Abstract: A method of growing a graphene coating or carbon nanotubes on a catalytic substrate by chemical vapor deposition is provided. In the method, the chemical vapor deposition is carried out in an atmosphere in which a ratio Pox/Pred is about 5×10?6 or less, wherein Pox is the partial pressure oxidizing species in the atmosphere and Pred is the partial pressure of reducing species in the atmosphere. A catalytic substrate coated with a graphene coating grown according to this method is also provided.

Abstract: A sludge recycling treatment system of an urban sewage plant includes solar sludge drying and sludge roasting and activated carbon manufacturing devices. The solar sludge drying device has a sealing box, flat plate conveyor belts, and a conveyor belt traction device. The sludge roasting and activated carbon manufacturing device has a rotary kiln and feeding, conveyor, discharging, and flue gas recycling apparatuses. The flat plate conveyor belts are stepped and concave-convex manufactured from stainless or anti-corrosion carbon steel. Sludge roasting and activated carbon manufacturing is implemented mainly by a rotary kiln to heat a rotary drum wall therein to heat materials. The kiln has automatic feeding and discharging apparatuses. Harmless treatment and resource utilization of urban sludge converts the sludge from waste to wealth, and fully utilizes solar energy to reduce energy consumption during sludge treatment.

Abstract: A method for producing particles, includes the following steps: introducing into a reaction chamber at least one reaction flow including a first chemical element (typically silicon) and propagating in a flow direction; projecting a ray beam through the reaction chamber, intersecting each reaction flow in an reaction flow interaction area, in order to form, in each reaction flow, the cores of particles including the first chemical element, and introducing, in the reaction chamber, a second chemical element, interacting with each reaction flow in order to cover the cores of particles with a layer including the second chemical element. Each reaction flow is preferably free of an agent oxidizing the first chemical element.

Abstract: A Zn—Si or Fe—Si zeolite having an MWW framework may be formed by treating a gel solution with a hydrothermal treatment. The gel solution includes water, a silicon source, a zinc or iron source, and an MWW-templating agent. The hydrothermal treatment may include dissolving the source materials in the gel solution, and heating the gel solution with the dissolved sources to induce hydrothermal crystallization in the gel solution. The zeolite can be substantially free of aluminum, and can be used in a catalyst, or in a separation or purification device.

Abstract: Titanium dioxide and an electro-conductive titanium oxide which each includes particles having a large major-axis length in a large proportion and comprises columnar particles having a satisfactory particle size distribution. A titanium compound, an alkali metal compound, and an oxyphosphorus compound are heated/fired in the presence of titanium dioxide nucleus crystals having an aspect ratio of 2 or higher to grow the titanium dioxide nucleus crystals. Subsequently, a titanium compound, an alkali metal compound, and an oxyphosphorus compound are further added and heated/fired in the presence of the grown titanium dioxide nucleus crystals. Thus, titanium dioxide is produced which comprises columnar particles having a weight-average major-axis length of 7.0-15.0 ?m and in which particles having a major-axis length of 10 ?m or longer account for 15 wt. % or more of all the particles. A solution of a tin compound and a solution of compounds of antimony, phosphorus, etc.

Abstract: A filter media can be configured to be securable in an at least partially curved configuration and/or received in a filter housing to form a filter assembly. Water filter media can be adapted for filter-as-you-pour filtration in the context of container (e.g., pitcher) systems where filtering is achieved as the user pours water from the container. The filter housing can have a frame and an optional casing securable about the frame. A filter assembly can include a filter media within, connected to, or associated with a filter housing. The filter media can be securable in an at least partially curved configuration and/or within, connected to, or associated with the filter housing.

Abstract: A filter housing can be configured to receive a filter media to form a filter assembly. Water filter media assemblies can be adapted for filter-as-you-pour filtration in the context of container (e.g., pitcher) systems where filtering is achieved as the user pours water from the container. The filter housing can have a frame and an optional casing securable about the frame. The filter assembly can include a filter media within, connected to, or associated with a filter housing. The filter media can be securable in an at least partially curved configuration and/or within, connected to, or associated with the filter housing.

Abstract: The invention relates to filter-as-you-pour water filtration container systems. Such a system may include a container body, an outlet through which water within the container body may be poured and simultaneously filtered, a lid that may be releasably attachable over the container body, and a filter assembly attachable to at least one of the lid or the container body. The filter assembly may be disposed so as to be in a flow stream of the water, as the water is poured out of the container body through an outlet of the system, so that the stream of water exiting through the outlet is simultaneously filtered as it is poured from the container body. The system may further include a flow control device (e.g., a valve, grating, screen, etc.) disposed proximate (e.g., in or over) the outlet to regulate an exit flow rate of water being poured through the outlet.

Abstract: The invention relates to container bodies configured to be used in filter-as-you-pour systems, where filtering is achieved as the user pours water from the container. Such container bodies may have an undivided internal storage volume, so as to not include a reservoir compartment for unfiltered water. They may be part of systems configured to filter water both as water is introduced into a container body of the system and as water is poured from the container body of the system. The filter assembly may be attached to the container body at a location proximate the outlet of the system. Filter media of the filter assembly may comprise an activated carbon textile material that presents a curved surface to water passing through the filter assembly. The container body may be configured as a pitcher, carafe, water bottle, jug, or other shaped container.

Abstract: The invention relates to filter-as-you-pour filtration container systems. Such a system may include a container body defining an internal storage volume for holding water, a lid that may be releasably attachable over the container body, and a filter assembly (e.g., disposed within the container body). The system includes an inlet through which unfiltered water is introduced into the container body, and an outlet through which filtered water may be poured. The filter assembly may be attachable to at least one of the lid or container body, and is disposed relative to the outlet so as to be in a flow stream of the water as the water is poured from the container. The filter media of the filter assembly may comprise an activated carbon fibrous textile material that presents a curved surface to the water. Such systems surprisingly provide for relatively high flow rates (e.g., at least 0.3 GPM).

Abstract: In one of its aspects, the invention relates to a process to optimize the dose of a treatment agent for the treatment of a fluid comprising a contaminant. In this first aspect the process comprises the steps of: (a) calculating the dose of the treatment agent based on the relationship between concentration of the treatment agent at one or more points and residence time distribution of the treatment system, and (b) contacting the fluid with the treatment agent in the concentration required to meet the dose calculated in step (a). In another one of its aspects, the invention relates to a process to optimize the dose of a treatment agent for reduction of a contaminant in a fluid.

Abstract: A method of operating a wastewater vaporization system includes providing wastewater to a flow head at a regulated rate, and operating the flow head to atomize the wastewater into droplets of a calculated size. The calculated size is based on measured environmental conditions.

Abstract: A low energy fluid purification system and method of implementation including some embodiments having a vacuum-rated first chamber placed in or near a body of water with higher temperature near the surface and lower temperatures at greater depths. The vacuum-rated first chamber holds a quantity of non-potable water and a low pressure area less than or equal to the water's vapor pressure. Vaporization occurs when the higher temperature surface water is brought into contact with the low pressure area. A tubular vapor transport passage allows the vaporized water to pass to a lower temperature and lower pressure condensation chamber. The lower temperature condensation chamber is cooled by lower temperature water from a selected depth below the surface. As the temperature of the vapor lowers, the vapor will condense. This condensation is collected as a quantity of potable water. Additional embodiments and methods are also provided.

Abstract: The continuous treatment of a flow of organic liquid sludge is disclosed. Following the optional addition of granular mineral matter to the flow, the sludge is injected at a rate q into a column of air which is at overpressure relative to atmospheric pressure. The air column is circulating at a rate Q>5 q in a chamber extending over a specific length in order to create a fluidized bed, in which the sludge is aerolized, between air supply piping upstream of the sludge injection and an outlet reservoir downstream of the fluidized bed, the reservoir being substantially at atmospheric pressure. A flocculant is introduced continuously downstream of the chamber into the fluidized bed in order to aggregate the organic matter before the solid part obtained in this way is separated from the liquid part, the resulting solid part thus being deodorized.

Abstract: A light-guiding member comprises a light transmissive, solid carrier material, and scattering particles of boron nitride dispersed in said carrier material. The light-guiding member is employed in a light emitting arrangement comprising a solid state light emitting element arranged to emit light into the light guiding member via a light input surface. Light can be guided within the light-guiding member to be outcoupled via at least part of a light output surface. The light emitting arrangement provides a simple and efficient illumination device for UV disinfection of water and other fluids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for treating an aqueous solution from a subterranean formation of an oil and gas operation. The aqueous solution can be removed from the subterranean formation and treated in a heated centrifugal separator. The heated centrifugal separator can separate the kinetic hydrate inhibitor from the aqueous solution, and then the aqueous solution can be reintroduced into the subterranean formation.

Abstract: A portable batch water storage and treatment unit includes a unit housing divided by internal partitions into a hardware chamber containing a water pump, an electronic control panel, a unit electric circuit, and an electric power source; an electrocoagulation chamber retaining a replaceable electrocoagulation cartridge containing plates electrically connected to the battery by the unit circuit through the control panel; a filter chamber in fluid communication with the electrocoagulation chamber and retaining a water filter cartridge; and a clean water reservoir chamber in fluid communication with the filter chamber for receiving and holding water pumped through the electrocoagulation and filter chambers; and a water inlet and outlet ports in the unit housing.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell for the treatment of water, the electrochemical cell able to generate, preferably on-site and/or in-situ, one or more chemicals for the treatment of water. Preferably, the electrochemical cell is a spiral-wound arrangement of one or more gas diffusion electrodes, for example a multi-electrode array. Preferably, the cell includes one or more gas diffusion electrodes that are permeable to a gas but impermeable to water.

Abstract: A device for treating water by CDI method according to the present invention comprises a filter unit including first and second filter parts having a water-purifying mode of discharging purified water by purifying raw water and a regeneration mode of regenerating an electrode according to the CDI method; and a control unit for controlling the filter unit. Here, if any one of the first and second filter parts is in the water-purifying mode for a first time, the other one is in the regeneration mode for a second time. In addition, if the water-purifying mode stops in the middle of the first time, the control unit stops the regeneration mode and then performs a first control of flushing the filter part in the regeneration mode with the raw water for a third time.

Abstract: A carrier element (1; 10; 20) for growth of biofilm thereon is designed for free-flowing in liquid to be purified and has surfaces (3; 13) for biofilm growth which are protected from the abrasion from other carrier elements or surfaces in a container containing the liquid to be purified by ridges (4; 12) having a height corresponding to a desired thickness of a biofilm intended to grow on the protected surfaces (3; 13). The ratio between the surfaces (3; 13) for biofilm growth and the area of the ridges ranges from 1:1 to 1:20.

Abstract: The present invention provides for sanitary sewage and industrial waste water pollution through extended aeration and activated sludge and biological treatment. Oxygen guided by suitable blowers, fertile aerobic microorganisms. Within 30 to 40 days, a dense cell mass is responsible for wastewater treatment digestion is formed. Digital timer function with automatic aeration adjusted according to the amount of raw sewage. If you increase or decrease the amount of waste, it can be reset by moving the thorns.

Abstract: Storage tanks, for example, underground septic tanks, and their methods of fabrication are provided. The tanks include a substantially liquid impermeable plastic vessel having a top, a bottom, and sides; a concrete container encasing and retaining the plastic vessel, the concrete container contacting the bottom and at least partially contacting the sides of the plastic vessel; and at least one opening for receiving effluent, for example, waste effluent, into the plastic vessel. The methods of fabricating the tanks include positioning a plastic vessel into an enclosure; introducing concrete into the enclosure about the plastic vessel; allowing the fluid concrete to cure to provide a substantially solid concrete container about the plastic vessel; and removing the plastic vessel having a concrete container from the enclosure. Vessel shape retaining devices are also disclosed. Aspects of the invention are uniquely adapted to underground storage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vertical sewage treatment device including an anaerobic chamber, an anoxic chamber, an aerobiotic chamber, and a secondary precipitation chamber, wherein the anaerobic chamber, the anoxic chamber, the aerobiotic chamber, and the secondary precipitation chamber are vertically arranged in sequence from the bottom to the top. According to another aspect, the present invention also provides a sewage treatment method using the foregoing vertical sewage treatment device. The sewage treatment device and method of the present invention have the advantages such as a reduced occupied area, improved oxygenation efficiency, a decreased head loss, a reduced invalid structure volume, and a low heat loss.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for cooperative control of microcystis aeruginosa by using chub, bighead, catfish and daphnia, and belongs to the technical field of water treatment. The microcystis aeruginosa in a water body is controlled using a food chain relationship; the chub, the bighead, the catfish and the daphnia can directly eat the microcystis aeruginosa in a filtering manner; and meanwhile, the chub, the bighead and the catfish also can intake the daphnia, so as to indirectly consume the microcystis aeruginosa in the water body, wherein the fishes, the daphnia and the microcystis aeruginosa form the food chain relationship; in addition, the microcystis aeruginosa at the upper, middle and lower layers and a microcystis aeruginosa hypopus at the bottom layer can be controlled by fully utilizing the vertical spatial distribution difference of the three fishes in the water body.

Abstract: A device for artificial wetland sewage treatment, which comprises a vertical flow artificial wetland bed body with an openmouthed upper portion, a vertical flow sewage treatment artificial wetland arranged on the vertical flow artificial wetland bed body, a diversion canal formed at one end of the vertical flow artificial wetland bed body, a draining ditch formed at the other end of the vertical flow artificial wetland bed body, a baffle wall dividing into a first wetland unit and a second wetland unit, an upper water conduit with an upper water conduit inlet valve at one end. It ensures the service life of the vertical flow sewage treatment artificial wetland and avoids pipe blockage; has the lasting purification treatment capacity; has a simple structure and can achieve the low cost of construction and convenient operation management; and has a long-term stable use effect.

Abstract: An in-situ purification island structure and the construction method thereof, which refers to the field of sewage treatment technology. The in-situ purification island structure comprises the upstream purification island main body and the downstream purification island main body, in which the upstream purification island main body comprises the first base backfill layer, the first lower layer, the first hydrophobic layer, the first penetrating water layer and the first upper layer. The first ecological bags are set around the surface of the first base backfill layer. The first lower layer has center formed with a lower filling layer. The first hydrophobic layer has center formed with a hydrophobic filling layer. It has a good natural purifying effect on the sewage, saves the investment and cost, no limitation on the applications, the capacity and efficiency of the purifying is high, and saves the resource.

Abstract: Treating an organic effluent is disclosed. The effluent is fed in a continuous flow at a rate q via a first chamber maintained at a first pressure and/or directly through a first narrowing to a second chamber or container maintained at a second medium pressure by the injection of air into the second chamber at a rate Q in order to obtain an emulsion in the second chamber. A head loss is generated in the emulsion optionally modified by a second and/or third narrowing or a feed valve for a third chamber maintained at a third pressure in the region immediately downstream of the second or third narrowing and/or valve. A flocculant is injected into the region of the third chamber. The emulsion at atmospheric pressure then being degasified and the emulsion thus degasified being recovered in a filtration or decanting device.

Abstract: A method of secondary or capillary dewatering of a flocculated mass provides for draining of water from the flocculated mass by means of an apparatus comprising separate and distinctive, interconnected dewatering cones that are placed independently on a false floor within a tank. Cleaning the cones or static devices is simplified and facilitated by quick and easy removal from the tank. After removal of the cones from the tank, removing or recovering a dewatered flocculated mass or dry matter from the tank also is simplified and may be accomplished in a preferred embodiment by opening a gate on the tank and scooping out the resulting dry matter.

Abstract: A mold has a sealing surface bearing a sealing profile. A plenum has a sealing surface bearing a sealing profile. The mold and plenum together form an apparatus for reforming a sheet material. In the closed position of the apparatus, the sealing profile of the mold is in opposing relation to the sealing profile of the plenum and the sealing profiles of the mold and plenum together define a profiled sealing gap. When the sheet material is wedged into the profiled sealing gap, a direct seal will be formed between the sheet material and each of the mold and plenum, resulting in two forming areas within the apparatus.

Abstract: A device for manufacturing an optical preform by means of an internal vapour deposition process including an energy source, a hollow substrate tube having a supply side and a discharge side and the energy source being moveable along a length of the hollow substrate tube, and an elongation tube connected to the hollow substrate tube at the discharge side thereof, wherein the hollow substrate tube extends into an interior of the elongation tube and an internal diameter of the elongation tube is at least 0.5 millimeters larger than an external diameter of the hollow substrate tube.

Abstract: Embodiments of alkali aluminosilicate glass articles that may be chemically strengthened to achieve a maximum surface compressive stress that exceeds compressive stresses that have been achieved in similar glasses are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the fictive temperature of these glass articles may be equal to the 1011 poise (P) viscosity temperature of the glass article. In some embodiments, the strengthened alkali aluminosilicate glass articles described herein may exhibit a maximum compressive stress of at least about 400 MPa, 800 MPa, 930 MPa or 1050 MPa. In some embodiments, the strengthened alkali aluminosilicate glass articles described herein may exhibit a compressive stress layer extending to a depth of layer of at least about 40 ?m (in samples having a thickness of 1 mm). In still other embodiments, these strengthened alkali aluminosilicate glass articles exhibit a parabolic or near-parabolic tensile stress profile in the central region of the glass articles.

Abstract: Embodiments of alkali aluminosilicate glass articles that may be chemically strengthened to achieve a maximum surface compressive stress that exceeds compressive stresses that have been achieved in similar glasses are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the fictive temperature of these glass articles may be equal to the 1011 poise (P) viscosity temperature of the glass article. In some embodiments, the strengthened alkali aluminosilicate glass articles described herein may exhibit a maximum compressive stress of at least about 400 MPa, 800 MPa, 930 MPa or 1050 MPa. In some embodiments, the strengthened alkali aluminosilicate glass articles described herein may exhibit a compressive stress layer extending to a depth of layer of at least about 40 ?m (in samples having a thickness of 1 mm). In still other embodiments, these strengthened alkali aluminosilicate glass articles exhibit a parabolic or near-parabolic tensile stress profile in the central region of the glass articles.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present invention provide fiberizable glass compositions formed from batch compositions comprising amounts of one or more glassy minerals, including perlite and/or pumice. Some embodiments of the present invention related to glass fibers formed from such batch compositions, and composites and other materials incorporating such glass fibers.

Abstract: A temperature sensitive ink and delivery system enables non-permanent marking of, for example, impervious—glassine surfaces and substrates being removable between at least about 120 degrees and 150 degrees Fahrenheit.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for preparing a substrate with a coating from a paste comprising the following steps: (a) providing a substrate; (b) preparing a paste from a glass frit to which ferromagnetic pigments and a flux agent are admixed; (c) applying the paste onto a surface of the substrate; (d) aligning the paste by means of a magnetic field; and (e) burning-in of the paste.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composite gypsum board comprising a board core and a concentrated layer of substantial thickness (e.g., at least about 0.02 inches). The concentrated layer includes a higher weight percentage of an enhancing additive than the hoard core. The board core has a thickness greater than the thickness of the concentrated layer and forms the bulk of the board volume. The concentrated layer has a higher density (e.g., at least about 1.1 times greater) than the density of the board core. Also disclosed is a method of preparing a composite gypsum board.

Abstract: Materials and methods for implementing engineered aggregates in metamaterials are provided. The engineered aggregates may be tuned to oscillate resonantly under the influence of an external force improving the dynamic performance of the metamaterial by impeding dynamic excitation. The engineered aggregate generally comprise a multilayer resonant structure having at least a relatively heavy inner core surrounded by at least a compliant coating layer. The geometry and stiffness of the relative layers can be tuned to engineer a desired resonant frequency response within the aggregate for a chosen frequency range. The engineered aggregates are disposed in a matrix material to form a metamaterial. The engineered aggregates may be disposed within a mortar matrix to form a concrete metamaterial suitable for use, for example, in structural applications, including bunkers, shelters, etc.

Abstract: Foamed fiber compositions and processes of making said compositions. Compositions include a hydraulic mixture including (i) a polymer and (ii) one or more of gypsum, fly ash, and cement; and a foam including a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer, and 0.5-35% fibers by weight. The process for forming the foamed fiber composition includes providing a stable foam including a foaming agent and a foam stabilizer; mixing fibers into the stable foam until the fibers are uniformly distributed in the foam to form a fiber-containing foam, wherein the fiber-containing aqueous foam contains 0.5-35% fibers by weight; and mixing the fiber-containing foam into a hydraulic slurry including (i) a polymer and (ii) one or more of gypsum, fly ash, and cement. The composition is suitable for use in roof tiles, underlayments, backerboards, cement composites, foam fills, bricks, cement sidings, etc.

Abstract: A calcium sulfoaluminate-based concrete with a permeability of less than 1000 Coulombs. Rapid-setting low chloride-ion permeability calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements and concretes include CSA and a suitable polymer such as a sol-gel derived, organic-inorganic, silica based hybrid coating solutions of polystyrene-butylacrylate polymers containing active silanol groups protected by hydroxyl groups containing polyalcohol, or other polymers. Such polymers may be added as powders or as liquid in the finish mill. Other rapid-setting low chloride-ion permeability (CSA) cements and concretes include CSA with selected particle size distributions, and do not require use of any polymer. These CSA cements and concretes have low chloride-ion permeability, high early strength, fast setting times, low-shrinkage, and high freeze-thaw resistance.

Abstract: A method for treating sludge, in particular polluted harbour sludge, includes the following operations:—mixing the sludge with concrete and/or stone gravel,—treating the sludge/gravel mixture by crushing in order to obtain crushed material, and—carrying out a screening operation on the crushed material, simultaneously to heat treatment, in order to obtain crushed material of at least two different particle sizes. The facility for treating gravel, in particular gravel mixed with sludge, capable of implementing the method, includes crushing elements (2), screening elements (4) associated with heating elements (5), and elements (3) for transferring between the two.

Abstract: A thermal spray coating according to the present invention contains mainly magnesium, aluminum, oxygen, and nitrogen and has, as a main phase, a crystal phase of a MgO—AlN solid solution in which aluminum nitride is dissolved with magnesium oxide. The thermal spray coating is obtained by thermal spray of powder of a ceramic material containing mainly magnesium, aluminum, oxygen, and nitrogen and having, as a main phase, a crystal phase of a MgO—AlN solid solution in which aluminum nitride is dissolved with magnesium oxide.

Abstract: A dielectric porcelain composition with a sintering density of 93% or above, is expressed by the composition formula below: 100[1?x(0.94Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3?0.06BaTiO3)?xK0.5Na0.5NbO3]+?CuO+?LiF (wherein x is between 0.14 and 0.28, and ? and ? meet either (I) ? is between 0.4 and 1.5, and ? is between 0 and 2.4, or (II) ? is between 0 and 1.5, and ? is between 0.2 and 2.4). The dielectric porcelain composition is Pb-free and can be sintered at low temperature, as well as a dielectric element having such composition.

Abstract: A dielectric composition containing a complex oxide represented by the formula of xAO-yBO-zC2O5 as the main component, wherein A represents at least one element selected from the group including Ba, Ca and Sr, B represents Mg, and C represents at least one element selected from the group including Nb and Ta, and x, y and z meet the following conditions, x+y+z=1.000, 0.000<x?0.281, 0.625?y<1.000, and 0.000<z?0.375.

Abstract: Synthetic ceramic proppants are described. Methods to make these proppants and methods of using these proppants are also described.

Abstract: A ceramic precursor batch composition, green ware formed thereof, porous ceramic honeycomb article formed thereof, and methods of making same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fiber material for reinforcement containing a fiber aggregate containing plural fibers of a ceramic, a metal or a mixture thereof, and a porous structural body, in which the porous structural body fills a space among the plural fibers of the fiber aggregate, and covers at least a part of a surface of the fiber aggregate, and in which the porous structural body is in a state of being impregnated with a carbon material.

Abstract: We describe a method of manufacturing a ceramic filter having a controlled filter channel opening size, the method comprising: fabricating a ceramic precursor element, said precursor element having a structure comprising first and second surfaces and an arrangement of flared pores extending between said first and second surfaces, wherein an apex of a said flared pore is towards said first surface and a base of said flared pore is towards said second surface and is larger than said apex, wherein said flared pore contains polymer material and regions between said flared pores comprise ceramic material; and sintering said ceramic precursor element to fuse said ceramic material and remove said polymer material; the method further comprising removing a controlled thickness portion of said first surface to open said flared pores to said controlled filter channel opening size.

Abstract: A carbon/carbon brake disk is provided. The carbon/carbon brake disk may comprise a carbon fiber, wherein the carbon fiber is formed into a fibrous network, wherein the fibrous network comprises carbon deposited therein. The carbon fiber may undergo a FHT process, wherein micro-cracks are disposed in the carbon fiber. In various embodiments, the micro-cracks may be at least partially filled with un-heat-treated carbon via a final CVD process, wherein the final CVD process is performed at a temperature in the range of up to about 1,000° C. (1,832° F.) for a duration in the range from about 20 hours to about 100 hours. In various embodiments, the un-heat-treated carbon may be configured to prevent oxygen, moisture, and/or oxidation protection systems (OPS) chemicals from penetrating the carbon/carbon brake disk. In various embodiments, the final CVI/CVD process may be configured to increase the wear life of the carbon/carbon brake disk.

Abstract: A method of reclaiming usable products from sludge is disclosed. A predetermined level of solvent within an extractor is heated, below atmospheric boiling point, and dried sludge is immersed within the headed solvent. The solvent is a non-polar or polar aprotic solvents, such as heptane. The non-solid products, an oil/solvent mixture are separated from the solids and transferred to at least one evaporator with a concentration of between 2-25% oil in the solvent. The oil and solvent are separated in one or more evaporators to remove approximately 70%-95%, and preferably 85%-99%, of the solvent. The solids are moved to a desolventizer for removal of the residual solvent and are then dried to a moisture content of below 25%, and preferably between 10%-15%.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method and a system of treating biomass wastes by biochemistry-thermochemistry multi-point interconnection. The present invention applies solid, gas and liquid products of the thermochemical treatment subsystem to the biochemical treatment subsystem and applies heat produced by the biochemical treatment subsystem to the thermochemical treatment subsystem, forming multi-point and two-way interconnection between the biochemical treatment subsystem and the thermochemical treatment subsystem, thereby increasing the yield and stability of energy gas of the biochemical treatment subsystem and reducing pollution and energy consumption of the thermochemical treatment subsystem respectively. The present invention is suitable for treating biomass wastes with high and low water contents at the same time, producing soil amendment, liquid fuel and biogas, having properties of low secondary pollution and significant reduction of greenhouse gas emission and so on.