Abstract: In a submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR or SMU), diffusers are used to eject air bubbles, primarily to facilitate the movement of mixed liquor past the membrane surfaces, cleaning and scouring the surfaces of the membranes with the mechanical energy of the combined air/liquid/solids movement. Oxygen transfer from the bubbles into the mixed liquor is often a secondary goal, for supplying oxygen to biological processes. The invention involves the use of a specific bubble diffuser, oriented at a selected upward angle, to enable a single style diffuser to accomplish simultaneous generation of mid-size and fine bubble aeration, with adjustment of the tilt angle varying the percentages of mid-size and fine bubble aeration. The angle selection, along with the number of diffusers and air volume selected, allows achievement of target liquid movement through the MBR.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laminar biocarrier made by weaving or interlacing yarns of lignocellulosic material, which supports and immobilizes a consortium of wood-decay fungi, in particular strains of Pleurotusostreatus and Phanerochaetechrysosporium, for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by colourants, heavy metals, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand. The invention also relates to a method for producing the inoculated laminar biocarrier and to the use thereof as a filter for reactors of different configurations for the treatment of waste effluents.

Abstract: A drainless reverse osmosis (RO) water purification system provides relatively pure water for on-demand dispensing, while recycling brine to a domestic hot water system. The drainless purification system includes a pre-filter catalyst cartridge for removing chlorine-based contaminants from a tap water supply upstream from an RO membrane. The catalyst is regularly refreshed by a high through-flow of water to a conventional cold water dispense faucet, thereby significantly prolonging the service life of the RO membrane. The RO membrane is incorporated into a multi-cartridge unit adapted for facilitated slide-out removal and replacement as needed. A control valve recycles brine from the RO membrane to the hot water system during pure water production, and recirculates tap water through the RO membrane when a pure water reservoir is substantially filled. The multi-cartridge unit may further include an air filtration system for providing a flow of filtered air.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for molding a glass substrate, and more specifically, to an apparatus for molding a glass substrate capable of forming a glass substrate in a 3D shape and preventing the shape of a vacuum hole from transferring onto the surface of the substrate. To this end, the present invention provides the apparatus for molding a glass substrate comprising: a molding frame; a molding groove formed on one surface of the molding frame; at least one vacuum hole formed on the molding frame at the lower portion of the molding groove and is connected to an external vacuum device; and a pressure-reducing groove, which is formed between the molding groove and the vacuum hole and allows communication between the molding groove and the vacuum hole, for reducing vacuum pressure applied to the glass substrate positioned on the molding groove through the vacuum hole.

Abstract: A method of forming an opaque quartz glass component is provided. The method includes (a) providing a starting preform made of quartz glass; (b) heating at least a portion of the starting preform to a predetermined temperature at which the quartz glass of the starting preform has a viscosity in a range of 10E2 to 10E12 poise; and (c) deforming at least a portion of the heated preform at the predetermined temperature to change a shape and/or dimension(s) of the heated perform in order to form the opaque quartz glass component. The starting preform and the heated preform have respective densities of at least 2.15 g/cm3 and at least 2.10 g/cm3. The starting perform and the opaque quartz glass component have respective direct spectral transmissions of approximately 0.1-1% and 0.2-3% in the wavelength range of ?=190 nm to ?=4990 nm at a wall thickness of 3 mm and a diffuse reflectance of at least 60% in a wavelength range of ?=190 nm to ?=2500 nm.

Abstract: A brittle plate processing method includes having a first portion of a brittle plate supported flat on a flat part of a support member that supports a first surface of the brittle plate, pressing a cutter against a second surface of the brittle plate opposite to the first surface, and forming a scribe line in the second surface of the brittle plate by moving the cutter and the support member relative to each other. In pressing the cutter, the cutter is pressed to a predetermined position on a second portion of the brittle plate other than the first portion. When the cutter is pressed to the predetermined position on the second portion of the brittle plate, the shape of the brittle plate due to bending deformation is defined by a defining part of the support member.

Abstract: A method for processing a brittle plate includes a breaking step in which a pressing member for pressing a surface of the brittle plate and a support member for supporting a back face of the brittle plate are used to bend and deform the brittle plate and break the brittle plate along a score line formed on the surface of the brittle plate. The support member includes a flat portion that is arranged flat against one portion of the brittle plate to support the brittle plate, and a regulating portion that regulates a bending deformation shape of the brittle plate when the pressing member is pressed against a predetermined position of a remaining portion of the brittle plate. The breaking step includes breaking the brittle plate along the score line that is within the remaining portion of the brittle plate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a contour in a planar substrate and for separating the contour from the substrate, in particular for producing an internal contour in a planar substrate and for removing the internal contour from the substrate, wherein, in a contour definition step by means of a laser beam guided over the substrate along a contour line characterising the contour to be produced, a large number of individual zones of internal damage is produced in the substrate material, in a crack definition step by means of a laser beam guided over the substrate along a plurality of crack line portions, which, viewed from the contour line, leads away at an angle a >0° , and into the contour to be separated, respectively a large number of individual zones, . . .

Abstract: Provided is a cutting method for a glass sheet, comprising radiating a laser beam to a cutting portion (C) of a glass sheet (G) having a thickness of 500 ?m or less to fuse the glass sheet (G), wherein a narrowest gap between fused end surfaces (Ga1 and Gb1) of the glass sheet (G), which face each other in the cutting portion (C), is managed to satisfy a relationship of 0.1?b/a?2, where “a” is a thickness of the glass sheet (G) and “b” is the narrowest gap.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a toughened glass cutting method and a toughened glass cutting apparatus and, more specifically, to a toughened glass cutting method and a toughened glass cutting apparatus for subdividing toughened disk glass into unit glass. To this end, the present invention provides a toughened glass cutting method, characterized by comprising: a crack formation step for forming at least one crack on a cutting line of toughened glass to be cut; and a cutting step for cutting the toughened glass along the cutting line by heating the cutting line of the toughened glass.

Abstract: A sintering apparatus for sintering a porous glass base material, including a furnace core tube surrounded by heaters, the furnace core tube housing the porous glass base material; a lid member having an insertion hole through which a holding rod coupled with the porous glass base material is inserted, the lid member mounted at one end of the furnace core tube; a sealing chamber having a supply port that introduces seal gas and a discharging port that discharges the seal gas, the sealing chamber provided at the lid member covering the insertion hole; and a cylindrical member that causes a pressure difference between gas inside of the tube of an inside the furnace core tube and gas inside of the sealing chamber to be generated while the holding rod is inserted through the cylindrical member inside of the sealing chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a glass sheet comprising at least one etched surface having a surface roughness defined, when measured on an evaluation length of 12 mm and with a Gaussian filter of which the cut-off wavelength is 0.8 mm, by: 0.02?Ra?0.4 microns, 5?RSm?30 microns, said glass sheet having the following optical properties, when measured from said etched surface: a haze value of from 1 to 40%; a clarity value of from 50 to 100%; a gloss value at 60° of from 20 to 110 SGU. Such a glass sheet which is particularly suitable for display applications as cover glass. In particular, the glass sheet of the invention has excellent anti-sparkling properties together with an anti-glare effect. Moreover, the glass sheet of the invention also combines anti-glare and anti-sparkling properties with a “soft touch”.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes carbon-carbon composite articles having oxidation protection coatings for limiting thermal and catalytic oxidation reactions and methods for applying oxidation protection coatings to carbon-carbon composite articles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dysprosium-doped tellurite or germanate glass characterised by a fluorescence peak in the mid-IR spectrum.

Abstract: A non-stoichiometric glass composition having greater than or equal to about 50 mol. % to less than or equal to about 95 mol. % GeX2; greater than or equal to about 0.5 mol. % to less than or equal to about 35 mol. % Ga2X3, In2X3, or a combination thereof; and greater than or equal to about 0.5 mol. % to less than or equal to about 40 mol. % RX. R can be an alkaline earth metal. X can be present in a non-stoichiometric amount and can be selected from Se, Te, S, and combinations thereof. A method for making a non-stoichiometric glass including forming a GaGeX precursor material, grinding the precursor material, loading the ground pre-cursor material with an alkaline earth metal component, and forming an alkaline earth metal GaGeX glass.

Abstract: Inkjet compositions that can be applied to glass and/or ceramic substrates to impart contrast gloss (luster). The inkjet compositions include solvents, additives for dispersion, and inorganic substances, but preferably do not include any color-producing ceramic pigments. The inorganic substances contained in the inkjet compositions are responsible for the effects on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Embodiments of a transparent glass-based material comprising a glass phase and a second phase that is different from and is dispersed in the glass phase are provided. The second phase may comprise a crystalline or a nanocrystalline phase, a fiber, and/or glass particles. In some embodiments, the second phase is crystalline. In one or more embodiments, the glass-based material has a transmittance of at least about 88% over a visible spectrum ranging from about 400 nm to about 700 nm and a fracture toughness of at least about 0.9 MPa·m1/2, and wherein a surface of the glass-based material, when scratched with a Knoop diamond at a load of at least 5 N to form a scratch having a width w, is free of chips having a size of greater than 3w.

Abstract: A glass plate includes a main flat surface, an edge surface orthogonal to the main flat surface, and a chamfered surface adjacent to the main flat surface and the edge surface. In a cross-sectional surface of the glass plate that is orthogonal to the edge surface and that is orthogonal to the main flat surface, the chamfered surface has a curvature radius greater than or equal to 50 ?m at an intersection point between the chamfered surface and a straight line inclined 45 degrees with respect to the main flat surface and a curvature radius ranging from 20 ?m to 500 ?m at an intersection point between the chamfered surface and a straight line inclined 15 degrees with respect to the main flat surface.

Abstract: A laminate structure having a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and at least one polymer interlayer intermediate the first and second glass layers. The first glass layer is comprised of a thin, chemically strengthened glass having a surface compressive stress of between about 250 MPa and about 350 MPa and a depth of layer (DOL) of compressive stress greater than about 60 ?m. The second glass layer can also be comprised of a thin, chemically strengthened glass having a surface compressive stress of between about 250 MPa and about 350 MPa and a depth of layer (DOL) of compressive stress greater than about 60 ?m.

Abstract: Described herein are various antimicrobial glass articles that have improved strength and resistance to discoloration. The improved antimicrobial glass articles described herein generally include a glass substrate with a compressive stress layer and an antimicrobial silver-containing region that each extend inward from a surface of the glass substrate to a specific depth. In some embodiments, the compressive stress layer has a compressive stress at the surface of about 500 MPa or greater and the compressive stress decreases monotonically from the surface into the depth of the glass substrate. Methods of making and using the glass articles are also described and include forming a compressive stress layer and forming an antimicrobial silver-containing region by preferentially exchanging a plurality of silver cations in a silver-containing medium for a specific plurality of first cations ions in the glass substrate.

Abstract: Methods of making a strengthened ultra-thin glass substrate may include forming a film including a volume expanding composition on a glass substrate, and treating the film under conditions sufficient to cause volume expansion of the volume expanding composition, thereby generating internal compressive stress in the film such that compressive stress is imparted onto the substrate and a fracture strength of the substrate is improved. In some embodiments, the volume expanding compound is converted into a different compound with a larger volume When it is treated under sufficient conditions.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a raised feature on a glass ceramic element, in which a glass or glass ceramic element is irradiated with electromagnetic radiation in a local region of the surface, the radiation passes through the element and is at least partially absorbed thereby so that the element heats up in the region of the irradiated electromagnetic radiation and is heated beyond a glass transition temperature. The irradiation is terminated after heating so that the heated region cools down to the temperature of material surrounding the local region. The heating causes a change in volume of the element, which brings about a local elevation in the surface that remains after the local region cools so that a surface deformation in the form of an elevation remains after cooling.

Abstract: A fiberglass material contains glass fibers having graphite evenly distributed thereon. The graphite provides a coating that makes the fiberglass material substantially free of static electricity. Suitable graphite content of the fiberglass material is about 0.25 wt % to about 0.50 wt %, or about 0.25 wt % to about 1.0 wt %, or about 0.8 wt % of dry weight of the glass fibers. The graphite used may be synthetic material or natural material substantially free of silica. Other components of the fiberglass material may include de-dusting oil.

Abstract: A method for remediating alkali silica reactions prevents the reaction from starting by mixing a micro silica additive to an ozonated cement mix, with the micro silica constituting a micro sand that has no more than a 15-18 micron mean particle size and a top size of around 30-40 microns. In one embodiment the micro silica mixed at 8% results in a reduction in mortar expansion on average greater than 96% when used with ozonated Class C fly ash.

Abstract: The invention relates to a setting accelerator for a dry mortar blend, the setting accelerator being in the form of a powder comprising calcium nitrate and having a water content between 0.1% and 20%. The invention furthermore relates to a process for producing such a setting accelerator, wherein either prills and/or granules comprising calcium nitrate and a different nitrate salt are processed forming a powder comprising calcium nitrate and the different nitrate salt and having a water content of higher than 5% and lower than 20%, either an aqueous solution at least comprising dissolved calcium nitrate is spray dried at a temperature between 150° C. and 250° C., forming a powder comprising at least calcium nitrate and having a water content between 0.1% and 20%, the powder serving as the setting accelerator.

Abstract: A method for reducing the net amount of carbon dioxide generated in the manufacture of concrete by pre-carbonating calcium rich cementitious materials prior to the addition of ordinary Portland cement is disclosed. Additionally, a composition of concrete is disclosed, which is manufactured by using a mixture of pre-carbonated cementitious materials and ordinary Portland cement.

Abstract: Water-redispersible polymer powder compositions having cationic functionality are prepared by radically polymerizing one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a protective colloid and/or emulsifier in an aqueous medium, and drying the resulting aqueous polymer dispersion after addition of a catonic protective colloid as a drying aid, the cationic protective colloid comprising a homopolymer or copolymer of one or more cationic monomers having a quaternary ammonium halide group, with 50 wt % to 100 wt % of the halide ions in the quaternary ammonium halide groups having been replaced by nonhalide anions, and with the fraction of halide ions being less than 1 wt %, based on the total weight of the polymer powder composition.

Abstract: A method for providing a polymer-modified fiber-cement composite by forming an aqueous composition including admixing an aqueous dispersion comprising a water dispersible ionomer and an ethylene elastomer, an ethylene dicarboxyl copolymer, an ethylene ester copolymer or a grafted copolymer, cement, cellulosic fibers, siliceous material, and water; forming a composite precursor by removal of at least some of the water; and curing/drying the composite precursor at a temperature at least 10° C. higher than the Tg of the polymer is provided. Polymer-modified fiber-cement composites formed by the method and articles therefrom are also provided.

Abstract: A fluidizing composition in the form of a liquid or in the form of a powder including at least one superplasticizer chosen from polycarboxylate ethers, characterized in that it includes from 1 to 20 parts by weight of at least one aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonic acid or one of its salts chosen from alkali salts, alkaline-earth salts or one of their mixtures, for 100 parts by weight of the superplasticizer. A method for preparing such fluidizing composition, a dry mortar incorporating the fluidizing composition, as well as plasters prepared from the dry mortar are also described.

Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method includes providing a cementitious material, the cementitious material including an absorbing material. The method also includes absorbing a fluid into the absorbing material during hydration of the cementitious material. The method further includes retaining the fluid in the absorbing material after hydration of the cementitious material.

Abstract: The invention concerns a refractory ceramic batch as well as a refractory ceramic product.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an alumina sintered body, according to the present invention, includes the steps of (a) obtaining a compact by putting a slurry containing an Al2O3 powder, a MgO powder, a MgF2 powder, a solvent, a dispersing agent, and a gelatinizer into a mold, gelatinizing the slurry by a chemical reaction of the gelatinizer in the mold, and causing mold release, (b) obtaining a calcined body by drying the compact, performing degreasing, and further performing calcination, and (c) obtaining a ceramic sintered body by subjecting the calcined body to hot-press firing at 1,150° C. to 1,350° C. In the step (a), the Al2O3 powder having a purity of 99.9 percent by mass or more is used and 0.1 to 0.2 parts by mass of MgO powder and 0.13 parts by mass or less of MgF2 powder relative to 100 parts by mass of Al2O3 powder are used.

Abstract: A honeycomb structure includes a cordierite component, and has partition walls defining a plurality of cells which extend from one end face to the other end face and form through channels for a fluid, a thermal expansion coefficient in a central axis direction is 12 ppm/K or more and 3.5 ppm/K or less in a temperature change of 40° C. to 800° C., and a thermal expansion coefficient in a cross-sectional direction orthogonal to the central axis direction is 0.8 ppm/K or more and 2.5 ppm/K or less in the temperature range of 40° C. to 800° C.

Abstract: A convenient and versatile method for preparing complex metal oxides is disclosed. The method uses a low temperature, environmentally friendly gel-collection method to form a single phase nanomaterial. In one embodiment, the nanomaterial consists of BaAMnBTiCOD in a controlled stoichiometry.

Abstract: Methods for forming small volumetric shapes of polymer derived ceramic materials, including liquid-liquid forming methods, tower forming methods, and methods using high intensity electromagnetic radiation to cure the liquid to a cured preform material. Systems and apparatus for forming small volumetric shapes of polymer derived ceramic materials, cured materials and pyrolized materials, including liquid-liquid forming methods, tower forming methods, and methods using high intensity electromagnetic radiation to cure thin films of liquid polymer derived ceramic materials. Polysilocarb polymer derived ceramic precursor formulations.

Abstract: Two ceramic or sapphire pieces are welded together using a plasma torch that includes a cylindrical vessel having first and second ends, a tangential inlet connected to or proximate to the first end, a tangential outlet connected to or proximate to the second end, an electrode housing connected to the first end of the cylindrical vessel such that a first electrode is aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel, and extends into the cylindrical vessel. A hollow electrode nozzle is connected to the second end of the cylindrical vessel such that the center line of the hollow electrode nozzle is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel. A second electrode is positioned proximate to the hollow electrode nozzle. The two ceramic or sapphire pieces are placed between the second electrode and the hollow electrode, and are welded together with the plasma exiting from the hollow electrode.

Abstract: A method may include positioning a first ceramic or ceramic matrix composite (CMC)part and a second ceramic or CMC part adjacent to each other to define a joint between adjacent portions of the first ceramic or CMC part and the second ceramic or CMC part. The method also may include introducing a carbon-containing filler at the joint; introducing molten silicon-containing braze material at the joint; and allowing silicon metal from the molten silicon-containing braze material to react with the carbon-containing filler to form silicon carbide and join the first ceramic or CMC part and the second ceramic or CMC part at the joint. In some examples, no external heat source directly heats the joint during the reaction of the molten silicon-containing braze material with the carbon-containing filler.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are provided for a system in which liquid carbon dioxide, or a mixture of liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide, is converted to solid carbon dioxide by exiting an orifice at a sufficient pressure drop, e.g., for delivery of carbon dioxide to a concrete mixture in a mixer.

Abstract: An anticorrosion agent comprising (A) an organosilicon compound of formula (1) and (B) an amine compound of formula (2) and/or an amine compound of formula (3) is applied to steel-reinforced concrete to prevent corrosion of the steel reinforcement.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes carbon-carbon composite articles having multiphase glass oxidation protection coatings for limiting thermal and/or catalytic oxidation reactions and methods for applying multiphase glass oxidation protection coatings to carbon-carbon composite articles.

Abstract: Enhancement of crop yields through the application of sugars, for example, monosaccharides, and/or disaccharides and/or polysaccharides, to soil. Application of the sugars is at a rate of at least 25 pounds per acre, more preferably at least 50 pounds per acre, and more preferably at rates of between 100-250 pounds per acre or more regardless of a solid or liquid application. The application involves at least one application of the sugars at a time prior to, during and/or after planting. Depending on the form and/or type of the sugars applied, application can be accomplished via broadcast spreading for solids or via spraying for liquids. The sugar can be sucrose supplied in the form of granulated sucrose and broadcast spread prior to planting. The sugar can be applied in-furrow either separately, or in combination with a conventional fertilizer.

Abstract: Energetic compounds based on bismuth salts with reduced toxicity that are obtained through the reaction of soluble bismuth salts with soluble salts of organic or inorganic energetic compounds based on azides, derivatives aromatic nitro compounds or nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, together with the methods for their preparation and application.

Abstract: A process of converting a carbon-carbon multiple bond to a cyclopropane ring, comprising the addition of a N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound to a mixture of alkene precursor, aqueous base and Pd(II)-catalyst, with the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound obtained directly from an alkyl amine derivative, NaNO2 and an acid via phase separation of the N-alkyl-N-nitroso compound from the aqueous phase.

Abstract: In a process for producing biphenyl compounds, a Cn aromatic hydrocarbon may be hydroalkylated to give C2n cycloalkylaromatic compounds and byproduct Cn saturated cyclic hydrocarbons. The C2n cycloalkylaromatic compounds are dehydrogenated to provide the biphenyl compounds. The Cn saturated cyclic hydrocarbons may also be dehydrogenated back to the corresponding Cn aromatic hydrocarbon, which may be recycled to provide additional feed. Although both the intermediate C2n cycloalkylaromatic compounds and the byproduct Cn saturated cyclic hydrocarbons should be dehydrogenated, at least part of the dehydrogenation of the Cn saturated cyclic hydrocarbons should take place in the absence of C2n or greater hydrocarbons. Thus, dehydrogenation of the byproduct Cn saturated cyclic hydrocarbons should take place at least in part separately from dehydrogenation of the C2n cycloalkylaromatic compounds.

Abstract: A method of preparing a cyclopropane ring-bearing compound of the formula I in which R1 and R2 are independently selected from C1-C10 alkyl, optionally substituted, or R1 and R2, together with the bonds linking them to the cyclopropane ring, form a monocyclic or bicyclic ring system, which may comprise at least one hetero-atom, comprising the reaction of a compound of formula II R1—CH?CH—R2??II in which R1 and R2 have the significances hereinabove defined, with a compound of formula III X—CH2—Y??III in which X is a nucleofuge selected from halides and pseudohalides and Y is an electrofuge selected from boranes and borates, in the presence of a metal catalyst complex selected from those useful for catalytic cyclopropanation and those useful for catalyzing Heck coupling. The method provides a particularly easy and non-hazardous method of cyclopropanation.

Abstract: Techniques for synthesizing methanol are provided. In an exemplary embodiment, the processes include obtaining a syngas mixture from an integrated carbon dioxide hydrogenation process and a methane steam reforming process, and contacting the syngas mixture with a methanol catalyst to obtain a product stream comprising methanol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the preparation of 4-bromo-1-chloro-2-(4-ethoxybenzyl)benzene of Formula III, which can be used as an intermediate for the preparation of dapagliflozin, or solvates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel aldehyde compounds and their use as fragrance materials.

Abstract: The composition contains an alkali-soluble resin and a crosslinking agent that is represented by the following General Formula (I). In the formula, each of R1 and R6 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 5 or less carbon atoms; each of R2 and R5 independently represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, or an acyl group; and each of R3 and R4 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group having 2 or more carbon atoms, and R3 and R4 may be bonded to each other to form a ring.

Abstract: A novel method for synthesis of khusimone, by bringing zizanal into contact with an oxidizing reagent in the presence of a base and an organic solvent.