Abstract: There is a vehicle power transmission device in which a continuously variable transmission and a gear train are provided between an input shaft and an output shaft so as to be able to transmit torque between the input shaft and the output shaft, the gear train has at least one speed ratio that cannot be set by the continuously variable transmission. In the vehicle power transmission device, a forward-reverse switching mechanism is arranged along the same axis as an axis of the input shaft, a first clutch mechanism and a brake mechanism are provided, a second clutch mechanism is provided in a first torque transmission path that is routed from the input shaft to the output shaft via the continuously variable transmission, a third clutch mechanism is provided in a second torque transmission path that is routed from the output element to the output shaft via the gear train.

Abstract: A two mode CVT is provided that for a motor vehicle. The CVT includes a speed change device connected to a pulley and belt assembly. The pulley and belt assembly is connected to a planetary gear set arrangement. The planetary gear set arrangement generally includes two planetary gear sets, two brakes, and one clutch. The planetary gear set arrangement is connected to a final drive unit.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a torque converter shell is provided to induce favorable residual stress in a direction of a loading condition to improve durability during cycle pressurization. The method includes inducing favorable residual stress on a front cover, an impeller shell, or both the front cover and the impeller shell to improve the durability of these components. The induced residual stresses reduce the stress experienced by these components during operation. The front cover and impeller shell are welded together to form the torque converter shell.

Abstract: A hydrokinetic torque converter includes an impeller, an axially displaceable turbine piston, and impeller and turbine-piston lockup clutch core plates. The impeller lockup clutch core plate is situated between the impeller shell and the turbine-piston shell, is connected to an impeller core ring, and has a first surface. The turbine-piston lockup clutch core plate is situated between the impeller shell and the turbine-piston shell, is connected to a turbine-piston core ring, and is axially displaceable with the turbine-piston to move a second surface of the turbine-piston lockup clutch core plate axially towards and away from the first surface for positioning the torque converter respectively into and out of a lockup mode in which the turbine-piston is mechanically interlocked to the impeller.

Abstract: A hollow-type strain wave gearing unit has a cup-shaped flexible externally-toothed gear, in which one shaft end portion of a hollow rotation shaft of a wave generator is located. The shaft end portion is supported by a bearing mounted on a bearing holder fixed to a boss of the flexible externally-toothed gear. The bearing holder has a retainer holding portion to prevent a retainer of a wave generator bearing from coming off in the axis line direction. There is no need to dispose a retainer holding plate of the wave generator bearing inside the flexible externally-toothed gear, whereby the axial length of the hollow-type strain wave gearing unit can be reduced.

Abstract: A geared architecture for a gas turbine engine according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a fan shaft and a frame which supports the fan shaft, the frame defines a frame stiffness. A plurality of gears drives the fan shaft. A flexible support at least partially supports the plurality of gears, the flexible support defines a flexible support stiffness that is less than the frame stiffness. An input coupling to the plurality of gears, the input coupling defines an input coupling stiffness with respect to the frame stiffness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transfer gear having an input shaft, a first output shaft, a second output shaft, and a torque transmission device which has a clutch in order to distribute a drive torque introduced via the input shaft selectively to the first output shaft and the second output shaft, wherein a drive acts between the torque transmission device and the second output shaft, and wherein an oil reservoir is provided for collecting the lubricating oil.

Abstract: An epyciclic transmission has a sun gear rotational about a transmission axis, a plurality of planet wheels meshing with the sun gear, and a carrier which supports the planet wheels and is rotational about the transmission axis; the transmission also has a lubricating system provided with at least one nozzle arranged in fixed position, with a collection channel fixed with respect to the carrier and configured to receive a jet of oil exiting from the nozzle, and with at least one pump having a casing fixed to the carrier; the pump is actuated by means of a transmission device in response to the rotation of the carrier to pump the oil from the collection channel to zones on the carrier which require lubrication.

Abstract: A hydraulic control unit is provided. A valve is comprised of a piston having a valve element, a cylinder holding the piston while allowing to reciprocate axially, a positive pressure chamber formed on one side of the piston to which pressure to open the valve is applied, a back pressure chamber formed on the other side of the piston to which the pressure to close the valve is applied, and a connection passage for differentiating pressures in the positive pressure chamber and the back pressure chamber. A pilot valve selectively connects the back pressure chamber with a site where the pressure is lower than that of the back pressure chamber. Hydraulic pressure lower than that applied to positive pressure chamber is applied to a low pressure section.

Abstract: A gear change control device is provided in which a feedback control level for making an actual gear ratio between input rotational speed and output rotational speed of a transmission coincide with a target gear ratio is calculated. A control level calculation device calculates the feedback control level based on a deviation of acceleration of change in the actual gear ratio with respect to acceleration of change in the target gear ratio thereby making it possible to enhance the control responsiveness compared with a case in which the feedback control level is calculated based on the deviation of the actual gear ratio with respect to the target gear ratio, and also to detect the occurrence of a deviation of the actual value from the target value at early stage and carry out feedback, thus enabling gear change control to be carried out more linearly than in a conventional manner.

Abstract: A hydrostatic travel drive includes a hydraulic pump that is arranged in a hydraulic circuit with two pairs of hydraulic motors. To prevent a pressure build-up between the hydraulic motors of a hydraulic motor pair on steering while stationary, a valve device is configured to set a pressure relief to a working line or to low pressure. A mobile device includes the hydrostatic travel drive.

Abstract: A system/method for shift restraint control and controlling a transmission input speed or an engine output speed. An automobile may include an acceleration input, a throttle unit, an engine, a torque converter, a transmission, and an electronic control unit (ECU), and a plurality of sensors. The ECU may reduce inertia loss, engine noise, and non-linear acceleration feeling by controlling the engine speed or transmission input speed in an initial shift mode, an inertia hold mode, a return mode, and/or a second shift mode. Drive force is maintained with throttle compensation, and fuel economy is maintained or improved due to the reduction in inertia loss. The ECU may limit an initial downshift using a maximum guard value and subsequently control a rate of increase of the transmission input speed or engine output speed using increments until a target is reached or a cancel condition is met.

Abstract: Receiving sensor data related to position of a gear in a transmission, the sensor data including data from a first sensor and data from a second sensor; determining a first indicated position of the gear from the data from the first sensor; determining a second indicated position of the gear from the data from the second sensor; comparing the first indicated position to the second indicated position; and determining based on the comparison a gear engagement status of the gear.

Abstract: A piston for a die-casting machine, in particular with a cold chamber, comprises a stem which extends from a proximal end to a distal end along a piston axis and a piston head which extends from the distal end of the stem and which has a side wall with at least one sealing area suitable to form a seal on the wall of said container of the press. A lubrication circuit suitable for favoring the sliding of the piston comprises first lubrication ducts made in the stem and ending at the distal end of said stem, and second ducts made in the piston head, fluidically communicating with said first ducts and coming out in the lateral wall at least in correspondence with said sealed area.

Abstract: A substantially air-tight triple seal arrangement along a seam between first and second tool segments comprises inner, middle and outer seals forming first and second substantially air tight vacuum chambers.

Abstract: A method includes rotating a first elongated, inlet-side member of an air valve toward an open configuration when a fan blade is rotating and rotating the first inlet-side member to toward a closed configuration when the fan blade is not rotating. The air valve includes a frame and a sheet of thin material. The frame may have an outlet-side member configured to be mounted on a fan housing and the inlet-side member rotatably coupled to the outlet-side member. The material may have top and bottom edges, and a plurality of folds perpendicular to the top and bottom side edges that divide the sheet into a plurality of sections. The material may be attached to the outlet-side member and the inlet-side member, and configurable between folded and expanded positions.

Abstract: An adjust screw is inserted into a receiving hole of a sleeve to adjust and maintain a set load of the spring in a state where a male-threaded portion of the adjust screw is engaged with a female-threaded portion of the sleeve. One or more wall sections of the sleeve is plastically deformed in a radially inward direction and is pressed against a predetermined portion of an outer peripheral surface of the adjust screw, which is other than the male-threaded portion, to limit rotation of the adjust screw.

Abstract: There is provided a flow passage switching valve that can individually perform the flow control of flow passages of a system including a plurality of flow passages while reducing the number of parts. A first flow passage in which a first inlet and a first outlet formed at a valve body communicate with each other through communication holes of a cylindrical valve element portion of a valve element and a second flow passage in which a second inlet and a second outlet communicate with each other through the communication holes of the cylindrical valve element portion are switched according to a change of a rotational position of the valve element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for self-calibrating control of gas flow. The gas flow rate is initially set by controlling, to a high degree of precision, the amount of opening of a flow restriction, where the design of the apparatus containing the flow restriction lends itself to achieving high precision. The gas flow rate is then measured by a pressure rate-of-drop upstream of the flow restriction, and the amount of flow restriction opening is adjusted, if need be, to obtain exactly the desired flow.

Abstract: A novel valve assembly is provided. In one embodiment, the valve assembly includes a seat plate that includes a fluid conduit and an impact bushing that is coupled to the seat plate at a position adjacent to the fluid conduit. The valve assembly also includes a sealing assembly that is configured to form a seal with the impact bushing and to control flow of a fluid through the fluid conduit via relative displacement of the sealing assembly from the impact bushing. Systems and methods related to such a valve assembly are also disclosed. Data supplied from the esp@cenet database-Worldwide.

Abstract: The invention is an electromagnetic actuator with a magnet coil arranged in a housing and with an armature plate, which is movable by energization of the magnet coil in an armature plate space in the direction of a front end of the housing and which is connected to an armature plunger, which at one end is guided through the housing and protrudes into a control space; according to the invention the armature plate is formed with at least one axial pressure compensation bore so as to produce pressure compensation between the armature plate space and the control space, and the housing has at least one bearing with at least one axial groove, in which the armature plunger is mounted movably.

Abstract: A valve assembly includes a valve body with an interior cavity and a primary supply port, a secondary supply port, a control port, and an exhaust port each extending to the interior cavity. An armature assembly is configured to move within the interior cavity from a first position to a second position when the coil is energized. A regulator body is operatively connected to the valve body and has an exhaust passage positioned at the exhaust port. A regulator valve in the regulator body is configured to prevent flow out of the exhaust passage when fluid pressure on the regulator valve is at or below a pilot pressure and permit flow out of the exhaust passage when fluid pressure on the regulator valve is greater than the pilot pressure. The valve body is configured to provide fluid from the secondary supply port to the control port.

Abstract: Provided is a brake hydraulic device for a vehicle, including: a base body having a hydraulic pressure path for brake fluid formed therein; an electromagnetic valve which opens and closes the hydraulic pressure path; an electromagnetic coil which drives the electromagnetic valve; and a housing attached to the outer surface of the base body and having a housing chamber for accommodating the electromagnetic valve and the electromagnetic coil. The housing includes a peripheral wall part having openings formed on a front side and a rear side thereof, and an intermediate wall part partitioning a space inside the peripheral wall part into a front side and a rear side. The housing chamber is provided on the rear side of the intermediate wall part, and recessed portions and a projecting portion is formed on a front surface of the intermediate wall part.

Abstract: An outlet shutoff valve where pressing surfaces, which press against each other, of a valve member and a valve seat are tilted relative to the vertical direction and where a drive shaft can be driven in a direction tilted relative to the vertical direction. In the outlet shutoff valve, the pressing surfaces are set high on the upstream side of gas flowing in a flow-path-forming pressure chamber, where the gas flows, and low on the downstream side.

Abstract: A piston is configured by a piston body and a support such that the piston is divided, along a direction of axis line, into the piston body, which is formed integrally with a valve element, and the support, which is provided separately from the valve element. A piston ring, which slides along a body, is held between the piston body and the support. The piston body is constantly in contact with one side face of the piston ring, and the support is constantly in contact with the other side face of the piston ring.

Abstract: A detent mechanism that increases a holding force for a valve member having two switch positions includes a ring shaped housing groove and an annular elevated portion. A ring shaped detent member made of a material having rubber elasticity is housed in the housing groove. The housing groove includes right and left groove side walls which extend in parallel to each other, and a groove bottom wall. The detent member includes right and left side walls which face the groove side walls of the housing groove and a protruding portion which extends from the housing groove. A locking section which elastically locks the protruding portion of the detent member in the two switch positions is formed at both axial ends of the elevated portion.

Abstract: A valve operating device includes a mounting for attachment to a vehicle and an elongate arm, the free end of which is only moveable across the underlying ground. The joints of the arm pivot around vertical axes and the arm is locked into a desired orientation by a brake at each joint. A valve turning machine is at the free end of the arm. The brakes are engaged and released by a control on the valve turning machine.

Abstract: A flow rate control device is provided with a flow rate adjustment indication device for operating the displacement of a needle valve relative to a flow passage. The flow rate adjustment indication device is provided with a housing, a rotation transmission member which displaces the needle valve by rotational operation, and an annularly shaped indication ring which has a hole through which the rotation transmission member is inserted. The indication ring has graduations which indicate a change in the flow rate of liquid. The engagement of the engagement section of the needle valve displaces the indication ring in the circumferential direction and changes the position of the graduations.

Abstract: A self-propelled underwater vehicle for underground laying a continuous elongated member in a bed of a body of water having a work assembly, which is configured to be set, at least partly, into the bed, and is provided with two facing supporting walls for delimiting a space there-between and supporting two opposite scarp slopes; and drive assemblies, which are arranged on opposite sides of the work assembly and are configured to rest on the bed and advancing the work assembly in a travelling direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to an unbonded flexible pipe for subsea transportation of fluids. The pipe has a length and comprises a tubular inner sealing sheath defining a bore and an axis of the pipe. In a pipe length section it comprises a second sealing sheath surrounding the inner sealing sheath and forming an annulus between the inner sealing sheath and the second sealing sheath. The annulus provides a primary maintaining passage along the length of the pipe length section with a first and a second end. The pipe comprises at least one secondary maintaining passage along the length of the pipe with a first and a second end. The secondary maintaining passage is arranged with an axial distance which is larger than the axial distance of the inner sealing sheath.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses of joining a first pipe and a second pipe by injecting a pipe joining material into an interstitial space between abutting surfaces are provided. The methods and apparatuses may use a hollow fitting into which pipe ends may be inserted.

Abstract: A pipe coupling that clamps onto an area adjacent the ends of abutting pipes. The pipe coupling includes first and second clamp members, and a fastener. The first clamp member is hinged to the second clamp member. Both the first and second clamp members are configured to pivotally wrap around a pipe. Each of the first and second clamp members also includes an arched hub portion configured such that when each of the clamp members engages each other the arched hub portions form an arcuate hub. The fastener is configured to couple the arched hub portions together thereby preventing the clamp members from opening.

Abstract: In order to connect pressure piping while ensuring fluid-tightness without requiring welding at the installation site, the outer circumferential surface (4) of a flange joint (1) connects the face (2), on the side on which a pressure pipe (40) aligned on the center line (C) is inserted into a center hole (10), and the face (3), on the side another component is between the insertion-side face (2) and the other-component-connection face (3). The inner walls of vertical holes (6) are provided with a screw thread (6b), and between the face (2) and the face (3) these vertical holes run from the outer circumferential surface (4) to the inner circumferential surface (5) of the center hole (10) so as to intersect the horizontal holes (7).

Abstract: A system comprising a visual element for indicating the security of a pipe fitting and associated method. The visual element is configured to adhere to an outer surface of a pipe fitting and disjoin from the outer surface of the pipe fitting according to a set of disjoining criteria. The criteria comprises at least one of application of a sufficient force at the outer surface of the pipe fitting to form a fluid-tight seal between the pipe fitting and another pipe and a circumferential change of the visual element greater than a threshold amount of circumferential change. The visual element may be placed on a pipe fitting into which a pipe is inserted, and the connection between the pipe fitting and the pipe may be secured. Determination of whether the pipe fitting and the pipe are properly connected is performed based on monitoring of the visual element.

Abstract: An isolation device for use with a pressure vessel penetrator. The isolation device is formed from a high performance thermoplastic having low creep properties and includes a central cylindrical portion, a lower inner flange portion and, preferably, an upper outer flange portion. The cylindrical portion has an inner diameter adapted to receive an upper larger diameter portion of the penetrator. The lower inner flange portion is coupled to a lower portion of the central cylindrical portion and forms an aperture for receiving a lower smaller diameter portion of the penetrator. The upper outer flange portion is coupled to an upper portion of the central cylindrical portion and may include clocking apertures. The high performance thermoplastic may be 30% glass-filled PEEK or Torlon®. A custom tapered nut may be provided to secure the penetrator in an internal tapered recess of the pressure vessel.

Abstract: A locking quick connect assembly is provided for removably coupling a first tube and a second tube. A quick connect housing presents a central bore for receiving the second tube. A redundant latch component positionable between an unlocked position and a locked position may be provided to slidingly engage the quick connect housing. A twist lock retainer surrounds the quick connect housing and the redundant latch component. The redundant latch component includes an axially extending redundant latch retaining arm and the twist lock retainer includes a locking channel for receiving the redundant latch retaining arm. The twist lock retainer also includes a twist lock retaining arm that locks against a bead of the second tube to resists separation. The twist lock retaining arm extends perpendicularly to and radially inwardly of the locking channel to interleavingly engage the redundant latch retaining arm thus preventing unwanted decoupling of the assembly.

Abstract: An apparatus for minimizing rotation of a conduit has a housing that has a keyway and envelops the conduit. A gripper holds the conduit and opposes rotation of it. The gripper has a key for cooperating with the keyway such that the housing does not rotate about the gripper.

Abstract: A compensator (10) of an exhaust gas aftertreatment system has a flow inlet-side connection flange (13) for connecting a flow inlet-side assembly (11), a flow outlet-side connection flange (14) for connecting a flow outlet-side assembly (12), a connection pipe (18) which extends between the two connection flanges (13, 14) and which has a bellows-shaped pipe portion (19), and an exhaust gas aftertreatment assembly (21) extending inside the connection pipe (18). The exhaust gas aftertreatment assembly (21) protrudes relative to the flow inlet-side connection flange (13) and/or relative to the flow outlet-side connection flange (14) such that it extends into the flow inlet-side connection assembly (11) and/or into the flow outlet-side assembly (12).

Abstract: Concepts for segmented helical strakes are presented herein. In one embodiment, the segmented helical strake includes a fin segment. The fin segment includes a fin body having an interior surface defining a substantially hollow interior area. The fin segment further includes a receiving member formed along the interior surface, wherein the receiving member is dimensioned to secure the fin body to a fin core positioned around a tubular. A segmented strake according to one embodiment may include a fin segment having an interior surface defining a substantially hollow interior area and a receiving member formed within the interior area. The segmented strake may further include a fin core positioned within the receiving member.

Abstract: An apparatus that accelerates curing of resin in a liner for a buried pipe includes a lining assembly connected to a pressurized fluid source. One embodiment includes an inversion cap having an inversion port, a curing port and a drainage port. The apparatus also includes a manifold having an outlet, a first inlet in valved fluid communication with a heated fluid source, a second inlet in valved fluid communication with a pressurized fluid source and a third inlet in valved fluid communication with the drainage port. While heated fluid enters the first end of the assembly via the manifold, a release fitting which allows fluids to escape through the second end thereof.

Abstract: A box protector 21 for protecting the inner surface of a box 11 of a threaded joint for pipes having a female threaded portion and a shoulder surface 14 with the shoulder surface being sloped by an angle ? with respect to the direction perpendicular to the pipe axis has a male threaded portion 22 which threadingly engages with at least a portion of the complete threads of the female threaded portion of the box and a shoulder surface 21b which sealingly contacts the shoulder surface 14 of the box to form a first seal portion, and the shoulder surface 21b is sloped by an angle ?P (?P>?) with respect to the direction perpendicular to the pipe axis. The protector has a circumferential groove 30 in its outer peripheral surface in the vicinity of the shoulder surface 21b and an elastic seal ring 28 which contacts the shoulder surface 14 of the box 11 and forms a second seal portion.

Abstract: Provided is a vacuum insulation panel comprising: a core material; and a shell material for covering the core material, wherein the shell has a layered structure comprising a surface protective layer, a metal barrier layer, and a thermal deposition layer from the outside, and the sealing strength of the vacuum insulation panel is 5-15 kgf. In addition, provided is a method for preparing the vacuum insulation panel, comprising the steps of: preparing the shell material by sequentially layering the thermal deposition layer, the metal barrier layer and the surface protective layer; inserting the core material between the shell material; reducing pressure and sealing the shell material so as to form a vacuum insulation panel; and heat treating the vacuum insulation panel, wherein the sealing strength of the vacuum insulation panel is 5-15 kgf.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vacuum insulation panel having excellent thermal insulation and cold retention performance using conventional glass fibers. The vacuum insulation panel employs annealed binderless glass fibers as a core material, thus ensuring superior thermal insulation performance and preventing out-gassing in a vacuum due to the absence of organic residues in the fibers, and thereby a vacuum level of the vacuum insulation panel can be maintained for a long period of time.

Abstract: A mounting device for multiple screens includes a first fixing member, a second fixing member, a third fixing member, and a linking assembly. The first fixing member and the second fixing member can pivot on opposite sides of the third fixing member. The third fixing member is fixed to a wall or other structure and the linking assembly couples the first fixing member and the second fixing member together across the third fixing member. The screens are mounted on the first, the second, and the third fixing members. When one of the first fixing member or the second fixing member is rotated, the other is rotated at the same time and to the same degree by virtue of the linking assembly across the third fixing member.

Abstract: A mounting and support mechanism for a rotary feeder gear motor having an adjusting housing, wherein the adjusting housing includes a support flange adjacent the gear motor, a hollow adjusting housing and a support flange adjacent a stationary feeder end cover. Contained within the adjusting housing is a carrier extension wherein the carrier extension at one end encases a stationary bushing, the stationary bushing houses an adjusting shaft to provide movement of a rotor assembly axially, and at the opposite end the carrier extension connects to a bearing carrier mechanism.

Abstract: A carrier system for a medical treatment facility includes a track device that is to be suspended from a ceiling of the medical treatment facility and that determines a curved path, and a lifting device to move a medical device between an upper resting position and a lower operating position, such that the lifting device can move along the path determined by the track device.

Abstract: A cylindrical vibration-damping device equipped with an outer bracket, the outer bracket having a structure in which a press-fit member is press fit into a peripheral wall of a bracket body. A primary inner projection is provided at one axial end of the peripheral wall, while a secondary inner projection is provided at another axial end thereof. The outer bracket also includes a positioning section that is provided through mutual contact of axially opposing surfaces of the bracket body and the press-fit member and that determines a position of the press-fit member. The press-fit member which is molded as a thick-walled molded part has a thick contact surface formed on a tip end of the press-fit member in a direction of press fitting, and the thick contact surface comes into contact with a vibration damping rubber in the axial direction.

Abstract: A lubrication system thermostat for controlling the flow of oil in a lubrication system includes a valve and an actuator. The valve is configured to modulate between an unmodulated position and a modulated position, each of which may be in an open position or a closed position. In the open position, at least a portion of the oil flow is unobstructed, and in the closed position, the oil flow is substantially blocked. The actuator is configured to modulate the valve. The actuator includes a thermal element configured to generate mechanical displacement when subjected to a temperature change such that the valve is movable from and returnable to the unmodulated position. The lubrication system thermostat may be in a normally-open configuration, in which the unmodulated position is the open position, or a normally-closed configuration, in which the unmodulated position is the closed position.

Abstract: A pressure vessel comprises a liner formed by blow-molding; an FRP layer covers the outer surface of the liner; and a stock comprising a stock main body, formed from metal with a cylindrical section passing through the liner and FRP layer and a circular metal flange section projecting outward from one end of the cylindrical section in the radial direction of the cylindrical section, and a molded piece, formed of a synthetic resin, covers at least the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical section and all the metal flange section of the stock main body, has a circular resin flange section projecting outward from the edge of the metal flange section that faces outward in the radial direction, and adheres to the inner surface of the liner. The resin flange section comprises an upper surface, an outer circumferential edge surface and a lower surface.

Abstract: An over-pressure limiting arrangement for a cryogen vessel includes an access neck providing access into the cryogen vessel, a tubular structure extending through the access neck, a turret outer assembly joined leak-tight to the cryogen vessel and defining an interior volume that is separated from the atmosphere by a protective valve or burst disc, enclosing an upper extremity of the access neck and the tubular structure. An egress path defines a route for cryogen gas to escape from the turret outer assembly, and a pressure-responsive quench valve seals the egress path and opens when a differential pressure between the interior of the turret outer assembly and the interior of the egress path exceeds a predetermined value. An auxiliary burst disc, or a valve, is attached to the tubular structure within the turret outer assembly, with an inner surface thereof exposed to the interior of the tubular structure and an outer surface thereof exposed to the interior of the turret outer assembly.