Abstract: A biocidal purification reactor, including a main cylinder tube (1A;1B), at least one end cap (2A,2B,2C) closing at least one axial end opening of the main cylinder tube (1A;1B), at least two ports (3A,3B) communicating with the interior volume (4) of the main cylinder tube (1A;1B) in the vicinity of the respective axial ends of the cylinder tube (1A;1B), and at least one of said end caps (2A) or said main cylinder tube (1B) including a UV-light source (7A;7B).

Abstract: A desalination system includes a membrane system submerged in the ocean at a depth selected to provide a hydrostatic pressure and a high pressure side for generating reverse osmosis (RO) to produce freshwater from seawater. The desalination system also includes a pumping system in flow communication with the membrane system configured to pump the freshwater to the surface and to provide a low pressure side for the reverse osmosis (RO), a transport system for transporting the freshwater to land, and a storage system for storing the freshwater on land. A desalination method includes the steps of: providing a plurality of reverse osmosis membrane discs at a depth in an ocean selected to provide a hydrostatic pressure; directing seawater through the membrane discs using the hydrostatic pressure; collecting the freshwater directed through the membrane discs; pumping the freshwater to a surface of the ocean; and then transporting the freshwater to land.

Abstract: Methods for recovering energy and water from at least one energy-rich process water stream are provided. The methods optionally incorporate the use of filtration, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, water softening, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation. The methods can be used to recover energy and water from blowdown or condensate from a water-containing industrial process, which in certain embodiments may be a boiler system.

Abstract: A hydrophobic porous silica aerogel composite membrane for a vacuum membrane distillation device and a vacuum distillation method are disclosed. The vacuum membrane distillation device has a case and the hydrophobic porous silica aerogel composite membrane accommodated in the case to divide a chamber defined by the case into a feed part configured to feed a first fluid containing water molecules and a permeate part configured to collect a second fluid containing the water molecules. The hydrophobic porous silica aerogel composite membrane includes a porous aluminum oxide membrane that has a plurality of first pores with average pore diameter larger than 50 nm and a porous silica aerogel membrane that has a plurality of second pores of 2 to 50 nm and is formed on at least one side of the porous aluminum oxide membrane facing the feed part by methylmethoxysilane as a precursor and a sol-gel synthetic process.

Abstract: The invention provides an efficient method to purify an aqueous solution, typically mine drainage water, especially of anions and cations present in the aqueous solution as dissolved solids, the anions and cations are removed by treatment with a positively charged extractant having at least eight carbon atoms, whereby an unstable emulsion is formed; the unstable emulsion is allowed to break into an extract phase loaded with the anions and cations, and a water phase depleted in anions and cations; a floc inherently forms in the loaded extractant phase and then the loaded extractant phase and floc are separated from the purified water and treated to remove the anions and cations as concentrated useful products; the treated aqueous phase now reduced in anion and/or cation content is also separated from the emulsion as a purified aqueous solution. The extractant phase is preferably recycled. A continuous water purification process is provided.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds and compositions useful for removing contaminants from water, as well as methods for making and using the compounds and compositions. In one aspect, the compositions contain a source of gallium ions and a polysaccharide such as chitosan, which are inexpensive and safe for the environment.

Abstract: A water treatment device and methods of treating water such as cooling tower water, agricultural water, water used in the production of oil and/or gas, swimming pool water, and hot tub or spa water, are described. The water treatment device utilizes ultraviolet radiation, a magnetic field, and ozone fortified air to treat the water, typically resulting in reduced microbial contamination and reduced alkalinity in cooling tower water. Cooling tower water may consequently be run at higher cycles of concentration while reducing or eliminating deposition of minerals on cooling tower components. Swimming pool water and hot tub water treated with the water treatment device typically requires less chlorine, and chlorine levels are typically more stable than without the device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the treatment of sewage sludge with enzymes, which process comprises treating a sewage sludge resulting from the treatment of municipal or industrial waste water with a composition comprising a fermentation supernatant product from a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and a non-ionic surfactant, wherein said fermentation supernatant product is free of active enzymes, at conditions suitable for generating said active enzymes from said sewage sludge in situ.

Abstract: Cations that can precipitate from an aqueous composition to produce scaling are sequestered by adding a multi-dentate ligand to the aqueous composition. The multi-dentate ligand bonds with the cation to form a non-scaling ionic complex; and the aqueous solution with the ionic complex is used in a process that produces substantially pure water from the aqueous composition, where the cation, absent formation of the ionic complex, is subject to scaling. The pH of the aqueous composition (or a brine including components of the aqueous composition) is then reduced to release the cation from the multi-dentate ligand; and the multi-dentate ligand, after the cation is released, is then reused in a predominantly closed loop.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating formed glass articles are described herein. In one embodiment, a method for fabricating a formed glass article may include forming a glass ribbon, forming a parison, and shaping the parison to form a glass article. The glass article may be attached to the glass ribbon at an attachment region defining an edge of the glass article. The process may also include contacting the attachment region with a focal line of a laser beam and separating the glass article from the glass ribbon at the attachment region. The attachment region may be perforated by the laser beam and the focal line may be substantially perpendicular to the plane of the glass ribbon.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of heating a glass sheet for tempering. It comprises conveying the glass sheet on top of rollers in a roller-hearth furnace, heating the glass sheet in the roller-hearth furnace to a transfer temperature at which the glass sheet is transferred into an air support furnace. The glass sheet, while resting on an air cushion, is carried on an air support table and the glass sheet is heated in the air support furnace to a tempering temperature. The transfer temperature is not lower than 620° C. and not higher than 675° C. and the tempering temperature is not lower than 650° C. and not higher than 720° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low-transmission dark mist green glass composition, more specifically relates to a low-transmission dark mist green glass composition in which Fe2O3, CoO, Se and Cr2O3 are used as coloring components within a specific content range where for the coloring components the relative contents of (CoO+Cr2O3) to Se and CoO to Cr2O3 are restricted to certain ranges and accordingly the visible transmittance (LTA) is effectively controlled and thus a blocking performance for privacy is satisfied; the solar energy transmittance (Te) and the UV transmittance (Tuv) are lowered, and accordingly the cooling load for vehicles, buildings and the like is reduced and interior materials and people protection against UV rays is obtained; and the optimal range of chromaticity diagram of transparent colors is satisfied which accordingly reduces eyestrain and provides psychological stability.

Abstract: The embodiments described herein relate to chemically and mechanically durable glass compositions and glass articles formed from the same. According to one embodiment, the glass composition may include greater than or equal to about 68 mol. % SiO2 and less than or equal to about 80 mol. % SiO2; greater than or equal to about 3 mol. % and less than or equal to about 13 mol. % alkaline earth oxide; X mol. % Al2O3, wherein X is greater than or equal to about 4 and less than or equal to about 8; Y mol. % alkali oxide, wherein the alkali oxide comprises Na2O in an amount greater than about 8 mol %; and B2O3, wherein a ratio (B2O3 (mol. %)/(Y mol. %?X mol. %) is greater than 0 and less than 0.3. In some embodiments, the glass composition may be free of phosphorous and compounds of phosphorous.

Abstract: A building product comprises calcium sulphate dihydrate particles bound by an organic binder. The calcium sulphate dihydrate particles each have a longest dimension and a lateral dimension, wherein the lateral dimension corresponds to the maximum breadth of the particle about the axis defined by the longest dimension. The calcium sulphate dihydrate particles have a low aspect ratio such that for at least 75% of the calcium sulphate dihydrate particles, the value of the lateral dimension is at least 20% of the value of the longest dimension.

Abstract: The present invention describes a hardening accelerating admixture for hydraulic binders, the accelerator being based on transition metal silicate hydrates having the general formula: aMexOy bMO cAl2O3 SiO2 dH2O 1) where—Me represents a transition metal whose molar coefficient a is in a range between 0.001 and 2, preferably between 0.01 and 1; —M represents an alkaline earth metal whose molar coefficient b is in a range between 0 and 2, preferably between 0.3 and 1.6; —The molar coefficient c for Al2O3 is in a range between 0 and 2, preferably between 0.1 and 1; —H2O represents the hydration water of the silicate hydrate whose molar coefficient d can vary within a wide range between 0.5 and 20; x and y can both be equal to 1 or different, depending on the valence of the transition metal, given that the valence of the oxygen atom in the metal oxide is equal to 2.

Abstract: An artificial stone can be prepared by binding a suitable stone filler with a binder which contains a silicon bonded, hydroxyl-functional silicone resin also optionally bearing silicon bonded alkoxy groups, and an organosilicon compound which is a silane or siloxane bearing silicon bonded alkoxy groups. The artificial stone is resistant to the effects of UV light as well as heat.

Abstract: An open-pore catalyst support comprising a material that comprises a natural sheet silicate and ZrO2. In order to provide a catalyst support, by means of which alkenyl acetate catalysts can be prepared which are characterized by a high level of alkenyl acetate activity over a relatively long period, the catalyst support comprises a material that comprises a natural sheet silicate and ZrO2 in the tetragonal modification.

Abstract: A solid sintered ceramic article may include Y2O3 at a concentration of approximately 40 molar % to approximately 60 molar % and Er2O3 at a concentration of approximately 400 molar % to approximately 60 molar %. An article may include a body and a plasma resistant ceramic coating on at least one surface of the body. The plasma resistant ceramic coating comprising Y2O3 at a concentration of approximately 30 molar % to approximately 60 molar %, Er2O3 at a concentration of approximately 20 molar % to approximately 60 molar %, and at least one of ZrO2, Gd2O3 or SiO2 at a concentration of over 0 molar % to approximately 30 molar %.

Abstract: An apparatus for materials processing utilizing a rotating magnetic field comprises a platform for supporting a specimen, and a plurality of magnets underlying the platform. The plurality of magnets are configured for rotation about an axis of rotation intersecting the platform. A heat source is disposed above the platform for heating the specimen during the rotation of the plurality of magnets. A method for materials processing utilizing a rotating magnetic field comprises providing a specimen on a platform overlying a plurality of magnets; rotating the plurality of magnets about an axis of rotation intersecting the platform, thereby applying a rotating magnetic field to the specimen; and, while rotating the plurality of magnets, heating the specimen to a desired temperature.

Abstract: A fertilizer and method of making a fertilizer that include bioactivated nutrients derived from immobile/less mobile elements. The immobile/less elements are made available to plants by the action of element mobilizing microorganisms, which are isolated, cultured, and combined with organic material and sources of the immobile element.

Abstract: The present invention is a composting bioreactor system that can be continually fed with biodegradable solid wastes, waste waters and exhaust gases, that can automatically recycle the biodegradable wastes into liquid nutrients and heat energy, and that automatically supplies the nutritious liquid and heat into the integrated hydroponics system or aquaponics system. The invention together with the integrated food growing system can be installed onsite in places such as household balconies, household backyards and premises of restaurants and food factories etc. therefore can lead to zero mileage targets both for recycling the wastes and for growing the foods consumed in the same location. It can fully recover and reuse all the nutrients and heat energy from the treated wastes. It can also reach the target of nearly zero pollution to the environment during all processes.

Abstract: Processes for producing weather resistant compositions are disclosed. Weather resistant compositions and uses thereof are also disclosed.

Abstract: An energetic material composite comprising fuel particles and a hydrated compound is disclosed. The energetic material composite is formed by dispersing fuel particles, which have a negative standard reduction potential relative to a standard hydrogen electrode, in a solvent containing dissolved hydrate, followed by a removal of solvent. When initiated, the fuel particles react with the water bound in the hydrated compound to release energy and hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A shaped charge liner comprises a powder, and the powder comprises a blend of particles. The particles comprise a core material, a first reactant material in intimate contact with the core material, and a second reactant material in intimate contact with the first reactant, where the core material has a density greater than 10 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cc).

Abstract: A smoke producing method and device of the present disclosure produces a non-incendiary, organic-polymerization based, smoke-producing reaction. The method of generating smoke comprises initiating a frontal polymerization reaction by heating a composition comprising a monomer compound that exothermically polymerizes upon initiation with an initiator compound and an initiator compound that initiates polymerization of the monomer compound present at a mass concentration that is at least five percent of the mass concentration of the monomer compound. The polymerization of the monomer compound is exothermic, and in one embodiment the concentration of initiator compound is at least five percent of the concentration of monomer compound. The smoke mainly comprises thermal decomposition products of the initiator compound.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for methanation reaction producing methane with high conversion by reaction of hydrogen with carbon dioxide, or a gas mixture of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, or a gas mixture containing these compounds as the main components. The catalyst is prepared by the steps of mixing (A) aqueous zirconia sol with salts of (B) stabilizing element(s), which is selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ca and Mg, and (C) iron group element(s), drying and calcining the mixture to obtain a catalyst precursor, and subsequent reduction of the precursor. The catalyst comprises, by atomic %, A: 18-70%, B: 1-20% and C: 25-80% based on the elemental states of the metals. The catalyst is characterized by multiple oxide of tetragonal zirconia structure, in which not only the stabilizing element(s) but also a part of the iron group element(s) is incorporated, and on which the iron group element(s) in the metallic state is supported.

Abstract: The present application discloses compositions and methods useful for treating and preventing inflammation associated with inflammatory diseases and disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the purification of natural vanillin, comprising at least one step in which the natural vanillin is evaporated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing methyl methacrylate by a direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein with oxygen and methanol, which is conducted in the liquid phase at a pressure of 2 to 100 bar with a gold catalyst. According to the invention, the liquid phase is withdrawn continuously from the reactor and optionally enriched with oxygenous gas, the pH, after the withdrawal, is adjusted to a pH between 5 and 9 by means of addition of a basic solution and this liquid phase is conducted back into the reactor again to an extent of at least 50%.

Abstract: A method for producing an amine. The first step is contacting a cyanide, an acid, water and a substrate compound capable of generating a carbonium ion by reaction with the acid to generate a first reaction intermediate. The second step is contacting the first reaction intermediate with water to form a second reaction intermediate. The third step is removing cyanide present in the second reaction intermediate to a concentration less than 10 ppm. The fourth step is contacting the second reaction intermediate with an alkali metal hydroxide to form the amine.

Abstract: Aromatic amines, for example, diarylamines such as diphenylamine, dinaphthylamine, N-phenyl-N-naphthyl amine etc., are alkylated by passing a mixture of the amine and an olefin, though a clay catalyst in a fixed bed reactor system. The process is conveniently run as a continued process, produces an alkylated aromatic amine in excellent purity and provides efficiencies in material and energy use.

Abstract: A simple and efficient method for producing 1,5-pentanediamine in a free form is provided. The method for producing 1,5-pentanediamine in a free form from a salt of 1,5-pentanediamine includes a step of adsorbing 1,5-pentanediamine in a free form onto a column of an ion exchange resin by applying a solution of salt of 1,5-pentanediamine to the column of the ion exchange resin, and a step of eluting a solution of the 1,5-pentanediamine in a free form from the ion exchange resin by applying an eluent solution to the column of the ion exchange resin onto which the 1,5-pentanediamine in a free form is absorbed.

Abstract: Isolated metabolites of (1R-trans)-N-[[2-(2,3-dihydro-4-benzofuranyl)cyclopropyl]-methyl]propanamide, methods for their use, and compositions containing the metabolites.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal polymer film includes providing a support substrate having a surface having a shape arranged to define a form of a liquid crystal polymer film to be fabricated; applying a layer of a photoaligning material over the surface of the support substrate, the photoaligning material having an absorption band; exposing the layer of photoaligning material to a light having a linear polarization and the light comprising a wavelength within the absorption band to convert the layer of photoaligning material into a layer of photoaligned material; applying a layer of a polymerizable liquid crystal over the layer of photoaligned material; performing photopolymerization of the layer of polymerizable liquid crystal to form a liquid crystal polymer film; applying a solvent to the layer of photoaligned material, the solvent formulated to dissolve the photoaligned material to thereby release the liquid crystal polymer film from the support substrate; and removing the liquid crystal polymer

Abstract: A modular system and method for producing urea from stranded natural gas includes removal of foreign particulate matter to obtain a substantially homogeneous gas. The gas is processed by controlling the quality of the stranded natural gas to maintain a substantially homogenous mixture The resultant gas stream is further cleaned and compressed to a high pressure of about 3,000 psi. The resultant ammonia stream is processed in a bypass recycling loop system at 30% conversion rate at a high pressure of about 6,000 to 7,000 psi. The equipment associated with each of the process steps may be skid mounted for portability and/or contained within the footprint of a standard 48-foot flatbed trailer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for the preparation of perfluoroalkyl sulfenyl chloride by reacting a compound of formula [I] with at least one fluoride compound and thiophosgene.

Abstract: The invention relates to N-hydroxylsulfonamide derivatives that donate nitroxyl (HNO) under physiological conditions and are useful in treating and/or preventing the onset and/or development of diseases or conditions that are responsive to nitroxyl therapy, including heart failure and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Novel N-hydroxylsulfonamide derivatives release NHO at a controlled rate under physiological conditions, and the rate of HNO release is modulated by varying the nature and location of functional groups on the N-hydroxylsulfonamide derivatives.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for crystallizing D,L-methionine from aqueous solutions and/or suspensions containing D,L-methionine and D,L-methionine ammonium salts, having a Met content of 70-180 g/kg, an NH4+ content of 1-5 g/kg, in the presence of a crystallization additive, which comprises a nonionic or anionic surfactant or a mixture of various nonionic or anionic surfactants, in which the temperature of the solution and/or suspension is lowered directly or stepwise from T1=85-110° C. to T2=30-50° C., so that D,L-methionine precipitates as a solid.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the Formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and m are as described herein, as modulators of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, particularly the ?7 subtype, their tautomeric forms, stereoisomers, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and combinations thereof with suitable other medicaments. Also disclosed are a process of preparation of the compounds and the intended uses thereof in therapy, particularly in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and senile dementia.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound of formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and m are as described herein, as a modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors particularly ?7 subtype, its tautomeric forms, its stereoisomers, its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, its pharmaceutical composition, and its combinations with suitable medicaments. Also disclosed are a process of preparation of the compounds and the intended uses thereof in therapy, particularly in the prophylaxis and therapy of disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, senile dementia, and the like.

Abstract: Compounds having an isoindolin-1-one backbone of Formula (I) are disclosed which have utility in treating and/or preventing microbial infections, tumor growth, metastasis and other macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-modulated pathological conditions. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods and use of compounds of Formula (I) are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel synthetic analogs of xanthohumol and the use thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds that inhibit ROCK activity. In certain embodiments the compounds of the invention enhance cognitive function. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions that comprise ROCK inhibitors and to methods enhance cognitive function and reducing and/or treat cognitive function decline.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides novel compounds, including compounds that bind to potassium channels, methods for their manufacture, and methods for their use, including their use to diagnose and/or assess traumatic brain injury and use to treat dymeylinating diseases, and/or in vivo imaging of the central nervous system, and to diagnose and/or assess the progression of MS or other diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel oxodihydropyridinecarbohydrazide derivatives with excellent antifungal activities, an antifungal composition containing the same, and its use for the prevention and treatment of fungal infectious diseases. The oxodihydropyridinecarbohydrazide derivatives of the present invention have excellent antifungal and fungicidal activities, and thus will be useful for the prevention and treatment of various fungal infections by Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichophyton spp., etc. Additionally, the oxodihydropyridinecarbohydrazide derivatives of the present invention, unlike other fungicidal preparations, can be orally administered.

Abstract: The present application provides novel compounds having anti-cancer or anti-Helicobacter pylori activity, pharmaceutical compositions and method for producing and using the novel compound.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to crystalline solid forms of [(4-hydroxy-1-methyl-7-phenoxy-isoquinoline-3-carbonyl)-amino]-acetic acid, the process of preparing the forms, and pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to solid forms of the fungicide of formula (I): compositions comprising the solid forms and methods of their use as fungicides.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a novel process for the preparation of Fluoroalkylpyrazole- or Bisperfluoroalkypyrazole carboxylates comprising a cyclization of Perfluoroalkyl ketoesters with hydrazines.

Abstract: A method of treating cancer in which a compound that inhibits the expression, production or release of IL-10 by immune cells is combined with a compound that stimulates the production of IL-12 when given in combination with, or in the presence of TNFa. Said method is effective when provided in addition to standard therapies, notably chemotherapy using cytotoxic drugs and other forms of immune therapy including therapeutic vaccines.