Abstract: Certain aspects and embodiments of the present invention are directed to a dual closure system disposed within a wellbore and capable of preventing the production of fluids from a fluid-producing formation to the surface. The dual closure system can include a passive closure mechanism and a subsurface safety valve coupled to an electric submersible pump positioned within a passageway defined by the tubing string. The passive closure mechanism and the subsurface safety valve can prevent production of fluid in the absence of the subsurface safety valve. The subsurface safety valve can be positioned within a passageway defined by a tubing string such that the subsurface safety valve can apply force to the passive closure mechanism. The force applied to the passive closure mechanism can maintain the passive closure mechanism in an open position, allowing movement of fluid to the surface in the presence of the active closure mechanism.

Abstract: The invention relates to a collecting tank for multi-phase mixtures from a hydrocarbon source, having at least one inlet (20) for introducing multi-phase mixtures into the collecting tank (10), and having a plurality of outlet connectors (30), which can be connected to pumps (3) via which multi-phase mixtures are pumped, the outlet connectors (30) being assigned inwardly directed internals (40) which project upwards beyond the collecting-tank base (11) and have a first, upper opening (42) and a second, lower opening (41), wherein the flow cross section of the lower opening (41) is smaller than that of the upper opening (42).

Abstract: System and methods for determining appraisal locations in a reservoir system by generating, selecting and ranking a list of priority appraisal locations based on an adjusted hydrocarbon recovery potential.

Abstract: A completion tool for gravel packing screens incorporates an added position to allow redirection of flow to a signal transmission tool at the needed flow rates to optimize signal to noise ratios by creation of a discrete flow path that channels the desired flow directly to the device and using the production tubing and upper annulus as the balance of the flow circuit. The Smart Collet® has a landing location for this position which is preferably between the circulation and reverse positions of the crossover tool. The wash pipe assembly can have a shifting tool that closes the sleeve over the gravel exit ports for the information transmittal such ports can thereafter remain closed because the gravel packing is complete but for the reversing out of excess gravel which happens above the gravel exit ports.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a tubing string anchor for resisting angular rotation of the tubing string, as when undergoing pumping through the string. The anchor includes a plurality of anchoring members each rotatable about a fulcrum between a locking position and a non-locking position. The anchor housing has a groove formed between adjacent anchoring members through which a string may be run to access below the anchor when the anchor is installed.

Abstract: A tubular expansion system is configured to expand a tubular in a wellbore. The expansion system may include an expandable tubular having a lower section and an upper section; a first expansion member configured to expand the lower section; and a second expansion member configured to expand the upper section. The upper section may be expanded to have an inner diameter greater than an inner diameter of the expanded lower section. The second expansion member may be engaged and moved by the first expansion member and/or one or more support members to expand the upper section.

Abstract: A perforation gun system is provided including combinations of components including a top connector, a self-centralizing charge holder system and a bottom connector that can double as a spacer. Any number of spacers can be used with any number of holders for any desired specific metric or imperial shot density, phase and length gun system. A perforation gun system kit and a method of assembling a perforation gun system are also provided.

Abstract: A submersible pump assembly has a tubular intake housing containing intake housing ports. A gas restrictor is carried around the intake housing. The gas restrictor is an eccentric sleeve with a semi-cylindrical portion with a centerline coincident with the axis of the pump and extending around an upper portion of the intake housing. A counterweight portion connected with the semi-cylindrical portion has an outboard area farther from the centerline than the semi-cylindrical portion. A weight bar may be mounted to the counterweight portion. The gas restrictor is free to self orient relative to the intake housing due to gravity while the pump assembly is in the horizontal section of the well, with the semi-cylindrical portion overlying and blocking at least some of the intake housing ports on an upper portion of the intake housing.

Abstract: Enhanced oil recovery becomes increasingly important in satisfying the growing demand for fossil fuel. The efficiency of secondary recovery processes like water flooding is however largely influenced by the rock characteristics, fluid characteristics, chemistry and physics. For development of the full potential of secondary oil recovery, it remains a challenge to obtain sufficient knowledge about the reservoir conditions. The present invention provides a novel water-dispersed, nano-sensor composition based on. InP/ZnS quantum dots (“QDs”) and atomic silver clusters, which exhibit a bright visible fluorescence combined with dedicated sensor functionalities. The QD and silver nano-sensors were tested in simulated reservoir conditions to determine their selected functionality to these reservoir conditions. The developed nano-sensors showed improved sensor functionalities towards pH, temperature, and subterranean reservoir rock, such, as clay or limestone.

Abstract: A heater includes a heater housing with a fuel cell stack assembly disposed therein. The fuel cell stack assembly includes a plurality of fuel cells which convert chemical energy from a fuel into heat and electricity through a chemical reaction with an oxidizing agent. The fuel cell stack assembly includes a fuel cell manifold for receiving the fuel within a fuel inlet and the oxidizing agent within an oxidizing agent inlet and distributing the fuel and oxidizing agent to the fuel cells. A fuel supply conduit supplies the fuel to the fuel inlet and an oxidizing agent supply conduit supplies the oxidizing agent to the oxidizing agent inlet. A sonic orifice is disposed between the fuel supply conduit and the fuel inlet or between the oxidizing agent supply conduit and the oxidizing agent inlet, thereby limiting the velocity of the fuel or the oxidizing agent through the sonic orifice.

Abstract: The application is related to improving recovery of fracturing fluids from subterranean target earth intervals. The application is also related to improving hydrocarbon productivity of subterranean target earth intervals. The application is also related to controlling the development of fractures in subterranean target earth intervals.

Abstract: Methods of treating a wellbore in a subterranean formation including providing an aqueous treatment fluid comprising a liquid resin agent, wherein the liquid resin agent comprises the reaction product of a multifunctional electrophilic compound and at least one nucleophilic compound selected from the group consisting of a dimer acid; a dimer amine; any derivative thereof; and any combination thereof, and wherein the multifunctional electrophilic compound comprises least two electrophilic reactive groups; introducing the aqueous treatment fluid into the wellbore in the subterranean formation; and, curing the liquid resin agent.

Abstract: Control device (100) controlling a drilling operation and methods by which the dynamics of the continuum in question can be divided into superimposed waves, of which the wave traveling in the direction of the actuator and/or drive (10) is compensated by the actuator. This prevents reflection of the energy on the actuator. By using two sensors (30, 40) the wave traveling towards the actuator (10) and the wave traveling away from the actuator (10) can be calculated separately from one another, so that both the parameters of the wave traveling toward the actuator and the parameters of the wave traveling away from the actuator can be determined in order to be able to perform a control of the driving device of the drill string (20) on this basis.

Abstract: The invention relates to downhole motors for rotating drill bits. The downhole motors may comprise stators, turbines or the like. The drilling motor may comprise a drilling apparatus comprising a drill bit connected to a rotor rotatably housed within a stator (or a turbine rotor in a housing), the rotor comprising at least one magnetic field source or magnetic field detector, and the stator comprising at least one magnetic field source if the rotor comprises a magnetic field detector or comprising at least one magnetic field detector if the rotor comprises a magnetic field source, thereby allowing the rotation speed of the rotor relative to the stator to be measured.

Abstract: An electric submersible pumping system has an electric motor, a pump assembly driven by the electric motor and a sensor module. The sensor module preferably includes a detachable sensor array that can be selectively released from the sensor module. In preferred embodiments, the detachable sensor array includes a self-propelled sensor array vehicle that has a drive motor, a drive mechanism driven by the drive motor and a sensor array. The detachable sensor array provides a wellbore condition signal that can be used to automatically adjust the performance of the electric submersible pumping system.

Abstract: A system and method for surface steerable drilling are provided. In one example, the method includes monitoring operating parameters for drilling rig equipment and bottom hole assembly (BHA) equipment for a BHA, where the operating parameters control the drilling rig equipment and BHA equipment. The method includes receiving current inputs corresponding to performance data of the drilling rig equipment and BHA equipment during a drilling operation and determining that an amount of change between the current inputs and corresponding previously received inputs exceeds a defined threshold. The method further includes determining whether a modification to the operating parameters has occurred that would result in the amount of change exceeding the defined threshold and identifying that a problem exists in at least one of the drilling rig equipment and BHA equipment if no modification has occurred to the operating parameters. The method includes performing a defined action if a problem exists.

Abstract: A technique facilitates efficient data transfer during a drilling operation. The drilling operation involves deploying a drill string downhole and rotating a drill bit to cut a borehole into a subterranean formation. While the drill bit is on bottom, real-time sensor data is transmitted to a surface location or other suitable location via a data transmission system. The transmission of current or real-time sensor data is stopped when the drill bit is moved off bottom. While the drill bit is off bottom, previously recorded data is sent uphole.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag can include a die attached to an inductive-capacitive (LC) circuit including a capacitive element coupled to an inductive element. The LC circuit can have a resonant frequency that varies according to properties of fluid proximate the RFID tag. The RFID tag can further include a coating material disposed around the die to form an outer surface of the RFID tag. The coating material may have a thickness over a portion of the LC circuit, to permit a conductivity property of a fluid proximate the outer surface to affect the resonant frequency of the LC circuit such that the resonant frequency shifts to a second resonant frequency. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting a kick in a wellbore using acoustic transducers. In one embodiment, a system for detecting a kick in a wellbore includes a drill string having a plurality of sections of drill pipes and a plurality of kick detection subs disposed between the sections of drill pipes. Each of the kick detection subs includes an acoustic transducer and kick detection circuitry coupled to the acoustic transducer. The kick detection circuitry is configured to detect gas bubbles in the wellbore based on acoustic signals received by the acoustic transducer. The kick detection circuitry is also configured to determine whether a kick is present in the wellbore based on the detected gas bubbles. The kick detection circuitry is further configured to transmit information indicating whether a kick is present to the surface.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a well system component configured to reduce excessive acoustic noise that would otherwise interfere with acoustic telemetry systems. Specifically, the well system component includes a body configured to be coupled to a pipe string, at least one lobe extending radially from the body, and a pad disposed on the at least one lobe and extending radially from an outer radial extent of the at least one lobe. The well system component can be installed at critical acoustic transmission locations, such as at the location of a hanger, at or near a flex joint in a wellhead installation, and/or at or near a rig floor or deck of an offshore rig.

Abstract: A fluid pressure pulse generator comprising a stator and rotor that can be used in measurement while drilling using mud pulse or pressure pulse telemetry is disclosed. The stator comprises a stator body with a circular opening therethrough and the rotor comprises a circular rotor body rotatably received in the circular opening of the stator body. One of the stator body or the rotor body comprises one or more than one fluid opening for flow of fluid therethrough and the other of the stator body or the rotor body comprises one or more than one full flow chamber. The rotor is rotatable between a full flow configuration whereby the full flow chamber and the fluid opening align so that fluid flows from the full flow chamber through the fluid opening, and a reduced flow configuration whereby the full flow chamber and the fluid opening are not aligned.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of mining machines, particularly to an unmanned intelligent mining machine. The unmanned intelligent mining machine comprises a cutting part body, a reciprocating telescoping device and a deployable flank cutting device, wherein the reciprocating telescoping device is used to drive a cutting drum to reciprocate back and forth, and the deployable flank cutting device can be deployed toward flanks of the cutting part body and cuts the orebody in the direction of the flanks. When the unmanned intelligent mining machine retreats, the deployable flank cutting device is deployed toward both sides of the cutting part body. After deployed, the deployable flank cutting device forms a certain angle with the longitudinal direction of the cutting part body, and can cut the orebodies on both sides simultaneously, forming a caving face on both sides of the roadway, and increasing the mining amount of unmanned intelligent mining machine.

Abstract: In an inclined layered solid-filling mining method in an ultrathick coal layer, tunnels and equipment are arranged according to a solid-filling mining method. An artificial roof for a lower layer is formed by metal meshes and bamboo fences of a first layer a solid-filling mining method. The method is repeated, until the entire ultrathick coal layer is finished. The method is repeated forming additional roofs for subsequent layers.

Abstract: A bladed reactor for pyrolysis of hydrocarbons comprises a rotor with blades that form an axial-flow blade cascade, a fixed torus-shaped hoop that adjoins the tips of the blades, and a housing that encloses the hoop and a rotor periphery so that a passage having a ring shape of its meridian section is formed. One or more partitions are installed in the passage, an inlet port is located directly after each partition while an outlet port is located directly in front of each partition. Nozzle vanes forming a nozzle cascade are installed upstream of the blade cascade, and diffusing vanes forming a diffusing cascade are installed downstream of the blade cascade. There is a vaneless space between the exit from the diffusing cascade and the entry into the nozzle cascade.

Abstract: The invention refers to a stationary gas turbine arrangement with at least one turbine stage that includes at least a first row of vanes being mounted at a stationary component arranged radially outside of the first row of vanes and extending radially into an annular entrance opening of the turbine stage facing a downstream end of a combustor. Further a method for performing maintenance work on a stationary gas turbine is described. The invention is characterized in that the stationary component provides for each vane a radially orientated through-hole designed and arranged for a radial insertion and removal of the vane, and each of said vanes comprises an airfoil having at its one end directed radially outwards a contour being adapted to close the through-hole airtight by a detachable fixation means.

Abstract: A turbine engine blade removal apparatus with a pair of opposed outwardly biased blocks are positioned proximal a blade root and corresponding rotor disc slot between opposed axial faces of the subject first rotor disc and an adjoining second rotor disc. The blocks are outwardly biased in abutting contact with first and second rotor disc axial faces, aligning an aperture of a guide bushing with an exposed axial face of the blade root, the guide bushing coupled to at least the first block. A punch is inserted in the guide bushing aperture so that a punch tip is in abutting relationship with the blade root axial face. An impact tool drives an opposite impact end of the punch, causing the punch to direct a relative driving force on the blade root, separating the blade root from the corresponding rotor disc slot.

Abstract: In a part-fastening structure, one of respective threads of a first nut member for fastening a first part and a second nut member for fastening a second part, is a right-hand thread, and the other is a left-hand thread. The members are connected together by a connecting member against relative rotation. Thus, rotation of the first member in its loosening direction acts in a direction of fastening the second member via the connecting member, and rotation of the second member in its loosening direction acts in a direction of fastening the first member via the connecting member, so that looseness of both the members is prevented, while reducing the number of locking parts to minimize an increase in an axial dimension.

Abstract: A sealing ring configured to be pressed against a rotor disc of a turbine stage for an aircraft turbomachine, the ring including a plurality of anti-rotation pegs which prevent it from rotating in relation to the rotor disc, each peg protruding axially from a ring body and including two opposite circumferential-end surfaces, respectively configured to be located facing two directly consecutive blades carried on the rotor disc. An axially opening slot passes radially through at least one of the anti-rotation pegs.

Abstract: A turbine blade includes an airfoil and a shroud coupled to a tip of the airfoil. The shroud includes a mid portion positioned directly above the tip of the airfoil. The mid portion includes a ramped radially outer surface extending from a first edge to a second edge in the direction from a pressure side toward a suction side of the airfoil, the second edge being positioned further radially inward than the first edge. In a first aspect, the shroud may include a curved pressure side portion positioned upstream of the pressure side of the airfoil, the pressure side portion being curved radially inward. In a second aspect, the shroud may include a curved suction side portion positioned downstream of the suction side of the airfoil, the suction side portion being curved radially outward.

Abstract: The present invention is a turbojet design that integrates power generation into the turbojet itself, rather than use separate generators attached to the turbojet for power generation. By integrating the power generation within the jet engine, the weight of the overall system is significantly reduced, increasing system efficiency. Also, by integrating the power generating elements of the system within the air flow of the jet engine, the present invention can use the heat generated by the power generating elements (which is simply expelled waste heat in current designs) to increase the engine performance.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas turbocharger (1) having a turbine (2) which is provided with a variable turbine geometry (18) and/or a wastegate; and having an actuator (11) which is connected to the variable turbine geometry (18) and/or the wastegate via a coupling rod (14; 14?; 14?). The coupling rod (14; 14?) is connected at its end regions (21, 22) at one side to the actuator (11) and at the other side to a pin (19) of an adjusting shaft arrangement (23; 26) of the variable turbine geometry (18) and/or of the wastegate. The pin (19) of the adjusting shaft arrangement (23; 26) is in the form of a bayonet pin, and that end region (22) of the coupling rod (14) which interacts with the pin (19) is in the form of a bayonet receptacle (24; 27) which is matched to the bayonet pin (19).

Abstract: A method for operating a rotary machine with a rotor that is mounted in a bearing is provided. The rotor is subjected to a thrust that acts substantially in only an axial direction during the operating time. The thrust is received and dissipated by a first thrust bearing of the bearing via sliding means, the bearing having a second thrust bearing. The axial vibrations of the rotor are damped or completely prevented by means of the second thrust bearing generating a force that acts on the first thrust bearing in the direction of the thrust at least temporarily at the same time as the thrust occurs.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas turbocharger (1) having a compressor (2) which has a compressor wheel (3) in a compressor housing (4); a turbine (5) which has a turbine wheel (6) in a turbine housing (7); and a bearing housing (8) which holds a stationary bearing bush (9) for a rotor shaft (10) and which has, at the compressor side, a bearing housing cover (11). The bearing bush (9) is provided with axial bearing surfaces (12, 13) and is fixed in the bearing housing (8) in a non-positively locking fashion.

Abstract: A bearing damping system includes a pump configured to pump a fluid. The system further includes a variable position valve having a plurality of open positions each configured to generate different pressures in the fluid downstream from the variable position valve. The system also includes a bearing assembly. The bearing assembly includes a bearing housing. The bearing assembly also includes a stationary bearing race positioned within the bearing housing. The bearing assembly also includes a rotating bearing race spaced apart from the stationary bearing race and configured to be attached to a rotating component. A bearing element is disposed between the stationary bearing race and the bearing housing. A fluid compartment is defined by the space between the bearing housing and the stationary race and is configured to receive the fluid from the second conduit.

Abstract: A turbocharger includes a semi-floating metal. The semi-floating metal is provided with a supply opening configured to supply oil to an inner bearing section. The turbocharger is provided with: an oil supply path which extends from inside of a bearing housing to the supply opening, and feeds the oil to be supplied to the inner bearing section; a removal section which changes a flowing direction of the oil supplied from an upstream side to separate minute foreign matter in the oil; and a conveyance path and a retaining region which collect the minute foreign matter separated by the removal section so as to prevent the minute foreign matter from mixing again with the oil flowing toward the supply opening.

Abstract: An article for mixing ambient fluid with a motive fluid comprises a conduit, and thermally conductive concentric inner and outer nozzles extending from the conduit. The conduit is configured to supply the motive fluid to the outer nozzle and the ambient fluid to the inner nozzle. The inner nozzle extends further downstream from the conduit than the outer nozzle.

Abstract: A counter plate for a turbo machine, including: a first external surface and a second external surface, which are substantially parallel; the first external surface of the counter plate creates a continuous ring or continuous ring segment and includes a first series of holes through which fasteners can pass; the second external surface of the counter plate including a plurality of surfaces for supporting heads of the fasteners, the support surfaces including a second series of holes, positioned facing the first series of holes, so that the fasteners can pass through the holes in the counter plate.

Abstract: A borescope plug configuration is disclosed. The borescope plug configuration comprises an inspection path defined through a bore in a first engine structure, a second engine structure, and an opening into the gas path of an engine. The borescope plug configuration further comprises a removable plug for sealing the inspection path. The removable plug is adapted to couple the first engine structure to the second engine structure.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes inner and outer shrouds forming an annular gas path, and a plurality of struts connecting the inner shroud to the outer shroud. Airfoil shaped shields surround the struts, and each of the shields include a main body having an upstream leading edge defining a chordal axis extending in a downstream axial direction from the leading edge toward a downstream end of the shield. A trailing edge flap is located at the downstream end of each shield, the trailing edge flap including first and second span-wise portions. The first span-wise portion is oriented to direct flow at an angle relative to the chordal axis of the main body and the second span-wise portion is oriented to direct flow in a direction that is at a different angle than the angle of first span-wise portion.

Abstract: An auxiliary steam generator system for a power plant, comprising a water-steam circuit, which has a condensate line and a feed-water line, wherein a condensate pump is connected in the condensate line and a feed-water pump is connected in the feed-water line, and wherein a pressure accumulating vessel is connected between the condensate pump and the feed-water pump, and wherein a feed-water take-off line is connected to the water-steam circuit at a branch-off point after the pressure accumulating vessel is provided. The feed-water take-off line is connected to the pressure accumulating vessel and a heating device is connected in the feed-water take-off line.

Abstract: The invention provides an exhaust heat utilization device for a combustion engine with an exhaust heat utilization circuit, in which a working medium circulates. An evaporator is arranged in the exhaust heat utilization circuit for evaporating the working medium, which can be supplied with exhaust gas of the combustion engine, with an expansion machine arranged in the exhaust heat utilization circuit downstream of the evaporator for expanding the working medium. A condenser is arranged in the exhaust heat utilization circuit downstream of the expansion machine for condensing the working medium. A delivery device is arranged in the exhaust heat utilization circuit downstream of the condenser for driving the working medium in the exhaust heat utilization circuit and with a heat storage unit. The device is given an improved functionality when the heat storage unit is incorporated in the exhaust heat utilization circuit and can be supplied with working medium.

Abstract: An apparatus for generation of energy through organic Rankine cycle comprises a heat exchanger (3) to exchange heat between a high temperature source and an organic working fluid, so as to heat and evaporate said working fluid, an expansion turbine (4) of the radial-outflow type, fed with the vaporized working fluid outflowing from the heat exchanger (3), to make a conversion of the thermal energy present in the working fluid into mechanical energy according to a Rankine cycle, a condenser (6) where the working fluid outflowing from the turbine (4) is condensed and sent to a pump (2) and then fed to the heat exchanger (3).

Abstract: A variable valve lift system includes a camshaft, a high lift cam, a low lift cam, a valve lift apparatus including a high lift body driven by the high lift cam, a low lift body driven by the low lift cam, and a first coupling part to selectively couple the high lift body and the low lift body, a valve provided at one end of the low lift body and opened and closed by the low lift body, a hydraulic lash adjuster including an adjuster housing installed in a cylinder head, an adjust unit to support the other end of the low lift body, slidably provided within the adjuster housing, and to adjust clearance of the valve, and a second coupling part to selectively couple the adjust unit and the adjuster housing, and a hydraulic pressure supply unit to selectively supply hydraulic pressure to the first and second coupling parts.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved variable cam phaser for an automobile engine equipped with a controller capable of enabling execution of a given phase angle varying command in a shortened response time. The variable cam phaser has two control rotors which are arranged coaxial with a camshaft and rotatable relative to each other under the influence of two electromagnetic actuators and driven by the crankshaft of the engine. The variable cam phaser also has a relative phase angle varying mechanism for varying the relative phase angle of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft. When the two electromagnetic actuators are simultaneously energized, the two control rotors are held mutually unrotatable. However, when the braking torque of one actuator is reduced, the control rotor associated with that actuator is rotated relative to the other control rotor to immediately start the execution of the command.

Abstract: A valve train layout structure may include a non-control camshaft adapted to not vary opening/closing timing of a valve, a control camshaft including an outer shaft, a first cam, an inner shaft rotatably inserted in the outer shaft, and a second cam fixed to the inner shaft and adapted to vary opening/closing timing of at least one of a valve activated by the first cam and a valve activated by the second cam by varying a phase between the first cam and the second cam, and a cam phaser including a rotor and a stator n which one of the rotor or the stator may be operatively connected to the outer shaft and the other of the rotor or the stator may be operatively connected to the inner shaft such that the cam phaser can vary the phase between the first cam and the second cam.

Abstract: A valve timing control having a stator body constructed of a plastic material. The stator body has an annular side wall and a front plate which, together, define a plurality of annularly spaced internal cavities within the stator body. A rotor having a plurality of vanes is positioned within the stator body so that one vane is positioned within each cavity. The rotor is movable relative to the stator body between a first and second rotational position. A plurality of threaded metal inserts are embedded within the stator body and used to attach a metal sprocket to the stator body at a position opposed to the front plate. Two of these inserts also receive the impact load from the rotor.

Abstract: A control device controls a valve timing changer to retard a phase of an exhaust valve camshaft with respect to a crankshaft such that the time of opening of an intake valve is earlier than the time of closing the exhaust valve after a top dead center, when a determiner determines that an engine is not in a warm-up stage in a low-load operation. The control device controls the valve timing changer to advance the phase of the exhaust valve camshaft with respect to the crankshaft such that the time of closing the exhaust valve is earlier than the time of opening of the intake valve after the top dead center, when the determiner determines that the engine is at the warm-up stage in the low-load operation.

Abstract: A method for ensuring a good ring seal is for use in assembling a new engine or rebuilding an engine. The method comprises in each aspect use of a start-up lubricating composition comprised of a powder blend of (a) molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide or a mixture thereof, (b) boron nitride, and (c) an inorganic fluoride, all suspended in a carrier fluid.

Abstract: An exhaust gas system includes an exhaust gas pipe with an integrated evaporator. In order to make the evaporator independent of the site of installation and the mounting position, a capillary structure is arranged between the outer sleeve pipe and the exhaust gas pipe. For increasing the efficiency of the evaporator, vapor grooves are provided in an area of an outer sheath surface of the exhaust gas pipe and fluid grooves are provided in an area of an inner mantle surface of the sleeve pipe.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to vehicles with reduced emissions. More particularly, this disclosure relates to systems, methods, and apparatuses related to vehicles with reduced carbon dioxide emissions. The carbon dioxide emissions may be stored in a carbon dioxide clathrate.