Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising an ethylene-based polymer, formed from a high pressure, free-radical polymerization, and wherein the ethylene-based polymer has the following properties: a) a CO content from “greater than 0” to less than 10 weight percent CO (carbon monoxide), based on the weight of the polymer; and b) a melt index (I2) from 3 to 30 g/10 min.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an aqueous dispersion capable of forming a coating film that has excellent adhesion to a substrate and excellent water resistance. The aqueous dispersion of the present invention includes fluorine-containing composite polymer particles of a polymer (A) with a repeating unit of vinylidene fluoride and a polymer (B) with a repeating unit of at least one acrylic monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid, and methacrylic acid esters, the dispersion having an acid value of at least 3 mgKOH/g.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mono coating film type waterborne coating composition comprising halogen free polyolefin resin, acryl polyol, acryl emulsion, and a solvent. According to the present invention, adhesion to a polyolefin substrate is excellent, and physical/chemical properties may be maintained with a single coating film instead of the currently used dual coating films, by a halogen free waterborne composition with physical/chemical properties similar to or more excellent than the existing oil coating or halogen-containing coating composition. Since these effects may be sufficiently obtained with a single coating film, consumption of coating may be reduced about 30˜40% compared to the existing method, and particularly, cost reduction may be expected through decrease in equipment required for dual coating film, energy for drying coating film, attractive force of coating, productivity increase, and the like.

Abstract: A method of making a coating composition includes selecting a temperature adjuster from a plurality of temperature adjusters based on an ambient temperature at which application of the coating composition is to occur. The temperature adjuster contains a resin and a solvent. The resin, the solvent, and/or amounts of the resin and the solvent are based on the ambient temperature. The temperature adjuster contains no less than about 1% solids and has no more than a predetermined VOC content. A paint is combined with the temperature adjuster. The paint contains a resin and a solvent and has no more than the predetermined VOC content. The temperature adjuster and the paint are mixed to form the coating composition, wherein the coating composition has no more than the predetermined VOC content.

Abstract: An object with a coating comprising: a) covalent bonds formed by reaction of a thiol group and a carbon-carbon double bond, b) covalent bonds formed by reaction of a thiol group and epoxide group, c) covalent bonds formed by a reaction of a carbon-carbon double bond and an epoxide group, said coating comprising a first primer coating and a second coating, said coating comprising covalent bonds between said first and second coatings, said first primer coating comprising covalent cross links between compounds, in the first coating the fraction (r3=ta/tc) of unreacted thiol groups (ta) to thiol groups which have reacted to form a covalent bond (tc) does not exceed 0.11, wherein the half height peak width of tan delta does not exceed 30° C. Advantages of the dual cure composition is that excellent strength is obtained and that the second curing is slow compared to the first initial curing.

Abstract: A flattening film forming composition for a hard disk that can prevent a magnetic material from migrating to the nonmagnetic layer, including a photopolymerizable coating material containing at least one polymer selected from a homopolymer that has a divinyl aromatic compound-derived unit structure and a copolymer having the unit structure or containing a mixture of the polymer and a photopolymerizable compound. The photopolymerizable compound may include an acrylate group, a methacrylate group, or a vinyl group. The polymer may be a copolymer further containing an addition polymerizable compound as a component to be copolymerized. A method for producing a hard disk, including: a first step of forming projections and recesses on a magnetic body; a second step of coating the projections and recesses with the flattening film forming composition; and a third step of flattening the coating by means of etching and exposing a surface of the magnetic body.

Abstract: A waterborne coating composition includes an aqueous polyurethane resin, a reactive silicone component, and a crosslinker. The aqueous polyurethane resin can have urethane linkages, hydrazinecarboxamide linkages, and reactive hydrazide functional groups. The polyurethane resin can have a glass transition temperature of less than 25° C. Methods of preparing waterborne coating compositions and substrates at least partially coated with waterborne coating compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for decreasing the vapour permeability of a water and air barrier treated substrate that includes treating the substrate with a liquid applied, vapour permeable air and water barrier coating composition comprising a cross-linked polysiloxane dispersion composition.

Abstract: An adhesive sheet 10 wound into a roll includes: a long release film 11; an adhesive layer 12 provided in a label form on the release film 11; and a pressure-sensitive adhesive film 13 having a label part 13a covering the adhesive layer 12 and provided so as to be in contact with the release film 11 around the adhesive layer 12 and a peripheral part 13b surrounding an outside of the label part 13a, wherein a through hole 14 penetrating the release film 11 is provided in a place including a portion corresponding to an outside of a part 15 of the adhesive layer 12 intended to be attached to an adherend and an inside of the label part 13a.

Abstract: A raw elastomeric composition in free-flowing pellet form is described, which comprises a raw elastomer with molecular weight from 50,000 to 400,000 Da, and an anti-block agent comprising inorganic fillers, capable of forming emulsions in water. Likewise, a process for obtaining said raw elastomeric compositions in free-flowing pellet form, comprising the steps of: a) polymerizing at least one monomer through solution polymerization in order to obtain elastomer crumb; b) forming an aqueous suspension of the elastomer crumbs; c) dewatering the aqueous suspension; d) adding an anti-block agent comprising inorganic fillers capable of forming emulsions in water; e) drying the dewatered suspension; and f) pelletizing the elastomer to form a raw elastomeric composition in free-flowing pellets form. The raw elastomeric composition in free-flowing pellets form thus obtained can be used as an adhesive composition, in asphalt modification and in asphalt emulsions.

Abstract: A raw elastomeric composition in free-flowing pellet form is described, which comprises a raw elastomer with molecular weight from 50,000 to 400,000 Da, and an anti-block agent comprising inorganic fillers, capable of forming emulsions in water. Likewise, a process for obtaining said raw elastomeric compositions in free-flowing pellet form, comprising the steps of: a) polymerizing at least one monomer through solution polymerization in order to obtain elastomer crumb; b) forming an aqueous suspension of the elastomer crumbs; c) dewatering the aqueous suspension; d) adding an anti-block agent comprising inorganic fillers capable of forming emulsions in water; e) drying the dewatered suspension; and f) pelletizing the elastomer to form a raw elastomeric composition in free-flowing pellets form. The raw elastomeric composition in free-flowing pellets form thus obtained can be used as an adhesive composition, in asphalt modification and in asphalt emulsions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a combination of hydrofluoroolefins and/or hydrochlorofluoroolefins with stabilizers wherein the stabilizers minimize the degradation of the hydrofluoroolefins and hydrochlorofluoroolefins during storage, handling and use yet allow for atmospheric degradation. The combinations exhibit low or zero ozone depletion potential and lower global warming potential making them of interest as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons. The combinations of the present invention comprise hydrofluoroolefins and/or hydrochlorofluoroolefins in combination with a stabilizer or stabilizers selected from free radical scavengers, acid scavengers, oxygen scavengers, polymerization inhibitors and combinations thereof.

Abstract: A non-flammable refrigerant mixture is disclosed. The non-flammable refrigerant mixture consists essentially of (a) from 20 weight percent to 25.5 weight percent HFO-1234yf, (b) from 20 weight percent to 24.5 weight percent HFC-32, (c) from 24.5 weight percent to 30 weight percent HFC-125 (d) from 25.5 weight percent to 30 weight percent HFC-134a, and (e) from about 0.0001 weight percent to 10 weight percent trans-HFO-1234ze. These refrigerant mixtures are useful as components in compositions also containing non-refrigerant components (e.g. lubricants), in processes to produce cooling, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-404A or R-507, and in refrigeration apparatus.

Abstract: Aqueous and substantially anhydrous fluids having particularly low thermal conductivities and variable densities are disclosed. The fluids include: one or more organic and/or inorganic salts and at least one aprotic polar organic solvent, a mixture of aprotic and protic polar organic solvents, and/or a polar organic solvent having both protic and aprotic polar functional group linkages. The fluids optionally include one or more viscosifying agents and are free of cross-linking agents. Methods for formulating and using the fluids are also disclosed.

Abstract: A description is given of a two-component mortar composition having a curable resin component having a content of at least one free-radically polymerizable resin, fillers, accelerators, stabilizers and optionally further conventional mortar constituents and a hardener component which is arranged separately therefrom to inhibit reaction and has a content of at least one peroxide for chemical fastening of anchoring means in boreholes, which is characterized in that the resin component contains from 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of at least one accelerator and from 0.003 to 0.03% by weight of at least one stabilizer and the hardener component contains from 0.1 to 0.35% by weight of organic peroxide, in each case based on the total weight of resin component and hardener component, and also the use of this two-component mortar composition for chemical fastening of anchoring means in boreholes.

Abstract: An aqueous slurry composition for use in industries such as petroleum and pipeline industries that includes: a particulate, an aqueous carrier fluid, a chemical compound that renders the particulate surface hydrophobic, and a small amount of an oil. The slurry is produced by rendering the surface of the particulate hydrophobic during or before the making of the slurry. The addition of the oil greatly enhances the aggregation potential of the hydrophobically modified particulates once placed in the well bore.

Abstract: Provided is an organic electroluminescence device having high luminous efficiency, high heat resistance and an extremely long lifetime. The organic electroluminescence device of the present invention includes an organic thin film layer composed of one or more layers containing at least a light emitting layer is interposed between a cathode and an anode. The light emitting layer includes a compound containing a condensed ring and a luminescent metal complex capable of emitting light having a red-based color. It is preferable that the compound containing a condensed ring includes a host material, while the luminescent metal complex capable of emitting light having a red-based color includes a phosphorescent dopant.

Abstract: A medical contrast agent made of microbubbles containing Au nanoclusters is provided. The shell of the microbubbles contains fluorescent Au nanocluster-albumin complex, and the core contains air or fluorocarbons. The method for preparing the microbubbles is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for the synthesis of OSL grade polycrystalline mass of ceramic materials with dopant C involving source ceramic material preferably in its readily available powder form comprising the steps of melting of the said ceramic material in graphite environment including a graphite crucible/container in vacuum; and obtaining there from polycrystalline aggregate by rapid solidification of said melt to thereby provide said polycrystalline mass of ceramic materials with dopant C of optically stimulated luminescence grade. The said powder form of the ceramic material is compacted and formed into pellets before subjecting to melting.

Abstract: A phosphor includes a host crystal including Sr3MgSi2O8 crystal and SrMgSiO4 crystal and also includes Eu2+, or Eu2+ and Mn2+ as luminescent centers. Alternatively, a phosphor includes a host crystal including Sr3MgSi2O8 crystal and SrMgSiO4 and also includes Eu2+ as a luminescent center, the phosphor being free from Mn2+ as a luminescent center. A light-emitting device includes a phosphor layer containing the phosphor. A projector and a vehicle include the light-emitting device.

Abstract: A silicon-containing phosphor for LED and its preparation method, and the devices incorporating the same. The phosphor in the present invention can be represented as AO.aSiO2.bAX2:mEu2+,nR3+, wherein A is at least one metal element selected from a group consisting of Sr, Ba, Ca, Mg, and Zn; X is at least one halogen element selected from a group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I; R is at least one element selected from a group consisting of Bi, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Gd, Tb, and Dy; 0.1<a<2, 0.005<b<0.08, 0.005<m<0.5, 0.005<n<0.5, and m+n<1. The phosphor has excellent luminescent performance and good stability, wide excitation band, and adjustable emission wavelength. White or color LED can be obtained by combining the phosphor of the present invention with UV, purple or blue light LED chip.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal compound having a large negative value of dielectric anisotropy (??). A compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, in formula (1), R1 and R2 are hydrogen, halogen or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, and in the alkyl, at least one of —CH2— may be replaced by —O—, at least one of —(CH2)2— may be replaced by —CH?CH—, and at least one of hydrogen may be replaced by halogen; ring A1 and ring A2 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1 is a single bond, —(CH2)2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —COO—, or —OCO—; Y is halogen, —CF3, —CF2H or —CH2F; and m, n and p are 0, 1 or 2, and a sum (m+n) of m and n is 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal medium which comprises a component A which consists of one or more compounds of the formula I in which the parameters have the respective meanings given in the claims or in the text, and to the corresponding, novel mesogenic compounds and to the preparation thereof. The present invention likewise relates to the use of these liquid-crystal media, in particular in components for high-frequency technology, and to components of this type which contain media according to the invention, and to the production and use of these components. The components according to the invention are suitable, in particular, as phase shifters in the microwave and millimeter wave region, for microwave and millimeter wave array antennae and very particularly for so-called tuneable “reflectarrays”.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound is provided that satisfies at least one physical properties such as high stability to ultraviolet light and heat, a high clearing point, low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds A liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition is also provided. The compound includes a compound represented by formula (1): wherein, Ra and Rb are alkyl; A1, A2 and A3 are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene; G is a divalent group represented by formula (pr-1) or (pr-2); wherein, Z1, Z2 and Z3 are a single bond or alkylene; and a and b are 0, 1, 2 or 3, and a sum of a and b is 4 or less.

Abstract: A method for upgrading coal and other carbonaceous fuels includes subjecting the carbonaceous fuel to a pyrolyzing process, thereby forming upgraded carbonaceous fuel and a flow of lean fuel gases. Auxiliary fuel is combusted in an auxiliary fuel combustor to produce auxiliary fuel combustion gases, and the lean fuel gases are heated with the auxiliary fuel combustion gases. The heated lean fuel gases are combusted in a lean fuel combustor, thereby producing a gas stream of products of combustion, and at least a portion of the gas stream of products of combustion are directed to the pyrolyzer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to improvements in the design of Fischer-Tropsch catalysts comprising a support and cobalt on the support.

Abstract: A method is provided involving reducing a pressure drop across a hydroprocessing reactor having a reactor feed and producing a hydroprocessing product, where the reactor feed includes a bio-oil feed and a hydrocarbon diluent; and the step of reducing the pressure drop comprises stopping or substantially reducing the bio-oil feed supplied to the reactor and supplying the hydrocarbon diluent to the reactor with a mass flux of at least about 1,000 lb/hr/ft2.

Abstract: Methods and fuel processing apparatuses for upgrading a pyrolysis oil stream and a hydrocarbon stream are provided herein. In an embodiment, a method for upgrading a pyrolysis oil stream and a hydrocarbon stream includes providing a pyrolysis oil stream and providing a hydrocarbon stream separate from the pyrolysis oil stream. The pyrolysis oil stream and the hydrocarbon stream are mixed in a mixing zone and in the absence of a particulate cracking catalyst. The pyrolysis oil stream and the hydrocarbon stream are introduced in a substantially common direction into the mixing zone to form a mixture of the pyrolysis oil stream and the hydrocarbon stream. The mixture of the pyrolysis oil stream and the hydrocarbon stream are catalytically cracked in the presence of the particulate cracking catalyst.

Abstract: Mercury in distilled products from a distillation column is removed and extracted as soluble mercury compounds with the injection of a complexing agent into the overhead sections of the column. Examples of complexing agents include polysulfides such as sodium polysulfide or ammonium polysulfide. In one embodiment, the complexing agent is injected into the inlet pipe just before the overhead condenser, converting the volatile elemental mercury into a species that is soluble in the sour water stream that collected in the overhead sections.

Abstract: The invention relates to hydrocarbon streams containing impurities such as carbon oxysulfides, to processes for upgrading the hydrocarbons by removing at least a portion of the impurities therefrom, to equipment useful in such processes, and to the use of upgraded hydrocarbons for, e.g., chemical manufacturing.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are scavenging compounds and compositions useful in applications relating to the production, transportation, storage, and separation of crude oil and natural gas. Also disclosed herein are methods of using the compounds and compositions as scavengers, particularly in applications relating to the production, transportation, storage, and separation of crude oil and natural gas.

Abstract: Methods are provided herein for co-processing of biocomponent feeds as well processing of mineral feeds in a reaction system at hydrogen partial pressures of about 500 psig (3.4 MPag) or less. The methods include using stacked beds of both CoMo and NiMo catalysts. The stacked catalyst beds provided unexpectedly high catalyst activity as the input feed to a reaction system was switched between a mineral feed and a feed containing both mineral and biocomponent portions. Additionally, use of stacked catalyst beds can allow for maintenance of the activity for the catalyst system in a reaction system while still achieving a desired activity for both types of feeds.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatuses and methods for treating mercaptans are provided. In one example, an apparatus comprises a vessel capable of receiving a feed stream that comprises liquid hydrocarbons and the mercaptans. The vessel comprises an extraction section that is capable of extracting a portion of the mercaptans from the feed stream to form a mercaptan-reduced, liquid hydrocarbon-containing stream. A catalyst bed section is capable of contacting the mercaptan-reduced, liquid hydrocarbon-containing stream with a catalyst in the presence of oxygen (O2) and caustic at reaction conditions effective to oxidize a remaining portion of the mercaptans and form a sweetened liquid hydrocarbon-containing stream.

Abstract: A hydroconversion process is disclosed, including contacting of hydrogen and a residuum hydrocarbon with a pre-conditioned and at least partially sulfided hydroconversion catalyst for converting at least a portion of the residuum hydrocarbon into at least one of a hydrotreated product and a hydrocracked product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydrocracking hydrocarbon feedstocks having 200 ppm by weight to 2% by weight of asphaltenes and/or more than 10 ppm by weight of metals, comprising a hydrodemetallation treatment in at least 2 switchable reaction zones, containing hydrodemetallation catalyst and optionally hydrodenitrification catalyst, then a hydrorefining treatment to lower the organic nitrogen content, followed by a fixed-bed hydrocracking treatment and a distillation step.

Abstract: Processes for co-processing renewable feedstock and petroleum distillate feed. The petroleum distillate feed is hydrotreated in a first reaction zone. The renewable feedstock is deoxygenated in a second reaction zone. The effluent stream from the two reaction zones are combined. A heavy portion of the combined effluent stream may be hydrocracked. Hydrogen sulfide may be removed from the effluent and used in the second reaction zone to maintain the catalyst during periods of non-processing.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel engineered fuel feed stocks, feed stocks produced by the described processes, and methods of making the fuel feed stocks. Components derived from processed MSW waste streams can be used to make such feed stocks which are substantially free of glass, metals, grit and noncombustibles. These feed stocks are useful for a variety of purposes including as gasification and combustion fuels.

Abstract: A process and a reactor for the of a carbonaceous feed. The reactor has a reactor chamber; steam generating heat exchange units; at least one steam drum; and recirculation lines for circulating water and steam between one or more of the heat exchange units and the steam drum. The steam drum further includes a steam feed line for transporting steam via a heat exchange unit and a superheated steam line to a superheated steam header. The superheated steam line is split into a return line leading to a heat exchange line through the steam drum, and a header feed line.

Abstract: A fuel gasification system including a gasification furnace including a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas for gasifying fuel charged into gasification gas and flammable solid content, a combustion furnace for combustion of the flammable solid content into which the flammable solid content produced in the furnace is introduced together with bed material and that includes a fluidized bed formed by fluidizing reactant gas, a material separator such as hot cyclone that separates bed material from exhaust gas introduced from the combustion furnace, the separated bed material being fed through a downcomer to the gasification furnace, and a tar decomposing mechanism that heats the gasification gas produced in the furnace to decompose tar contained in the gasification gas.

Abstract: Biological source oils, including, but not limited to, algae oil, stabilize the presence of asphaltenes in petroleum feedstocks, such as crude oil, to help avoid or prevent problematic issues caused by the asphaltenes, such as sludges, plugging, deposits, fouling and/or corrosion in the production, transferring and processing of the petroleum feedstocks. Chemical additives such as phenol-based resins, and reaction products or combinations of long chain alpha-olefins and/or small chain aldehydes and/or long chain alkyl phenate sulfides and/or metal oxide-based colloidal hydrocarbon-based nanodispersions, may also stabilize the presence of asphaltenes in petroleum feedstocks. By “stabilizing” is meant keeping the asphaltenes in solution in the petroleum feedstocks.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and system for processing natural gas and separating natural gas liquids into natural gasoline and a Y-grade liquid that meets specifications for low methane and ethane content. The process and system includes a side stripper and reboiler to separate methane and ethane from heavier hydrocarbons and a reboiler system to stabilize the natural gasoline.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biomass solid fuel obtained by steam exploding and then molding biomass into biomass blocks and then heating the biomass blocks, wherein the biomass solid fuel has a fuel ratio of 0.2 to 2.5, a dry-based higher heating value of 5,000 to 7,500 (kcal/kg), a molar ratio of oxygen O to carbon C (O/C) of 0.1 to 0.6, and a molar ratio of hydrogen H to carbon C (H/C) of 0.5 to 1.35.

Abstract: A diesel fuel additive package, diesel fuel containing the additive and methods for operating an engine on the diesel fuel and additive. The fuel additive includes a reaction product of (a) a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, and (b) an amine compound or salt thereof of the formula wherein R is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 15 carbon atoms, and R1 is selected from hydrogen and a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 1 to about 20 carbon atoms. The reaction product contains at least one amino triazole group. Component (2) of the additive is a hydrocarbyl succinimide dispersant. The additive also includes (3) a C2 to C10 alkyl alcohol; and (4) optionally, a lubricity additive. In the additive, a weight ratio of component (1) to component (2) in the fuel ranges from about 1:3 to about 1:5.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mixed ester of pentaerythritol or a mixed polyhydric alcohol and carboxylic acids; the mixed polyhydric alcohol consisting of pentaerythritol and dipentaerythritol represented by formula (I), and the carboxylic acids comprising 2-ethylhexanoic acid and 2-propylheptanoic acid. The mixed ester exhibits excellent properties (e.g., miscibility with a refrigerant that comprises fluoropropene, low-temperature fluidity, and lubricity) in a well-balanced manner while having the viscosity within the range required for a refrigerant oil, and may be used in an industrial lubricant (e.g., refrigerant oil) and the like.

Abstract: In a sliding member, a sliding surface of a substrate of fluorine rubber on which another member slides is covered with a coating that is formed of an epoxy resin having a scratch hardness (Pencil Method) after curing of F to 2H and in which fluorine resin powder is dispersed.

Abstract: Compositions comprise first antioxidants and first additives, such as, a surface additives, performance enhancing additives and lubricant protective additives and optionally second additives and/or second antioxidants. The compositions are useful to improve lubricants, lubricant oils and other lubricant materials. The compositions and methods generally provide longer shelf lives, increased oxidative resistance, improved quality and/or enhanced performance to lubricants or lubricant oils.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition having a sulfur content of up to about 0.4 wt. % and a sulfated ash content of up to about 0.5 wt. % as determined by ASTM D874 is disclosed which comprises (a) a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity; (b) at least one oil-soluble or dispersed oil-stable boron-containing compound having greater than 400 ppm of boron, based upon the total mass of the composition; and (c) at least one oil-soluble or dispersed oil-stable molybdenum-containing compound having at least about 1100 ppm of molybdenum, based upon the total mass of the composition; wherein the lubricating oil composition has a ratio of sulfur to molybdenum of less than or equal to about 4:1.

Abstract: A process for extraction of crude oil from distillers dried grain solubles and/or distillers dried grains and producing corn distillers meal that may be used as a livestock supplement is disclosed. For example, the corn distillers meal may be used as a crude protein supplement for use in a livestock feed diet or a poultry feed diet. The solvent extracted crude oil may be suitable for oleochemical processing for personal care and home care products, biodiesel production, and/or renewable diesel production from hydro-treating the extracted oil to make green diesel fuel.

Abstract: A candle segment comprising a portion of a layered candle. Said candle segment comprises a candle wick, a top surface, a bottom surface, and a height. Said candle segment comprises a one or more protruding studs and a one or more stud cavities. Said one or more protruding studs and said one or more stud cavities are on opposite sides of said candle segment at said top surface and said bottom surface.

Abstract: An aqueous liquid detergent is proposed, containing a surfactant and optionally additional conventional constituents, said agent containing sulfoethyl cellulose having a substitution rate of 0.3 to 0.9 and/or the salt thereof.