Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for producing carbon and a net hydrogen liquid fuel from a carbon donor substance and a hydrogen donor substance.

Abstract: A method for preparing multi-wall carbon nanotubes comprising atomizing a precursor solution comprising an aromatic hydrocarbon and a carrier gas. The mixture is then injected through an ultrasonic atomization system to form atomized precursor droplets. Then by injecting the atomized precursor droplets from the top of a vertical chemical vapor deposition reactor, the droplets can then react with a reaction gas in the reactor vessel to form a film that adsorbs to a growth surface in the reactor vessel. Layer by layer multi-wall carbon nanotubes are formed. This method is repeated to form layers of the multi-wall carbon nanotubes. The nanotubes formed have an outer diameter of 10 nm-51 nm and a length to diameter aspect ratio of 7200-13200.

Abstract: A microwave reduction furnace including a reaction furnace provided with a refractory chamber of silica or silicon carbide for storing a material therein, a supply section for supplying the material into the refractory chamber, the material being a mixture of a silica powder and a graphite powder or a mixture of a silica powder, a silicon carbide powder and a graphite powder, a discharge section for discharging molten silicon, obtained through reduction, out of the chamber, and a microwave oscillator for outputting microwave toward the refractory chamber in the reaction furnace with a degree of directionality by virtue of a helical antenna or a waveguide.

Abstract: The present invention is for the recovery of maximum silicon value of kerf silicon waste, produced during the manufacture of silicon wafers by wire saw, diamond saw and chemical mechanical polishing, as high purity metallurgical silicon. This recovery is achieved by a process scheme that effects an initial removal of minor extrinsic metallic impurities but not the major silicon compound impurities, and followed, preferentially, by a direct metallurgical process to form elemental silicon. The recovered silicon is for use as feedstock for polysilicon manufacturing, as high purity polysilicon for PV application, and in metallurgical alloy manufacture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing trimeric and/or quaternary silicon compounds or trimeric and/or quaternary germanium compounds, where a mixture of silicon compounds or a mixture of germanium compounds is exposed to a nonthermal plasma, and the resulting phase is subjected at least once to a vacuum rectification and filtration.

Abstract: A method for producing silica aerogel according to the present invention includes: a solation step of generating a sol by adding monoalkyltrialkoxysilane to an acidic aqueous solution containing silicic acid; and a gelation step of generating a wet gel by gelating the sol. Moreover, the production method includes a drying step of removing a solvent, which is contained in the wet gel, from the wet gel by drying the wet gel at less than a critical temperature of the solvent and at less than a critical pressure of the solvent. Then, the monoalkyltrialkoxysilane is added to the acidic aqueous solution so that an amount of silicon in the monoalkyltrialkoxysilane becomes 1 mol part or more with respect to 1 mol part of an amount of silicon in the acidic aqueous solution containing the silicic acid.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of removing ammonia from alcoholic solution in the presence of carbonic acid compounds while avoiding fouling by supplying the solution to be separated to the upper part of a distillation column and adjusting the temperature at the introduction point such that the ammonium salts of the carbonic acid compound in question are soluble in the in question at the top of the distillation column under the operating conditions.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a byproduct recovery system used in conjunction with a hydrogen production system. The hydrogen production system creates hydrogen gas and a byproduct through a chemical reaction. The byproduct of this chemical reaction is then contained within a solution which was part of the chemical reaction. The solution flows from the hydrogen production system into a recovery chamber. Within the recovery chamber the byproduct of the chemical reaction is removed from the solution. The byproduct may then be stored or transported to another outside system remote from both the hydrogen production system and the byproduct recovery system.

Abstract: An amorphous mesoporous alumina with a median mesopore diameter by volume of 16 nm or more, a mesopore volume of 0.5 mL/g or more, and a total pore volume of more than 0.75 mL/g. A process for preparing said alumina, comprising: a) precipitating a basic precursor and an acidic precursor, at least one of which comprises aluminium, at a pH of 8.5 to 10.5, a temperature of 20° C. to 90° C. and for 2 minutes to 30 minutes, with a state of advance of 5% to 13%; b) heating the suspension; c) a second precipitating by adding another basic precursor and acidic precursor, at least one of which comprises aluminium, at a pH of 8.5 to 10.5, a temperature of 40° C. to 90° C. and for 2 to 50 minutes, with a state of advance of 87% to 95%; d) filtration; e) drying; f) shaping; g) heat treatment.

Abstract: A filtration system for a pull-down or pull-out faucet includes a multi-channel hose configured to fluidly couple to a spray head, a water filter configured to provide filtered water, and a diverter-equipped T-connector. The T-connector has a first branch configured to receive unfiltered water from a valve cartridge of the faucet, a second branch configured to receive filtered water from the water filter, and a third branch configured to deliver filtered and unfiltered water from the first and second branches to different channels of the multi-channel hose. The spray head also includes an activation switch configured to allow selective output of filtered and unfiltered water from the spray head.

Abstract: A method for comprehensively treating low-concentration ammonia-nitrogen wastewater by completely recycling is disclosed. The low-concentration ammonia-nitrogen wastewater and carbide slag or quick lime are mixed and reacted to obtain a mixed solution containing ammonia water and ammonium chloride. The mixed solution is transferred into an ammonia-water evaporative concentration tower to separate the ammonia water and thus obtain an ammonia vapor and a calcium chloride waste solution. The ammonia vapor is transferred into an ammonia-water cooler, and the calcium chloride waste solution is introduced into an aging pool for aging, and then filtered to obtain a purified calcium chloride solution; and the purified calcium chloride solution is introduced into an MVR triple-effect evaporator for evaporation, so as to obtain distilled water and a concentrated calcium chloride solution.

Abstract: A method, device, and system for treating water solutions is disclosed for the purpose of preventing the formation of deposits on the inner surface of pipelines, boilers and other equipment. The method is based on the use of radio waves which are sent in batches of four pulses, either of equal amplitude or with larger amplitude of the first pulse and smaller the last. Different hatches have different interval between pulses. The water treatment system disclosed which is based on the method; it significantly improves a water solution's properties without extensive usage of chemicals.

Abstract: A solution for disinfecting a fluid, colloid, mixture, and/or the like using ultraviolet radiation is provided. An ultraviolet transparent enclosure can include an inlet and an outlet for a flow of media to be disinfected. The ultraviolet transparent enclosure includes a material that is configured to prevent biofouling within the ultraviolet transparent enclosure. A set of ultraviolet radiation sources are located adjacent to the ultraviolet transparent enclosure and are configured to generate ultraviolet radiation towards the ultraviolet transparent enclosure.

Abstract: Generating hydrogen peroxide in situ in a water environment to mitigate biofouling of a water sensor. A hydrogen peroxide generator submerged in the water environment generates hydrogen peroxide to remove/mitigate biofouling of the water sensor. The water sensor may be an electrochemical sensor and the hydrogen peroxide generator may be an electrochemical system that is integrated with the sensor. The water sensor may be able to operate without interference from the generated hydrogen peroxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrostatic field water treatment apparatus comprising: a high voltage unit to which a high voltage is to be supplied, and an earth ground unit connected to an earth ground and used as a pipe through which water is to pass, wherein the high voltage unit is disposed at a central part of the earth ground unit and comprises a high voltage insulation cable to which a high voltage is to be supplied and an electrode case configured to cover the high voltage insulation cable and consisting of an insulator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water treatment. In one embodiment there is provided a method of treating an aqueous system to inhibit growth of one or more micro-organisms therein and/or to reduce the number of live micro-organisms therein. The method comprises adding treatment agents to said aqueous system and wherein said treatment agents comprise: (a) a phosphonium compound; and (b) an nitro compound.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems for removing particulate matter from a fluid, comprising a particle functionalized by attachment of at least one activating group or amine functional group, wherein the modified particle complexes with the particulate matter within the fluid to form a removable complex therein. The particulate matter has preferably been contacted, complexed or reacted with a tethering agent. The system is particularly advantageous to removing particulate matter from a fluid waste stream following mining or ore processing operations.

Abstract: A closing mechanism for at least two mold halves (4, 5) held by two mold holders (7, 8) includes a drivetrain suspended under the housing section (3) inside of the station housing. The mold holders (4, 5) are mounted on a linear guide and are joined with a threaded spindle, threaded sleeve and gearing with a drive set up on the outlet side for generating a vertically oriented linear movement. A toggle-lever mechanism situated inside of an oil bath accommodated in the station housing (1) is used as the gearing. This arrangement of essential components of the drivetrain opens allows removal of the drivetrain via the upper side of the station housing when necessary or incorporating the drivetrain into the station housing, thereby simplifying repair and maintenance work.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing an optical fiber preform for obtaining an optical fiber with low transmission loss. A core preform included in the optical fiber preform comprises three or more core portions, which are each produced by a rod-in-collapse method, and in which both their alkali metal element concentration and chlorine concentration are independently controlled. In two or more manufacturing steps of the manufacturing steps for each of the three or more core portions, an alkali metal element is added. As a result, the mean alkali metal element concentration in the whole core preform is controlled to 7 atomic ppm or more and 70 atomic ppm or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides optical fiber preforms formed from core canes having large core-clad ratio, intermediate core-cladding assemblies, and methods for making the preforms and core cladding assemblies. The preforms are made with capped core canes. The capping material has a coefficient of thermal expansion less than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the core cane and more closely matched to or lower than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the surrounding cladding monolith in a cane-in-soot process. Presence of the cap reduces stresses that arise from differential thermal expansion of the core cane and cladding materials and leads to preforms having low defect concentration and low probability of failure during subsequent thermal processing steps.

Abstract: A method of producing an optical fiber is provided that includes the steps of flowing a first gas into an optical fiber draw furnace. The first gas is passed through a heated section configured to contain and heat a glass source from which the optical fiber is drawn, passing the first gas through a muffle which defines a capture chamber. A portion of the first gas is removed through at least one reclaim port operatively coupled to the capture chamber. A second gas flows into a gas screen at a rate configured to substantially recover a pressure drop associated with removing the portion of the first gas.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an insulation material for a conductor bar of an electric machine. An object of the invention is to provide for an alternative insulation material in the field of electric machines. The object is solved by an insulation material for a conductor bar for an electric machine comprising glass-ceramic flakes made from a heat treated silica glass precursor in the shape of flakes.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to glass compositions incorporating rare earth oxides (RE2O3). In one embodiment, a glass composition suitable for fiber forming comprises 51-70 wt. % SiO2, 12.5-22 wt. % Al2O3, 0-20 wt. % CaO, 0-11 wt. % MgO, 0.2-1 wt. % Fe2O3, 0.05 or greater wt. % RE2O3, and greater than 1 wt. % MnOx. In another embodiment, a glass composition suitable for fiber forming comprises 51-70 wt. % SiO2, 12.5-22 wt. % Al2O3, 0-20 wt. % CaO, 0-11 wt. % MgO, 0.2-1 wt. % Fe2O3, 0.05 or greater wt. % RE2O3, 0-4 wt. % BaO, 0-4 wt. % SrO, and 0-5.5 wt. % ZnO, wherein the sum of BaO+SrO+ZnO is greater than about 2 wt. %. In another embodiment, a glass composition suitable for fiber forming comprises 51-70 wt. % SiO2, 12.5-22 wt. % Al2O3, 0-20 wt. % CaO, 0-11 wt. % MgO, 0.2-1 wt. % Fe2O3, 0.05 or greater wt. % RE2O3, and from greater than 0 to 2.5 wt. % Cu2O. In another embodiment, a glass composition suitable for fiber forming comprises 51-70 wt. % SiO2, 12.5-22 wt. % Al2O3, 0-20 wt. % CaO, 0-12.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides optical fiber preforms formed from core canes having large core-clad ratio, intermediate core-cladding assemblies, and methods for making the preforms and core cladding assemblies. The preforms are made from core canes having a contoured end surface. The contoured end surface(s) include a depression that acts to reduce the stress that develops at the junction of the end surface of the core cane with a soot cladding monolith arising from differences in the coefficient of thermal expansions of the core can and soot cladding monolith. The contoured end surface(s) leads to preforms having low defect concentration and low probability of failure during fiber draw.

Abstract: To provide an adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate, which satisfies both visibility and impact resistance, and which is suitable for protection of an in-vehicle display device. The adhesive layer-equipped transparent plate according to the present invention comprises a transparent plate and an adhesive layer provided on one surface of the transparent plate. The transparent plate is a plate glass having a plate thickness of from 0.4 to 3.0 mm. The adhesive layer has a storage shear modulus of at most 30 MPa at a temperature of 25° C. and at a frequency of 1 Hz, a storage shear modulus of at least 50 MPa at a temperature of 25° C. and at a frequency of 40 kHz, and a loss tangent tan? of at least 0.1 at a temperature of 25° C. and at a frequency of 40 kHz.

Abstract: A method of treating an acid effluent including phosphoric acid in accordance with various embodiments may include: providing an acid effluent including phosphoric acid; adding a base and silicon particles from a further effluent to the acid effluent including phosphoric acid so that a mixture is obtained and a solid content is formed; separating from the mixture a solid content including silicon and a salt resulting from a reaction of the base with the acid, so that a clarified effluent can be rejected in the environment and a filter press cake can be obtained and further used as additive for concrete.

Abstract: A cement board is provided, comprising gelatin, fiber material, and ammonium dichromate. The gelatin, the fiber material, and the ammonium dichromate are mixed substantially evenly across and formed into a board by pressure. The gelatin may comprise a mixture of peptides and proteins. The peptides and proteins may be produced by partial hydrolysis of collagen extracted from the skin, bones, and connective tissues of animals. The ammonium dichromate has a formula (NH4)2Cr2O7. The fiber material may comprise wood fiber. The wood fiber may comprise shredded wood threads. The fiber material may further comprise hemp. The cement board may further comprise fiberglass. The cement board may further comprise pieces of volcanic stones. The cement board may further comprise a mesh embedded therein. The mesh may comprise a metal mesh. The cement board may further comprise plastic cement. The cement board may further comprise adhesive.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for providing a high-strength, water-resistant, fire-proof magnesium oxysulfate (MOS) plate. In accordance with some embodiments, the MOS plate may include one or more fibrous layers disposed within a sizing agent. The sizing agent may include backing materials, intermediate materials, and surface materials components. In some embodiments, the sizing agent may be homogeneous, such that its backing, intermediate, and surface materials components are all of the same material composition. In other embodiments, the sizing agent may be heterogeneous, such that one or more of its backing, intermediate, and surface materials components differ in material composition relative to other component(s). In accordance with some embodiments, a MOS plate provided via the disclosed techniques may be utilized, for example, as a cementitious skin of a structural insulated panel (SIP).

Abstract: A dielectric material having a rutile crystalline structure includes Ti as a major constituent metal element, and, as metal elements other than Ti, a metal element M1 which includes at least one selected from among Ni, Co, and elements belonging to Group 2 according to a periodic table, and a metal element M2 which includes at least one selected from among elements belonging to Group 5 and Group 6 in the periodic table, and, on a basis of a total amount of Ti, the metal element M1, and the metal element M2, a molar ratio x of the metal element M1 is in a range of 0.005 to 0.025 and a molar ratio y of the metal element M2 is in a range of 0.010 to 0.050.

Abstract: Provided is a lead-free piezoelectric ceramics having enhanced mechanical quality factor (Qm) and mechanical strength. The piezoelectric ceramics, includes at least a first crystal grain and a second crystal grain. The first crystal grain has an average equivalent circle diameter of 2 ?m or more and 30 ?m or less. The first crystal grain includes a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1) as a main component, and the second crystal grain includes a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by the following general formula (2) as a main component: (1) xBaTiO3-yCaTiO3-zCaZrO3; and (2) x?BaTiO3-y?CaTiO3-z?CaZrO3, provided that x, y, z, x?, y?, and z? satisfy x+y+z=1, x?+y?+z?=1, 0?x??0.15, 0.85?y??1, 0?z??0.05, x>x?, 0<y<y?, and z>0.

Abstract: A cBN sintered material cutting tool is provided. The cBN cutting tool includes a cutting tool body, which is a sintered material including cBN grains and a binder phase, wherein the sintered material comprises: the cubic boron nitride grains in a range of 40 volume % or more and less than 60 volume %; and Al in a range from a lower limit of 2 mass % to an upper limit Y, satisfying a relationship, Y=?0.1X+10, Y and X being an Al content in mass % and a content of the cubic boron nitride grains in volume %, respectively, the binder phase comprises: at least a Ti compound; Al2O3; and inevitable impurities, the Al2O3 includes fine Al2O3 grains with a diameter of 10 nm to 100 nm dispersedly formed in the binder phase, and there are 30 or more of the fine Al2O3 grains generated in an area of 1 ?m×1 ?m in a cross section of the binder phase.

Abstract: A method for removing a coating from an article includes heating an article to a processing temperature. The article includes a first material in contact with a second material, the first material comprising silicon, and the second material comprising an oxide comprising silicon. The heating is performed in an environment having a partial pressure of oxygen that is less than an equilibrium partial pressure of oxygen for chemical equilibrium between the first material and the second material at the processing temperature.

Abstract: The disclosure provides for an article including a substrate, an environmental barrier coating (EBC), a bondcoat and a boron source. The substrate may include a silicon-including ceramic material. The EBC may be disposed over the substrate, and the bondcoat may disposed between the substrate and the EBC. The bondcoat may include silicon. The boron source may be disposed within the article to provide an effective amount of boron to form an oxide including silicon and at least 0.1 weight percent boron during exposure of the bondcoat to an oxidizing environment at a temperature greater than 900 degrees Celsius. The oxide may be a borosilicate glass that is substantially devitrification resistant to prevent spallation of the EBC and thereby enhance the temperature capability of the article.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid fertilizer including: (i) an aqueous composition including ammonium thiosulfate; and (ii) a complex of a metal ion and a chelating agent, wherein the metal ion is selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese, copper, iron, magnesium, calcium, potassium, and molybdenum. The complex lowers the freeze point of the aqueous composition when creating a liquid fertilizer including the ammonium thiosulfate and the complex. Optionally, the liquid fertilizer includes borate ions. Methods of using the liquid fertilizer are also disclosed.

Abstract: A synthetic acid composition for replacement of hydrochloric acid in industrial activities requiring large amounts of hydrochloric acid, said composition comprising: urea and hydrogen chloride in a molar ratio of not less than 0.1:1; a metal iodide or iodate; an alcohol or derivative thereof. Optionally, formic acid or a derivative thereof; propylene glycol or a derivative thereof, ethylene glycol glycerol or a mixture thereof; cinnamaldehyde or a derivative thereof; and a phosphonic acid derivative can be added to the composition.

Abstract: A composition includes a first chelating agent, a second chelating agent, and a plurality of metal ions. In one embodiment, the second chelating agent includes citric acid and is different than the first chelating agent. A method for forming a composition includes mixing a first chelating agent, a second chelating agent, and a metal salt together to form a mixture and processing the mixture to form at least one of a granulated composition and a powdered composition. In some embodiments, the second chelating agent includes citric acid and is different than the first chelating agent.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention are associated with the discovery of processes for converting methane (CH4), present in a methane-containing feedstock that may be obtained from a variety of sources such as natural gas, to higher hydrocarbons (e.g., C4+ hydrocarbons) such as gasoline, diesel fuel, or jet fuel boiling-range hydrocarbons, which may optionally be separated (e.g., by fractionation) for use as transportation fuels, or otherwise as blending components for such fuels. Particular aspects of the invention are associated with advantages arising from maintaining reaction conditions that improve the yield of C4+ hydrocarbons. Further aspects relate to the advantages gained by integration of the appropriate reactions to carry out the methane conversion, with downstream separation to recover and recycle desirable components of the reaction effluent, thereby improving process economics to the extent needed for commercial viability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing an aromatic hydrocarbon, and processes for producing p-xylene and terephthalic acid. The process for producing said aromatic hydrocarbon comprises a step of contacting an olefin with a diene in the presence of a catalyst to produce an aromatic hydrocarbon, which is characterized in that, at least a part of said olefin is substituted with dienophile. The reaction pressure can be reduced and the xylene selectivity can be increased with the improvement of the present invention.

Abstract: This invention relates to a self cleaning reactor and to a process for the oligomerization of ethylene that employs a self-cleaning reactor. The reactor includes a mass of inert, particulate cleaning bodies that are entrained by the liquid in the reactor and scour the internal surfaces of the reactor during normal operation. This scouring action reduces the level of fouling on the reactor surfaces. Foulant material (polyethylene) is removed from the process on a continuous basis but the cleaning bodies remain within the reactor.

Abstract: A process for converting light paraffins to heavier paraffinic hydrocarbon fluids is disclosed. The process involves: (1) oxidation of iso-paraffins to alkyl hydroperoxides and alcohols; (2) conversion of the alkyl hydroperoxides and alcohols to dialkyl peroxides; and (3) radical-initiated coupling of paraffins and/or iso-paraffins using the dialkyl peroxides as radical initiators, thereby forming heavier hydrocarbon products. Fractionation of the heavy hydrocarbon products can then be used to isolate fractions for use as hydrocarbon fluids.

Abstract: An integrated process for converting low-value paraffinic materials to high octane gasoline and high-cetane diesel light is disclosed. The process involves: (1) oxidation of an iso-paraffin to alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol; (2) converting the alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol to dialkyl peroxide; (3) converting low-octane, paraffinic gasoline molecules using the dialkyl peroxides as radical initiators, thereby forming high-cetane diesel, while the dialkyl peroxide is converted to an alcohol; (4) converting the alcohol to an olefin; and (5) alkylating the olefin with iso-butane to form high-octane alkylate. The net reaction is thus conversion of iso-paraffin to high-octane gasoline alkylate, and conversion of low-octane paraffinic gasoline to high-cetane diesel.

Abstract: A process for converting light paraffins to a high octane gasoline composition is disclosed. The process involves: (1) oxidation of iso-paraffins to alkyl hydroperoxides and alcohol; (2) conversion of the alkyl hydroperoxides and alcohol to dialkyl peroxides; and (3) radical coupling of iso-paraffins using the dialkyl peroxides as radical initiators, thereby forming gasoline-range molecules. Fractionation of the gasoline-range molecules can then be used to isolate high octane gasoline fractions having a road octane number [(RON+MON)/2] greater than 110.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reactor system that contains multiple millireactors, each including a millitube, a first feed line, a second feed line, and a third feed line. Each of the first and second feed lines has a hydraulic damper disposed therein. Also disclosed is a process for conducting in a millitube a triphasic flow reaction that requires a liquid reactant, a gas reactant, and a catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention describes a novel process for preparing 3-chloro-2-vinylphenol which, owing to the chemoselectivity achieved, also allows direct conversion into (3-chloro-2-vinylphenyl)methane-sulphonate.

Abstract: A method for producing at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (10), a compound represented by the following formula (11), a compound represented by the following formula (12), and a compound represented by the following formula (13), which the method containing reacting a compound represented by the following formula (2) with a compound represented by the following formula (7), in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (1), a compound represented by the following formula (3), a compound represented by the following formula (4), a compound represented by the following formula (8), and a compound represented by the following formula (9).

Abstract: Deoxybenzoin compounds including unsaturation are disclosed. The unsaturated deoxybenxoin compounds have the structure (I), (II), or (III) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and n are defined herein. Also disclosed are polyesters including repeating units having the structure (IV), (V), or a combination thereof wherein Ar1, R7, and m are defined herein. The polyesters can be further functionalized, for example by various phosphorous-containing compounds. The polyesters described herein can be useful for the preparation of various articles having reduced flammability.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for preparing a carboxylic acid, which method includes the steps of providing magnesium carboxylate, wherein the carboxylic acid corresponding with the carboxylate has a solubility in water at 20° C. of 80 g/100 g water or less; acidifying the magnesium carboxylate with HCl, thereby obtaining a solution comprising carboxylic acid and magnesium chloride (MgCl2); optionally a concentration step, wherein the solution comprising carboxylic acid and MgCl2 is concentrated; precipitating the carboxylic acid from the solution comprising the carboxylic acid and MgCl2, thereby obtaining a carboxylic acid precipitate and a MgCl2 solution.

Abstract: Provided are catalyst composites useful for the production of vinyl acetate monomer, as well as methods of making using same. The catalyst composites may comprise a support comprising silica and about 1 to about 3 wt % alumina, wherein the support has a surface area of about 175 to about 300 m2/g; and an eggshell layer on the support comprising Pd and Au.

Abstract: Cyclopentene carboxylic acid-related compounds as GABA-AT inhibitors for treatment of various addictions, disorders and disease states.

Abstract: The present invention relates to azidoalkylamine salts of formula (I) with organic acids, a process for their preparation, and their use as intermediates in the preparation of active pharmaceutical ingredients or polymers, or as spacers useful in organis synthesis.