Abstract: Disclosed is a cassette type modular water treatment package system for water treatment, including a container in which water treatment modules are installed.

Abstract: A method of sealing a workpiece comprising forming an inorganic film over a surface of a first substrate, arranging a workpiece to be protected between the first substrate and a second substrate wherein the inorganic film is in contact with the second substrate; and sealing the workpiece between the first and second substrates as a function of the composition of impurities in the first or second substrates and as a function of the composition of the inorganic film by locally heating the inorganic film with a predetermined laser radiation wavelength. The inorganic film, the first substrate, or the second substrate can be transmissive at approximately 420 nm to approximately 750 nm.

Abstract: An apparatus for conveying glass sheets on an air support table of a heating furnace, the table having blast apertures and exhaust apertures. The blast apertures are connected to a plenum chamber under the air support table. The exhaust apertures are connected to exhaust passages inside the table, the first end of the passages opening into the furnace or being provided with a closable and openable closing gate. The second end of the exhaust passages opens into a suction duct or is provided with a closable and openable barrier gate. The suction duct of the blower is on the opposite side of the air support table to the conveyor which is in contact with the glass. In the suction duct between the exhaust passages and the blower is at least one adjustable bypass gate which is used for adjusting the air support of the glass.

Abstract: In a device for producing a large-sized porous base material by a VAD process, the cracking and variation of the outer diameter of the base material are suppressed by forming a smooth tapered part, without changing the length of a non-effective part. In producing the porous base material by a VAD process, the time for a gas to reach a flow amount of the gas in a steady state from starting of the deposition is extended more in a burner that deposits glass microparticles on a layer closer to the outside of the base material.

Abstract: A glass precursor gel and a method of making a glass product from the glass precursor gel are disclosed. The glass precursor gel includes a bulk amorphous oxide-based matrix that is homogeneously chemically mixed and includes 30 mol % to 90 wt. % silica and at least one of the following: (A) 0.1 mol % to 25 mol % of one or more alkali oxides in sum total, (B) 0.1 mol % to 25 mol % of one or more alkaline earth oxides in sum total, (C) 1 mol % to 20 mol % boric oxide, (D) 5 mol % to 80 mol % lead oxide, or (E) 0.1 mol % to 10 mol % aluminum oxide. A method of making a glass product from the glass precursor gel involves obtaining the glass precursor gel, melting the glass precursor gel into molten glass, and forming the molten glass into a glass product.

Abstract: Selenogermanate, selenogallo- or selenoindo-germanate glasses that are modified by alkali metals, for example, Na or Li and, as such, are characterized by high alkali ion mobility or conductivity. Ionic conducting chalcogenide glasses have potential application as an electrolyte medium for solid state batteries.

Abstract: The invention describes a method for the manufacture of quartz glass that comprises not only doping with rare earth elements and/or transition metals, but also fluorination of the quartz glass. The method described presently allows the diffusion of the dopants during fluorination to be prevented. Moreover, the invention relates to the quartz glass that can be obtained according to the method according to the invention and the use thereof as laser-active quartz glass, for generating light-guiding structures, and in optical applications.

Abstract: Provided is a colored glass fiber for use as a reinforced fiber, allowing a molded product to have high strength and good appearance. A glass fiber is surface treated with a surface treatment agent including a first silane coupling agent, a coating agent and a surfactant, colored with a coloring agent including a second silane coupling agent and a pigment, and water-washed, so that the colored glass fiber is obtained. The treatment is performed to have a sum of the weight of a surface treatment layer and a colored layer of 0.25 to 1.70 wt% with respect to the weight of the glass fiber. Due to a coating formed from the surface treatment agent on the glass surface, the colored glass fiber is not scratched by the pigment contained in the coloring agent. Consequently, the mold product doesn't degrade the strength and has good appearance due to the coloring.

Abstract: A method is provided for reducing the amount of Old Portland Cement that is to be mixed with interground fly ash in the manufacture of cement having a 120 slag performance by intergrinding fly ash with a dried calcium sulfite scrubber residue from a desulfurization process in which the agglomerated dried calcium sulfite is dried at a low temperature not exceeding 250° F. to increase the strength of the interground fly ash by as much as 40% for allowing the reduction in the amount of Old Portland Cement from 50% to 30%, thus to reduce cement cost.

Abstract: Provided is a fiber-reinforced carbonated hydraulic inorganic molded plate having a high bulk specific gravity, a high flexural strength, and a small dimensional change rate per specific gravity. (1) A fiber-reinforced carbonated hydraulic inorganic molded plate including: a cement component, a pulp, and a reinforcing fiber having an aspect ratio in a range of 40 to 1000; and being a carbonation-cured molded plate. (2) A molded plate being a cured product of a composition including at least a cement component, a pulp, and a reinforcing fiber, wherein the molded plate is a fiber-reinforced carbonated hydraulic inorganic molded plate and has a carbonation reaction rate of higher than or equal to 30%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic compositions, for example concrete and mortar compositions. More precisely, the present patent application relates to a slump retaining agent which is compatible with a water-reducing agent of hydrophilic comb polymer type.

Abstract: A high strength concrete composition comprising cement, expanded perlite, aggregate, water in an amount corresponding to a water to cement ratio of about 0.25 to 0.35, and one or more chemical admixtures in an amount sufficient for workability. The composition exhibits typical compressive strengths in the range of about 10000 to about 14000 psi after 28 days. In addition, the composition exhibits extremely high heat resistance and low permeability. The composition is particularly suitable in applications such as runways and landing pads, anti-ballistic panels, and blast resistant walls, barriers, panels, and checkpoints. The enhanced strength allows lesser quantities of concrete to be used in the construction of highway, bridges, buildings, dams, and similar structures.

Abstract: A gypsum slurry includes calcined gypsum, urea phosphate esterified starch, organopolysiloxane, and water.

Abstract: According to embodiments, a batch mixture includes inorganic components, a non-polar carbon chain lubricant, and an organic surfactant having a polar head. The non-polar carbon chain lubricant and the organic surfactant are present in concentrations satisfying the relationship: B(C1(d+d0)+C2(f+f0))=SC, where: d0+d is an amount of non-polar carbon chain lubricant in percent by weight of the inorganic components, by super addition; f0+f is an amount of organic surfactant in percent by weight of the inorganic components, by super addition; B is a scaling factor; C1 is a scaling factor of the concentration of the non-polar carbon chain lubricant; and C2 is a scaling factor of the concentration of the organic surfactant. Embodiments provide that 3.6?SC?14.

Abstract: Thermal chemical vapor deposition products and processes are disclosed. The products include a ceramic substrate and a non-porous surface on the ceramic substrate, the non-porous surface including a ceramic material. The process includes transporting fluid along a non-porous surface, the non-porous surface being positioned on a ceramic substrate and being a thermal chemical vapor deposition coating.

Abstract: Equipment for manufacturing ceramic wires is disclosed. The manufacturing equipment can comprise a deposition unit for depositing the ceramic wire on a wire substrate, a loading/unloading unit having a release reel for providing the wire substrate to the deposition unit and a coiling reel for discharging the wire substrate from the deposition unit, and at least one buffer unit arranged between the loading/unloading unit and the deposition unit. The buffer unit may continuously be providing the wire substrate to the deposition unit or continuously winding the wire substrate from the deposition unit when the release reel or the coiling reel is replaced.

Abstract: A friction material composition including a fiber base material, a friction modifier and a binder. A content of copper in the friction material composition is 0.5% by mass or less. The friction material composition includes a partially graphitized coke and muscovite. A friction material is formed by molding the friction material composition.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing ceramic matrix composite objects is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of providing first and second substantially two dimensional arrangements of one or more fibre plies, and machining the first and second arrangements to predetermined configurations to form first and second preforms. The second preform is made to conform to a surface of the first preform such that at least some of the fibres of the second preform are orientated at least partially in a plane outside that defined by the fibres of the first preform, and fixed to the first preform to form a combined first and second preform. The combined first and second preform is rigidised. Ceramic matrix composite objects manufactured by this method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A building material includes a base material, a first mirror coating formed on the surface of the base material, a second mirror coating formed on the surface of the first mirror coating, wherein the first mirror coating contains a filler and a first resin material, the pencil hardness of the first mirror coating is in the range of about 3H to about 8H, the second mirror coating contains at least a second resin material, and the pencil hardness of the second mirror coating is in the range of about B to about 2H.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a selenium-doped nano-silica sol capable of both inhibiting the absorption and accumulation of heavy metal in rice and producing a selenium-rich rice, and a preparation method thereof. The selenium-doped nano-silica sol of the present invention is prepared mainly by using a nano-silica sol as a carrier, sodium selenite and the like as a raw material, vitamin C and the like as a reducing agent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone and the like as an emulsifier, and doping and dispersing selenium in a specific ratio in a silica sol so as to form a selenium-doped nano-silica sol with a special structure and function. The selenium-doped nano-silica sol prepared according to the invention has high stability and high concentration, and is uniform and transparent, and has a silica content of up to 20% or more, a selenium content of up to 1% or more, and low impurity content.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mulch or potting soil compositions that can enhance plant growth, water use efficiency of the plant, plant appearance, or the population of beneficial microorganisms or the content of metabolites produced by the beneficial microorganism in the mulch or soil around the plant. The compositions comprise mulch or potting soil and at least one microorganism, or a cell-free extract thereof or at least one metabolite thereof, and/or a mutant of the at least one microorganism having all the identifying characteristics of the respective microorganism or extract of the mutant.

Abstract: The present application relates to systems and methods for processing organic material. The methods may include extraction of biochemical nutrients from organic material, such as food scraps. The method can include comminuting the organic material to form a slurry from components comprising liquid and organic material; combining the slurry with microorganisms, such as a yeast, under aerobic conditions to form a mixture of the slurry and yeast; aerating the mixture; and forming a biomass and a nutrient-rich broth, in which the biochemical nutrients are stabilized and anabolized. The systems may, in some embodiments, be configured to perform the methods of processing organic materials.

Abstract: A device is described for producing humus, in particular a composter, having a compost container (1) forming a jacket, which is closed on top using a cover (2), wherein the cover (2) forms a rainwater collecting basin (3), with which at least one drain (5) opening into the composter interior (4) is associated. To achieve advantageous climate conditions in the composter container, it is proposed that the drain (5) open into a collection container (6) associated with the jacket.

Abstract: A composite pyrotechnic product, especially a propellant powder for barrel weapons, has a composition, expressed as weight percentages, that contains from 78% to 90% of organic energetic charges, and from 10% to 22% of a polymeric gum, chosen from polyurethane-polyester gums, polyurethane-polyether gums and mixtures thereof, the number-average molecular weight of which is greater than 20 000 g/mol and the Mooney viscosity of which is between 20 and 70 ML (5+4) at 100° C.

Abstract: A composite pyrotechnic product, especially a propellant powder for barrel weapons, containing organic energetic charges in a crosslinked binder, has a composition, expressed as weight percentages, that contains from 78% to 90% of organic energetic charges, and from 10% to 22% of an energetic crosslinked binder obtained by crosslinking, via 8% to 12% of its azide functions, a polyglycidyl azide with a number-average molecular weight of between 700 and 3000 g/mol, with a crosslinking agent containing at least two propargyl functions in its chemical formula, in the presence of a polymeric gum, chosen from polyurethane-polyester gums, polyurethane-polyether gums and mixtures thereof, the number-average molecular weight of which is greater than 20000 g/mol and the Mooney viscosity of which is between 20 and 70 ML (5+4) at 100° C.; the at least one polymeric gum representing from 1% to 5% by weight of the composition of the pyrotechnic product.

Abstract: A process for producing aviation fuel and diesel from renewable feedstock is described. This process involves introducing the renewable feedstock into a hydrogenation and deoxygenation zone, and separating the hydrocarbon effluent from the hydrogenation and deoxygenation zone into an aviation boiling range fraction and a diesel boiling range fraction. The aviation boiling range fraction and diesel boiling range fraction are alternately sent to the isomerization and selective hydrocracking zone. This allows for lower severity isomerization and selective hydrocracking zone operating conditions when processing oils that naturally contain medium and long carbon chains (C8-C18), such as coconut or palm kernel oil. The lower severity operation results in decreased cracking, increasing the yield of aviation fuel product.

Abstract: Processes for producing a fuel from a renewable feedstock which may have more than 60 ppm nitrogen. The renewable feedstock is passed to a deoxygenation zone. A hydrogen stream, preferably formed from a recycled gas, is introduced into the deoxygenation zone at a relatively high rate. The hydrogen introduction may be between 3 to 5 times the rate of hydrogen consumption in the deoxygenation zone. The hydrogen introduction may also be between 6000 to 9000 SCF/BBL. A deoxygenated effluent, comprising less than 1 wppm nitrogen, may be isomerized and separated into one or more product hydrocarbon streams such as a diesel fuel or aviation fuel.

Abstract: An alkylation process utilizing less than 10 vol % of a halometallate based ionic liquid catalyst is described. By decreasing the catalyst volume fraction, the level of subsequent undesirable reactions may be minimized. The total residence time is typically in the range of about 1 min to about 30 min. The alkylate typically has a research octane number of at least about 93, and the olefin conversion is typically at least about 96%.

Abstract: Alkylation processes are described. The processes utilize ionic liquid catalysts having a kinematic viscosity range of about 50 cSt to about 100 cSt at 25° C. Catalysts within this range produce alkylate having higher octane than catalysts outside this range, especially at higher process temperatures which are preferable from an operating cost standpoint. The alkylate can have one or more of a research octane number of at least about 93, a selectivity of C8 of at least about 65%, and a mole ratio of trimethylpentane to dimethylhexane of greater than about 7:1.

Abstract: One or more process for the production of a linear alkylbenzenes which can be used to produce surfactants. The linear hydrocarbon and the aromatic hydrocarbon are both produced from a renewable feedstock. The linear hydrocarbon may be produced by deoxygenating a natural oil and dehydrogenating the resulting hydrocarbon to provide an olefinic hydrocarbon. The aromatic hydrocarbon may be produced from the pyrolysis of a biomass and the deoxygenation of a pyrolysis oil.

Abstract: A method for alkylation of a feedstock is described. The method includes contacting the feedstock comprising at least one alkylatable aromatic compound and an alkylating agent with a first alkylating catalyst composition under alkylating conditions, the first alkylating catalyst composition comprising UZM-8 zeolite and a binder, the first alkylating catalyst composition having 2-20 wt % UZM-8 zeolite and the catalyst having a nitrogen to zeolite aluminum molar ratio of between about 0.01 to about 0.040; wherein a total alkylated selectivity at a temperature and a molar ratio of alkylatable aromatic compound to alkylating agent is greater than 99.0%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for carrying out endothermic reactions comprising the method steps of: a) externally heating at least two reaction tubes (5), wherein the reaction tubes (5) have been arranged vertically in a heating chamber (3) and each of the reaction tubes (5) has been at least partially packed with a fluidizable material, b) introducing at least one gaseous reactant (R) into the reaction tubes (5), c) forming a fluidized bed (7) in the reaction tubes (5), d) carrying out the endothermic reaction in the reaction tubes (5) at a first temperature (T1) and a first pressure (P1), wherein the reaction volume has been distributed over at least two of the reaction tubes (5), and e) discharging the reaction product (P) from the reaction tubes (5).

Abstract: A process for producing aromatic hydrocarbons from methane or natural gas is described. The process operates by contacting the methane or natural gas along with hydrogen recycled in the system over a catalyst at elevated temperatures. During each pass over the catalyst, methane or natural gas is converted to benzene, toluene, naphthalene, and other aromatic compounds. The process can be used to produce zero-emission hydrogen, which can be used for generation of zero-emission electricity, generation of steam for use in extraction of heavy oil and oil sands, or for other purposes. In addition, benzene, an aromatic hydrocarbon, is produced, which is a readily-transportable and valuable chemical commodity and a fuel component, which can be used to displace petroleum-based gasoline and diesel, leading to additional above-ground GHG emission reductions. As a by-product, hydrogen is produced, which is used to produce zero-emission, high-quality steam and/or carbon-free electricity for above-ground facilities.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for generating higher hydrocarbon(s) from a stream comprising compounds with two or more carbon atoms (C2+), comprising introducing methane and an oxidant (e.g., O2) into an oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactor that has been retrofitted into a system comprising an ethylene-to-liquids (ETL) reactor. The OCM reactor reacts the methane with the oxidant to generate a first product stream comprising the C2+ compounds. The first product stream can then be directed to a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit that recovers at least a portion of the C2+ compounds from the first product stream to yield a second product stream comprising the at least the portion of the C2+ compounds. The second product stream can then be directed to the ETL reactor. The higher hydrocarbon(s) can then be generated from the at least the portion of the C2+ compounds in the ETL reactor.

Abstract: Manage sulfur present as sulfur or a sulfur compound in a hydrocarbon feedstream while effecting dehydrogenation of hydrocarbon(s) (e.g. propane) contained in the hydrocarbon feedstream to its/their corresponding olefin (e.g. propylene where the hydrocarbon is propane) without subjecting the feedstream to desulfurization before it contacts a fluidizable dehydrogenation catalyst that is both a desulfurant and a dehydrogenation catalyst and comprises gallium and platinum on an alumina or alumina-silica catalyst support with optional alkaline or alkaline earth metal such as potassium. Contact with such a catalyst yields a desulfurized crude olefin product that corresponds to the hydrocarbon and has a reduced amount of sulfur or sulfur compounds relative to the sulfur or sulfur compounds present in the hydrocarbon feedstream prior to contact with the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing butadiene through an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction. The production method according to the present invention may easily regulate an input ratio between oxygen and nitrogen that are used as raw material, such that a loss may be minimized of butadiene that is included in a second fraction stream (purge stream) and discharged to outside of the system. Consequently, an economic competitiveness of the process, such as a reduced raw material cost and an improved productivity may be realized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zeolitic granular material having a connected zeolitic structure across the entire volume thereof, having high mechanical resistance to crushing in the bed, and optimised material transfer in the macro-mesopores. The invention also relates to the method for preparing said zeolitic granular material, as well as to the use thereof as an adsorbent material in co-current or counter-current liquid phase separation methods, typically in a simulated mobile bed.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to compounds and methods for inhibiting the radical polymerization of unsaturated compounds, particularly vinyl monomers. More particularly, it relates to the use of cinnamyl quinone methides to inhibit the polymerization of unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds (e.g., vinyl monomers) soluble in organic solvents, particularly hydrocarbon streams.

Abstract: To provide a method for stably storing tetrafluoropropene filled in a container for e.g. storage or transportation, without occurrence of reaction such as polymerization. A method for storing tetrafluoropropene in a gaseous-liquid state composed of a gas phase and a liquid phase in a closed container, wherein the oxygen concentration (content) in the above gas phase is adjusted to at least 3 vol ppm and less than 3,000 vol ppm at a temperature of 25° C.

Abstract: An energy integrated process is disclosed for the conversion of carbon dioxide to a liquid product. The conversion reaction is exothermic. The heat of reaction and the heat of condensation of the reaction product or products are used as energy input in a carbon dioxide enrichment step. The enrichment step produces a feed gas for the conversion reaction.

Abstract: Described herein are processes for one-step delignification and hydrodeoxygenation of lignin fraction a biomass feedstock. The lignin feedstock is derived from by-products of paper production and biorefineries. Additionally described is a process for converting biomass-derived oxygenates to lower oxygen-content compounds and/or hydrocarbons in the liquid or vapor phase in a reactor system containing hydrogen and a catalyst comprised of a hydrogenation function and/or an oxophilic function and/or an acid function. Finally, also described herein is a process for converting biomass-derived oxygenates to lower oxygen-content compounds and/or hydrocarbons in the liquid or vapor phase in a reactor system containing hydrogen and a catalyst comprised of a hydrogenation function and/or an oxophilic function and/or an acid function.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing aldehydes that brings an excellent alcohol conversion and aldehyde selectivity while suppressing generation of aldol condensates, etc. The method for producing aldehydes includes a step of dehydrogenating primary alcohol in the presence of a catalyst composition. The catalyst composition is a first catalyst composition obtained by adding a potassium salt of a weak acid to a dehydrogenation catalyst containing copper as an active species.

Abstract: With respect to reduced coenzyme Q10, there has been no report about the presence of crystal polymorphism, and it has been considered that a conventionally obtained crystal form is only one form. The present invention relates to a reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal having an endothermic peak indicating melting at 54±2° C. during temperature rise at a rate of 5° C./min by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and/or to a reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal showing characteristic peaks at diffraction angles (2?±0.2°) of 11.5°, 18.2°, 19.3°, 22.3°, 23.0° and 33.3° by powder X-ray (Cu—K?) diffraction. The crystal form is a novel reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal which has a higher melting point and a lower solubility in a solvent, and is more excellent in stability than the conventionally known reduced coenzyme Q10 crystal.

Abstract: Processes for the producing acetic acid and, in particular, to improved processes for removing a cation, such as lithium, and iodides from a low energy carbonylation process to produce purified acetic acid. In one embodiment, the cation, e.g., lithium, may be removed using a cationic exchanger prior to removing iodides using a metal-exchanged ion exchange resin. The present invention is suited for removing at least one cation selected from the group consisting of Groups IA and IIA of the periodic table, quaternary nitrogen cations, and phosphorous-containing cations.

Abstract: Processes for the producing acetic acid and, in particular, to improved processes for removing a cation, such as lithium, and iodides from a low energy carbonylation process to produce purified acetic acid. In one embodiment, the cation, e.g., lithium, may be removed using a cationic exchanger prior to removing iodides using a metal-exchanged ion exchange resin. The present invention is also suited for removing at least one cation selected from the group consisting of Groups IA and IIA of the periodic table, quaternary nitrogen cations, and phosphorous-containing cations.

Abstract: Processes are described for making methacrylic acid via methacrolein from a biobased isobutene, wherein the biobased isobutene is prepared from ethanol or from acetic acid in the presence of a ZnxZryOz mixed oxide catalyst, the biobased isobutene is oxidized to methacrolein and the methacrolein is further oxidized to methacrylic acid.

Abstract: Systems and methods for liquid-phase oxidation of an aromatic feedstock containing at least one oxidizable aromatic compound may incorporate an oxidation reactor, a separation apparatus in fluidic communication with the oxidation reactor, a solids treatment unit, and a product recovery unit in fluidic communication with the separation apparatus. The oxidation reactor may conduct liquid-phase oxidation of the oxidizable aromatic compound in the aromatic feedstock in the presence of a manganate salt to form a slurry containing liquid product and solid manganese dioxide. The separation apparatus may accept the slurry from the oxidation reactor and separate the liquid component from the solid component. The solids treatment unit accepts the solid component from the separation apparatus, treats the solid component with a basic liquid to oxidize the manganese dioxide in the solid component and form a regenerated manganate salt, which may be recycled back to the oxidation reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for providing a compound of formula (I): wherein R is hydrogen or R?, wherein R? is -(C1-C4)alkyl, and Hal is a halogen, the process comprising the step of: reacting a compound of formula (II) wherein Hal is defined as above, with an alkali metal alkoxide of the formula XOR?, wherein X is an alkali metal, and R? is defined as above.

Abstract: The present invention provides amine salts of the prostacyclin analogue of Formula I and processes for generating these amine salts.

Abstract: A process for continuously preparing the tert-butyl ester of an aliphatic C1-C4 carboxylic acid comprises: a) the reaction of an aliphatic C1-C4 carboxylic acid with isobutene in the presence of an acidic catalyst to give an esterification mixture (G1); b) the partial evaporation of the esterification mixture (G1), giving a liquid first high boiler phase (SPh1) comprising the acidic catalyst, and a first vapor (B1) comprising tert-butyl ester; c) the fractional condensation of the first vapor (B1) by partially condensing the first vapor (B1) at a first pressure and a first temperature and obtaining a first condensate (K1), partially condensing the uncondensed second vapor (B2) at a second pressure and a second temperature and obtaining a second condensate (K2), the first temperature being 0 to 45° C. below the condensation temperature of the tert-butyl ester at the first pressure and the second temperature being 45 to 80° C.