Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure can include systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media configured to identify a set of features associated with at least one of a collection of residences or an energy billing period. Measured energy consumption information and a plurality of feature values can be acquired for each residence in the collection of residences. Each feature value in the plurality of feature values can correspond to a respective feature in the set of features. A regression model can be trained based on the measured energy consumption information and the plurality of features values for each residence in the collection of residences. At least one expected consumption value and at least one efficient consumption value can be determined based on the regression model.

Abstract: In an approach for estimating solar array power generation for an installation of a solar array, a processor determines a location of an installation of a solar array. A processor determines, over a course of a specified time interval, a path of traversal of a source of energy relative to the location of the installation of the solar array. A processor scans an area surrounding the solar array. A processor estimates, based, at least in part, on the path of traversal of the source of energy and the area surrounding the solar array, an amount of power to be generated by the solar array.

Abstract: In an approach for estimating solar array power generation for an installation of a solar array, a processor determines a location of an installation of a solar array. A processor determines, over a course of a specified time interval, a path of traversal of a source of energy relative to the location of the installation of the solar array. A processor scans an area surrounding the solar array. A processor estimates, based, at least in part, on the path of traversal of the source of energy and the area surrounding the solar array, an amount of power to be generated by the solar array.

Abstract: A remote radio frequency (RF) power sensing unit including a first module and a second module. The first module may be configured to generate a digital output representative of a power level of a radio frequency (RF) signal. The second module may be configured to convert the digital output of the first module to a digital signal communicating the power level and transmit the digital signal communicating the power level over a wireless communication channel using a wireless protocol.

Abstract: A single wound single current transformer impedance measurement circuit for determining a circuit element parameter in a ground fault circuit interrupter circuit. The circuit includes a transconductance amplifier having first and second input terminals and first and second output terminals. In an embodiment, a first detector has input terminal coupled to the first output terminal of the transconductance amplifier and another input terminal coupled for receiving a first electrical signal. A second detector has a terminal coupled to the second output terminal of the transconductance amplifier and an input terminal coupled for receiving the first electrical signal. Alternatively, the second detector has an input terminal coupled to the first output terminal of the transconductance amplifier and another input terminal coupled for receiving the first electrical signal.

Abstract: A device for measuring an electric field in a conducting medium, including: an insulating enclosure; first, second, and third pairs of electrodes, the electrodes of a same pair being arranged on opposite external walls of the enclosure, and the electrodes of the first, second, and third pairs being centered on first, second, and third orthogonal axes; a first conductive coil; a first pair of switches enabling to alternately connect the first coil between the electrodes of the first, of the second, and of the third pair of electrodes; and a single magnetometer.

Abstract: A device for measuring an electric field in a conducting medium, including: two electrodes separated by a volume of an insulating material; a current measurement device; a voltage measurement device; and a switch enabling to alternately connect the current measurement device and the voltage measurement device between the electrodes.

Abstract: Stress compensated systems and methods of compensating for electrical and mechanical stress are discussed. One example system can include a first circuit and a global stress compensation component. The first circuit can be configured to generate a first signal and can comprise at least one local stress compensation component (e.g., employing dynamic element matching, chopping, etc.). The global stress compensation component can comprise one or more stress sensors configured to sense one or more stress components associated with the system. The global stress compensation component can be configured to receive the first signal and to compensate for stress effects on the first signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to circuit arrangements for cable checking, cable testing, cable diagnosis and/or cable fault localization with a voltage source having a first voltage multiplier for a positive voltage and a second voltage multiplier for a negative voltage current sources that are connected to one another in combination with the voltage multipliers to generate a test voltage over the load impedance of the cable to charge and discharge the load capacitance of the cable and a control device that is interconnected with the voltage source and the current sources and devices with a circuit arrangement of that type. The circuit arrangements distinguish themselves, in particular, by the fact that arbitrary voltage curves of different amplitudes can be generated through the cable as the impedance acting as the test specimen.

Abstract: A fire control panel including an Ethernet network interface card comprising a card ground fault detection circuit, and a small form-factor pluggable module in communication with the Ethernet network interface card, the small form-factor pluggable module comprising a module ground fault detection circuit configured to detect a ground connection in field wiring. A method of detecting a ground fault within a fire control panel, the fire control panel including an Ethernet network interface card, including a processor and a network ground fault detection circuit in communication with the processor, and a small form-factor pluggable module in communication with the Ethernet network interface card, the small form-factor pluggable module including a module ground fault detection circuit, the method including the steps: operating the card ground fault detection circuit to enter a detection mode, and operating the module ground fault detection circuit to enter a detection mode.

Abstract: A grounding monitoring device is disclosed herein. In a described embodiment, the grounding monitoring device comprises a wrist strap comprising a first conductive portion for providing a first discharge path between a human arm and a ground; and a second conductive portion electrically isolated from the first conductive portion for providing a different second discharge path between the human arm and the ground. The grounding monitoring device further comprises a bipolar control voltage generator for applying a first voltage at a frequency f0 to the first conductive portion and an opposite second voltage at the frequency f0 to the second conductive portion; and an electrical circuit for: receiving a first total signal from the first conductive portion; receiving a second total signal from the second conductive portion; and forming an output signal based on a differential and common mode gains of the electrical circuit.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The device includes a first connector configured to couple with a second connector and including a plurality of contacts separated from each other, and a processor configured to detect an incomplete connection between the first connector and the second connector when an electric current does not flow through at least one of the contacts.

Abstract: A controller configured to detect fault conditions in a circuit that operates an electrical-load includes a gate-driver and a voltage-detector. The gate-driver is configured to control a gate-current to a switching-device. The gate-current is controlled such that the switching-device is operated in a linear-state when the switching-device transitions from an on-state to an off-state. The voltage-detector is configured to determine a voltage-drop across the switching-device. The controller is configured to indicate a no-fault condition when the voltage-drop is greater than a voltage-threshold for more time than a no-fault interval after the switching device is operated from the on-state to the linear-state.

Abstract: In the systems and methods, an identifier is generated for a printed circuit board (PCB), chips are connected to the PCB, and corresponding sets of programmable bits on the chips are programmed to match specific sections of the identifier. Due to the generation of the identifier and the programming of the corresponding sets of programmable bits on the chips to match specific sections of the identifier, the validity of the chips can be verified at any time during product life. For example, for each chip, its set of programmable bits can be read and, then, a determination can be made as to whether that set of programmable bits is indeed programmed to match a specific section of the identifier. Operation of the PCB can be allowed when all the chips are determined to be valid and prohibited when any of the chips are determined to be invalid (e.g., previously used).

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a substrate, a master system on the substrate, a slave system on the substrate that is coupled to communicate with the master system, a first clock signal coupled to the master system, and a second clock signal coupled to the slave system. The master system is configured to isolate the slave system from the master system while a first test of the master system is conducted in parallel with a second test of the slave system. The master system uses the first clock signal during the first test and the slave system uses the second clock signal during the second test.

Abstract: An integrated circuit receives test-control information that is phase encoded on a scan clock used for testing a scan chain within the IC. The phase encoding does not affect the normal use of the scan clock and scan test chain and allows additional test-related data such as power supply, clock, and additional global and specialized status data to be collected by a secondary test data storage system such as a shift register. The phase encoding further controls selectively outputting the enhanced test status or the traditional scan test outputs.

Abstract: A failing latch is identified on a chip including a plurality of latches with the failing latch receiving data propagated from a first set of test input latches. A diagnostic set of latches is determined which includes the failing latch and a set of related latches. The set of related latches each receives data propagated from at least one test input latch from the first set of test input latches. The set of related latches is identified from a related latches table. One or more tests are performed on the chip and test output data is collected from the diagnostic set of latches. The related latches table is created by tracing from a target latch.

Abstract: A test system based on multiple instances of reconfigurable instrument IP specifically matched to the device under test may be used in integrating automated testing of semiconductor devices between pre-silicon simulation, post-silicon validation, and production test phases, in one embodiment of software and hardware across all three phases, for different devices. The reconfigurable test system comprises: a tester instrument, instances of instrument IP instantiated in the tester instruments, a computer system, and a test program. The tester instrument connects to a device under test (DUT), and includes FPGAs reconfigurable for the three testing phases. The computer system has a user interface, and a controller connected to the reconfigurable tester instrument via a data bus.

Abstract: A circuit for diagnostic testing includes a current source coupled to a power source and configured to provide wetting current along a path to a load control switch, a current sensor connected in series with the current source along the path, the current sensor being configured to generate a current sensor signal indicative of a current level along the path, a voltage measurement unit having an input terminal coupled to a node along the path through which the wetting current flows to reach the load control switch, the voltage measurement unit being configured to detect a state of the load control switch based on a voltage at the node, and a controller coupled to the current sensor and the voltage measurement unit, the controller being configured to determine a wetting current diagnostic condition in accordance with the current level and the detected state.

Abstract: Provided is a trace data recording system, including: a trace data generator configured to generate trace data of equipment relating to motor control; a trace data transmitter configured to transmit the generated trace data to a server via a network; and a trace data recorder configured to record the transmitted trace data in the server.

Abstract: Described examples include controllers and methods for controlling an inverter to drive a load and for detecting load faults by determining phasor values representing voltages and currents associated with the individual load phases based on sets of input values, determining voltage and current sequence components according to the phasor values, determining a sequence impedance value by recursively solving a set of update equations at least partially according to the voltage and current sequence components, and detecting a load fault when the sequence impedance value exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: A method for determining a state of charge of a rechargeable battery using an open-circuit voltage characteristic curve of the rechargeable battery includes the steps of (a) loading the rechargeable battery in any desired manner by an application up to a first time; discharging the rechargeable battery with a prespecified discharge current from the first time up to a second time; discharging the rechargeable battery at most with a quiescent current, which is produced by the application, from the second time up to a third time; measuring an open-circuit voltage of the rechargeable battery at the earliest at the third time; and determining the state of charge using the open-circuit voltage characteristic curve on the basis of the open-circuit voltage. Also described is a corresponding apparatus, a corresponding computer program and a corresponding storage medium.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring a battery stack having a plurality of cells are provided. One system includes a plurality of time delay circuits. Each of the time delay circuits is electrically coupled to at least one of the plurality of cells. The time delay circuits are configured to execute a time delay in response to receiving a trigger signal and output a time delay marking signal indicating that the time delay has elapsed. The time delay is based on a voltage of the cell(s) to which the respective time delay circuit is electrically coupled. The system further includes a control circuit configured to receive the time delay marking signal from each of the time delay circuits and, for each received time delay marking signal, to determine the voltage of the at least one of the plurality of cells associated with the respective time delay marking signal.

Abstract: An apparatus used with a processor to perform fuel gauge operation for a battery of a portable device includes a voltage measuring circuit and a control circuit. The voltage measuring circuit periodically measures and records a battery pack voltage for the battery according to time information received from the processor after the processor enters a sleep mode. The control circuit generates an accumulation result by calculating and accumulating at least one value of battery characteristics according to the battery pack voltage, and compares the accumulation result with a reference threshold of battery characteristics to determine whether to trigger an interrupt to wake up the processor, so as to cause the processor to update a battery cell voltage and an internal battery resistance of the battery for performing fuel gauge operation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for estimating a power of a fuel cell. The method includes estimating a predictive current at a predetermined voltage in a controller, based on a present current-voltage characteristic of the fuel cell while the temperature of the fuel cell is being raised, estimating a first power, based on the estimated predictive current and the predetermined voltage, after the step of estimating the predictive current, estimating a second power based on a cell voltage rate while estimating the first power, and calculating an available power of the fuel cell, based on the first power and the second power, after the step of estimating the first power and the step of estimating the second power are performed.

Abstract: A system, method, and battery control module for detecting negative contactor status of a battery, such as a high voltage vehicle battery, is disclosed. The method includes applying a constant current to a bipolar transistor element having a base, an emitter, and a collector, wherein the base is electrically connected to a first resistor and an analog-to-digital converter, the collector being electrically connected to a second resistor and a diode. A collected current is delivered by the collector, and the method includes injecting the collected current through the second resistor and the diode and into a negative contactor of a battery. The method also includes determining a resistance across the negative contactor of the battery. The system may include a battery having a negative contactor, the negative contactor having a switch side, and a battery control module in communication with the battery.

Abstract: A device and associated testing method for empirically determining the state-of-charge of an electrochemical energy device, comprising: applying electrical excitations to the energy device at a predetermined electrical excitation frequency ?e; applying mechanical excitations to the energy device at a predetermined mechanical excitation frequency ?m; measuring an electrically-induced phase difference ??e(?e) between voltage (V) and current (I) within the energy device from applying the electrical excitations; measuring a mechanically-induced phase difference ??e(?m) between voltage (V) and current (I) within the energy device from applying the mechanical excitations; and deducing the empirical real-time state-of-health of the energy device by comparing the electrically-induced phase difference ??e(?e) with the mechanically-induced phase difference ??e(?m); and using the deduced state of health to determine the state of charge.

Abstract: An in-vehicle battery sensor includes a sensor configured to couple to a storage battery. A memory is configured to store calibration information. An input receives calibration information which is saved in the memory. A controller performs a battery test on the storage battery using the sensor output and the stored calibration information.

Abstract: A system and method to detect the loss or disruption of one or more phases of a three phase alternating current (AC) power source used in the operation of a valve actuator. The loss of one or more phases of a three phase AC power source may cause a peak in AC power output. While a peak in AC power output may not affect an operation of electronic circuitry, all three phases are often required to safely operate other hardware components, such as an AC motor that is associated with the valve actuator. Therefore, in response to detecting the loss or disruption of at least one phase of a three phase AC power source, this disclosure presents a system and method to inhibit damaging operations such as operating an AC motor associated with a valve actuator, and continuing to operate communications and diagnostic circuitry to report the condition.

Abstract: A power system state estimation device for estimating a state amount of a power system having: a calculation unit which executes calculations on the power system; a system division unit which is inputted with system information and a measured value of the state amount of the power system to divide the power system into an observable subsystem and an unobservable subsystem; a state estimation unit that is inputted with the system information and the measured value of the state amount to calculate an estimated value of the state amount in the observable subsystem divided by the system division unit; and a state range estimation unit that is inputted with the system information, the measured value of the state amount and a constraint value of the state amount of the power system to calculate an estimated range of the state amount in the unobservable subsystem divided by the system division unit.

Abstract: The magnetic sensor includes a magnetic flux concentrator member having a length in a direction of a second axis, a first magnetic detector arranged on a negative side of a first axis from the magnetic flux concentrator member and on a positive side of the second axis from a midpoint of the magnetic flux concentrator member in a length direction, a second magnetic detector arranged on a positive side of the first axis from the magnetic flux concentrator member and on the positive side of the second axis from the midpoint of the magnetic flux concentrator member in the length direction, and a third magnetic detector arranged on the negative side of the first axis from the magnetic flux concentrator member and on a negative side of the second axis from the midpoint of the magnetic flux concentrator member in the length direction.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a circuit is configured to produce a magnetic field signal having a frequency spectrum. The circuit may also produce a temperature signal. A modulation circuit may modulate the temperature signal with a frequency outside the frequency spectrum of the magnetic field signal. The modulated signal and the magnetic field signal may be combined to produce a combined signal. A separation circuit may be configured to separate component signals from the combined signal. The separation circuit may include a first filter, which, when applied to the combined signal, produces a filtered signal; a modulation circuit configured to shift the data representing the temperature signal to a baseband frequency; and a second filter configured to separate the data representing the temperature signal from the combined signal.

Abstract: A method for detecting a relative position of a magnetic field source is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of detecting at least two magnetic field components of a magnetic field produced by a magnetic field source using a magnetic field sensor, determining a temperature effect compensation which compensates for a temperature effect on the magnetic field components, and establishing an output signal corresponding to the relative position of the magnetic field source based on a quotient of the magnetic field components, the temperature effect compensation, and an offset correction.

Abstract: The magnetometers possess detector part with a magnetic wire sensitive to magnetic field consisting of a domain structure of the surface domain with circular spin alignment and core domain with longitudinal spin alignment and micro coil surrounding its magnetic wire to pick up the change of longitudinal magnetizing caused by spin rotation in surface domain with circular spin alignment called as GSR effect excited by pulse with frequency of 0.5 GHz to 4 GHz. Peak coil voltage is detected by a circuit characterized with pulse generator, GSR element, Buffer circuit, sample holding circuit, amplifier circuit and means to invert it to external magnetic field. The induced coil voltage caused by parasitic coil capacitance and wiring loop is vanished by combination coil of right and left turn coil. The magnetometers can provide lower noise, wide measuring range with a small size detector part and is applied to smartphones, wearable computer and so on.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor includes an MR element and a bias magnetic field generation unit. The MR element includes a magnetization pinned layer, a nonmagnetic layer and a free layer stacked along Z direction. The bias magnetic field generation unit includes a first antiferromagnetic layer, a ferromagnetic layer and a second antiferromagnetic layer stacked along the Z direction. The bias magnetic field generation unit has a first end face and and a second end face located at opposite ends in the Z direction. The MR element is placed such that the entirety of the MR element is contained in a space formed by shifting an imaginary plane equivalent to the first end face of the bias magnetic field generation unit away from the second end face along the Z direction.

Abstract: A magnetometric sensor comprises a magnetoresistance effect element having a sensitivity axis in a specific direction; including a fixed magnetic layer, a nonmagnetic material layer, and a free magnetic layer stacked in this order on a substrate; and including a first antiferromagnetic layer on the free magnetic layer on the opposite side to the side facing the nonmagnetic material layer to cause an exchange coupling bias between the first antiferromagnetic layer and the free magnetic layer and align the magnetization direction of the free magnetic layer in a prescribed direction in a state of permitting variation in magnetization. The free magnetic layer includes a first free magnetic sub-layer, a misfit-reducing sub-layer for decreasing the lattice mismatch of the free magnetic layer with the first antiferromagnetic layer, and a second free magnetic sub-layer ferromagnetically coupled to the first free magnetic sub-layer in this order from the first antiferromagnetic layer side.

Abstract: A magnetic sensor cell includes a magnetic tunnel junction including a reference layer having a reference magnetization oriented parallel to the plane of the reference layer, a sense layer having a sense magnetization, and a tunnel barrier layer between the sense and reference layers. A magnetic device is configured for providing a sense magnetic field for aligning the sense magnetization. The sense layer magnetization is orientable between a direction parallel to the plane of the sense layer and a direction perpendicular to the plane of the sense layer when the sense magnetic field is provided. The magnetic sensor cell can be used for sensing an external magnetic field including a component oriented parallel to the plane of the sense layer and a component oriented perpendicular to the plane of the sense layer.

Abstract: An accessory comprises at least one first electrical accessory port for connection to a respective matching electrical coil port of an MR coil and at least one second electrical accessory port for connection to a respective matching electrical device port of an MR device. The first accessory port and the second accessory port do not match one another. The respective first accessory port is connected to the associated second accessory port by electrical adaptation.

Abstract: An MR device has at least one distribution network for distributing an electrical input signal (to a number of feeding points of an MR antenna. The distribution network has at least one first signal output and one second signal output connected to a node, a first phase-shifting element disposed between the node and the first signal output, and a second phase-shifting element disposed between the node and the second signal output. The first phase-shifting element and the second phase-shifting element create a different phase shift, and the first phase-shifting element and the second phase-shifting element are embodied as electrical lines of different length. The distribution network is applicable, for example, to feeding signals to a body coil of the MR device, especially a so-called birdcage antenna.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a probe for use within the field of nuclear magnetic resonance, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)). One embodiment relates to an RF probe for magnetic resonance imaging and/or spectroscopy comprising a conductive non-magnetic hollow waveguide having an internal volume and at least one open end, one or more capacitors and at least a first conductive non-magnetic wire, wherein said first conductive wire connects at least one of said one or more capacitors to opposite walls of one open end of the waveguide and wherein said first conductive wire and said one or more capacitors are located outside of said internal volume, wherein the internal volume of the hollow waveguide defines an imaging volume or sample volume.

Abstract: An adaptive passive quench propagation circuit in combination with a superconducting magnet having multiple superconducting coils electrically connected in series between a power supply terminal and a ground reference voltage terminal, has a superconducting switch arranged to electrically connect the power supply terminal and the ground reference voltage terminal to provide a closed-loop persistent superconducting circuit, multiple resistive heaters, each in thermal contact with one of the coils, a tapping point situated between two electrically adjacent coils, and a quench propagation circuit connected between the tapping point and a reference voltage.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance device includes at least one gradient amplifier and at least one gradient coil. The magnetic resonance device also includes a switching matrix unit that is embodied flexibly to connect the at least one gradient amplifier to the at least one gradient coil. A preliminary pulse sequence for the magnetic resonance device provides that in the optimized pulse sequence, a sufficient number of gradient amplifiers is available at any point for operating the gradient coils used.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus according to an embodiment includes an acquiring unit, a detecting unit, a deriving unit, and an imaging controller. The acquiring unit acquires three-dimensional image data including a target organ. The detecting unit detects an upper end position and a lower end position of the target organ in the three-dimensional image data. The deriving unit derives an imaging range of subsequent imaging performed after acquisition of the three-dimensional image data based on the upper end position and the lower end position of the target organ. The imaging controller controls performance of the subsequent imaging in accordance with the imaging range.

Abstract: In a method and a magnetic resonance (MR) system for automated determination of the resonance frequency of a nucleus for magnetic resonance examinations, at least one MR signal is detected, and is Fourier-transformed into a spectrum composed of elements that can be represented as a vector. An analysis of the spectrum is conducted, wherein at least two cross-correlation coefficients of at least one model spectrum are determined by use of the measured spectrum. Prior to the analysis, a spectrum matrix having at least two vectors is determined from the spectrum, with each vector of the spectrum matrix being formed using all or some of the spectrum.

Abstract: When generating MR images for segmentation and/or use in correcting attenuation in subsequent images using other modalities (e.g., PET, SPECT, etc.), a surrogate soft tissue device is provided and positioned on the patient near the artifact source to provide a surrogate soft tissue boundary that can be imaged and interpreted during segmentation to mitigate the deleterious effects of a local susceptibility artifact in the MR image. More specifically, a metal implant may generate a signal void in MRI which may confound the segmentation of the lung in the MR image in such a manner that the lung and the air outside of the patient is falsely identified as one connected region. By providing the surrogate soft tissue device and positioning it in such a manner that its soft tissue boundary separates the lung and the outside air despite the signal void, the segmentation can be improved, thereby improving the attenuation correction which is based on the segmentation result.

Abstract: In a method and magnetic resonance (MR) apparatus for acquiring MR signals from an examination object an RF excitation pulse is directed into the examination object while activating magnetic field gradients in two different spatial directions, such that a magnetization in the examination object in the two different spatial directions is limited by the RF excitation pulse and the switching of the magnetic field gradients. The magnetization is excited in one of the two spatial directions, of a slice selection direction, in a number of periodic layers, so MR signals are generated in the multiple periodic slices. The MR signals in the multiple periodic layers are read out using multiple reception coils of the MR scanner.

Abstract: A method for auto-calibrating a semiconductor component tester is provided. The semiconductor component tester includes a wafer tester or a package IC tester. Firstly, an initial tester setting value and an initial board setting value are acquired through a calibration board. Then, the test record of the semiconductor component corresponding to each test time and the tester parameter and the board parameter for testing the semiconductor component are recoded. If the semiconductor component fails the test, the semiconductor component is tested again according to the previously-passed tester parameter and the previously-passed board parameter, or the semiconductor component is tested again after the tester parameter and the board parameter are adjusted. The method of the present invention is capable of correcting the improper test result from the improper tester parameter.

Abstract: Electronic modules with small and flexible interfaces are disclosed. One example electronic module includes a power supply terminal configured to receive power for the electronic module and circuitry configured to carry out various functions. The functions carried out by the electronic module circuitry include simultaneously receiving both of the following via the power supply terminal: a power signal for carrying out a mission mode operation of the electronic module, and a data signal.

Abstract: A method according to the present disclosure for the controlled connection of a calibration standard in an associated calibration module to a port to be calibrated of a network analyser connects the port to be calibrated of the network analyser to a high-frequency port of the calibration module. It transmits a high-frequency signal generated in the network analyser with an information signalling the calibration standard to be used to the high-frequency port of the calibration module. Within the calibration module, the information signalling the calibration standard to be used is detected from the high-frequency signal received in the calibration module, and the calibration standard to be used is connected to the high-frequency port of the calibration module by a control unit integrated in the calibration module.

Abstract: The present inventive concept includes a duct system and method for using same to map and locate ducts. A preferred embodiment of the duct system includes a duct, a plurality of electronic information modules and an oversheath at least partially covering the plurality of information modules and fixing the information modules to the duct. The plurality of information modules are configured to emit a positional signal to enable location of the information modules and associated duct(s) and/or mapping of the duct system.