Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for verifying or correcting the temperature sensor and compressor pairings within the HVAC system control logic, indicating that a sensor is logically paired with the specific compressor, from amongst a tandem compressor group, to which the sensor is coupled.

Abstract: A remote controller power supply method for an air-conditioning apparatus, configured to control a plurality of indoor units divided into groups with different remote controllers, is provided that allows exclusion of a supply current monitoring circuit from a circuit board of the indoor units. In the air-conditioning apparatus including an outdoor unit and the plurality of indoor units, the plurality of indoor units are divided into two or more groups, and the indoor units in each of the groups are connected to a different remote controller. The indoor units are each allocated with an address having a ranking given according to a predetermined rule, and the outdoor unit instructs the indoor unit having the address of a first rank, out of the plurality of indoor units in each of the groups, to supply power to the remote controller.

Abstract: A smart-home device may include a plurality of temperature sensors, and a processing system that may be configured to operate a first operating state characterized by relatively low power consumption and a corresponding relatively low associated heat generation, and a second operating state characterized by relatively high power consumption and a corresponding relatively high associated heat generation. During time intervals in which the processing system is operating in the first operating state, the processing system may process the temperature sensor measurements according to a first ambient temperature determination algorithm to compute the determined ambient temperature. During time intervals in which the processing system is operating in the second operating state, the processing system may process the temperature sensor measurements according to a second ambient temperature determination algorithm to compute the determined ambient temperature.

Abstract: A storage unit stores threshold data indicating first and second thresholds. A heater control determination unit reads the threshold data from the storage unit, enables a heater control when an outdoor air temperature is equal to or lower than the first threshold, and disables the heater control when the outdoor air temperature is equal to or higher than the second threshold. A heater operation control unit sets a heater operation to be always-off when the heater control is disabled, and ON/OFF controls the heater operation based on a relation between an indoor temperature and a set temperature when the heater control is enabled. A reception unit receives a threshold designation signal input by a user and designating at least one of the first and second thresholds. A threshold setting unit sets, based on designation by the received threshold designation signal, the threshold data stored in the storage unit.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a dehumidifier control method and apparatus, and a dehumidifier. The control method includes that: an environment temperature parameter and an environment humidity parameter of a dehumidifier are collected; a working condition of the dehumidifier is determined according to the environment temperature parameter and the environment humidity parameter; a running mode corresponding to the working condition is obtained; and the dehumidifier is controlled to work under the running mode. The control method improves the stability of the dehumidifier.

Abstract: In a known air conditioner, when the operation setting of the air conditioner is changed from a visiting destination or the like by a user using a terminal, another user in an air-conditioned space in which the air conditioner is provided may misunderstand the change as a malfunction of the air conditioner. A sound notification controller (sound notification unit) of an air conditioner is arranged such that, when an operation change instruction is supplied from a terminal different from a remote controller which is an accessory of the air conditioner, the air conditioner notifies by a message that the operation change instruction is supplied from the terminal, in response to the operation change instruction supplied from the terminal.

Abstract: A building ventilator to provide a supply of air into a building comprises an external inlet port and a separate external outlet port and an internal inlet port and a separate internal outlet port to allow respective airstreams to flow into and out of the ventilator respectively at an exterior and at an interior of the building; a heat exchanger mounted in the flow paths between the external and internal inlet and outlet ports. The ventilator is configured to drive an airflow from the external inlet port through the heat exchanger and out of the ventilator via the internal outlet port; and to drive an airflow from the internal inlet port through the heat exchanger and out of the ventilator via the external outlet port. The ventilator comprises a heating element mounted in the air flow path between the external inlet port and the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A heat exchanger system has two heat exchangers, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger, mounted within a single enclosure, a first air inlet for receiving air from a first air system, a first air outlet, one or more second air inlets for receiving air from a second air system, one or more second air outlets, a first air path defined as a sealed air path from the first air inlet through the first heat exchanger, to the first air outlet, and a second air path, a third air path and a fourth air path, wherein the first air path transfers heat/energy through the first heat exchanger in a counter-flow relation with the third air path, and the second air path transfer heat/energy through the second heat exchanger in a counterflow relation with the fourth air path.

Abstract: A backdraft damper for permitting a flow of air in an outflow direction and preventing the flow of air in a backdraft direction has a frame provided with a transverse opening allowing the passage of air through the frame. One or more blades extend across the frame and are mounted to the frame about a central portion by pivot members, for rotation between open and closed positions.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an auxiliary condensate collection system for an air conditioner includes a guide sheet and a drain pan. The guide sheet is positioned under an air handler of the air conditioner to collect condensate overflow and direct the condensate to a drain pan. The guide sheet is large, but flexible, so that it can be rolled up to fit through an attic access hole. The drain pan is small enough that it fits through the attic access hole also. In other embodiments, the auxiliary condensate collection system includes two or more drain pans that can fit through an attic access hole and a bridge that spans a seam formed between the edges of the drain pans arranged side-by-side or end-to-end to seal the seam and direct condensate into the side-by-side or end-to-end drain pans. In other embodiments, each drain pan has an integral overlapping flange so that a matrix of drain pans can be connected together both side-by-side and/or end-to-end.

Abstract: The heat exchanger (1) comprises a helical flow conduit (8) for a liquid, made with a pipe (9) of extruded thermally conductive material, provided with a pair of facing and mutually parallel fins (13), which extend from a portion of the outer surface thereof. This pipe (9) is helically wound about a longitudinal axis (A-A) such as to form a sequence of adjacent turns (10) separated by interspaces (11) through which, during use, hot gases, in particular combustion fumes, flow. The fins (13) extend helically, towards the outside relative to the axis (A-A) of the helical conduit (8), and have respective pluralities of through-openings (20, 21) which interconnect the region (16) comprised between them and the interspaces (11, 14) defined with respect to the adjacent turns (10). Flow paths are thus defined through these fins (13), outside the helical conduit (9), for the hot gases which during use pass through the interspaces (11, 14) between the turns of the helical conduit (8).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structure for coupling a case to an air heater, and the structure includes: an air heater body for generating flames with the fuel supplied from a fuel tank and forcedly blowing the heat of the flames to the outside; the case detachably coupled surroundingly to the air heater body; fastening screws for unitarily coupling the air heater body and the case to each other; coupling flanges formed on both sides of the case in a longitudinal direction of the case and having first screw coupling holes screw-coupled to the fastening screws; and coupling brackets located on one side and the other side of the air heater body in the longitudinal direction of the air heater body in such a manner as to come into surface contact with the coupling flanges and having second screw coupling holes formed thereon correspondingly to the first screw coupling holes.

Abstract: The present invention is a system for tank recovery comprising a tankless having an outlet and a storage tank that is operatively connected to the tankless. A pump is operatively connected to the tankless and the pump is operatively connected to the storage tank. A first thermistor is in thermal communication with the outlet of the tankless. The first thermistor measures a first temperature of the outlet of the tankless when the pump is active. A second thermistor is in thermal communication with the storage tank. The second thermistor measures a second temperature of the storage tank. A controller has a stored default temperature for the tankless. The controller receives the measured second temperature from the second thermistor. The controller compares the stored default temperature for the tankless to the measured second temperature from the second thermistor.

Abstract: A control system for controlling a gas powered water heater includes a thermoelectric generator to provide electrical power at a first voltage, a valve control system to selectively hold a main gas valve in an open position, a valve pick system to selectively pick the main gas valve from a closed position to the open position using the electrical power at the first voltage, and a power converter. The controller is electrically powered by a boosted electrical power at the second voltage from the power converter. The controller is communicatively coupled to the valve control system, the valve pick system, and the safety system. The controller is configured to control operation of the main burner and the main gas valve using the valve control system, the valve pick system, and the safety system to provide water heated to substantially a setpoint temperature.

Abstract: A radiant heat-absorbing heat-preserving container includes a heat-absorbing body having an outer surface, an opening, and a receiving space; and a light-permeable layer covering the outer surface of the heat-absorbing body. Another radiant heat-absorbing heat-preserving container includes a base, a heat-absorbing cover having an outer surface, and a light-permeable layer covering the outer surface of the heat-absorbing cover, wherein the heat-absorbing cover is tightly connected with the periphery of the base to form a receiving space between the heat-absorbing cover and the base. A thermal insulation layer is formed between the light-permeable layer and the heat-absorbing cover in the radiant heat-absorbing heat-preserving containers of the present invention. When the outer surface of the heat-absorbing body or cover is exposed to light passing through the light-permeable layer, the heat-absorbing body or cover absorbs the thermal energy of, and is thus heated by, the light.

Abstract: A flameless friction heater is a device for generating both heated air and hydronic heat within a single unit. A friction-generating assembly is positioned within an interior casing that is positioned within an exterior casing. The friction-generating assembly generates heat as a rotor disc is rotated against a friction clamp by a shaft. The rotor disc and the friction clamp are submerged within a quantity of water. A fan circulates air through the exterior casing and the air is heated as the air passes by the interior casing. The air is circulated from a first open end to a second open end of the exterior casing. The device may include a first fluid conduit and a second fluid conduit that are utilized to transport portions of the quantity of fluid into and out of the interior casing after the quantity of fluid is heated.

Abstract: The present application provides a condenser for a cascade refrigeration system. The condenser may include an outer shell, a microchannel coil, an ammonia refrigerant flowing through the microchannel coil, and a water based coolant flowing through the outer shell for heat exchange with the ammonia refrigerant.

Abstract: A centrifugal heat pump system includes a steam system with a steam supply, a steam turbine and a steam condenser connected in a steam loop; and a refrigerant system including a first compressor and a second compressor, a refrigerant condenser, and an evaporator connected in a refrigerant loop. The steam turbine includes a rotary drive shaft disposed axially and extending from a first end and a second end of the steam turbine. A sump system collects and redistributes oil or other lubricating fluid. The first compressor is coupled by a first coupling device to the first end of the steam turbine drive shaft and the second compressor is coupled by a second coupling device to the second end of the steam turbine drive shaft. The first and second compressors are connected in parallel in the refrigerant loop and controlled to share a cooling load equally.

Abstract: A pantry box system for a refrigerating appliance includes a pantry mullion having an interstitial space defined therein, a pantry wall extending perpendicularly from the pantry mullion, a base positioned substantially parallel with the pantry mullion. The pantry mullion, pantry wall and base define an insertable pantry compartment having an internal pantry volume. A pantry drawer is in operable communication with the internal pantry volume, and is operable through a drawer aperture defined in the pantry wall between open and closed positions. The pantry drawer includes an exterior drawer panel that conceals the drawer aperture when the at least one pantry drawer in in the closed position. A pantry box cooling system is configured to deliver cooling to the insertable pantry compartment from an external location, wherein the pantry box cooling system includes a control that independently controls a pantry temperature of the insertable pantry compartment.

Abstract: A method for refrigeration through voltage-controlled entropy change includes applying a voltage signal to a piezoelectric material to generate strain in the piezoelectric material, generating strain in a magnetic material attached to the piezoelectric material, and generating a change in a temperature of the magnetic material in response to the strain in the magnetic material.

Abstract: Methods and systems for pumping compressible fluids in high pressure applications such as high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) or supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) applications are disclosed. An improved cooling device for a pump head for use in a supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) system is described. A system for chilling a pumping system, includes a Peltier cooling element in thermal contact with a pump head, wherein the cooling element chills the pump head and a mobile phase fluid flowstream prior to the mobile phase fluid entering the pump; a fluid-cooled heat exchanger, attached to the Peltier cooling element, which removes heat from the cooling element using a circulating fluid; and a second heat exchanger which cools the circulating fluid.

Abstract: The invention concerns an air conditioning system for the conditioning of the air of a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle. The air conditioning system has a refrigerant circuit with a compressor, a refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger for desuperheating the refrigerant after the compression, a first refrigerant-air heat exchanger and a second refrigerant-air heat exchanger, and at least one coolant circuit. The coolant circuit has a heating heat exchanger for heating an air mass flow being supplied to the passenger compartment. The refrigerant-coolant heat exchanger is designed as a component of the coolant circuit having the heating heat exchanger. The air conditioning system is designed for an operation in refrigerator mode, in heat pump mode, and in afterheating mode for the heating, cooling, and dehumidification of the air being supplied to the passenger compartment. A valve arrangement switches the air conditioning system between the different operating modes.

Abstract: A lubricant management system is provided. The lubricant management system may include a compressor, at least one sensor, and a controller. The compressor may include a lubricant sump, a driveshaft, and a bearing assembly. The compressor may circulate a refrigerant. The lubricant sump may be configured for containing a lubricant. The bearing assembly may be supported by the driveshaft. The at least one sensor may be configured to determine at least one operating condition of the compressor. The controller may be in communication with the at least one sensor to receive the at least one operating condition. The controller may be configured to determine a lubricant film thickness from the at least one operating condition and compare the lubricant film thickness to a threshold lubricant film thickness.

Abstract: In an air conditioning apparatus, when the amounts of refrigerant oils retained in a first compressor and a second compressor are increased and oil levels in the first compressor and the second compressor reach a first oil outflow part and a second oil outflow part, the refrigerant oils subsequently sucked into the first compressor and the second compressor flow out of the first oil outflow part and the second oil outflow part to a first oil outflow pipe and a second oil outflow pipe, and flow from the first oil outflow pipe and the second oil outflow pipe to a refrigerant outflow pipe. The refrigerant oils flowing in the refrigerant outflow pipe from the first and second compressor through the first and second oil outflow pipe flow out of an outdoor unit through a four-way valve, and circulate through a refrigerant circuit together with refrigerants.

Abstract: A DC power-supply device that suppresses an excessive inrush current, can prevent breakage of elements and burnout of circuits, and converts alternating current from a three-phase AC power supply into direct current to supply it to a load, includes a rectifier circuit having a reactor connected to input or output side thereof and rectifying the alternating current from the three-phase AC power supply; first and second capacitors and connected in series between output terminals to the load; a charging unit selectively charges one or both of the first and second capacitors; and a control unit controlling the charging unit. When charging of the first and second capacitors is started, the control unit reduces the on-duty ratio, and then, until the on-duty ratio during a normal operation is reached, the control unit executes control such that the on-duty ratio is gradually increased as a predetermined time period is passed.

Abstract: A noise reduction insert for an evaporator. The noise reduction insert includes a body defining an inner volume of the insert. The body extends along a longitudinal axis of the insert. A perforated portion of the body defines a plurality of openings configured to allow fluid to pass out from within the inner volume through the plurality of openings. A flange at a first end of the body is opposite to a second end of the body. The flange defines an aperture through which the longitudinal axis extends. The aperture is configured to permit fluid to flow therethrough and into the inner volume defined by the body.

Abstract: A fluid collection assembly includes a vaporizer configured to vaporize a refrigerant to separate the refrigerant from a liquid and a sump configured to collect the liquid in a trough formed by a junction of two diagonal sides of the sump. The sump includes a heating element in the trough.

Abstract: A flush system for flushing an air conditioning system comprising: a flush fill tank; an input connector which connects to the flush fill tank; a recycle catch tank; an output connector which connects to the catch tank via a filter; an air pressure connection, where the air pressure connection supplies air pressure to the flush fill tank and provides air pressure to flush the air conditioning system; and a water separator between the air connection and flush fill tank. The flush system may further include an air valve and an air regulator connection at the air pressure connection, where the valve and regulator provide a means to control air pressure in the flush system. The flush system may also include a first hose connected between the input connector and an evaporator or condenser of the air conditioning system; and a second hose connected between the output connector and an evaporator or condenser of the air conditioning system.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a refrigerant control method for a dehumidifier. The method includes that: an environment temperature and an evaporator tube temperature of a dehumidifier are detected; according to the environment temperature and the evaporator tube temperature, a refrigerant leakage amount of the dehumidifier is obtained; and according to the refrigerant leakage amount, it is judged whether the dehumidifier has a refrigerant fault. The disclosure also discloses a refrigerant control apparatus for a dehumidifier.

Abstract: A temperature-controlled beverage dispenser is disclosed, which provides a cold plate having disposed therein beverage lines and refrigerant lines. The refrigerant lines may be connected to a cooling system, such as a heat exchanger, which is configured to remove heat from the cold plate. The beverage lines may be connected to a beverage supply for dispensing a desired beverage. Valves and a pressure sensor in the refrigerant line are connected to a microprocessor. At regular intervals, the microprocessor closes the valves, waits a short time, and then takes a pressure reading, which corresponds to a temperature. If the temperature falls below a desired value, then the cooling system is shut off. This permits the microprocessor to closely control the temperature of the beverage being dispensed.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a compressor over-load protection control method. The method includes that: the state of a compressor is detected (S101); it is judged whether the compressor is under over-load protection (S102); and if the compressor is under the over-load protection, fluorine shortage protection is shielded (S103). A compressor over-load protection control apparatus includes: a detection unit (10), configured to detect the state of a compressor; a judgement unit (20), configured to judge whether the compressor is under over-load protection; and a shielding unit (30), configured to shield fluorine shortage protection if the compressor is under the over-load protection. By means of the method and apparatus, the problem in the relevant art that a fluorine shortage false alarm is easily triggered is solved, thereby achieving the effect of preventing the fluorine shortage false alarm when the compressor is under the over-load protection.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a refrigerator which includes a compressor capable of generating cooling capacity for executing at least one of a refrigerating operation and a freezing operation, a temperature sensor capable of sensing an internal temperature of the refrigerator, to which cold air is supplied, at a specific period, in response to at least one of the freezing operation and the refrigerating operation, and a controller capable of calculating a rate of change in the internal temperature using the sensed internal temperature, and controlling the cooling capacity of the compressor based on the calculated rate of change in the internal temperature.

Abstract: An absorption cooler and a controller. The cooler comprises a mixture of ammonia, water and hydrogen gas. A boiler section drives refrigeration, a rectifier section separates and distills ammonia vapor and steam, and a condenser assembly liquefies ammonia vapor. Cooling occurs from an evaporator. A bypass tube connects the condenser with an absorber vessel. A first sensor in contact with the rectifier section establishes a first sensing zone for monitoring temperature to determine unlevel operation. A second sensing zone monitors condenser temperature and a third sensing zone monitors bypass tube temperature. The controller is responsive to the sensors and activates or deactivates the cooler or components in response. When unsafe vapor temperature at the exit of the condenser is sensed, auxiliary fans increase airflow, but if vapor temperature fails to drop, the refrigeration cycle is no longer continuous and power is interrupted.

Abstract: A refrigerator having an ice making device, comprises: a case having an opening at one side thereof; a tray accommodation portion having opened upper and lower surfaces, and configured to be inserted into or withdrawn from the case through the opening; an ice tray accommodated in the tray accommodation portion, and containing water to be frozen to ice cubes; and an accommodation portion coupling unit for coupling the tray accommodation portion to the case. Water is poured onto the ice tray in a state that the ice tray has been accommodated in the tray accommodation portion, and then the ice tray is carried to be mounted to the case. This may solve the conventional problem that each ice tray has to be carried.

Abstract: An ice making apparatus for an appliance includes a housing that has an interior volume and an ice tray horizontally suspended across the interior volume that is configured to retain water. The ice making apparatus also includes a heat pump thermally coupled to a bottom surface of the ice tray. The heat pump is configured to freeze water in the ice tray and expel heat. A heat transfer device is configured to move heat expelled by the heat pump to an upper portion of the interior volume.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a refrigerator having a first storage compartment, a second storage compartment, and a third storage compartment. The refrigerator includes a four-way valve including an inlet through which refrigerant is introduced, a plurality of outlets to discharge the refrigerant, and configured to open at least one of the plurality of outlets, a first heat exchanger connected to a first outlet of the plurality of outlets to adjust a temperature of the first storage compartment, a second heat exchanger connected to a second outlet of the plurality of outlets to adjust a temperature of the second storage compartment, and a third heat exchanger connected to the second heat exchanger and a third outlet of the plurality of outlets to receive refrigerant from at least one of the second heat exchanger and the third outlet to adjust a temperature of the third storage compartment.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a chilled water cooling system. The chilled water cooling system includes a natural cooling circuit and a mechanical cooling circuit. The natural cooling circuit includes a natural cooler, a chilled water main pump, at least one first pipeline, and a terminal heat exchanger connected in series. The terminal heat exchanger is disposed at a location in need of cooling. The mechanical cooling circuit includes a chilled water main machine, a chilled water auxiliary pump, and at least one second pipeline connected in series. The mechanical cooling circuit is connected in parallel with the natural cooling circuit through a controllable connecting device.

Abstract: A cryogenic freezer having a housing defining an interior chamber. A first and second fan are positioned in the chamber and are spaced apart from each other. At least one motor is drivingly connected to the fans so that, upon activation of the motor, the fans circulate air through the interior chamber in the same direction.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerator having a gasket that seals between a front plate of a door and a dispenser unit. The refrigerator is characterized by comprising: a body; a storage chamber which is provided inside the body and which has an open front surface; a door which is rotatably coupled to the body so as to open/close the open front surface of the storage chamber, and which has a front plate provided with an opening, a thermal thermal insulating material filling the interior of the door; a dispenser unit which is coupled to the rear surface of the front plate so as to seal the opening, and which dispenses water and ice out of the body; and a gasket coupled to an edge portion of the dispenser unit to seal between the front plate and the dispenser unit.

Abstract: A refrigerator has a refrigeration compartment and a freezer compartment. A crisper assembly is configured to be stowed in the refrigeration compartment, and is moveable between retracted and extended positions. The crisper assembly includes a support structure and one or more bins that are configured to hold items for storage. The bin is moveable relative to the support structure between a first position in which items within the bin are not accessible, and a second position in which items within the bin are accessible. The crisper assembly moves in a first direction relative to the refrigeration compartment, and the bin moves relative to the support structure in a second direction that is transverse to the first direction.

Abstract: A low-cost and space-saving cooling apparatus for a superconductor that prevents a function of the superconductor being compromised when a refrigerator is faulty. A cooling apparatus for a superconductor forms a circulation path in which a coolant, having been used for cooing the superconductor, is pumped by a circulation pump to a heat exchanger unit so that the coolant is cooled by a refrigerator, and the coolant is supplied to the superconductor.

Abstract: In a thermally insulated double pipe, a structure is provided in which an inner pipe may be prevented from being appreciably offset relative to an outer pipe due to thermal contraction. The structure includes an inner pipe 101, within which a superconducting cable is mounted, an outer pipe 103 within which the inner pipe is housed, with the inner and outer pipes constituting a thermally insulated double pipe, and an inner pipe support member 104 supporting the inner pipe. The inner pipe support member 104 is secured to the inner and outer pipes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas depleted of carbon dioxide produced by distillation, which is separated such as to produce a gas depleted of hydrogen, the gas depleted of hydrogen being used as a regeneration gas of a system for purification by adsorption upstream from the distillation, the composition of the regeneration gas at the intake of the purification system not being in the range of flammability in air.

Abstract: A system and method serve generate oxygen by low-temperature air separation in a distillation column system having a high-pressure column and a low-pressure column, a main condenser which is constructed as a condenser-evaporator, and an auxiliary column. A gaseous oxygen-containing fraction is introduced into the auxiliary column. A nitrogen-containing liquid stream from the high-pressure column, the main condenser or the low-pressure column is applied as reflux to the top of the auxiliary column. An argon-rich stream from an intermediate site of the low-pressure column is introduced into an argon removal column that has an argon removal column top condenser. The low-pressure column is arranged beside the high-pressure column, the main condenser is arranged over the high-pressure column, the auxiliary column is arranged over the main condenser, the argon removal column is arranged over the auxiliary column and the argon removal column top condenser is arranged over the argon removal column.

Abstract: The present invention relates in one respect to a process for separating light gas components, preferably helium, from a stream containing predominantly carbon dioxide, and in another respect is directed to a process for purifying a feed stream containing predominantly carbon dioxide into a high grade carbon dioxide product stream using a warm distillation process as the primary carbon dioxide separation step.

Abstract: A dryer for drying granulated material for use in pharmaceutical products. The dryer includes a plurality of stationary drying chambers, each having its own feed conduit. A common material removal device receives discharged, dried granules from each of the drying chambers. A changeover valve has a plurality of outlets and provides a path from the supply source of the granulated material to a charge port on each of the drying chambers, so that each drying chamber is charged sequentially. Air ducts provide flows of warmed air. The main air duct provides a main airflow, a relatively large volume of air, to an air inlet in each of the drying chambers. The auxiliary air duct provides a lesser volume of air to the feed conduit of each drying chamber, to aid in moving the granulated material out of the feed conduit and into the drying chamber.

Abstract: Method for controlling the quality of a freeze-drying process includes the steps of defining a set of experiments by statistical design of experiments; performing freeze-drying processes of a product for each one of the experiments; obtaining a dataset of pressures and temperatures from the freeze dryer, the dataset comprising at least one combined parameter; removing noise intrinsic to the measurements; performing a PCA to obtain a fingerprint of the lyophilization process for each one of the experiments; and selecting a range of fingerprints in which a specific product batch will be within specifications. Also provided is a process for controlling the quality of a freeze-drying process which comprises: performing the freeze-drying process at the temperature and pressure set points of the optimal process; obtaining a fingerprint of the process; and using the range of fingerprints obtained above to assess whether the product batch is within specifications.

Abstract: A coal upgrade plant includes a dryer 1 that heats and dries coal before pyrolyzing the coal, and a scrubber 32 that treats a carrier gas discharged from the dryer 1 while catching a desorbed component desorbed from the coal when the coal is dried by the dryer 1. The coal upgrade plant further includes a carrier gas circulation path 22 that guides the carrier gas treated by the scrubber 32 to the dryer 1. A cyclone 28 is also provided on the upstream side of the scrubber 32. Thus, mercury and/or mercury-based substances generated in the dryer 1 can be removed.

Abstract: Wafers on a first wafer carrier in a tank are lifted from the first wafer carrier and a bath in the tank so as to accomplish Marangoni drying of the wafers. The lifted dry wafers are positioned on a second wafer carrier in a chamber and shifted to an offset position. A barrier, which can be a wall of the chamber with or without a sweeping flow of gas, impedes the passage of deposits to the wafers arising during drying of the first wafer carrier. Static electricity can be discharged from wafer supports in the offset position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for performing chemical processes, where raw materials are heated, wherein a melt pool is produced in a tank or reactor using low-melting metals or metal alloys, wherein the raw materials are metered directly into the melt pool in the lower part of the tank or reactor.