Abstract: Insecticidal compositions suitable for use in preparation of insecticidal liquid fertilizers are disclosed. The compositions include bifenthrin, a polymeric dispersant, a suspension agent, a freeze-thaw stabilizer, and optionally a preservative.

Abstract: An energetic material comprising an elemental fuel, an oxidizer or other element, and a carbon nanofiller or carbon fiber rods, where the carbon nanofiller or carbon fiber rods are substantially homogeneously dispersed in the energetic material. Methods of tailoring the electrostatic discharge sensitivity of an energetic material are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of performing microchemical reactions and electro-wetting-on-dielectric devices (EWOD devices) for use in performing those reactions. These devices and method are particularly suited for preparing radiochemical compounds, particularly compounds containing 18F.

Abstract: Methods for converting a carbon-containing feedstock into a fluid transportation fuel are described. The methods may include converting the carbon-containing feedstock into a producer gas comprising H2, CO, CO2, and N2, and reacting the producer gas with a substrate catalyst to produce a combination of Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) products, the F-T products including the fluid transportation fuel. A portion of the F-T products may be catalytically cracked to produce additional amounts of the fluid transportation fuel. A portion of the F-T products may also be hydrogenated to produce additional amounts of the fluid transportation fuel. Apparatuses are also described for converting a carbon-containing feedstock into a fluid transportation fuel. The apparatuses may include a producer gas reactor, a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, a cracking reactor, and a hydrogenation reactor.

Abstract: In an embodiment a catalyst comprises a medium or large pore zeolite having germanium incorporated into the zeolite framework. The zeolite can have a pore structure that is one dimensional, two dimensional or three dimensional. A metal selected from Group 10 can be deposited on the zeolite. In an embodiment, a process for synthesizing the zeolite comprises preparing a medium pore zeolite containing germanium in the framework of the zeolite and calcining the zeolite. In an embodiment, the catalyst can be used in a process for the conversion of hydrocarbons comprising contacting a hydrocarbon stream containing alkanes, olefins, or mixtures thereof having 2 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule with the catalyst and recovering the product.

Abstract: A cyclopolyarylene compound represented by Formula (1): wherein k is the same or different, and each represents 0, 1 or 2; m is the same or different, and each represents 1, 2 or 3; and n represents 3, 4, 5 or 6.

Abstract: Provided is a simple, selective and efficient method for producing 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl propionate and the like. More specifically, provided is, for example, a method for producing 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl propionate, comprising the steps of: subjecting a nucleophile represented by Formula (1) and an electrophile represented by Formula (2) to a coupling reaction to obtain a 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl halide represented by Formula (3), and subjecting the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl halide (3) to propionyloxylation to obtain the 7-methyl-3-methylene-7-octenyl propionate represented by Formula (4).

Abstract: Disclosed is a process and apparatus for heat recovery in vinyl chloride monomer manufacturing plants or in integrated vinyl chloride monomer/polyvinyl chloride manufacturing plants. A process for capture and use of excess heat recovered in the production of vinyl chloride includes distillatively purifying DCE in a high-boilers column, using a heat exchanger to capture thermal energy from a purified DCE vapor stream from the high-boilers column, generating low pressure steam from the captured thermal energy, returning condensed DCE vapors to the high-boilers column, and heating parts of the plant with the generated low pressure steam.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula Ar(—CH2C6Br5)y, wherein Ar indicates a structure comprising one or more six-membered aromatic ring(s) and —CH2C6Br5 indicates a pentabromobenzyl group, characterized in that at least one carbon atom of said six-membered aromatic ring(s) is bonded to the benzylic carbon of said —CH2C6Br5 group, wherein y, which indicates the number of the —CH2C6Br5 groups in said compound, is not less than 1. Processes for preparing the compounds and their use as flame retardants are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for producing butanol from carbon dioxide, and water are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of producing butanol from carbon dioxide and water involves contacting carbon dioxide with a reaction mixture containing water and a catalyst, and heating the carbon dioxide and reaction mixture by fluctuating magnetic field. In some embodiments, the catalyst used may be FeAl2O3.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the separation of a homogeneous catalyst solution from crude monoethylene glycol (MEG) and for purifying MEG is provided. The apparatus includes a catalyst separation section, an MEG rectification section, a stripping section and a pasteurization section, wherein the MEG rectification and pasteurization sections are located within a MEG purification column, and the catalyst separation section is either located in the MEG purification column or in a separate upstream vessel, and wherein the catalyst separation section includes a crude MEG vapor feed inlet to the MEG rectification section.

Abstract: A process for the production of dimethyl ether from a methanol reactor effluent is disclosed. The process may include: contacting an aqueous extractant comprising water and an effluent from a methanol synthesis reactor comprising methanol and one or more of methane, water, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen. At least a portion of the methanol partitions into the aqueous extractant; recovering an extract fraction comprising the aqueous extractant and methanol. The extract fraction is fed to a catalytic distillation reactor system for concurrently: contacting the methanol with catalyst in a reaction zone thereby catalytically reacting at least a portion of the methanol to form dimethyl ether and water; and fractionating the resulting dimethyl ether and the water to recover a first overheads fraction comprising dimethyl ether and a first bottoms fraction comprising water.

Abstract: The invention has an object of providing an economical and highly efficient process for producing a cyclohexanone compound such as cyclohexanone. An aspect of the invention resides in a process for producing a cyclohexanone compound by performing hydrogenation reaction of a phenol compound in a gas phase in the presence of a palladium catalyst supported on a carrier to produce the corresponding cyclohexanone compound, wherein the hydrogenation reaction is carried out in the presence of at least one nitrogen compound selected from ammonia, amine compounds and heteroaromatic compounds.

Abstract: Processes for producing formic acid from a carbohydrate-containing material include hydrolyzing a carbohydrate-containing material (e.g., cellulose) in the presence of a mineral acid to form an intermediate hydrolysate comprising one or more sugars, and hydrolyzing the intermediate hydrolysate to form a hydrolysate product including formic acid.

Abstract: A method for suppressing isomerization of an olefin metathesis product produced in a metathesis reaction includes adding an isomerization suppression agent to a mixture that includes the olefin metathesis product and residual metathesis catalyst from the metathesis reaction under conditions that are sufficient to passivate at least a portion of the residual metathesis catalyst. The isomerization suppression agent includes (i) a salt and/or an ester of a phosphorous oxo acid, and/or (ii) a derivative of the phosphorous oxo acid in which at least one P—H bond has been replaced by a P—C bond, and/or (iii) a salt and/or an ester of the derivative. Methods of refining natural oils are described.

Abstract: Embodiments of an invention disclosed herein relate to methods to produce terephthalate esters, the methods include esterifying at least one C6-C13 alcohol with dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) in the presence of a catalyst to produce the terephthalate esters.

Abstract: A process for the production of 2-butoxyethyl benzoate from benzoic acid and 2-butoxy ethanol wherein at least a portion of the crude reaction product is fed to a distillation column comprising a dividing wall or a pasteurizing section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an injenane-type diterpene compound derived from Euphorbia kansui Liou, and a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing viral infectious diseases, a health functional food for preventing or ameliorating viral infectious diseases and a composition for enhancing the production of interferon-gamma, which comprise the injenane-type diterpene compound. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for preventing or treating viral infectious diseases including administering the composition to a subject having a viral infectious disease occurrence or a risk thereof with a therapeutically effective dose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a (meth)acryloyl group-containing resin having excellent heat resistance and a phenolic hydroxyl group-containing compound used as a raw material of the resin. A phenolic hydroxyl group-containing compound has a molecular structure represented by general formula (1) below [in the formula, R1, R2, and R3 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, m and n are each independently an integer of 1 to 4, p is an integer of 0 to 4, V is a hydrogen atom, a (meth)acryloyloxy group, or a hydroxyl group, and W, X, and Y are each independently a (meth)acryloyloxy group or a hydroxyl group], wherein at least one of V, W, X, and Y is a hydroxyl group, and at least one of V, W, X, and Y is a (meth)acryloyloxy group.

Abstract: Butters are a specific class of cosmetic triglycerides that provide a unique feel on skin. There are very few such materials in nature. In order for a butter to be of interest to the personal care market, it must be (1) soft at room temperature; (2) must not “crack” when handled; (3) must be able to be applied to the skin at ambient temperature by rubbing; (4) must liquefy upon rubbing, (5) must be free of rancidity and (6) must be free of trans acids that are the result of partial hydrogenation. For unsaturated oils to be made into butters, partial hydrogenation is the most common approach. This results in the formation of trans acids which are highly undesirable. The present invention discloses a series of non-hydrogenated butters made by a process referred to as totally randomized triglycerides. The butters are made using a very specific range of very specific types and ratios of fatty acids to glycerin to provide the highly desirable cosmetic butters meeting the requirements 1-5 above.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to acetylated polyglyceride fatty acid ester and compositions containing the same. The acetylated polyglyceride fatty acid ester may be blended with an epoxidized fatty acid ester. The present acetylated polyglyceride fatty acid ester and blends find advantageous application as a plasticizer.

Abstract: A family of amine mining collectors that uses alkoxylates allows for the easy adjustment of solubility and molecular weight useful because anionic and cationic mineral collectors require such varying degrees of solubility and molecular weight. The family of the present invention allows for the optimization of both parameters and an increase in collector efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing gabapentin and, more particularly, it relates to a process for the direct extraction of gabapentin from an aqueous solution derived from the Hofmann rearrangement of 1,1-cyclohexanediacetic acid monoamide.

Abstract: A N-benzylaniline derivative and uses thereof. The derivative is a compound represented by formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The compound protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and has analgesic action for chronic pathologic pain, and may be used to treat cerebral apoplexy, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory pain. Moreover, because of the unique mechanism of action of the compound, the compound can be used to treat epilepsy, affective disorder, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel compounds comprising a moiety that leads to the metabolic production of ketones bonded to a ketone-potentiated anti-epileptic drug, compositions comprising these compounds, and their use, for example for the treatment of epilepsy, and other CNS diseases, disorders or conditions.

Abstract: Provided is a method for selectively extracting and inexpensively recovering scandium from an acidic solution containing calcium, magnesium, and scandium. The scandium extraction method according to the present invention involves subjecting an acidic solution containing calcium, magnesium, and scandium to solvent extraction using an extraction agent consisting of an amide derivative represented by the general formula below. In the formula, R1 and R2 represent the same or different alkyl groups, and R3 is a hydrogen atom or alkyl group. The amide derivative preferably consisting of one or more derivatives selected from glycine amide derivatives, histidine amide derivatives, lysine amide derivatives, and aspartic acid amide derivatives. The pH of the acidic solution is preferably pre-adjusted to between 1 and 4.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the treatment of skin disorders (e.g., acne, rosacea) are described.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel electron deficient olefins, such as certain 2-cyanoacrylates and methylidene malonates, prepared using an imine or an iminium salt.

Abstract: A process for purifying a polycarbodiimide comprising (a) providing a mixture comprising a polycarbodiimide and a carbodiimidization catalyst; (b) separating carbodiimidization catalyst from the polycarbodiimide by subjecting the mixture according to (a) to a first distillation, (c) adding an entrainer to the first bottom product obtained from (b) to obtain a mixture; (d) further separating carbodiimidization catalyst from the polycarbodiimide by subjecting the mixture obtained from (c) to a second distillation.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating certain conditions, including diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, disorders or conditions by administrating a composition comprising a biguanide or related heterocyclic compound, e.g., metformin. Also provided herein are biguanide or related heterocyclic compound compositions, and methods for the preparation thereof for use in the methods of the present invention. Also provided herein are compositions comprising metformin and salts thereof and methods of use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to compositions comprising these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a ?-(arylsulfonyl)alkylnitrile compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention is also directed to a method for treating inflammation, inflammatory-related disorders, or pain, by administering an ?-(arylsulfonyl)alkylnitrile compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel isonitriles, including arylthio isonitriles, and methods for their preparation. The isonitriles include a conjugated ring system. The structure is designed with the flexibility to have multiple substitution patterns. The isonitriles may be used in applications including, but not limited to, pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: The disclosure provides compounds, compositions and methods using these compounds and compositions to stimulate the differentiation of cells and inhibit excessive cell proliferation of certain cells, including cancer cells and skin cells, which may be useful in the treatment of diseases characterized by abnormal cell proliferation and/or cell differentiation such as leukemia, myelofibrosis and psoriasis without the well known effect on calcium metabolism, which gives rise to hypercalcemia.

Abstract: Novel forms of [R—(R*,R*)]-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-?,?-dihydroxy-5-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-4-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-1H-pyrrole-1-heptanoic acid hemi calcium salt designated Form XX, Form XXI, Form XXII, Form XXIII, Form XXIV, Form XXV, Form XXVI, Form XXVII, Form XXVIII, Form XXIX, and Form XXX, characterized by their X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state NMR, and/or Raman spectroscopy are described, as well as methods for the preparation and pharmaceutical composition of the same, which are useful as agents for treating hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: There are provided compounds of formula I, wherein R1A to R1E, R2 to R5, L and X1 to X3 have meanings given in the description, which compounds have antiinflammatory activity (e.g. through inhibition of one or more of members of: the family of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase enzymes; Syk kinase; and members of the Src family of tyrosine kinases) and have use in therapy, including in pharmaceutical combinations, especially in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory diseases of the lung, eye and intestines.

Abstract: The invention describes an improved synthesis for piperazine derivatized with nicotinic acid and a benzyl moiety. The product compounds are useful for treatment of neurological conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 2-trifluoromethyl isonicotinic acid and esters of the formula I which involves a palladium catalyzed carbonylation or cyanation step wherein R1 is hydrogen or Q1-6-alkyl. The 2-trifluoromethyl isonicotinic acid and esters of the formula I are versatile intermediates for the preparation of active pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents such as for instance TAAR 1 agonists of the formula III.

Abstract: 4,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypicolinonitrile may be prepared from furfural in a series of chemical steps selected from cyano-amination, amine salt formation and bromination-rearrangement. 4-Alkoxy-3-hydroxypicolinic acids may be conveniently prepared from 4,6-dibromo-3-hydroxypicolinonitrile in a series of chemical steps selected from bromo substitution, nitrile hydrolysis and halogen reduction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a packaged product of a solid preparation containing 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, which comprises the solid preparation and an environment-controlling agent packaged together. The packaged product of present invention is useful as a packaged product of a solid preparation containing 5-hydroxy-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide or a salt thereof, or a hydrate thereof, with which discoloration of the solid preparation is suppressed, and superior storage stability of the solid preparation is obtained.

Abstract: Optionally substituted benzoimidazol-1,2-yl amides, such as compounds of Formula 1 or Formula 2, can be used to treat disorders associated with a Kv7 potassium channel activator. Compositions, medicaments, and dosage forms related to the treatment are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: The invention encompasses compounds having formula I and the compositions and methods using these compounds in the treatment of conditions in which modulation of the JAK pathway or inhibition of JAK kinases, particularly JAK3, are therapeutically useful.

Abstract: Methods of inhibiting a receptor tyrosine kinase in a subject in need thereof. Methods of inhibiting the growth of a tumor cell in a subject in need thereof. Methods of treating pancreatic cancer in a subject in need of treatment for pancreatic cancer. Methods of treating HER2 positive breast cancer in a subject in need of treatment for HER2 positive breast cancer. Methods of treating drug resistant non-small cell lung cancer in a subject in need of treatment for drug resistant non-small cell lung cancer. Each of these methods can include administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to 3,3?-dinitro-5,5?-bis-triazole-1,1?-diol and to salts thereof, and to an energetic active mass comprising said salts.

Abstract: Provided is a photo-sensitive composition capable of yielding pixels having a high translucency and a large refractive index, with a less amount of development residue in the process of formation. The photo-sensitive resin composition contains an ultraviolet absorber represented by Formula (I); a photo-polymerization initiator; and a polymerizable monomer: wherein each of R1, R2 and R3 independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; one of R4 and R5 represents an electron withdrawing group, and the other of R4 and R5 represents —SO2R6, —CO2R6, —COR6, —CN or —CONR6R7; each of R6 and R7 independently represents a hydrogen atom, alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or aryl group.

Abstract: An optical film including at least one compound represented by formula (1) is disclosed. In the formula, Y11, Y12 and Y13 each independently represent methine or a nitrogen atom; R11, R12 and R13 each independently represent formula (A), (B) or (C) or a hydrogen atom, provided that at least two of R11, R12 and R13 each independently represent formula (A), (B) or (C). In the formulae, L12, L22, and L32 each represent a 5-membered heterocyclic group.

Abstract: Compounds that selectively modulate the sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor are provided including compounds which modulate subtype 1 of the S1P receptor. Methods of chiral synthesis of such compounds is provided. Uses, methods of treatment or prevention and methods of preparing inventive compositions including inventive compounds are provided in connection with the treatment or prevention of diseases, malconditions, and disorders for which modulation of the sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor is medically indicated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to nordihydroguaiaretic acid derivative compounds, namely, butane bridge modified nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) compounds and butane bridge modified tetra-O-substituted NDGA compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, methods of making them, and methods of using them and kits including them for the treatment of diseases and disorders, in particular, diseases resulting from or associated with a virus infection, such as HIV infection, HPV infection, or HSV infection, an inflammatory disease, such as various types of arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, or a proliferative disease, such as diverse types of cancers.

Abstract: We describe anhydride compounds suitable for physiologically labile modification of amine-containing molecules. The described anhydrides form reversible linkages having desirable kinetics for in vivo delivery of biologically active molecules. Also described are endosomolytic polymers formed by modification of membrane active polyamines with the described anhydrides.

Abstract: There are provided, inter alia, derivatives of seriniquinone and methods useful for the treatment of cancer, and in particular treatment of melanoma and prostate cancer.