Abstract: A dialysis apparatus has a dialysate circuit 4 which is cleaned after dialysis by both opening/closing valves V101 and V102 being closed after a dialysate in the dialysate circuit 4 is replaced with a cleaning liquid. The opening/closing valve V12 is opened, and the cleaning liquid is circulated by pumps P1 and P4 while being heated by a heater H1, to clean the inside of the dialysate circuit 4. A deaeration tank 31 is provided downstream of the pump P1. Air bubbles generated from the cleaning liquid serving as hot water are deaerated by the deaeration tank 31 and are then discharged into a gas storage tank 48 via a deaeration passage 32. The pumps P1 and P4 can be reliably prevented from being unable to operate with the air bubbles generated from the cleaning liquid.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for treating a pregnancy related hypertensive disorder, such as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, using ex vivo treatment with an anti-sFlt-1 receptor (sFlt-1) antibody bound to a solid support in order to reduce blood levels of sFlt-1. Further disclosed are the sequences of the heavy chain and light chain CDRs of the anti-sFlt-1 antibodies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of removing blood from an extracorporeal blood circuit following termination of a blood treatment session, wherein blood is concurrently removed both from an arterial conduit portion and from a venous conduit portion of the extracorporeal blood circuit. It further relates to a method for recognizing and/or eliminating air inclusions in or from an extracorporeal blood circuit and a treatment apparatus as well as a tube system.

Abstract: A suction device includes an outer tube having an inlet at a first end and an inner suction tube located within the outer tube, the inner suction tube having an inlet at a first end corresponding to the first end of the outer tube. The inlet of the inner suction tube is offset by a distance from the inlet of the outer suction tube, such that the inlet of the inner suction tube is located within the outer suction tube.

Abstract: A pre-fill syringe with a receiver tube (1, 12, 21) with a nozzle (4, 20) positioned at the nozzle-side end of the receiving tube (1, 12, 21), the piston (2, 18) is to be formed in such a manner that it for a transport state at the nozzle-side end of the receiver tube (1, 12, 21) can be connected with the receiving tube.

Abstract: An insulin pump data acquisition device including: an insulin pump casing having an interior volume; an environmental sensor operable to generate environmental data in response to environmental conditions; memory operably connected to the environmental sensor, the memory being operable to store the environmental data; a controller operably connected to the environmental sensor and the memory, the controller being operable to control reading of the environmental data from the environmental sensor and writing of the environmental data to the memory; and a battery operably connected to power the environmental sensor, the memory, and the controller; wherein the environmental sensor, the memory, the controller, and the battery are disposed within the interior volume.

Abstract: A medical device is provided comprising a transcutaneous device unit and a reservoir unit. The transcutaneous device unit comprises a transcutaneous device for transporting a fluid through a skin portion of a subject, and a mounting surface adapted for application to the skin of the subject. The reservoir unit comprises a reservoir adapted to contain a fluid drug, the reservoir comprising an outlet means allowing the transcutaneous device to be arranged in fluid communication with an interior of the reservoir, and an expelling assembly for expelling a fluid drug out of the reservoir and through the skin of the subject via the transcutaneous device. The transcutaneous device unit and the reservoir unit further comprise coupling means allowing the reservoir unit to be secured to the transcutaneous device unit in the situation of use. By this arrangement a two-unit system is provided which can be used in a convenient and cost-effective manner.

Abstract: Micro-volume devices, systems, and associated methods that facilitate the injection or aspiration of precisely controlled volumes of materials at precisely controlled rates are provided. In one embodiment, a micro-volume device includes a syringe and a lead screw connected to a plunger of the syringe. A mechanical interface is connected to the lead screw and includes a first set of cams adjacent a proximal portion and a second set of cams adjacent a distal portion. A mechanism is configured to oscillate a structure in a direction parallel to a longitudinal axis of the lead screw such that one or more projections of the structure to alternatively engage cams of the first and second sets of cams in a manner that results in rotation of the mechanical interface in a single direction for highly controlled linear displacement of the plunger.

Abstract: A device for inserting an infusion cannula, or sensor, into a patient is presented. The device comprises an insertion needle removable within the infusion cannula, a handle connected to the insertion needle, and a needle cover. The needle cover pivotably mounted on the handle is rotatably movable between a first position, i.e., the front of the insertion needle is in the needle cover, and a second position, i.e., the front is exposed. An infusion site interface comprises a body mounted on a pad attached to the patient; an infusion cannula for inserting into the patient that is connected to the body; a cavity within the body fluidly connected to the cannula; and a septum that seals closed the cavity. The septum is penetrable by an insertion needle in the infusion cannula and by a hollow needle of an infusion tubing connector coupled to the infusion site interface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a drive system of a syringe pump, comprising: an outer sleeve (11) having an inner wall provided with a resistive sheet slot and a conductive sheet slot, both of which slot extending axially; a resistive sheet (12) provided in the resistive sheet slot and a conductive sheet (13) provided in the conductive sheet slot; an injection pushrod (14) slidably provided in the outer sleeve (11), wherein a hermetic seal is maintained between the injection pushrod (14) and the inner wall of the outer sleeve (11), and a cavity having an opening is provided on the injection pushrod (14), with the opening of the cavity being provided at a tail end of the injection pushrod (14); an elastic conductive contact sheet (15) fixedly provided on the injection pushrod (14), with one end of the elastic conductive contact sheet (15) being in contact with the conductive sheet (13) and the other end being in contact with the resistive sheet (12); and a drive device provided in the cavity and driving the injection pushrod (1

Abstract: An auto-injector for administering a dose of a liquid medicament (M) is presented comprising an elongate housing arranged to contain a syringe with a hollow needle and a stopper for sealing the syringe and displacing the medicament (M), the housing having a distal end (D) and a proximal end (P) with an orifice intended to be applied against an injection site, wherein the syringe is slidably arranged with respect to the housing. The auto-injector contains a spring means capable of, upon activation, pushing the needle from a covered position inside the housing into an advanced position through the orifice and past the proximal end (P), operating the syringe to supply the dose of medicament (M), and retracting the syringe with the needle into the covered position after delivering the medicament (M). There is also an activating means arranged to lock the spring means in a pressurized state prior to manual operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrangement for use in a drug delivery device comprising a cartridge holder, the cartridge holder comprising an opening at its distal end, a needle holder and one or more intermediate elements, wherein when the needle holder is mounted to the cartridge holder and the one or more intermediate elements are arranged in the opening of the cartridge holder whereby the size of the free space within the opening is reduced. Furthermore, it relates to a drug delivery device which is comprising such an arrangement and to a method for stabilizing a septum located at the distal end of a medicament cartridge.

Abstract: An injection system for co-delivery of two medicaments (1, 2) having a drug delivery device (7) containing a primary reservoir (11) containing a first medicament (1) and having a secondary reservoir (5, 17, 30) containing a second medicament (2) where the drug delivery device (7) has only one dose setter (12) for the primary reservoir (11) and that automatically determines the dose of the second medicament (2). Both medicaments (1, 2) are delivered through a single dispense interface (3, 16, 21, 31).

Abstract: Mixing syringes including a valve mechanism are configured and configurable to enable one or more substances to be prefilled into the syringe. The valve mechanism may be an aspect of a distal seal assembly. Actuation of the valve mechanism permits opening of a fluid passage for the mixing of one or more substances, and the resulting mixed substance can be delivered by the syringe, for example, for administration of a pharmaceutical to a subject. The repetitive mixing of substances contained in a distal and proximal chamber is also provided, where the plunger rod is configured to releasably engage a locking mechanism to actuate the valve, and can axially displace the distal seal assembly while the fluid passage is open.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a valve assembly comprising a male luer end portion and a female luer end portion and a passage for the transfer of fluids extending between the male and female luer end portions, valve means movable between a first position, in which the passage is closed, and a second position, in which the passage is open, biasing means for biasing the valve means toward the first position, and actuating means extending into the male luer end portion and coupled to the valve means to actuate the valve means when a female luer end portion of a medical accessory is engaged with the male luer end portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for determining a position (x) of a stopper relative to a container in a drug delivery device, comprising an acoustic source configured to emit an acoustic signal and an acoustic sensor configured to detect an acoustic signal, a processing unit for controlling the acoustic source and processing the detected acoustic signal for determining characteristics of the acoustic signal correlated with the position (x) of the stopper. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for determining a position (x) of a stopper relative to a container in a drug delivery device, the method comprising the steps of emitting an acoustic signal from an acoustic source, detecting an acoustic signal caused by the emitted acoustic signal by means of an acoustic sensor, and processing the detected acoustic signal for determining characteristics of the acoustic signal correlated with the position (x) of the stopper by means of a processing unit.

Abstract: A stopper adapted for attachment with a plunger rod for use within a syringe barrel is disclosed. The stopper includes a main body defining an open rearward end and a closed front end. The open rearward end is adapted to receive a front forward end attachment portion of the plunger rod. The stopper also includes a core member integrally formed with the main body adjacent the closed front end. The core member includes a nose portion having a conical tip configured for entering an outlet opening of the syringe barrel. The closed front end of the stopper has a profile configured to cooperate with an internal surface of the syringe barrel wall to prevent reflux and reduce dead space within the barrel.

Abstract: An assembly for a drug delivery device, comprising: a housing having a distal end and a proximal end, a piston rod, a drive member, the drive member being moveable in a proximal direction with respect to the housing and with respect to the piston rod for setting a dose of a drug, at least one stop member which is provided on one of the piston rod and the drive member and which is radially moveable with respect to the one of the piston rod and the drive member on which it is provided, and at least one interaction member which is provided on the other one of the piston rod and the drive member. Furthermore, a piston rod for a drug delivery device is provided.

Abstract: An assembly for a drug delivery device, and a drug delivery device, are proposed with a housing having proximal and distal ends. A dose member is displaceable proximally with respect to the housing for setting of a dose of a drug. A clutch member is displaceable proximally with respect to the housing when setting the dose. A stop member is configured to define a clutch stop position for the proximal displacement of the clutch member with respect to the housing, the clutch member, when in the clutch stop position, is prevented from further displacement proximally with respect to the housing, and the clutch member and the dose member are configured to mechanically cooperate with one another when the clutch member is in the clutch stop position, thereby preventing further displacement of the dose member proximally with respect to the housing during setting of the dose.

Abstract: A mechanical patient-controlled analgesia device for injecting medicine into a patient's IV, includes an IV reservoir and a syringe communicated to the IV reservoir and having a syringe plunger. A mechanical biasing element is provided for exerting bias on the syringe plunger in a first syringe-filling direction to draw medicine from the IV reservoir into the syringe. An injection plunger is operable by the patient to move the syringe plunger in a second injection direction against the bias to inject the medicine in the syringe into a patient's IV. The injection plunger is movable independently of the syringe plunger and is engaged with but unconnected to the syringe plunger when the patient moves the injection plunger to inject the medicine. The patient can inject only a calibrated amount of medicine drawn into the syringe as determined by calibration of the biasing element and a metering element for a given viscosity of the medication.

Abstract: A safety device for a pre-filled syringe is proposed that comprises a hollow support body with a helical groove formed into an inner surface thereof, a mounting collar for mounting the pre-filled syringe to the support body, a spinning collar with a helical tongue formed to an outer surface thereof and a torsion spring. The helical groove accommodates the helical tongue. Upon release, the torsion spring is capable of exerting a torque upon the spinning collar which causes the spinning collar to rotate within the support body. The engagement of the helical groove and the helical tongue redirects the rotational movement of the spinning collar to a translatory movement that moves the mounting collar in a proximal direction.

Abstract: A medicament delivery device is presented having a housing configured to receive a medicament container having a delivery member and a shield, a protective cap, and wherein the protective cap comprises connecting means for connecting to the shield of the medicament container such that removal of the protective cap from the housing causes removal of the shield from the medicament container. The delivery device is characterized in that a protective cap assembly has a first disconnecting means configured to interact with corresponding second disconnecting means of the housing and of the protective cap such that activation of the first disconnecting means of the protective cap assembly causes the displacement of the protective cap relative to the housing.

Abstract: An ultrasound-guided piercing needle constituting the internal needle of an indwelling needle has ridged and grooved portions which reflect ultrasonic waves. The ridged and grooved portions comprise grooves, which are disposed on the outer periphery near the tip having a blade face, and ridges, which are arranged on both sides of the grooves.

Abstract: The present invention relates to connectors for uses where an indicator/alarm must be activated if the axial force rises above a predetermined value. It can be used in applications where excessive forces on tubings/connectors are not acceptable, for example, in tubes/couplings in fluids, and in electronic/electric, optical and other systems where a strain-relief cannot be employed.

Abstract: Dosage forms containing pharmaceutical compositions for use in devices to produce a spray or mist delivery of the compositions include dosage blister compartments and a dispensing blister compartment, wherein crushing of the compartments delivers the compositions in a desired spray pattern. Certain dosage forms include a plurality of dosage chambers each containing a component or a portion of a pharmaceutical composition, the contents of which are mixed or combined just prior to or during administration.

Abstract: A medicated inhalant dispenser has a plastics material body having a mouthpiece. A pressurized, inhalant source has a canister and a sprout which his moved towards the canister for release of a dose from the canister. The sprout is accommodated in a junction member, which is movable by a cam connected to a pivotal cover for the mouthpiece. Opening of the cover sets a breath actuable kink valve, having a nozzle through which the inhalant is released and a breath flap actuation. Opening also causes the junction member to be lifted for dose dispensing into the kink valve. Breathing in releases the dose for inhalation. A closed sleeve is provided for abutment of the end of the canister as the junction member is moved towards the canister. Between the canister end and an end of the closed sleeve, an adjustable abutment is provided.

Abstract: A pressurized flow of breathable gas is delivered to the airway of a subject in accordance with a therapy regimen. One or more fluid parameters of the pressurized flow of breathable gas are adjusted based on the therapy regimen. The therapy regimen dictates that such adjustments be made based on the respiratory state of the subject. Transitions in respiratory state are identified without relying on measurement or estimation of flow at or near the airway of subject. Transitions in respiratory state are identified based on changes in the first time derivative of flow at or near the airway of the subject. In one embodiment, an effort parameter is determined that approximates the second time derivative of flow. Based on comparisons of the effort parameter to a dynamic threshold, transitions in respiratory state are identified.

Abstract: A method for controlling a capacity of a carbon dioxide remover in an anesthesia breathing system is disclosed herein. The method includes determining exhaled breathing gas flow volume of a subject in the breathing system, and determining exhaled gas flow volume removed from the breathing system. The method also includes determining carbon dioxide concentration exhaled, and calculating a data indicative of a volume of carbon dioxide removed by the carbon dioxide remover from a breathing gas flow based on the determined exhaled breathing gas flow volume, the determined exhaled gas flow volume removed from the breathing system and the determined carbon dioxide concentration. The method also includes storing the calculated data indicative of the volume of carbon dioxide removed by the carbon dioxide remover, and comparing the stored calculated data with information indicative of carbon dioxide removing capacity of the carbon dioxide remover.

Abstract: A respiratory interface device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) comprising a main body (12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82) that includes a fluid conduit adapted to be connected to a breathing circuit, and a sealing member (15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85) adapted to engage a surface of a patient, such that the fluid conduit is in fluid communication, in use, with an airway of the patient, wherein the sealing member (15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85) includes a plasticizing agent, and a barrier member (18, 28, 38, 48, 58, 68, 78, 88) is provided between the sealing member (15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85) and the main body (12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82) of the device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80), the barrier member (18, 28, 38, 48, 58, 68, 78, 88) at least impeding the migration of plasticizing agent from the sealing member (15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75, 85) to the main body (12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82) of the device (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80).

Abstract: A respiratory mask assembly includes a respiratory mask including a mask shell and a mask cushion, a forehead support adjustably coupled to the mask, and an angular adjustment member. The forehead support includes a joining member provided to the mask shell and a cushion frame pivotally mounted to the joining member. The cushion frame is adapted to be selectively locked against pivotal movement in at least three predetermined angular positions relative to the joining member by a tongue and slot arrangement. The angular adjustment member allows relative angular adjustment between the cushion frame and the joining member. The angular adjustment member includes a pair of flexible arms that are adapted to be flexed towards one another to disengage the tongue from a respective one of the slots, and releasing the flexible arms allows the flexible arms to resiliently flex away from one another to engage the tongue and the respective slot.

Abstract: A portable oxygen concentrator designed for medical use where the sieve beds, adsorbers, are designed to be replaced by a patient. The concentrator is designed so that the beds are at least partially exposed to the outside of the system and can be easily released by a simple user-friendly mechanism. Replacement beds may be installed easily by patients, and all gas seals will function properly after installation.

Abstract: An adaptor for delivering an aerosolized active agent to a patient with concomitant positive pressure ventilation includes an aerosol flow channel having an aerosol inlet port and a patient interface port, and defining an aerosol flow path from the aerosol inlet port to and through the patient interface port; and a ventilation gas flow channel in fluid communication with the aerosol flow channel and having a gas inlet port and a gas outlet port, and defining a ventilation gas flow path from the gas inlet port to and through the gas outlet port, wherein the ventilation gas flow path is at least partially offset from the aerosol flow path and at least partially encircles the aerosol flow path. Systems and methods for delivering an aerosolized active agent to a patient with concomitant positive pressure ventilation incorporate the adaptor.

Abstract: A method for making an absorbable microtube comprising the steps of a) extruding an absorbable polymer melt through a die to produce a molten extrudate; b) passing the molten extrudate vertically through an air gap ranging from about 0.1 to 0.5 inch as measured-from-the tip of the die to the surface of a liquid quenching medium to produce a quenched extrudate; and c) drawing the quenched extrudate to produce a drawn tube having an outer diameter of about 4 to about 12 mil; and an absorbable microtube that is made according to this method.

Abstract: A medical device including a shaft having an elongated inner member and an elongated tubular reinforcing member disposed over at least a portion of the inner member. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the outer surface of the inner member is spaced from the inner surface of the reinforcing member, defining a space substantially free of any other structures of the device. In some embodiments, the shaft can include a tip structure disposed on a distal portion of the inner member. In some such embodiments, the reinforcing member has a distal end, and the tip structure is disposed on the distal portion of the inner member adjacent the distal end of the reinforcing member. Additionally, in some embodiments, the reinforcing member can include a plurality of apertures defined therein, for example, to enhance the flexibility or other such characteristics of all or portions of the reinforcing member.

Abstract: A catheter comprising a steering cable anchor, which is preferably disposed at the distal end of the catheter, and a steering cable. In order to obtain a reliable connection between the steering cable anchor and the steering cable, which is also suitable for use in MRI, a substantially dumbbell-shaped element is disposed between the steering cable anchor and the steering cable and connects the steering cable anchor to the steering cable.

Abstract: The invention provides an apparatus and method of securing a length of flexible conduit to a subject, and adjusting the flexible conduit to a length tailored to the subject, in order to reduce or eliminate excess conduit traversing the subject's body. The apparatus comprises a base with elongate channels for accepting flexible conduit, a lid which mates with the base, and a securing member for attaching the mated base and lid to the body of the subject.

Abstract: An integrated vascular delivery system having a frame configured to receive a catheter insertable in a patient to deliver fluid at an insertion site. The frame includes a first hub, a second hub, and a pair of flexible lateral members extending between the hubs and including a tubular lateral member. The system also includes a fluidic channel that fluidically communicates with the catheter, wherein the fluidic channel passes through the tubular lateral member and at least one of the hubs, and includes a fixed turnabout portion in which fluid flows in a direction different from that within the catheter. The first and second hubs provide anchoring points on the patient distributed around the insertion site and on opposite ends of the catheter, thereby anchoring the frame to the patient and stabilizing the catheter. A method is provided for using an integrated vascular delivery system.

Abstract: The present invention extends to a blood control catheter valve for use in a catheter adapter. The blood control catheter value employs an actuator for bypassing a septum to open the blood control catheter valve. The actuator includes flexible retention arms positioned on one end which retract into the body of the actuator while the end of the actuator passes through the septum, and then expand outwardly to maintain the actuator positioned within the septum. This design facilitates the manufacturing of catheter adapters (as well as blood control catheter valves and other components that attach to the catheter adapter) because the design can reduce the tolerance requirements of such components. Further, the design provides a reliable blood control catheter valve that does not require the catheter adapter to be increased in size to accommodate the valve.

Abstract: A primary lumen and a secondary lumen, which is formed so as to be expandable, are formed inside a sheath main body having a deformation portion which is disposed so as to include at least a part of the outer peripheral portion of the sheath main body. The deformation portion is deformed so as to be expanded outwardly in accordance with the expansion of the secondary lumen.

Abstract: A balloon catheter having multiple tubular members, an adaptor member connected thereto and a balloon for dilation of constricted blood vessel, wherein the peeling strength of the balloon surfaces when adheres to each other is 0.06 N or more and the modulus of the balloon in the axial direction is 100 N/mm2 or more, and wherein the coated resin composition contains a hydrophilic resin that is lubricating when wet. Furthermore, the outer surface of the balloon is made of a polyamide elastomer resin composition having a durometer hardness of 55 D or less. Thus, there can be provided a balloon catheter excelling in handling property, for which keeping the balloon highly penetrable through the stricture site as the accordion phenomenon of the balloon is prevented, and simultaneously preserving the other properties of the balloon (flexibility of balloon, wrapping dimension, and dilation/shrinkage response etc.).

Abstract: Medical devices, methods and kits are described. An exemplary medical device comprises a catheter that has a catheter wall and defines a catheter lumen, a bend, and a coil disposed distal to the bend. The catheter defines one or more apertures that extend through the catheter wall and are in communication with the catheter lumen.

Abstract: A port protection device mainly comprised of a rigid back plate with a shock absorbing pad adhered underneath, the device being held in place against the chest of the child by using elastic straps and latching clasps. The absorbing pad provides a consistent soft contact area with the skin and chest which distributes the impact over a large area rather than localized points. This distribution reduces the possibility of pain and injury to the chest. The adjustable elastic straps allow the device be held tightly against the body and chest and not allow for movement of the device during sports and physical activity.

Abstract: A hemostasis mechanism includes a deformable seal, and a plunger guided for translation within a housing to displace a fluid to a clearance extending between the deformable seal and the housing. The displaced fluid increases fluid pressure in the clearance to deform the deformable seal into sealing contact with a medical device. An actuator for the plunger includes a linkage having arms rotatable about first and second axes, and configured such that their rotation is converted into translation of the plunger. The linkage is adjustable from a retracted configuration to an advanced, cammed-over configuration.

Abstract: Coupling arrangements and connectors for establishing a substantially fluid-tight removable connection between a fluid port in a medical device such as an endoscope. Various embodiments of the connectors may be coupled to a fluid conduit that may be attached to a decontamination or reprocessing device used to flow fluid through corresponding channels in the medical device during the decontamination process.

Abstract: A vascular access device having a fluid chamber in which UV-C radiation is emitted to irradiate pathogens contained in an infusate flowing though the fluid chamber.

Abstract: A syringe assembly is provided comprising a syringe cylinder extending from an opening configured to receive a plunger to an end configured to couple with a needle and/or medical tubing, a cap configured to couple to the end, and barrier material at least partially encompassing the cap and the end. A syringe assembly is provided comprising a syringe cylinder extending from an opening configured to receive a plunger to an end configured to couple with a needle and/or medical tubing, a plunger extending from one end to a seal end, and at least one cap configured to couple to the one end. A syringe assembly is provided comprising a syringe cylinder extending from an opening configured to receive a plunger to an end configured to couple with a needle and/or medical tubing, and a plunger extending from one end to a seal end, the one end of the plunger defining a recess configured to receive at least one cap.

Abstract: A holding apparatus for holding at least one tube clamp on a medical tube, the tube clamp including at least one, usually two, clamping section(s) for altering a luminal cross-section of a medical tube during use, includes at least one receiving structure for detachably receiving at least one section of the tube clamp. A medical tube with at least one holding apparatus as well as a method for sterilizing a medical tube are also described.

Abstract: The present invention consists of an implantable device with at least one package that houses electronics that receives input data or signals, and optionally power, from an external system through at least one coil attached to the at least one package, processes the input data and delivers electrical pulses to neural tissue through at least one array of multiple electrodes that is/are attached to the at least one package. The invention, or components thereof, is/are intended to be installed in the head, or on or in the cranium or on the dura, or on or in the brain.

Abstract: Biocompatible electrodes with smaller geometric area improve the selectivity of the neural recording and stimulation applications. A volume within the electrode back plane of a micro-reaction chamber (?RC) is used to confine and sequester an electrochemical reaction used for charge passage. The ?RC electrode decreases impedance and improves charge storage capacity without altering the geometry of the active site.

Abstract: A medical device delivers a therapy to a patient. The medical device or another device may periodically determine an activity level or gait parameter of the patient, and associate each determined level or parameter with a current therapy parameter set. A value of at least one activity metric is determined for each of a plurality of therapy parameter sets based on the activity levels or parameters associated with that therapy parameter set. Whether the patient is currently experiencing or anticipated to experience gait freeze caused by their neurological disorder, such as Parkinson's disease, may also be determined. Gait freeze events may be associated with current therapy parameters and used to determine activity metric values. In some examples, the activity metric associated with certain therapy parameters may be presented to a user.