Abstract: A method for monitoring differentiation into cardiac muscle cells includes keeping, in an alive state, cells into which a reporter gene of luminescent protein configured to vary in luminescence intensity according to an expression of myocardial differentiation marker gene is introduced. The method includes acquiring a luminescence image as a still image by imaging light emitted from the cells in a light shielding state. The method includes acquiring sequential images with illuminating the cells. The method includes associating biological information obtained from the sequential images with biological information obtained from the still image.

Abstract: Provided are a novel streptomyces filamentosus strain with improved daptomycin productivity, and a method for producing daptomycin using the same.

Abstract: A method for digesting cellulosic biomass solids in a hydrothermal digestion unit comprises providing a reactor, a gas feed line, a system for feeding biomass into the reactor, a fluid circulation system including a fluid inlet, pump, and injector; providing a digestion medium containing a slurry catalyst in the digestion unit; circulating the digestion medium through the circulation system; supplying an upward flow of hydrogen through the biomass solids; and maintaining the biomass solids and catalyst at a temperature sufficient to cause digestion of cellulosic biomass solids into an alcoholic component; wherein the fluid inlet includes a stinger unit having an upper surface, an inner volume in communication with the catalyst circulation system, and an opening in the upper surface for allowing fluid to enter the inner volume; and allowing digestion medium to flow into the catalyst circulation system via the catalyst stinger.

Abstract: A sugar composition comprising: at least 40% dissolved solids in an aqueous solution having a viscosity at least 10% lower than a 42 DE (Dextrose Equivalents) reference solution with a same dissolved solids concentration at a given temperature.

Abstract: A cutting device for machines for cutting hides and the like, comprising an oscillating piston provided at its end with a cutting blade, the oscillating piston being actuated pneumatically by way of an inlet and an outlet, an oscillation chamber being defined by the lower and upper stroke limits of the oscillating piston, the device comprising a supply duct that leads to the oscillation chamber, the supply duct being regulated by a solenoid valve in order to raise the oscillating piston and consequently raise the cutting blade.

Abstract: A high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having a surface coated with a hot-dip galvanized coating, the steel sheet having a chemical composition comprising C: more than 0.10% and less than 0.18%, Si: 0.01 to 1.00%, Mn: 1.5 to 4.0%, P: 0.100% or less, S: 0.020% or less, Al: 0.010 to 0.500%, Cr: 0.010 to 2.000%, Nb: 0.005 to 0.100%, Ti: 0.005 to 0.100%, B: more than 0.0005% and 0.0030% or less, and Fe and incidental impurities, and a method for producing the same. The steel sheet has a microstructure including ferrite having an area fraction in the range of 0 to 10%, martensite having an area fraction in the range of 15 to 60%, tempered martensite having an area fraction in the range of 20 to 50%, and bainitic ferrite having an area fraction in the range of 20 to 50%.

Abstract: The invention relates to a furnace system and a method for the controlled heat treatment of sheet metal components in individual component zones. The invention proposes a furnace system that is suitable for partly heating components made of steel sheet to a temperature above the AC3 temperature. The furnace system has a production furnace for heating the steel sheet parts to a temperature that is close to but below the AC3 temperature, said furnace system further having a profiling furnace with at least one level. The at least one level has an upper and lower part and a product-specific intermediate flange that is introduced into a corresponding receiving area. The product-specific intermediate flange is designed to impose a specified temperature profile on the component with temperatures over AC3 for regions to be hardened and below AC3 for softer regions. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding method for partly heating steel sheet parts to a temperature above the AC3 temperature.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for calculating the combination of properties of phase components and of mechanical properties being established of a predefined alloy composition for a deformable lightweight steel having the elements in percent by weight C 0.02 to ?1.0, Al 2.5 to ?8.0, Si 0.0 to ?1.5, Mn?5.0 to ?35.0, Cr>1.0 to ?14.0, total content of N, S, P?0.1, the remainder iron and other steel-accompanying elements with some contents of Cu, Mo, Ni, and Zn of up to 1.0 wt % in total by using specific formulas on the basis of the manganese content, wherein, in the formulas, the alloy contents are used as absolute numbers without dimensions, and the calculated, dimensionless values are assigned the units MPa for Rm and Rp and % for A80.

Abstract: A wire rod for a steel cord has a wire diameter R of 3.5 mm to 8.0 mm, and includes, in a chemical composition, by mass %: C: 0.70% to 1.20%; Si: 0.15% to 0.60%; Mn: 0.10% to 1.00%; N: 0.0010% to 0.0050%; Al: more than 0% and 0.0100% or less; and a remainder of Fe and impurities, in which a surface part and a central part are included, a thickness of the surface part is 50 ?m to 0.20×R, the central part includes a pearlite structure in a proportion of 95% to 100% by area %, a C content of the surface part is 40% to 95% of a C content of the central part, and a ratio of a thickness of a lamellar cementite at a center of the thickness of the surface part to a thickness of a lamellar cementite in the central part is 95% or less, whereby high strength and workability can be achieved even after a finish drawing process and cracking or the like caused by a delamination phenomenon can be prevented.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for extracting transition metals, the method comprising supplying a feedstream containing transition metal, mixing the feedstream with nitric acid for a time and at a concentration sufficient to form an aqueous phase containing the transition metal, combining the aqueous phase with organic extractant phase for a time and at a concentration sufficient to cause the transition metal to reside within the organic extractant phase, and combining the transition metal-containing organic extractant phase with an hydroxamic acid-containing aqueous phase at a concentration and for a time sufficient to cause the transition metal to reside in the hydroxamic acid-containing aqueous phase.

Abstract: The invention provides methods, compositions, and apparatuses for preventing the formation of scale in heap leach process solution distribution systems comprised of piping, spray nozzels, or emitter tubes. Solution distribution system components often become fouled by scale because of local hot spots more prone to form scale than other locations along the systems length. Positioning sensors that detect periods of high temperature stress and adjusting scale control reagent dosage to send the right amount to inhibit hot spot deposition allows for the control of scale without using wasteful excessive amounts of scale control reagents.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure relate to intermetallic nanoparticles. Embodiments include nanoparticles having an intermetallic core including a first metal and a second metal. The first metal may be palladium and the second metal may be at least one of cobalt, iron, nickel, or a combination thereof. The nanoparticles may further have a shell that includes palladium and gold.

Abstract: A wear-resistant copper-based alloy includes: at least one selected from the group made of molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium and niobium carbide; chromium in an amount of less than 1.0% in terms of wt %; and a matrix and hard particles dispersed in the matrix, in which the hard particles include niobium carbide and at least one selected from the group made of Nb—C—Mo, Nb—C—W, and Nb—C—V around the niobium carbide.

Abstract: This hot-rolled steel sheet has a thickness of 3-20 mm and contains specific amounts of C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al and N with the balance made up of iron and unavoidable impurities. The contents of solid-solved N, C and N are within specific ranges, and bainitic ferrite having a specific average crystal grain size and pearlite have specific area occupancies in the structure, with the balance occupied by polygonal ferrite. This hot-rolled steel sheet has a specific hardness distribution in the thickness direction.

Abstract: Provided in one embodiment is a method for producing a composition, comprising: heating a first material comprising an amorphous alloy to a first temperature; and contacting the first material with a second material comprising at least one fiber to form a composition comprising the first material and the second material; wherein the first temperature is higher than or equal to a glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous alloy.

Abstract: Embodiments herein present the invention of a class of Tungsten (W) free Cobalt based (?-??) superalloys with the basic chemical composition comprising in % by weight: 0.5 to 10 Aluminium (Al) and 1 to 15 Molybdenum (Mo) with at least one or both of 0.5 to 12 Niobium (Nb) and 0.5 to 12 Tantalum (Ta), with the remainder being Cobalt (Co). Some part of the cobalt can be replaced by nickel (50% or less). In Nickel added alloys, some part of either cobalt of nickel can be replaced by at least one among the transition metal selected from the group consisting of 10% or less Iridium, 10% or less Platinum, 10% or less Palladium, 15% or less Chromium and combination thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate liquid processing apparatus including: a processing bath in which a mixture of sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide is stored, and a substrate is immersed in the stored mixture such that a processing is performed on the substrate; an outer bath configured to receive the mixture flowing out from the processing bath; a circulation line configured to return the mixture in the outer bath to the processing bath; a sulfuric acid supply unit configured to supply sulfuric acid to the mixture; a first hydrogen peroxide supply unit configured to supply hydrogen peroxide to the mixture in the outer bath; and a second hydrogen peroxide supply unit configured to supply hydrogen peroxide to the mixture flowing through a downstream portion of the circulation line.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of preparing insulation coating. The method comprises: providing a powder of polymer material, a graphite powder, and a substrate, wherein the powder of the polymer material is an epoxy powder or a polyethylene (PE) powder. Next, forming a mixture via mixing the powder of polymer material and the graphite powder. Then, utilizing a thermal spray device to spray the mixture on the substrate and then cooling the substrate to form an insulation coating. The method possesses advantages of increased production efficiency and reduced cost, and provides an insulation coating with good sound insulation properties.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing an optical fiber preform. In a premixing step, a source-material-containing gas containing organosilicon is mixed with premix-use oxygen gas so as to obtain a premixed source material gas. In the premixing step, the premix-use oxygen gas has a temperature greater than or equal to a liquefaction temperature of the organosilicon, the liquefaction temperature being determined depending on an amount of the organosilicon contained in the premixed source material gas.

Abstract: Provided are: a hard lubricating coating film which is hard and has wear resistance; and a hard lubricating coating film-covered tool. A hard coating film (10), which is hard and has wear resistance, and an end mill (12) can be obtained by alternately forming two or more (CraMobWcVdBe)1-x-yCxNy layers A (22) and two or more (CraMobWcVdBe)1-x-y-zCxNyOz layers B (24) by controlling the composition ratios of Cr, Mo, W, V and B and various reaction gases during the film formation, or alternatively by controlling only the various reaction gases during the film formation.

Abstract: The invention relates to the technical field of display, particularly a pressurized spray deposition device and method for an organic material steam. The pressurized spray deposition device comprises an uniform-pressure mixing chamber, an organic material steam source, a high-pressure carrier gas feeding device, a piezoelectric pressurizing device and a nozzle, wherein the organic material steam source and the high-pressure carrier gas feeding device are respectively connected with the uniform-pressure mixing chamber, and an outlet of the uniform-pressure mixing chamber is connected with the nozzle through the piezoelectric pressurizing device. The organic material steam in the organic material steam source enters the uniform-pressure mixing chamber and is mixed with the introduced carrier gas to form a carried gas mixture.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for preparing a rare-earth permanent magnetic material with grain boundary diffusion using composite target by vapor deposition, in which the composite target is evaporated and attached to the surface of the NdFeB magnet, and in which medium-high temperature treatment and low temperature aging treatment are employed, resulting in that the coercive force of the magnet is improved significantly and the remanence and the magnetic energy product substantially are not reduced. The advantageous effects of the present application is as follows: the coercive force of the magnet is improved, and meanwhile the defects such as melting pits and crystal grain growth and the like caused by high temperature treatment for the long time are eliminated, and the usage amount of heavy rare-earth is greatly reduced, thereby lowering the cost of the product.

Abstract: An oxide semiconductor film includes indium (In), cerium (Ce), zinc (Zn), doping metal element (M) and oxygen (O) elements, and a molar ratio of the In, Ce, and Zn as In:Ce:Zn is in a range of 2:(0.5 to 2):1. A method for making a oxide semiconductor film includes a step of forming an oxide film on a substrate by using a sputtering method and a sputtering target comprising In2CexZnO4+2x, wherein x=0.5˜2.

Abstract: An oxide semiconductor film includes indium (In), cerium (Ce), zinc (Zn) and oxygen (O) elements, and a molar ratio of the In, Ce, and Zn as In:Ce:Zn is in a range of 2:1:(0.5 to 2). A method for making a oxide semiconductor film includes a step of forming an oxide film on a substrate by using a sputtering method and a sputtering target comprising In2CeZnxO5+x, wherein x=0.5˜2.

Abstract: A film thickness regulator and its manufacturing method, a regulating method, an evaporation apparatus are disclosed. The film thickness regulator comprises a frame and at least two deformable thin films disposed therein, the film surfaces of which are parallel to each other; each deformable thin film is provided with conductive structures and via holes for molecules of an evaporation coating material to pass through; when voltages are applied to the conductive structures of any two deformable thin films, due to the attraction or repulsion between the conductive structures, the two deformable thin films are moved, and the relative positions of the via holes of any two deformable thin films change, thus solving the problem that the uniformity of the thickness of the evaporation coating film is poor in the related art, and achieving the effect of improving the uniformity of the thickness of the evaporation coating film.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vapor deposition apparatus comprising an adsorption apparatus disposed in a vapor deposition cavity, wherein the adsorption apparatus comprising: a plurality of magnetic blocks arranged in a matrix disposed on a side of a substrate to be vapor deposited away from a metal mask plate, and a towing apparatus for adjusting each of the magnetic blocks to move up and down relative to the substrate to be vapor deposited. Such a vapor deposition apparatus may cause the metal mask plate to closely fit the substrate to be vapor deposited, such that a correct pattern will be formed when sub-pixel units are vapor deposited, and cause the magnetic fields of all the magnetic blocks to tend to be consistent, avoiding affecting the above-mentioned pattern by a deformation of the metal mask plate due to the inhomogeneity of the magnetic fields.

Abstract: A method is provided for coating or filling a porous material. According to one embodiment, the method includes providing the porous material, delivering precursor molecules by gas phase exposure into pores of the porous material, and reacting the precursor molecules to form a polymer inside the pores.

Abstract: A catalyst-free CVD method for forming graphene. The method involves placing a substrate within a reaction chamber, heating the substrate to a temperature between 600° C. and 1100° C., and introducing a carbon precursor into the chamber to form a graphene layer on a surface of the substrate. The method does not use plasma or a metal catalyst to form the graphene.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for volatilizing a source reagent susceptible to particle generation or presence of particles in the corresponding source reagent vapor, in which such particle generation or presence is suppressed by structural or processing features of the vapor generation system. Such apparatus and method are applicable to liquid and solid source reagents, particularly solid source reagents such as metal halides, e.g., hafnium chloride. The source reagent in one specific implementation is constituted by a porous monolithic bulk form of the source reagent material. The apparatus and method of the invention are usefully employed to provide source reagent vapor for applications such as atomic layer deposition (ALD) and ion implantation.

Abstract: Provided is a technique in which a heating-up time inside a process chamber is reduced. The technique includes a substrate processing apparatus including a process chamber where a substrate is processed, a substrate retainer configured to support the substrate in the process chamber, a process gas supply unit configured to supply a process gas into the process chamber, a first heater installed outside the process chamber and configured to heat an inside of the process chamber, a thermal insulating unit disposed under the substrate retainer, a second heater disposed in the thermal insulating unit and configured to heat the inside of the process chamber, and a purge gas supply unit configured to supply a purge gas into the thermal insulating unit to purge an inside of the thermal insulating unit.

Abstract: Methods are provided for selectively depositing a material on a first metal or metallic surface of a substrate relative to a second, dielectric surface of the substrate, or for selectively depositing metal oxides on a first metal oxide surface of a substrate relative to a second silicon oxide surface. The selectively deposited material can be, for example, a metal, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal silicide, metal carbide and/or dielectric material. In some embodiments a substrate comprising a first metal or metallic surface and a second dielectric surface is alternately and sequentially contacted with a first vapor-phase metal halide reactant and a second reactant. In some embodiments a substrate comprising a first metal oxide surface and a second silicon oxide surface is alternately and sequentially contacted with a first vapor phase metal fluoride or chloride reactant and water.

Abstract: A CVD reactor for single sided deposition of material on substrates, may comprise: an upper gas manifold and a lower gas manifold; a substrate carrier comprising a gas tight rectangular box open on upper and lower surfaces, a multiplicity of planar walls across the width of the box, the walls being equally spaced in a row facing each other and defining a row of channels within the box, the walls comprising mounting fixtures for a plurality of substrates and at least one electrically resistive heater element; and clamps within the vacuum chamber for making electrical contact to the at least one electrically resistive heater element; wherein the upper gas manifold and the lower gas manifold are configured to attach to the upper and lower surfaces of the substrate carrier, respectively, connect with upper and lower ends of the channels, and isolate gas flows in odd numbered channels from gas flows in even numbered channels, wherein the channels are numbered in order along the row, and wherein the gas flows compr

Abstract: A reactor for chemical vapor deposition is equipped with an IR radiation compensating susceptor assembly that supports one or more semiconductor substrates above linear IR heater lamps arranged in a parallel array. A set of primary IR radiation reflectors beneath the lamps directs IR radiation back toward the susceptor in a pattern selected to provide uniform IR irradiation of the susceptor assembly to thereby uniformly heat the substrates. Secondary IR shield reflectors may be provided in selected patterns on the underside of the susceptor assembly as a fine tuning measure to direct IR radiation away from the assembly in a controlled pattern. The combined IR radiation reflectors have an IR signature that compensates for any non-uniform heating profile created by the linear IR heater lamp array. The heating profile of the lamp array might also be tailored in order to reduce the amount of compensation required to be supplied by the IR reflectors.

Abstract: An electrode contamination-proof device includes a first electrode structure, a second electrode structure, a sacrificing layer, and scroll driving devices. The second electrode structure and the first electrode structure are oppositely disposed. The sacrificing layer being positioned between the first electrode structure and the second electrode structure is capable of movably and tightly clinging on the exterior surface of the first electrode structure. The scroll driving devices is capable of driving the sacrificing layer to scroll around the scroll driving device. Besides, a film coating system is also provided.

Abstract: A method for passivating a metal surface of a light-weight metal part is disclosed, wherein a conversion layer is applied to the surface of the light-weight metal part in a passivation step. A passivation step is carried out wherein an aqueous passivation solution is used to create a calcium phosphate-containing conversion layer (5) on the metal surface of the part, said conversion layer comprising oxides and hydroxides from the material of the part and from the passivation solution and containing amino acids.

Abstract: A method of forming at least a portion of an earth-boring tool using an electronic representation of at least one geometric feature of at least a component of an earth-boring tool stored in memory accessible by a processor operatively connected to a multi-axis positioning system, a direct metal deposition apparatus, and a material removal apparatus. The processor generates a deposition path for the direct metal deposition apparatus is based at least in part on the electronic representation of the at least one geometric feature of the at least a component of the earth-boring tool. The direct metal deposition tool is operated according to the generated deposition path to deposit metal material on an earth-boring tool component coupled to the multi-axis positioning system to at least partially form the at least one geometric feature of the earth-boring tool. Methods also include methods of repairing earth-boring tools.

Abstract: A Cu-interconnection etching device includes an etching liquid tank containing therein an etching liquid that is a hydrogen peroxide based solution, a first concentration monitoring device receiving the etching liquid from the etching liquid tank and measuring a copper ion concentration of the etching liquid. The etching liquid is supplied through a filter assembly that filters off copper ions contained in the etching liquid so as to provide a filtered etching liquid. The filter etching liquid is supplied through a second concentration monitoring device that measures a copper ion concentration of the filtered etching liquid and conducts the filtered etching liquid back to the etching liquid tank. A variation between the measurements of the first and second concentration monitoring devices is used to control the operation of the filter assembly in order to maintain a proper level of copper ion concentration in the etching liquid.

Abstract: This invention provides a cost-effective hot-dip galvanization process for ferrous metals, which is regardful to the environment and to the health of the personnel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a simple one-pot process for the production of ammonia. The process involves electrolysis of air and water using a molten or concentrated aqueous hydroxide electrolyte in the presence of an iron catalyst. The process exhibits one or more of the following benefits: (i) it is an efficient, cost-effective low-energy process, (ii) it eliminates carbon dioxide (C02) evolution, (iii) it eliminates the need for a separator, and (iv) it bypasses the need for a preliminary hydrogenation step.

Abstract: An electrochemical device converts carbon dioxide to a formic acid reaction product. The device includes an anode and a cathode, each comprising a quantity of catalyst. The anode and cathode each have reactant introduced thereto. Two membranes, a cation exchange polymer electrolyte membrane and an anion exchange polymer electrolyte membrane, are interposed between the anode and the cathode, forming a central flow compartment where a carbon dioxide reduction product, such as formic acid, can be recovered. At least a portion of the cathode catalyst is directly exposed to gaseous carbon dioxide during electrolysis. The average current density at the membrane is at least 20 mA/cm2, measured as the area of the cathode gas diffusion layer that is covered by catalyst, and formate ion selectivity is at least 50% at a cell potential difference of 3.0 V.

Abstract: The solar fuels generator includes an ionically conductive separator between a gaseous first phase and a second phase. A photoanode uses one or more components of the first phase to generate cations during operation of the solar fuels generator. A cation conduit is positioned provides a pathway along which the cations travel from the photoanode to the separator. The separator conducts the cations. A second solid cation conduit conducts the cations from the separator to a photocathode.

Abstract: A reactor is proposed that comprises a cathode and a sacrificial anode, in which a spacing between cathode and anode is kept constant by the cathode following, or tracking, the anode.

Abstract: A method of producing metallic powder comprises steps of arranging a volume of feedstock comprising a plurality of non-metallic particles within an electrolysis cell, causing a molten salt to flow through the volume of feedstock, and applying a potential between a cathode and an anode such that the feedstock is reduced to metal. In preferred embodiments the feedstock is a plurality of discrete powder particles and these particles are reduced to a corresponding plurality of discrete metallic particles. In advantageous embodiments, the feedstock may be sand.

Abstract: Electroplating methods enable the plating of photoresist defined features which have substantially uniform morphology. The electroplating methods include copper electroplating baths with reaction products of imidazole and bisepoxides to electroplate the photoresist defined features. Such features include pillars, bond pads and line space features.

Abstract: Electroplating methods enable the plating of photoresist defined features which have substantially uniform morphology. The electroplating methods include copper electroplating baths with reaction products of ?-amino acids and bisepoxides to electroplate the photoresist defined features. Such features include pillars, bond pads and line space features.

Abstract: Electroplating methods enable the plating of photoresist defined features which have substantially uniform morphology. The electroplating methods include copper electroplating baths with reaction products of imidazole compounds, bisepoxides and halobenzyl compounds to electroplate the photoresist defined features. Such features include pillars, bond pads and line space features.

Abstract: A rack for supporting work pieces during electroplating including a frame having respective first and second side portions and top and bottom portions, the first and second sides attached to each other through top and bottom portions; one or more support arms extending between the frame first and second sides, the one or more support arms affixed to the frame to allow rotational movement of the one or more support arms; one or more clips affixed to the support arms, the one or more clips configured to hold a work piece; and a buoyant device affixed to the one or more support arms.

Abstract: Using processes disclosed herein, materials and structures are created and used. For example, processes can include melting boron nitride or amorphous carbon into an undercooled state followed by quenching. Exemplary new materials disclosed herein can be ferromagnetic and/or harder than diamond. Materials disclosed herein may include dopants in concentrations exceeding thermodynamic solubility limits. A novel phase of solid carbon has structure different than diamond and graphite.

Abstract: Using processes disclosed herein, materials and structures are created and used. For example, processes can include melting boron nitride or amorphous carbon into an undercooled state followed by quenching. Exemplary new materials disclosed herein can be ferromagnetic and/or harder than diamond. Materials disclosed herein may include dopants in concentrations exceeding thermodynamic solubility limits. A novel phase of solid carbon has structure different than diamond and graphite.

Abstract: Using processes disclosed herein, materials and structures are created and used. For example, processes can include melting boron nitride or amorphous carbon into an undercooled state followed by quenching. Exemplary new materials disclosed herein can be ferromagnetic and/or harder than diamond. Materials disclosed herein may include dopants in concentrations exceeding thermodynamic solubility limits. A novel phase of solid carbon has structure different than diamond and graphite.