Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling traffic of a second electronic device, which interworks with a first electronic device, in the first electronic device is provided. The method includes detecting occurrence of an event which needs to be notified to the second electronic device, determining a time to notify the occurrence of the event based on a driving time of the second electronic device, and transmitting an event occurrence notification signal to the second electronic device at the determined notification time.

Abstract: The method is used in the AP, including: the AP suspending a high-speed bus directly when the terminal enters a standby state; the AP resuming the high-speed bus and inquiring a network connection state of the BP when the terminal is wakened; and if connection, the AP continuing to use a wireless data link, otherwise, the BP re-establishing a wireless data link. The method is used in the BP, including: the BP entering a standby state directly when the BP detects that a high-speed bus is suspended; the BP entering a wakening state after detecting that the high-speed bus is resumed, inquiring and feeding back a network connection state of the BP to the AP after receiving an instruction of inquiring the networking state of the AP; re-establishing a wireless data link or maintaining a wireless data link of a current networking after receiving a networking instruction of the AP.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer program product for wireless communication are provided. The apparatus configured to establish a wireless connection to a first network, tune away from the first network for a first predetermined interval, tune back to the first network after the first predetermined interval, enter a power control freeze state for a second predetermined interval after tuning back to the first network, send a plurality of transmissions to the first network during the second predetermined interval, determine if a number of the plurality of transmissions that are not received by the first network exceeds a first threshold or if a number of the plurality of transmissions that are retransmitted to the first network exceeds a second threshold, and exit the power control freeze state when it is determined that the first threshold is exceeded or when it is determined that the second threshold is exceeded.

Abstract: A communication receiver which applies signal processing for quantitatively estimating receive signal factors such as communication channel quality, signal characteristics, and overall system received bit error rate (BER) or packet error rate (PER) and which applies a general algorithm for mapping these estimated factors to control receiver performance and minimize power consumption.

Abstract: A method is provided for a wireless communication device containing at least a main processor for data processing, and a transmitter and a receiver for wireless communication. The method includes providing power to the main processor using a power source via a power switch, performing device initialization of the wireless communication device, and determining whether the wireless communication device recovers from a power-down standby mode, where the power source is disconnected to the main processor such that the main processor does not consume power from the power source. Further, the method includes recovering device states based on information stored on a non-volatile storage when it is determined that the wireless communication device recovers from a power-down standby mode. The method also includes reporting device status including at least battery level of the wireless communication device to an external server based on configuration information on the wireless communication device.

Abstract: A method for managing power in a mobile terminal is provided. The method includes determining whether residual power indicative of residual battery power of the mobile terminal is less than or equal to predetermined reference power, if a power management mode is run; generating guide data to be provided to a user based on the residual power, if the residual power is less than or equal to the reference power; and displaying the guide data.

Abstract: When a UE in an LTE system enters the RRC_IDLE state, only the S5/S8 EPS bearer context is retained, and the S1-U, S1-AP and radio bearers are released. These bearers have to be re-established on per UE basis when the UE returns to RRC_CONNECTED state. A number of UE applications may send small data frequently, which causes the UE to toggle between IDLE and CONNECTED states. This leads to a great deal of signaling overhead as the radio bearer and the S1-U bearer must be frequently re-established as the UE transitions between IDLE to CONNECTED states. Described herein are methods and systems that provide an always-on S1-U bearer to reduce this signaling overhead.

Abstract: A management server in a network including a first transmitting device that communicates with a first receiving device and a second transmitting device that communicates with a second receiving device. The management server includes a network interface that receives a parameter corresponding to a level of improvement of communication quality at the second receiving device, and a processor that calculates an allowable interference amount at the first receiving device based on the parameter.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for efficiently transmitting or reporting a Power Headroom Report (PHR) of a User Equipment (UE) are provided. The method of transmitting the PHR of the UE in a mobile communication system includes configuring an extended PHR including an indicator corresponding to a variation factor of a maximum transmission power of the UE, and transmitting the extended PHR from the UE to a Base Station (BS). The BS may be notified of a maximum transmission power of the UE and a variation factor corresponding to the maximum transmission power in order to enable efficient scheduling.

Abstract: A wireless device transmits a power headroom report media access control element (PHR MAC CE). The PHR MAC CE comprises a presence field comprising a plurality of presence bits. The presence field is of a fixed size of one octet when up to seven of the one or more secondary cells are each configured with a cell index having a value between one and seven. The presence field is of a fixed size of four octets when the one or more secondary cells comprise more than seven secondary cells with configured uplinks.

Abstract: A method for integrating network subscribers into a time-synchronized ad-hoc network forms individual clusters in each case of regionally adjacent network subscribers and implements a time synchronization of the network subscribers within each cluster. Following this, a network subscriber at the periphery of each cluster is selected in order to identify at least one network subscriber to be integrated into the respective cluster. Finally, the subscribers of the respective cluster are time-synchronized with every identified network subscriber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a main synchronization sequence design method for global covering multi-beam satellite LTE, comprising the follow steps: extending a standard Zadoff-Chu sequence to a generalized Zadoff-Chu sequence so as to obtain an initial candidate main synchronization sequence set of more candidate sequences; gradually narrowing down the candidate main synchronization sequence set according to a selection standard of a main synchronization sequence to obtain a final candidate main synchronization sequence set; and obtaining a main synchronization sequence set with optimal eclectic performance and complexity from the final candidate main synchronization sequence set. According to the present invention, a main synchronization sequence with optimal eclectic performance and calculation complexity can be designed for a global covering same-frequency networking multi-beam satellite LTE system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for efficiently performing device to device synchronization and device identification in a device to device communication system, and devices for supporting the methods. The method for supporting device to device synchronization and identification in a wireless access system that supports device to device communication according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of: allowing a first device to broadcast a RACH signal for device to device synchronization in a peer discovery section; allowing the first device to receive a first response message transmitted from a second device as a response to the RACH signal; and transmitting a message including device identification information for the first device to the second device.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments for updating a controller of a primary device of a power substation. An actual time is received from a time server via a cell phone communication network with a mobile device and the actual time is sent with the mobile device via a local wireless communication network to the controller.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a system comprises a clock, a root node, a radio channel network, and first and second child nodes. The clock may be configured to generate a clock signal. The root node may be configured to generate a first frame including a first payload and a first overhead and generate a second frame including a second payload and a second overhead. The first and second overheads may comprise a synchronization value based on the clock signal. The radio channel network may be in communication with the root node for transmitting the first and second frames. Each first and second child nodes may be configured to perform clock recovery including frequency synchronization using the synchronization value and a respective phase-lock loop.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes of creating, updating, and releasing SYNC entities between eNB and BM-SC, and an eNB and a BM-SC for implementing the processes of creating, updating, and releasing the SYNC entities. According to a solution of the present invention, a method of creating SYNC entities is provided, including: creating, at a BM-SC, a plurality of SYNC entities whose amount is equal to the total amount of services, and associating the created plurality of SYNC entities with the services in a one-to-one correspondence manner; sending a SYNC entity creating instruction to all eNBs within an MBSFN area; creating, at each eNB, a plurality of SYNC entities whose amount is equal to the total amount of services based on the received SYNC entity creating instruction, and associating the created plurality of SYNC entities with the services in a one-to-one correspondence manner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for frequency offset estimation exploits the differences in reference symbol timing for different channels to resolve ambiguities in the frequency offset estimation. Based on the initial frequency offset estimates, a hypothesis table is constructed providing hypothesized frequency offsets for each channel for a plurality of possible offset regions. An error metric for each offset region is calculated based on the difference of the hypothesized frequency offsets. The set of hypothesized frequency offsets that minimize the error metric is selected as the final frequency offset estimates.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, storing subscription utilization information in the memory where the subscription utilization information is indicative of a history of subscription usage by the device and where registration information associated with a group of subscription agreements is stored in the memory, receiving location information from the device processor where the location information indicates a location of the device, and selecting a target subscription agreement from among the group of subscription agreements according to the history of subscription usage and the location information. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed systems and methods relate to determining and optimizing a location of an access node within a network. In one aspect, a computing device may analyze information related to location, timing delays, and wireless (e.g., Wi-Fi) parameters such as signal strength to confirm and/or optimize the location of an access node. The location information may include global positioning system (GPS) coordinates of the access node and user devices, and the timing delay information may include data associated with delays in transmitting a signal from a provider to a device associated with the access node and nearby devices.

Abstract: A method for building a database for fingerprinting positioning including: generating, by a database building device, raw data by collecting received signal strengths (RSSs) for access points (APs) at each sample point (SP); and generating a cluster table by clustering SPs for each of the APs according to the RSS for the AP, using the generated raw data.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems for generating enhanced location information on or about a mobile device may include hybrid lateration and/or trilateration solutions in which the mobile device determines whether information obtained via a geospatial system of the mobile device is accurate, collects location information from a plurality of mobile devices in response to determining that the information obtained via the geospatial system of the mobile device is not accurate, computes computing more precise location information (including three-dimensional location and position information) based on the location information collected from the plurality of mobile devices, and uses the computed more precise location information to provide an enhanced location based service, such as an emergency location service, a commercial location service, an internal location service and/or a lawful intercept location service.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method of estimating the location of a plurality of electromagnetic signal sources, comprising: scanning at a first plurality of locations to generate signal source position data, the signal source position data representing estimates of the position of at least one of said signal sources; scanning at a second plurality of locations using a signal detection system to generate signal detection data, the signal detection data relating to signals received at the second plurality of locations from the signal sources; processing the signal source position data in dependence on the signal detection data to correct estimation errors in the signal source position data; and outputting the processed signal source position data.

Abstract: An example method is provided in one example embodiment and includes receiving a handover request from a first radio network to handover a user equipment (UE) to a second radio network, wherein the handover request includes an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) for a user associated with the UE and a pseudo cell identifier (ID); determining a target channel configuration for the UE using the pseudo cell ID; querying a third radio network using the user IMSI to determine a location of the UE, wherein at least one access point in the third radio network is in communication with the UE; and selecting a particular target access point in the second radio network for handover of the UE based, at least in part, on the location of the UE, the target channel configuration for the UE and a location of the particular target access point.

Abstract: A method for determining information regarding a location of a target. A signal is sent from a first device to the target, and a total flight time delay is measured. Based on the total flight time delay, a distance of the target from the first device is determined thereby establishing a total possible area for the target location. A medial node with a known location is identified, and a flight time delay from the first device to the medial node is determined thereby permitting a determination of the distance of the target from the medial node and a reduced possible target area. Further reduced areas can be established with iterations of the medial node identification. Refinement can be achieved by automatically applying a probabilistic distribution with geographic regions of reduced confidence and geographic regions of elevated confidence as may be based on physical terrain, population density, and communication bandwidth.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for ranking wireless access points using crowdsourced information, and using these rankings to determine a priority of tiles to download to a mobile device. The number of tiles that may be downloaded by a mobile device and/or the number of wireless access points in each tile may be optimized, based on wireless access point rankings and tile priority.

Abstract: System and methods are described to track and warn a person suspected of texting while driving, or alternately to block texting for drivers of moving vehicles. The position and speed of cell phones, and a GPS-enabled telematics system if present, are compared with those of other GPS-enabled devices in the vicinity. If the position and speed of a phone track that of one or more neighboring phones or a telematics system, it is assumed that a cell phone user may under certain conditions be texting while driving. For circumstances where persons suspected to be in the same vehicle utilize different service providers, parameters such any of cell phone position, velocity, and direction of travel are time-stamped and then compared. Texting is detected emanating directly from cell phones, or from a telematics system in a vehicle, or via a WiFi hotspot of a cell phone in the vehicle.

Abstract: A customized alerting notification is provided to a user equipment (2) in a wireless communications network comprising a first radio access network (26) and a second radio access network (24). A first message (6, 18, 20) is received from the user equipment at a core network server (4, 16), of the first radio access network on attachment of the user equipment to the first radio access network, the message comprising an indication of a customized alerting notification capability of the user equipment in the second radio access network. In response to initiation of handover of the user equipment from the first radio access network to the second radio access network during an alerting phase of a call initiated from the user equipment using the first radio access network, a second message (12, 22) comprising the indication is sent from the core network server of the first radio access network to a mobility controller (10) coupled with the second radio access network. FIG. 3 to accompany the abstract.

Abstract: A method operating a user equipment for avoiding paging missing in a mobile communication system is provided. The method of operating a user equipment includes performing an area update process caused by a registration area change, performing a reselection of a previous registration area after performing the area update process, and attempting to receive a paging in the previous registration area.

Abstract: A paging procedure implemented by a base station avoids transmission of unnecessary page messages. In a first embodiment, a first base station is notified by a mobile switching center when a paging request is seat to a mobile station is a second base station. The first base station does not page the mobile station, but stores a paging parameter in memory. When the first base station receives a page response message from the mobile station, it correlates the unsolicited page response message with a paged mobile list to determine as corresponding paging parameter, and forwards the page response message with the stored paging parameter to the mobile switching center. In a second embodiment, the first base station pages the mobile station and then sends an immediate paging response to the mobile switching center without waiting for a page response from the mobile station to terminate the paging procedure at the mobile switching center.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to multichannel preferred device notification. A system includes a memory having computer readable instructions and a processor for executing the computer readable instructions. The computer readable instructions include receiving an electronic notification for a user and determining whether a device group including a plurality of electronic devices is defined for the user. A notification subgroup is identified that includes more than one of the electronic devices located within a predefined overlapping notification range based on determining that the device group is defined for the user. A primary device is identified from the notification subgroup based on a notification priority defined for each of the electronic devices in the notification subgroup. Generation of a notification output corresponding to the electronic notification is triggered on the primary device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for routing pages to cellular phones (UE) not connected to a cellular network, but connected to a wireless local area network (I-WLAN), are disclosed. The system can route cellular pages to disconnected cellular devices using 3GPP AAA components, such as a Third Generation Partnership Project authentication, authorization, and accounting (3GPP AAA) server. The system can route pages via a home location register (HLR) connected to the I-WLAN or a mobile switching center (MSC) connected to the I-WLAN. The system can determine an appropriate MSC based on proximity of the MSC to the last known location of the UE, for example, or based on the MSC with the lowest utilization rates. The system can send a page to the UE via the I-WLAN instructing the UE to reconnect to the cellular network. The system can then send cellular data to the UE using the cellular network.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radio communication system in which transmission parameters, such as MCS of MBSFN, the number of subframes, and a transmission power of a reserved cell, are adaptively output, based on a unicast traffic volume in a MBSFN area, a number of terminals, and a number of cells of the MBSFN area, so that a system throughput in the MBSFN area is maximized while satisfying an MBSFN quality requirement condition.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals thereof are disclosed. The apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals comprises an input formatter to format at least one input stream to output DP (Data Pipe) data corresponding to each of a plurality of DPs, wherein the each of a plurality of DPs carries at least one service or at least one service component, an encoder to encode the DP data, a mapper to map the encoded DP data onto constellations, a time interleaver to time interleave the mapped DP data, a frame builder to build at least one signal frame including the time interleaved DP data, a modulator to modulate data in the built at least one signal frame by an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) scheme and a transmitter to transmit the broadcast signals having the modulated data.

Abstract: A system and method for delivery of unmanaged over-the-top (OTT) streams in a cellular network are provided. The method includes monitoring unmanaged OTT streams flow in the cellular network; determining if at least one of the monitored unmanaged OTT streams can be delivered as an OTT stream in a multicast format; reformatting the at least one unmanaged OTT stream into a multicast OTT stream, if the at least one unmanaged OTT stream can be delivered in a multicast format; and delivering the at least one unmanaged OTT stream as a multicast OTT stream to a user edge device over the cellular network.

Abstract: An uplink antenna selection device and method are provided. The device comprises: at least two antennas; at least one antenna feed connected to each antenna, each antenna configured to transmit data on a respective given transmission band paired with a respective associated receive band; and, a processor, in communication with the at least one antenna feed. The processor is configured to: for each of the antennas, determine a respective quality-of-signal (QOS) parameter of at least one respective receive band adjacent to the respective given transmission band, the at least one respective receive band different from the respective associated receive band paired with the respective given transmission band; and control the at least one antenna feed to select one of the antennas for transmitting data on the respective given transmission band based on the respective QOS parameter of the at least one respective receive band for each of the antennas.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a method to be performed by a first wireless communication apparatus in communicating with a second wireless communication apparatus. First, the first wireless communication apparatus determines whether a plurality of sub-channels are simultaneously available for the second wireless communication apparatus. Then, the first wireless communication apparatus simultaneously uses the sub-channels to transmit a plurality of divergent copies of a data segment to the second wireless communication apparatus, respectively, if the sub-channels are simultaneously available for the second wireless communication apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and, more specifically, to a method and device for managing resources of a radio access network (RAN). A method by which a network node of a wireless communication system supports resource management of a RAN, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: receiving and storing, by the network node, a portion or all of user equipment (UE) context information from the RAN at a first time point; and transmitting, by the network node, the portion or all of the UE context information to the RAN at a second time point, wherein a radio resource control (RRC)-connected state for the UE can be maintained for a time including the first time point and the second time point.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a data transmitting method using a bandwidth request channel and a user terminal and a base station conducting the same. The present invention provides a communication method by a user terminal which transmits data to a base station via a bandwidth request channel, including: generating a preamble for bandwidth request; determining whether a message for the bandwidth request is generated; generating a first signal value to be operated with the preamble when it is determined that the message is generated and generating a second signal value to be operated with the preamble when it is determined that the message is not generated; operating the preamble with the generated first signal value or second signal value; and transmitting a signal including the operated preamble to the base station, thereby reducing overhead occurring when the bandwidth request information is demodulated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. Particularly, the present invention relates to a method for transmitting an uplink signal in a wireless communication system and a device therefor, the method comprising the step of transmitting the uplink signal through a plurality of SC-FDMA symbols within a subframe, wherein: the uplink signal includes RI and HARQ-ACK information; the plurality of SC-FDMA symbols include an SC-FDMA symbol #n for an RS, an SC-FDMA symbol of a first set for the RI, and an SC-FDMA symbol of a second set for the HARQ-ACK; n is an integer of 0 or more; the SC-FDMA symbol of the first set includes SC-FDMA symbols #n?2, #n+2, #n+5 and #n+6; and the SC-FDMA symbol of the second set includes SC-FDMA symbols #n?1, #n+1, #n+3 and #n+4.

Abstract: By using a method for coordination between base stations, one base station allocates a resource to user equipment in a better manner with reference to resource configuration information saved in the base station and resource configuration information of another base station. The method provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes: acquiring, by a first base station, resource configuration information of a first cell, where the first cell is a cell served by the first base station; receiving resource configuration information of a second cell sent by a second base station, where the second cell is a cell served by the second base station; and allocating a resource to user equipment according to the resource configuration information of the first cell and the resource configuration information of the second cell, so that the user equipment communicates with the first cell and the second cell.

Abstract: A method of transmitting uplink control information at a communication apparatus configured with a plurality of cells including a first cell and a second cell in a wireless communication system is provided. A first set of one or more Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) signals is received within M downlink subframes through the first cell, where M?1. A second set of zero or more PDSCH signals is received within N downlink subframes through the second cell, where N?1. Acknowledgment information is transmitted on an uplink subframe. The acknowledgment information includes acknowledgment information for the first set and acknowledgment information for the second set. A PDSCH signal without a corresponding Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) signal is present among the first set.

Abstract: The embodiments herein relate to a method in a network node (301) for handling scheduling of a wireless device (305) in a communications network (300). The network node (301) is adapted to communicate wirelessly with the wireless device (305) over a radio channel (310). The network node (301) determines that a data transmission or data reception corresponding to a multi-TTI scheduling message previously transmitted to the wireless device (305) should be at least one of adjusted, interrupted and terminated. The network node (301) transmits, to the wireless device (305), information indicating that the data transmission or data reception corresponding to a previously transmitted multi-Transmission Time Interval, TTI, scheduling message should be at least one of adjusted, interrupted and terminated as determined.

Abstract: The present invention enables a signal containing control information to be efficiently transmitted and received between a base station apparatus and a mobile station apparatus. The mobile station apparatus includes a first control unit configured to control, for a localized EPDCCH which is an EPDCCH constituted by a resource of one PRB pair, the EPDCCH being constituted by an aggregation of one or more ECCEs, a plurality of PRB pairs being configured as a region to which the EPDCCH is to be possibly mapped, an antenna port associated with a reference signal used for demodulation of a signal mapped to a corresponding ECCE constituted by a resource obtained by dividing the PRB pair.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to receive an enhanced physical downlink control channel (EPDCCH) in a wireless communication system. More particularly, the method includes monitoring at least one EPDCCH candidate consisting of one or more enhanced control channel elements (ECCEs) in resource blocks and receiving the EPDCCH, wherein the number of ECCEs forming each of the one or more EPDCCH candidates corresponds to an aggregation level, the number of the EPDCCH candidates is set based on the number of ECCEs for each resource block and the number of resource blocks, and, when the number of resource blocks is a first value and the number of ECCEs for each resource block is a second value, the number of EPDCCH candidates in a specific aggregation level is set as a value obtained by dividing the total number of ECCEs by the specific aggregation level.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a device for sending and receiving an ePDCCH, a base station, and user equipment. The method includes: a base station mapping enhanced resource element groups (eREGs) corresponding to an ePDCCH to different resource elements, wherein each of the eREGs corresponding to the ePDCCH is located in one physical resource block pair; and the base station sending the ePDCCH on the resource elements. The disclosure improves the reliability and resource utilization of ePDCCH transmission.

Abstract: In order to minimize deterioration in the reception accuracy even when downlink signals are transmitted from transmission points to a user terminal, a radio communication method for multiple radio base stations and a user terminal capable of communicating with the radio base stations is provided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a control channel resource transmission method including: obtaining, by a user equipment, a configuration parameter in a candidate control channel set according to a preset protocol and/or higher-layer signaling sent by a base station, where the higher-layer signaling is used to notify the configuration parameter; determining an antenna port according to the obtained configuration parameter; receiving, by using the antenna port, a control channel or a control channel element sent by the base station; and determining, by the base station, the antenna port according to the same configuration parameter as that of the user equipment, and sending, by using the antenna port, the control channel or the control channel element to the user equipment. The embodiments of the present invention are applicable to control channel resource transmission.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for transmitting a sounding signal, a base station and a user equipment, including: receiving a trigger message transmitted by a base station, where the trigger message comprises instruction information, the instruction information is used for instructing at least one UE in a group of user equipments UEs to transmit a sounding signal, and the group of user equipments comprises at least two user equipments; and transmitting the sounding signal to the base station according to the instruction information. According to the method for transmitting the sounding signal, the base station and the user equipment provided by embodiments of the present invention, an eNodeB may trigger at least one UE in a group of UEs to transmit a sounding signal according to a certain rule on a PDCCH, thereby improving efficiency.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, antennas or antenna nodes spaced away from each other by a predetermined distance or more are configured to be able to transmit control information of mutually different user equipment groups, thereby increasing the efficiency in the operation of control channels. In addition, according to another aspect of the present invention, a resource region for transmitting control information for an improved user equipment, which is a target of a multi-node cooperative transmission, is set differently from a resource region for transmitting control information for a legacy user equipment, thereby increasing the efficiency in the transmission of the control information for the improved user equipment.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a downlink control channel in a mobile communication system and a method for mapping the control channel to physical resources using a block interleaver are provided. In order to transmit a downlink control channel in a mobile communication system, information bits are modulated to generate one or more modulation symbols according to a specific modulation scheme, the modulation symbols are interleaved using a block interleaver, and the interleaved modulated symbols are mapped to resource elements allocated for transmission of at least one control channel in a subframe, thereby transmitting the at least one control channel.