, in particular an impact drill driver, having a gearbox assemblage, a hammer impact mechanism, and a tool spindle, the gearbox assemblage includes at least one gear stage element which is provided in order to split a power flow so as to make available different rotation speeds for an impact mode and a rotation mode.

Abstract: A hammer mechanism is described as having a snap die, a tool chuck drive shaft, and an impact generating shutoff unit, which has a blocking element, which is provided for the purpose of preventing an axial displacement of the snap die. The blocking element acts on the snap die in parallel to at least one force of the tool chuck drive shaft, at least during a drilling operation.

Abstract: An electrical combination including a power tool, charger and an adapter separate from and connectable between the battery and the tool housing or battery charger to support the battery on the tool housing or the battery charger, the adapter having adapter leads for electrically coupling the battery to the power tool or the battery charger, the adapter having a mechanical lockout for allowing an electrical coupling between the adapter and the power tool while preventing an electrical coupling between the adapter and the battery charger.

Abstract: A bi-directional grip structure and hand tool incorporating the same. The structure includes a base and first and second sets of protrusions. The first and second sets of protrusions include inclined surfaces positioned in opposing directions.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a semiconductor device includes a holder for holding a carrier and a supporting base for receiving the holder comprising a recess for accommodating a plurality of balls mounted on a surface of the carrier. Furthermore, a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes providing a carrier, providing an apparatus comprising a supporting base including a recess, holding the carrier on the supporting base and accommodating a plurality of balls mounted on a surface of the carrier in the recess.

Abstract: Multi-use tool tables configured to support table tools and allow selective rotation of the table tools between an upright position and an inverted position are described in the present application. The multi-use tool tables include: one or more rotatable plates having a first surface for receiving a first tool and a second opposing surface for receiving a second tool, a perimeter edge of the one or more rotatable plates being attached to a rotatable shaft; a column with a first attached to a support mechanism and a second attached to a sleeve, the sleeve being configured to receive the rotatable shaft; and a stop mechanism configured to selectively resist movement of the rotatable shaft within the sleeve. The one or more rotatable plates are rotatable between a first surface upright/second surface inverted position and a second surface upright/first surface inverted position.

Abstract: A portable toolbox having a rigid rectangular tool container with an openable top enclosure, a base and a plurality of independently movable legs attached pivotally to the side of the toolbox having wheels and casters that rotate from a storage position to a mobile position so that the toolbox can be manually moved on its wheels and legs from a truck bed to a jobsite. The legs include pivotal cross braces and support braces which are engaged to the toolbox frame in the mobile position. The legs, the cross braces and support braces can all be simply folded up independently for each leg and each leg rotated to a storage position allowing the toolbox to be securely mounted within a truck bed when not in use.

Abstract: A tool box unit contains: a body, at least one upper cover, at least one drawer, and a controlling mechanism. The body includes at least one first accommodating space defined therein; the at least one upper cover is rotatably fixed on an upper side of the body; the at least one drawer is slidably fixed in the at least one first accommodating space of the body and has at least one receiving portion for accommodating tools. The controlling mechanism includes at least one trench formed on two first side plates of the body, and each trench has a control member fixed therein and at least one hooking element rotatably connected with each side plate, the control member has at least one oblique push face for pushing the at least one hooking element to rotate.

Abstract: A device for dynamic reconfiguration of robot components includes: a resource monitoring unit for monitoring resources of a plurality of boards on which components for executing tasks of a robot are loaded; a dynamic reconfiguration unit for dynamically reconfiguring components of the boards, in the case at least one of the boards is at a risk for a scarcity of resources; and a log managing unit for storing a configuration of present components and a configuration of reconfigured components. Accordingly, it is possible to recognize a scarcity of resources in advance while the robot is operating and prevent the robot from malfunctioning by distributing the components.

Abstract: Provided is a robot capable of achieving more efficient and faster calculation for generating a gait. A target ZMP trajectory of a robot 1 is defined by a linear function of a target landing position that uses a time function as a coefficient. The time function is defined by a function that permits specified function transformation related to time, and a dynamics model is defined by the specified function transformation related to time. Thus, the problem of determining a target landing position is formulated as a problem accompanied by a linear constraint in which a first specified requirement (a target ZMP trajectory linearly approximated by the linear function of a target landing position falls within a permissible existence range) is satisfied.