Abstract: To provide a negative photosensitive resin composition which is capable of imparting good ink repellency to a cured film, particularly to the upper surface of partition walls, and which has characteristics such that an ink repellent agent is less likely to remain in opening sections defined by the partition walls even without UV/O3 irradiation treatment, and the ink is permitted to uniformly wet-spread without unevenness. A negative photosensitive resin composition characterized by comprising (A) an alkali-soluble resin or alkali-soluble monomer, which has a photo-curability, (B) a photopolymerization initiator, (C) an ink repellent agent having fluorine atoms, and (D) a compound which is a partially hydrolyzed condensate of a hydrolysable silane compound mixture containing a hydrolysable silane compound having a mercapto group and a hydrolysable group and/or a hydrolysable silane compound having a group with an ethylenic double bond and a hydrolysable group, and which has no fluorine atom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photosensitive epoxy resin composition which contains: (A) a cresol novolak polyfunctional epoxy resin; (B) a liquid epoxy resin having a fluorene skeleton in its main chain; and (C) a photoacid generator; wherein the components (A) and (B) are present in a mixing weight ratio of (A)/(B)=40/60 to 60/40. Where the inventive photosensitive epoxy resin composition is used as an optical waveguide forming material, particularly as an optical waveguide core layer forming material for formation of a core layer, the optical waveguide core layer can be formed as having excellent reflow resistance and a lower loss through a coating process and a roll-to-roll process without altering the conventional production process.

Abstract: There is provided an actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing a resin (P) having a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (A) and having at least two of a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (B), a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (C), a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (D) and a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (E).

Abstract: A radiation-sensitive resin composition includes a polymer, an acid generating agent, and an organic solvent. The polymer includes a first structural unit derived from a compound represented by a formula (1), and a second structural unit derived from a compound represented by a formula (2). R1 represents an organic group having a valency of (a+2) that represents a ring structure having 3 to 8 carbon atoms together with the carbon atom constituting a lactone ring. R2 represents a fluorine atom, a hydroxyl group, an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or the like.

Abstract: A copolymer comprises the polymerized product of a dissolution-rate controlling monomer having the formula (I), an acyclic vinyl ether monomer of the formula (II), and a cyclic vinyl ether monomer of the formula (III): wherein Ra, Rb, Rc, L, X, and Z1 are defined herein. A photoresist composition comprising the copolymer is described, as is an article coated with the photoresist composition, and a method of forming an electronic device using the photoresist composition.

Abstract: Provided are photoresist overcoat compositions, substrates coated with the overcoat compositions and methods of forming electronic devices by a negative tone development process. The compositions, coated substrates and methods find particular applicability in the manufacture of semiconductor devices.

Abstract: A method of forming a pattern including applying a resist composition to a substrate to form a resist film, and then subjecting the resist film to exposure and development, thereby forming a first pattern containing a resist film; forming a SiO2 film on the surface of the first pattern and the substrate; subjecting the SiO2 to etching such that the SiO2 film remains only on a side wall portion of the first pattern; and removing the first pattern, thereby forming a second pattern containing the SiO2 film. The resist composition contains a base component that exhibits changed solubility in a developing solution under action of an acid, and an acid generator component that generates acid upon exposure, the base component containing a resin component containing a structural unit having an acid decomposable group which exhibits increased polarity by the action of acid and has no polycyclic group.

Abstract: A method for lithography patterning includes providing a substrate; forming a material layer over the substrate; exposing a portion of the material layer to a radiation; and removing an unexposed portion of the material layer in a developer, resulting in a patterned material layer. The developer has a Log P value greater than 1.82 and contains an organic solvent. In an embodiment, the organic solvent is an n-butyl acetate derivative that is represented by the formula CH3R5CHR4CHR3CHR2COOCH2R1, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are each selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, a methyl group, an ethyl group, and a fluoroalkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention discloses various system and process embodiments where wafer-metrology and direct measurements of the lithography apparatus characteristics are combined to achieve temporal drift reduction in a lithography apparatus/process using a simulation model. The simulation model may have sub-components. For example, a sub-model may represent a first set of optical conditions, and another sub-model may represent a second set of optical conditions. The first set of optical conditions may be a standard set of illumination conditions, and the second set may be a custom set of illumination conditions. Using the inter-relationship of the sub-models, stability control under custom illumination condition can be achieved faster without wafer metrology.

Abstract: A lithography apparatus is disclosed, having at least one mirror arrangement which includes a mirror substrate including a front side with a reflecting surface, a side wall, which extends along a circumference of the mirror substrate from a rear side of the mirror substrate, and mounting elements to mount the mirror arrangement on a structural element of the lithography apparatus. The rear side of the mirror substrate and an inner side of the side wall delimit a cavity. Each of the mounting elements is connected to the mirror arrangement at a connection surface. The relation S/D>0.5 is satisfied at least one of the connection surfaces, wherein D denotes a thickness of the side wall at the connection surface and S denotes the length of the shortest path through the mirror material from the centroid of the connection surface to the rear side of the mirror substrate.

Abstract: An imaging optical unit for a projection exposure apparatus serves for imaging an object field in an object plane into an image field in an image plane. The image field is arranged at a field distance from the object plane. The optical unit has a plurality of mirrors. The imaging optical unit has a wavefront aberration over the image field of a maximum of 0.3 nm and an image-side numerical aperture of at least 0.5. The image field in at least one dimension has an extent of at least 10 mm. The result is an imaging optical unit in particular suited as part of an optical system for a projection exposure apparatus for projection lithography.

Abstract: The technology disclosed relates to methods and systems that can be used to reduce visible artifacts know as mura. In particular, it relates to producing alignment marks by physically modifying appearance of a layer of exposure or radiation sensitive material on a workpiece, then using those alignment marks or transferred direct or inverted images of those marks to realign a writing coordinate system between exposure writing passes, following physical movement of the workpiece within the writing system. The physical modifications described include mechanically pressing a mark into the layer, using a laser to ash or ablate the layer, or applying an ink or other substance to the surface of the laser.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substrate processing apparatus for performing a process of reducing warpage of a substrate, comprising a substrate stage configured to hold the substrate, a pressing member including a portion formed to press a peripheral portion of the substrate against the substrate stage, an obtaining unit configured to obtain information indicating a shift between a center of a region where a pattern is formed on the substrate and a center of the substrate, and a controller configured to control relative positions of the substrate stage and the pressing member based on the information obtained by the obtaining unit, such that the portion of the pressing member presses the peripheral portion of the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member that can output an image having less image defects due to a ghost phenomenon not only under a normal-temperature, normal-humidity environment but also under a low-temperature, low-humidity environment as a particularly severe condition. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support, in which the photosensitive layer includes a gallium phthalocyanine crystal containing a specific amine compound in itself.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a singlelayer type photosensitive layer which is provided on the conductive substrate and contains a binder resin, a charge generating material, a hole transporting material, an electron transporting material represented by the formula (1), and a fluorenone compound represented by the formula (2): wherein R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, and R18 represents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group; and wherein R21, R22, R23, R24, R26, R27, and R28 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, and R25 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal and an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of outputting an image with few failures due to a ghost phenomenon not only in normal-temperature, normal-humidity environments but also even in low-temperature, low-humidity environments. The hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal has peaks at Bragg angles 2?±0.2° of 7.5°, 9.9°, 25.2°, and 28.3° as determined by X-ray diffraction with Cu K? radiation. The intensity of the peak at a Bragg angle 2?±0.2° of 9.9° is higher than the intensity of the peak at a Bragg angle 2?±0.2° of 7.5°.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member which can output images with reduced image defects due to ghosting not only under a normal temperature and normal humidity environment but also even under a low temperature and low humidity environment as especially severe conditions, and a manufacturing method thereof; and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus each having the electrophotographic photosensitive member. Accordingly, the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention having a support and a photosensitive layer on the support includes the photosensitive layer which contains a solid solution of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine and a compound represented by the following Formula (1) or Formula (1)?, the solid solution having peaks at Bragg angles 2? of 7.4°±0.3° and 28.3°±0.3° in CuK? characteristic X-ray diffraction.

Abstract: A toner to develop electrostatic latent images which uses an appropriate combination of a high molecular weight binder resin and a low molecular weight binder resin, an appropriate amount of a releasing agent, and a combination of silica particles and iron oxide particles as external additives, and thus has the following effects: the toner may reduce a generation amount of ultra-fine particles (UFPs) and have enhanced fluidity, charging uniformity, charging stability, transfer efficiency, fixability, durability and a cleaning ability.

Abstract: A capsule toner for developing an electrostatic charge image includes a plurality of toner particles. Each of the toner particles includes a core and a shell layer disposed over a surface of the core. The cores have a zeta potential at pH 4 of less than 0 V, and the toner particles have a zeta potential at pH 4 of greater than 0 V. The shell layers have a hardness of at least 1 N/m2 and less than 3 N/m2. The shell layers have a thickness of no greater than 20 nm. The toner particles have a roundness of at least 0.965 and less than 0.975.

Abstract: A resin in a liquid developer contains a first resin which is a urethane-modified polyester resin resulting from increase in chain length of a component derived from a polyester resin by a compound containing an isocyanate group and a second resin. The first resin is contained by not lower than 70 mass % with respect to a total of the first resin and the second resin. The component derived from the polyester resin includes a constitutional unit derived from an acid component and a constitutional unit derived from an alcohol component. A ratio of a constitutional unit derived from an aliphatic monomer occupied in the constitutional unit derived from the acid component and the constitutional unit derived from the alcohol component is not lower than 80 mass %. Relation of 2.3?Mw/Mn?4 (10000?Mn?50000) is satisfied.

Abstract: A liquid developer includes a toner in which a compound having a charge-accepting functional group has been bonded to a surface of toner particles, and a carrier liquid which makes a charge density of a surface of the toner become 1 ?C/m2 or less when the toner is dispersed in the carrier liquid.

Abstract: An applying device includes an applying member and a contact member. The applying member applies voltage to an image bearing member and has an elastic layer and an endless surface layer. The elastic layer is disposed facing the image bearing member, is rotatable about a rotation axis, and is composed of a foam material. The surface layer surrounds an outer periphery of the elastic layer, is supported by the elastic layer in a non-bonded state, and is rotatable together therewith. The contact member comes into contact with the surface layer at an upstream side, in a rotational direction of the applying member, relative to an imaginary line segment connecting a rotation axis of the image bearing member and the rotation axis of the applying member, so as to apply tension to the surface layer at a contact position between the image bearing member and the applying member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member, an exposure device, a detection device, a measurement device that measures a current flowing to the detection device, and a control unit that executes a detection mode in which an electrostatic latent image is formed on the photosensitive member and the measurement device detects a change in the current relative to the electrostatic latent image, wherein, in an adjustment mode, the control unit causes a potential difference between the electrostatic latent image and the detection device to be smaller as a layer thickness of the photosensitive member is more reduced.

Abstract: A drive circuit for a printing apparatus includes a first driver arranged on an electrical path from a first current supply unit to a first connection portion for a light-emitting element, a second driver arranged on an electrical path from a second current supply unit to the first connection portion, a third driver arranged on an electrical path from the second current supply unit to a second connection portion for a light-emitting element, and a switch unit configured to selectively connect the second current supply unit to one of the second driver and the third driver and disconnect the connection between the second current supply unit and the other of the second driver and the third driver when the second current supply unit is connected to the one of the second driver and the third driver.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a first roller, a second roller, a first voltage applying section, and a control section. An electrostatic latent image is formed on the first roller. The second roller is located opposite to the first roller with a first gap therebetween. The first voltage applying section applies voltage to the second roller. The control section determines a first voltage value to be applied to the second roller during development of the electrostatic latent image. The control section determines a first distance non-uniformity value indicating a degree of non-uniformity of a distance across the first gap. The control section determines a first indicator value by increasing voltage applied to the second roller in stages and performing electrical discharge measurement at each of the stages. The control section determines the first voltage value based on the first distance non-uniformity value and the first indicator value.

Abstract: An image formation apparatus includes: an image carrier; an exposure unit; a developer container part; a developer supply unit; a development unit; a remaining amount detector which detects a remaining amount of the developer in the container part; a development voltage application unit which applies a development voltage to the development unit; a supply voltage application unit which applies a supply voltage to the supply unit; and a voltage controller which controls the development voltage and the supply voltage. When the remaining amount of the developer detected by the remaining amount detector is reduced to a predetermined first threshold or less, the voltage controller makes an absolute value of a difference between the development voltage and the supply voltage smaller than that used when the remaining amount of the developer is larger than the first threshold.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a body of the image forming apparatus; and a cartridge installable with respect to the body, wherein the cartridge includes a developer accommodating portion accommodating a developer; a developing portion supporting a developer holding member holding the developer thereon; and a shutter configured to be movable between an open position at which the shutter opens a communication port and a closed position at which the shutter closes the communication port. The body includes a detecting section detecting a state of the cartridge which changes as the cartridge is used, and a judging section judging whether or not a cartridge exchange timing for exchanging the cartridge has arrived, based on the state of the cartridge detected by the detecting section; and the shutter moves to the closed position under a condition that the judging section judges that the cartridge exchange timing has arrived.

Abstract: A powder container includes a powder chamber for containing powder for forming images, a powder outlet formed in a face of the powder container, and a shutter assembly to open and close the powder outlet and including first and second shutters. The first shutter is movable between a sealing position to close the powder outlet and an open position to open the powder outlet and includes a pressed member to cancel retention of the first shutter at the sealing position. The second shutter includes a pressing projection that interferes with the pressed member of the first shutter and is movable between a shielding position to cover the pressed member without interference between the pressing projection and the pressed member and a releasing position to press the pressed member with the pressing projection.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a first component, a second component, a first end surface, a second end surface and a sealer. The sealer arranged on the first or second end surface seals the part between the first end surface and the second end surface while keeping the first opening communicated with the second opening when the second component is mounted on the first component.

Abstract: Provided is a developing device including a container that accommodates a developer, a developer holding member that develops the electrostatic latent image on the image holding member by delivering the developer to a position facing the image holding member, while rotating, a first transport member that extends in a direction of a rotary shaft of the developer holding member, and that transports the developer inside the container in a first direction, and a pushing-back member that pushes back the developer transported in the first direction by the first transport member in a direction opposite to the first direction, and that allows an amount of the developer beyond pushing-back capacity within the developer transported in the first direction, to exit from the container, wherein the container includes a control wall that controls passage of the developer.

Abstract: A developing device includes a developing member that delivers a developer to an image carrier while rotating, a transport-supply member that extends in one direction and that supplies the developer, which contains a toner, to the developing member while transporting the developer from a first side to a second side in the one direction, and a transport-stirring member that is disposed along a transport-stirring path, which is inclined in an upward direction with respect to a horizontal direction, the transport-stirring member being configured to receive the developer, which is transported by the transport-supply member, from a portion of the transport-supply member on the second side in the one direction, stir the received developer while transporting the developer upward along the transport-stirring path, and deliver the developer to a portion of the transport-supply member on the first side in the one direction.

Abstract: A developing cartridge is provided. The developing cartridge includes a first frame and a second frame and a layer thickness regulating member. The first frame and the second frame include a first welding surface formed at a periphery of the developer accommodating part correspondingly to a developer accommodating part; and a second welding surface extending continuously from the first welding surface correspondingly to a roller support part. The first welding surface extends in a direction orthogonal to an overlapping direction of the first frame and the second frame. The second welding surface extends to be inclined toward a side of the first frame in the overlapping direction as extending toward the developing roller. The layer thickness regulating member is provided to cover the second welding surface from a side of the second frame in the overlapping direction.

Abstract: A developing cartridge is provided. The developing cartridge includes a first frame and a second frame and a layer thickness regulating member. The first frame and the second frame include a first welding surface formed at a periphery of the developer accommodating part correspondingly to a developer accommodating part; and a second welding surface extending continuously from the first welding surface correspondingly to a roller support part. The first welding surface extends in a direction orthogonal to an overlapping direction of the first frame and the second frame. The second welding surface extends to be inclined toward a side of the first frame in the overlapping direction as extending toward the developing roller. The layer thickness regulating member is provided to cover the second welding surface from a side of the second frame in the overlapping direction.

Abstract: An improvement rotating powder drop structure includes a toner cartridge, wherein a toner cartridge rear cover is located at a bottom of the toner cartridge, a rear cover sealing gasket is located between the toner cartridge and the toner cartridge rear cover, a driving gear is sleevedly connected to a top of the toner cartridge, a powder exit is provided at an inner side of the driving gear, a powder exit sealing gasket is provided at an inner side of the powder exit, two first powder blocking flakes are respectively symmetrically located at two sides of the powder exit, two second powder blocking flakes are respectively fixed to two first powder blocking flakes, a spring is located within the powder exit, a slide bar is located at a top of the spring, an upper cover is located at the top of the toner cartridge.

Abstract: A spacing device includes a spacing member that spaces first and second rotating bodies having first and second shaft portions, respectively, apart from each other. The spacing member is provided on the second shaft portion and includes a supporting portion that supports the first rotating body; and an opening through which the second shaft portion extends and including an idling portion that allows a hook part of the second shaft portion to rotate idle, and a catching portion that catches the hook part. The first and second rotating bodies are spaced apart when the hook part is in the catching portion and the first rotating body is supported by the supporting portion. The first and second rotating bodies are allowed to rotate when the spacing member rotates until the supporting portion is oriented downward in a direction of gravitational force and the hook part moves to the idling portion.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, a transfer member, and a power source. The image bearer includes a plurality of layers. The transfer member forms a transfer nip between the image bearer and the transfer member. The power source outputs a transfer bias to transfer a toner image from the image bearer onto a recording sheet in the transfer nip. The transfer bias alternates between a transfer-side bias that causes the toner image to move from the image bearer to the recording sheet, and an opposite-side bias different from the transfer-side bias. A duty ratio of a time period, during which the opposite-side bias is output, relative to one cycle of a waveform, is greater than 50%.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearer; a transfer rotator to contact the image bearer to form a transfer nip therebetween; a bias application device to apply, to the transfer rotator, a transfer bias, a cleaning bias to remove toner adhering to the transfer rotator, and a non-image area bias smaller in absolute value than the cleaning bias; and a controller to control the bias application device and set a sheet feeding interval according to a predetermined condition. When the sheet feeding interval exceeds a predetermined threshold, the controller causes the bias application device to apply, to the transfer rotator, the non-image area bias for an application time Z and the cleaning bias for a time X?Z within the sheet feeding interval when X represents the sheet feeding interval, and the application time Z is increased as the sheet feeding interval is increased.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming device for forming an image on a sheet; a fixing device for fixing an image formed on a sheet; a detector for detecting a temperature of the fixing device, and a controller for controlling an image formation start timing in accordance with an output of the detector. In an operation of continuously forming images on a plurality of predetermined sheets, when a number of image formations is not less than a predetermined number, the start of the image formation is delayed until a temperature of the fixing device rises up to a first temperature, and when the number of image formations is less than the predetermined number, the image formation is started when the temperature of the fixing device rises up to a second temperature which is lower than the first temperature.

Abstract: A fixing device that fixes a toner image carried on a transfer sheet onto the transfer sheet includes a fixing belt that relatively moves, with its surface being in contact with the toner image during the fixing operation, with respect to the transfer sheet, surface information detecting devices that determine surface information of the fixing belt, a surface condition changing roller that is arranged so as to be capable of coming into contact with and separating from the fixing belt and abrades the surface of the fixing belt in contact with the fixing belt, and a surface condition changing controller that controls the contact and separation of the surface condition changing roller with and from the fixing belt based on detection results obtained by the surface information detecting devices.

Abstract: A fixing device, including a heat roller, a temperature detector member to detect temperature of the heat roller, a supporting member to support the temperature detector member, and a fixer frame to support the heat roller and the supporting member, is provided. The supporting member includes a supporting part to support the temperature detector member, a first part, a second part which is less rigid than the first part, and an attaching part to be attached to an attachable surface of the fixer frame. The attaching part is arranged on one end of the supporting member along the axial direction. The supporting part is arranged in an intermediate position along the axial direction in the supporting member. The first part and the second part are arranged in positions between the attaching part and the supporting part along the axial direction in the supporting member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that forms a toner image on a recording medium includes a fixing unit configured to fix the unfixed toner image on the recording medium while conveying the recording medium bearing the unfixed toner image at a nip portion. The fixing unit includes a fixing rotating member and a pressure member forming the nip portion with the fixing rotating member. The apparatus also includes: a counting portion configured to count the cumulative rotation time of the fixing rotating member and the cumulative number of startups of the fixing unit; and a notifying portion configured to performing notification of information about at least one of the lifetime expiration of the fixing unit and the necessity of replacing the fixing unit. The notifying portion performs the notification in accordance with the cumulative rotation time and the cumulative number of startups of the fixing unit.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a fixing member that fixes a toner image to a recording medium, a pressure member that forms, together with the fixing member, a pressure portion through which the recording medium carrying the toner image yet to be fixed passes, and a heating member including a heating layer that generates heat when energized and an insulating layer that encloses the heating layer so as to electrically insulate the heating layer. The heating member has a curved shape along an inner peripheral surface of the fixing member, in a state in which no external force is applied, and is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the fixing member.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a heating element disposed inside a flexible fusing member, a nip member disposed to contact with a surface of the flexible fusing member and to allow the flexible fusing member to slide along the nip member, a reflecting plate for reflecting radiant heat from the heating element toward the nip member, and a backup member for nipping the flexible fusing member with the nip member. The reflecting plate includes a central reflecting portion extending along a longitudinal direction of the heating element at least in a region corresponding to along a heat generating portion of the heating element, and end reflecting portions stationarily provided on both ends of the central reflecting portion. The end reflecting portions are disposed in positions longitudinally outward of the heat generating portion and each has a reflecting surface tilted with respect to the longitudinal direction of the heating element.

Abstract: A fixing member manufacturing method includes: a step of holding a longitudinal end of a resin tube by a first holding tool; a step of holding another longitudinal end of the resin tube by a second holding tool; a step of decreasing a distance between the first and second holding tools each holding the resin tube, by a predetermined amount; a step of expanding, after the decreasing step, the resin tube in a radial direction; and a step of externally fitting the resin tube, expanded in the radial direction, around an elastic material coated with an adhesive.

Abstract: A fixing device includes a heating roller, a non-contact temperature sensor, a first air channel, and a second air channel. The non-contact temperature sensor detects a temperature of the heating roller in a non-contact manner. The first air channel is located between the non-contact temperature sensor and the heating roller. The second air channel is located at a side of the non-contact temperature sensor that is farther from the heating roller. An air velocity in the first air channel is greater than an air velocity in the second air channel.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a toner image forming unit that forms a toner image on a recording medium, a fixing unit that heats and fixes the toner image onto the recording medium, an ejection unit that ejects the recording medium through a curved transport path, a transport unit for two-sided printing that flips over the recording medium and transports the recording medium to the toner image forming unit, and a switching unit that switches, when an subsequent operation is specified to be performed on the recording medium, an ejection path through which the recording medium is to be ejected to an ejection path that passes the transport unit for two-sided printing and changes a temperature of the fixing unit to a temperature lower than a temperature at which the toner image is fixed to the recording medium or causes the fixing unit to stop heating.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including a control device configured to predict, before printing a print job, whether or not a temperature of developer carried on a developing roller during the printing of the print job, in which the developing roller is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed, becomes equal to or higher than a first predetermined value by using a temperature detected by a temperature detector, rotate the developing roller at the predetermined rotational speed in a case where the predicted temperature does not become equal to or higher than the first predetermined value, and rotate the developing roller at a low speed lower than the predetermined rotational speed from a start to an end of the printing of the print job in a case where the predicted temperature becomes equal to or higher than the first predetermined value.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a detection unit configured to detect an object and a power-supply control unit. The power-supply control unit shifts the image forming apparatus to a second power state, in response to a lapse of a predetermined time following no detection of the object, when a job has not been executed until the detection unit detects no object, after the power-supply control unit shifts the image forming apparatus to the first power state. The power-supply control unit shifts the image forming apparatus to the second power state before a lapse of the predetermined time, when a job has been executed until the detection unit detects no object, after the power-supply control unit shifts the image forming apparatus to the first power state.

Abstract: Example updating a supported-supplies database of an image forming apparatus are disclosed. An example method includes receiving an imaging supply in a printer; accessing an action identifier on the imaging supply; and in response to the action identifier, at least one of updating a database of the printer to include a first supported imaging supply previously not supported by or compatible with the printer, or removing a second supported imaging supply previously supported by or compatible with the printer from the database.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a forming unit that forms a toner image with a substantially flat toner containing a substantially flat metal pigment on a movable body; a transfer unit that forms a nip with the movable body and transfers the toner image on a medium transported to the nip; and a controller that, if at least one of first and second conditions, the first condition in which an image width from data for allowing the forming unit to form the toner image is larger than a predetermined width, the second condition in which an area coverage from the data is higher than a predetermined area coverage, is satisfied, causes the forming unit to form a toner image with a corrected area coverage lower than the area coverage from the data.