Abstract: A device may comprise a substrate formed of a first semiconductor material and a trench formed in the substrate. A second semiconductor material may be formed in the trench. The second semiconductor material may have first and second portions that are isolated with respect to one another and that are isolated with respect to the first semiconductor material.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method including forming a trench in a handle substrate, and a trench lining is formed in the trench. A first cavity and a second cavity are formed in the handle substrate, wherein the first cavity is connected to the trench. A first MEMS structure and the handle substrate are sealed for maintaining a first pressure within the trench and the first cavity. A second MEMS structure and the handle substrate are sealed for maintaining the first pressure within the second cavity. A portion of the trench lining is exposed, and the first pressure is changed to a second pressure within the first cavity. The first cavity and the trench are sealed to maintain the second pressure within the trench and the first cavity.

Abstract: In a semiconductor pressure sensor, a fixed electrode is formed as the same layer as a diffusion layer formed to extend from a surface of a semiconductor substrate to inside of the semiconductor substrate. A void is formed by removing a sacrifice film, which is a region constituted of the same film as a floating gate electrode. A movable electrode includes an anchor portion which supports the movable electrode via the void relative to the fixed electrode and in which the sacrifice film is at least partially opened. The anchor portion has a first anchor provided to divide the movable electrode into a plurality of movable electrode units when viewed in a plan view such that one pair of adjacent movable electrode units of the plurality of movable electrode units divided share the same first anchor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a through electrode to be mounted on a substrate having a through hole. The through electrode includes: a penetrating part that passes through the through hole; a convex bump part that is formed on at least one end of the penetrating part and is wider than the through electrode; and a metal film that has at least one layer and is formed on a surface of the convex bump part that comes in contact with the substrate. The through electrode part and the convex bump part are formed of a sintered body prepared by sintering one or more kind of metal powder selected from gold, silver, palladium, and platinum having a purity of 99.9 wt % or more and an average particle size of 0.005 ?m to 1.0 ?m, and the metal film contains gold, silver, palladium, or platinum having a purity of 99.9 wt % or more.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid fuel, a system and a method for generating hydrogen. The solid fuel comprises sodium borohydride, catalyst loaded fibres and a binder, wherein the catalyst loaded fibres and the binder form a scaffold structure within which the sodium borohydride is positioned. The system comprises a fuel cartridge containing the solid fuel of the present invention for generating hydrogen gas, a reactor configured to house the fuel cartridge, a tank for storing water, a pump and a liquid conduit for conveying water from the tank to the fuel cartridge housed within the reactor to induce a hydrolysis reaction of the solid fuel contained in the fuel cartridge and a controller for regulating flow of the water.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of hydrogen, comprising catalytically decomposing a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium formate in a reaction vessel to form bicarbonate slurry and hydrogen, discharging the hydrogen from said reaction vessel, and treating a mixture comprising the bicarbonate slurry and the catalyst with an oxidizer, thereby regenerating the catalyst. Pd/C catalysts useful in the process are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are a quick-start system for preparing hydrogen via aqueous methanol, and hydrogen preparation method.

Abstract: A multi-tubular chemical reactor (400) includes an igniter (435) for the initiation of gas phase exothermic reaction within the gas phase reaction zones (409) of the tubular reactor units (408). A method of carrying out a gas phase exothermic reaction within the multi-tubular chemical reactor comprising: introducing gaseous reactants into a tubular reactor unit (408); initiating with radiant heat an exothermic reaction of the gaseous reactants within the reactor unit; and transferring heat produced by the exothermic reaction occurring within the gas phase reaction zone of the reactor unit to the gas phase reaction zone of one or more adjacent reactor units (408), thereby initiating an exothermic reaction within at least one adjacent reactor unit (408) until in such manner an exothermic reaction has been initiated in each of the plurality of spaced-apart reactor units (408).

Abstract: A method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is disclosed that carries out an air heated pre-reforming process, a primary reforming process, a secondary reforming process.

Abstract: Provided is a facilitated CO2 transport membrane having an improved CO2 permeance and an improved CO2/H2 selectivity. The facilitated CO2 transport membrane includes a separation-functional membrane that includes a hydrophilic polymer gel membrane containing a CO2 carrier and a CO2 hydration catalyst. Further preferably, the CO2 hydration catalyst at least has catalytic activity at a temperature of 100° C. or higher, has a melting point of 200° C. or higher, or is soluble in water.

Abstract: Catalysts, catalytic systems and related synthetic methods for in situ production of H2O2 and use thereof in reaction with oxidizable substrates.

Abstract: Described herein are processes and apparatus for the large-scale synthesis of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) by induction-coupled plasma (ICP). A boron-containing feedstock may be heated by ICP in the presence of nitrogen gas at an elevated pressure, to form vaporized boron. The vaporized boron may be cooled to form boron droplets, such as nanodroplets. Cooling may take place using a condenser, for example. BNNTs may then form downstream and can be harvested.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and a method for producing aluminum nitride powder, and aluminum nitride powder prepared thereby. The apparatus for producing aluminum nitride powder includes: a vertical reactor including an aluminum source supplier for supplying aluminum source and a nitrogen source supplier for supplying nitrogen source, the vertical reactor causing chemical vapor reaction between the aluminum source and the nitrogen source supplied therein; a trap device including a membrane for passing resulting products from the reaction; and a bubbling device for capturing the products having passed through the trap device.

Abstract: A method of making an ordered crystalline product includes hot pressing amorphous carbon at an elevated temperature and pressure to form an ordered crystalline product.

Abstract: A method for obtaining graphene oxide is provided comprising the steps of a) adding an acid and a salt to graphite for obtaining a graphite oxide, and b) exfoliating the graphite oxide by mixing it, wherein the steps a) and b) are carried out simultaneously in a high shear mixer.

Abstract: A carbon conductive structure includes: first graphenes of a graphene plug which are stacked in a plurality of layers along a vertical direction; and second graphenes of a graphene wiring line which are stacked in a plurality of layers along the vertical direction, wherein edge portions of the first graphenes and edge portions of the second graphenes are electrically connected to each other.

Abstract: The invention is related to a method for producing flake graphene by direct exfoliation of graphite, characterised in that it comprises the following steps: a) an aqueous suspension of graphite with addition of one or more surface active agents is prepared; b) the suspension is frozen; c) the suspension is dried, thereby obtaining flake graphene.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present invention provides a relatively low cost and substantially chemical free method of making high surface area mesoporous carbon (as well as novel mesoporous carbon hollow tube (MCHT) structures made thereby) utilizing the cellulose framework found in natural wood and/or other plant fibers to make porous carbon structures. In some embodiments, the present invention will provide porous carbon structures having higher surface area than porous carbon structures made using prior art template methods, higher adsorption capacity than commercial activated carbon, and, in some embodiments, excellent electrochemical capacitance and storage capabilities. These new carbon materials may be adapted for a wide variety of uses including such things as removal of both inorganic and organic toxic pollutants from water, energy storage/conversion, supercapacitor electrodes for electrochemical energy storage, adsorption, and catalysis.

Abstract: Method for preparing molecular sieves and molecular sieves obtained thereby are described. The method includes preparing a reaction mixture, comprising a structure directing agent, at least one source of at least one oxide of a tetravalent element, optionally, one or more sources of one or more oxides selected from the group consisting of oxides of trivalent elements, pentavalent elements, and mixtures thereof, optionally, at least one source of an element selected from Groups 1 and 2 of the Periodic Table; and optionally, hydroxide ions or fluoride ions, and maintaining the reaction mixture under conditions sufficient to form crystals of the molecular sieve. In the method, various imidazolium cations are used as the structure directing element.

Abstract: A method for producing a potassium titanate easily and inexpensively produces a potassium titanate that exhibits high thermal stability and has a significantly low fibrous potassium titanate content. The method for producing a potassium titanate includes calcining a raw material mixture by heating the raw material mixture to a maximum calcination temperature that exceeds 1000° C. while controlling the heating rate from 1000° C. to the maximum calcination temperature to 15° C./min or less to obtain a calcine, and cooling the calcine while controlling the cooling rate from the maximum calcination temperature to 500° C. to 100° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a powder of a solid solution of dioxide of uranium and of at least one other actinide and/or lanthanide element comprising a step for combustion of a solution comprising uranyl nitrate and at least one nitrate of the other actinide and/or lanthanide element and nitrogen-containing fuel used according to a specific predetermined amount so as to form at the end of this step, said solid solution.

Abstract: The invention concerns a system for and a method of determining a least one quality parameter in an aqueous fluid. The method including subjecting at least a sample of the aqueous fluid to a cross-flow filtration in a cross-flow filter, separating the aqueous fluid into a permeate fraction and a retentate fraction, performing NMR reading on the retentate fraction using an NMR spectroscope, collecting NMR data from said NMR reading and correlating the collected NMR data to calibration data to determine said at least one quality parameter of the aqueous fluid.

Abstract: System and method of treating waste water includes: receiving waste water at a first pressure and a first temperature, the waste water comprising dissolved solids and VOCs; pressurizing the waste water to a second pressure; preheating the pressurized waste water to a second temperature to produce distilled water and pressurized/preheated water; heating the pressurized/preheated to a third temperature to produce pressurized/heated water; removing dissolved solids from the pressurized/heated water, by an evaporator operated at a third pressure less than the second pressure, to produce steam and brine water; and crystallizing the brine water, by a crystallizer operated at a fourth pressure greater than the second pressure, to produce a solid mass waste product and steam. Steam produced by the crystallizer, at the fourth pressure and a fourth temperature, is a heat source for the preheater and/or heater, and steam produced by the evaporator is a heat source for the crystallizer.

Abstract: A combined device for sewage deep treatment integrally consists of an open box body (1) divided into multiple water treatment units (29) by a partition wall (27). Each water treatment unit (29) is divided into multiple grids by a partition wall (27?). The lower part of the box body (1) is provided with a conical structure (30) having a discharging door (22) thereunder. The partition wall (27) of the box body (1) has a water blocking belt (33) in the middle thereof, and the box body (1) has rails (31) mounted on two sides of the top thereof, rails (31) having an electric operating platform (2) mounted thereon. The box body (1) is filled with water processing granular carbon (32). Also disclosed is a sewage treatment method employing the combined sewage deep-treatment device.

Abstract: A halogen oxyacid adsorbent of the present embodiment contains: a support material having a surface made of at least alumina; tetravalent cerium supported on the surface; and negative ions supported on the surface.

Abstract: An UV reactor system that allows single or multiple flange-less reactors to be installed between the flanges of existing piping systems. Benefits include reduced installation space and lamp placement flexibility to improve UV treatment. Each reactor can be rotated, pre and post installation, to provide multiple positions for the radiation sources that are included in each reactor.

Abstract: The present invention includes an anion exchange method that uses sulfate-containing acid mine drainage (AMD), or any sulfate containing water resource, to remove strontium, barium, and/or radium from contaminated water sources, such as but not limited to hydraulic fracturing waste water, flowback, and/or produced water, without requiring any external regenerant. The removal process may be adopted with any waste water or impaired water source containing sulfate anions.

Abstract: A device (1) for purification of water driven by gravity through a purification unit between an upper dirt water container (2) and a lower clean water tank (3). A backwash system may be integrated, the system comprising a receptacle (8) for accumulation of the backwash water to prevent consumption thereof by mistake.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a brine mining process. The process incorporates a forward osmosis step wherein at least a portion of at least one process stream is provided to at least one forward osmosis unit. The process thus allows for the use of multiple sources, and qualities, of water, which, in turn, can reduce the reliance on natural water sources. Longevity of the mining, and any downstream, process equipment may be enhanced. At least a portion of the production stream may also be fed to a downstream process, such as a chlor-alkali process.

Abstract: A method for producing oxidized water for sterilization use which contains chlorine dioxide, said method comprising: electrolyzing tap water containing chlorine ions using a three-chamber-type electrolysis vessel, in which an intermediate chamber is located between an anode chamber and a cathode chamber; trapping the chlorine ions dissolved in the tap water; and electrolytically oxidizing the trapped chlorine ions on an anode electrode. A partitioning membrane that isolates the anode chamber from the intermediate chamber is composed of a fluorine-containing cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane, wherein a porous anode electrode is adhered onto the fluorine-containing cation exchange membrane in the partitioning membrane.

Abstract: A binder composition for an electrode of a capacitive deionization apparatus includes a hydrophilic polymer, a cross-linking agent, an ion exchange group, and a latex in a form of an emulsion polymer having an ionic functional group on the surface.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure are directed toward systems and methods for performing deionization of a fluid. A capacitive deionization (CapDI) module including a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet can be placed in a fluid flow system. The CapDI module can include a plurality of CapDI cells arranged in series with one another. A power MOSFET polarity circuit can receive power from a switching regular and provide bidirectional electrical power to the CapDI module for performing deionization and module regeneration processes. A controller can control the providing the electrical power from the switching regulator to the power MOSFET polarity circuit based on a signal received from a conductivity sensor positioned in the fluid flow path.

Abstract: An alkaline-generating acid-mine-drainage wastewater treatment system is presented. The alkaline generator comprises a rotating reaction chamber that comprises an aggregate hydroxyl ion source, preferably calcium carbonate. The reaction chamber further may comprise grindstones to polish and break the aggregate hydroxyl ion source to prevent pacification of the aggregate hydroxyl ion source. The rotating reaction chamber allows the grindstones to mechanically agitate the aggregate hydroxyl ion source. Further, this allows the alkaline-generator to perform better that the prior art with a much smaller footprint and little-to-no wasted aggregate hydroxyl ion source.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for creating plasma particles and applying the plasma particles to a liquid. Liquid feedstock (e.g., water and/or hydrocarbons mixed with biomass) is pumped through a pipeline; the single-phase stream is then transformed into a biphasic liquid-and-gas stream inside a chamber. The transformation is achieved by transitioning the stream from a high pressure zone to a lower-pressure zone. The pressure drop may occur when the stream further passes through a device for atomizing liquid. Inside the chamber, an electric field is generated with an intensity level that exceeds the threshold of breakdown voltage of the biphasic medium leading to a generation of a plasma state. Furthermore, the invention provides an energy-efficient highly adaptable and versatile method and apparatus for sanitizing water using plasma particles to inactivate biological agents contaminating water.

Abstract: A central controller is used in a treatment method and system for removing at least one of nitrogen or phosphorus from wastewater. Based on data received from a plurality of sensors, each of which is coupled to a component of a wastewater treatment system, a control signal is sent from the central controller to at least one chemical delivery system, which dispenses at least one chemical compound into the wastewater in an amount effective to reduce the level of nitrogen or phosphorus in the wastewater.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for zero-discharge treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater by mixing sludge with high-concentration organic wastewater. The sludge is biodried sludge prepared by a method including preparing a sludge mixture consisting of belt-pressed sludge and dried sludge; and collecting the sludge mixture when its temperature finally becomes stable by returning to room temperature. The high-concentration organic wastewater used contained small particles of pulverized food waste having a diameter of 1 mm or less. The treatment was performed by decomposing the organic materials using microorganisms contained in the sludge via metabolism, followed by water evaporation caused by the metabolic heat generated by the decomposition of the organic materials, in which the microbial metabolism was performed under an aerobic condition.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for selecting, retaining or bioaugmenting solids in an activated sludge process for improving wastewater treatment using a screen device. If desired, the screen device may include a drum, and the rotating speed of the drum may be used to control the solids retained. Effluent including waste biomass may exit the screen device. No other discharge unit from the screen device may be required.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aeration lateral system designated to be site specific for new septic disposal areas or retro fitting to existing septic disposal areas to break up the biological clogging slug mat at the interface of the wastewater and imported sand or native soil fill under or adjacent to disposal areas of a typical septic system. The lateral system provides uniform or other site specific distribution of fluids about the bio-mat of a wastewater disposal area, with lateral spacing and hole spacing varying based on the type of disposal area being utilized. The lateral system can also be utilized to provide continuous low volume air supply system to a wastewater disposal area or peat filter module. The air lateral installation includes methods to minimize airflow disturbance of the soil and methods to prevent air leakage.

Abstract: There is provided a method which eliminates a decrease in activity of an activated sludge treatment microorganism group, which greatly increases treatment ability of the microorganism group, to enhance treatment efficiency and to reduce the amount of excess sludge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for treating wastewater by means of photosynthetically active algae that form a sediment in the resting state, comprising the following steps: a) supplying wastewater to photosynthetically active algae that form a sediment in the resting state, b) conveying the wastewater supplied to the algae against gravity from a lower level to a higher level while simultaneously exposing the wastewater mixed with the algae to light, c) introducing the wastewater supplied to the algae from the higher level into the upper region of a sedimentation tank, d) allowing the algae to sediment in the sedimentation tank, and e) removing the wastewater freed of the algae by sedimentation as treated wastewater.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a process for treating a tailings stream comprising water, solids, and optionally polyacrylamide. The process involves (a) contacting the tailings stream with a silicate source for a pre-determined period of time to form a mixture; b) after the pre-determined period of time, contacting the mixture with an activator to initiate gel formation, wherein the gel entraps the solids within the gel; and c) allowing the gel to strengthen and solidify; wherein the gel formation is delayed compared with a non-delayed process.

Abstract: A system and method for cracking watery sludge, comprising first and second decant vessels for receiving and batch processing, which decant vessels include an outlet for decanting selectively separated watery residue to a drain and cracked decanted solids to a transport, with graduated heat matrix processing of the sludge at sensor-monitored temperature and dwell time for cracking the sludge, and a programmable controller responsive to temperature and level sensors for adjusting the heat media communicated through the heat matrix and for determining completion of a watery sludge cracking process.

Abstract: A bottom machine is provided for a glass processing device to manufacture glass containers from glass tubes. The bottom machine includes one or a plurality of holding units for holding the glass container or glass tube, with the holding units being mounted so as to rotate around an axis of rotation of the bottom machine in order to convey the glass container or glass tube to various processing positions, a pressure source for supplying a gas flow, a duct system communicating with the pressure source for directing the gas flow to the holding units and for feeding the gas flow into the glass tube or into the glass container, with the duct system being designed to be free of gaps.

Abstract: A method includes forming a continuous ribbon of glass. The continuous ribbon includes a first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface, a first edge region, a second edge region opposite the first edge region, and a central region extending between the first edge region and the second edge region. Each of the first edge region and the second edge region has a greater thickness than the central region of the continuous ribbon. An indented pattern is formed longitudinally along the first edge region of the continuous ribbon by forming a first series of indentations in the first surface of the continuous ribbon and forming a second series of indentations in the second surface of the continuous ribbon. The indented pattern includes intermediate segments interconnected with one another by web by webs. Each intermediate segment is thicker than adjacent webs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass substrate forming apparatus and, more particularly, to a glass substrate forming apparatus that can form a three-dimensionally-shaped glass substrate having various curved surfaces and curvatures without restrictions in terms of the number of curved surfaces and the sizes of the curvatures of the curved surfaces—that is, a three-dimensional glass substrate having at least one side of four sides formed in a curvature and having one of various designs.

Abstract: A mold for shaping glass-based material can include a mold body having a surface, wherein at least a portion of the mold body near the surface comprises at least about 90% by weight nickel and from about 0.2% to about 0.35% by weight manganese; and a nickel oxide layer on the surface of the mold body. The nickel oxide layer has first and second opposing surfaces wherein the first surface of the nickel oxide layer contacts and faces the surface of the mold body and the second surface of the nickel oxide layer includes a plurality of grains. The plurality of grains has an average grain size of about 150 ?m or less.

Abstract: A glass sheet cut by laser fusing includes a width region on a front surface side and a width region on a back surface side. The width region on the front surface side has a width of 400 ?m from a boundary between an end surface formed by cutting and the front surface. The width region on the back surface side has a width of 400 ?m from a boundary between the end surface formed by cutting and the back surface. In each of the width region on the front surface side and the width region on the back surface side, a ratio of an area of adhesion of dross having a particle diameter of 2 ?m or more with respect to an area of the each of the width region on the front surface side and the width region on the back surface side is 0.01 or less.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a glass sheet laminate to be formed by integrally laminating two glass sheets (2, 3), the method including: laminating the two glass sheets (2, 3) by bringing their surfaces in a vicinity of an outer peripheral portion into surface contact with each other; performing laser fusing so as to cut and remove a part of a surface contact portion (9) under a state in which the surface contact portion (9) has a surface roughness (Ra) of 2.0 nm or less; and processing a fusing end surface of the surface contact portion (9) into a curved surface and sealing the fusing end surface with heat generated when the laser fusing is performed.

Abstract: Float glass compositions adapted for chemical strengthening, and methods of making the same. Certain example embodiments of this invention relate to such a glass composition having improved ion-exchanged, surface durability, and/or mechanical properties for use in applications where higher strength and improved durability of the glass are desired.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass sheet having a high transmission in the infrared, especially usable in a touch screen, touch panel or touch pad. More precisely, the invention relates to a glass sheet having a composition that comprises, in an amount expressed in percentages by total weight of glass: SiO2 55-85%, Al2O3 0-30%, B2O3 0-20%, Na2O 0-25%, CaO 0-20%, MgO 0-15%, K2O 0-20%, BaO 0-20%, Total iron (expressed in Fe2O3 form) 0.002-0.06%; and cerum in an amount (expressed in CeO2 form) ranging from 0.001 to 1%. The invention also relates to the use of such a glass sheet in a device using infrared radiation propagating essentially inside said sheet. By virtue of its high transmission of infrared radiation, the glass sheet according to the invention may advantageously be used, for example, in a screen or panel or tablet, the glass sheet defining a touch surface.