Abstract: Systems and approaches are provided for presenting incoming notifications to a computing device based on a determined context of the computing device. Various sensors of the device can be used to determine the context of the device with respect to a user, the state of the device itself, or the context of the device with respect to the environment in which the device is situated. The user can then be informed of received notifications in a manner likely to get the user's attention while not being overly obtrusive to the user or others within the vicinity of the user.

Abstract: A wearable electronic device including a wireless communication unit configured to be wirelessly connected to a projector for projecting a stored presentation onto a screen of an external device; a main body configured to be worn by a user; a microphone integrally connected to the main body; a sensing unit configured to detect a bio state of the user wearing the electronic device; a display unit configured to be attached to the main body; and a controller configured to match a voice information input through the microphone with a portion of the stored presentation, and to display a part of the stored presentation that follows the portion of the stored presentation matching the voice information input on the display unit, wherein the controller is further configured to change an output size of the part of the stored presentation that follows the portion of the stored presentation when the bio state indicates the user to be in a tense state.

Abstract: A computerized information and display apparatus useful for providing information to a user via a display. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a processor apparatus, touch screen input and display device, and speech input apparatus, and at least one computer program configured to run on the processor apparatus, the at least one program being configured to enable an user to intuitively operate the apparatus to rapidly converge on a desired organization or entity which they wish to locate, via speech input of only a name or a part of a name. The information and display apparatus is particularly useful in time-pressured mobile transport vehicle environments, and when the user is unfamiliar with the operation of the apparatus.

Abstract: Techniques described and suggested herein include systems and methods for logging execution of code using thread-local output buffers. For example, one or more output buffers are allocated to one or more threads executing on a computing system. A global declaration list containing information relating to log types (e.g., verbose log descriptions, templates for specific variables, and the like) may be implemented, and the global declaration list may be generated as part of an initialization process for some or all of the threads. Log events from executing threads may be stored in the output buffers in a fashion conforming to the global declaration list, and may be retrieved asynchronously relative to the executing threads.

Abstract: A neural network unit includes a random bit source that generates random bits and a plurality of neural processing units (NPU). Each NPU includes an accumulator into which the NPU accumulates a plurality of products as an accumulated value and a rounder that receives the random bits from the random bit source and stochastically rounds the accumulated value based on a random bit received from the random bit source.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a plurality of arithmetic logic units each having an accumulator and an integer arithmetic unit that receives and performs integer arithmetic operations on integer inputs and accumulates integer results of a series of the integer arithmetic operations into the accumulator as an integer accumulated value. A register is programmable with an indication of a number of fractional bits of the integer accumulated values and an indication of a number of fractional bits of integer outputs. A first bit width of the accumulator is greater than twice a second bit width of the integer outputs. A plurality of adjustment units scale and saturate the first bit width integer accumulated values to generate the second bit width integer outputs based on the indications of the number of fractional bits of the integer accumulated values and outputs programmed into the register.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for generating pseudorandom numbers in a way that is deterministic (i.e., repeatable), that passes statistical tests, can have multiple instances of objects generating pseudorandom numbers at the same time. Also, it is desirable that the collection of pseudorandom numbers generated by multiple instances have the same statistical properties as numbers generated by a single instance (i.e., randomness). Embodiments described herein generate pseudorandom values by using a plurality of subsidiary linear congruential generators and combining their outputs nonlinearly. According to embodiments, after their outputs have been combined, a mixing function is applied. Embodiments include an on-demand split method in the style of the SplitMix algorithm.

Abstract: Determination of a degree of similarity among and between a set of text notation schema instances. One type of text notation schema instance is the JSON type. In some embodiments, the degree of similarity is expressed as a schema variance value which is determined by individually comparing the schema instances of the set of text notation schema instances to a representative majority schema. Also, determining a quality of a data source associated with the plurality of text notation schema instances based, at least in part, upon the similarity value.

Abstract: Provided herein are various systems, methods and architectures for enabling a microcontroller manufacturer to provide certain modification functionality to product vendors, while still maintaining the level of control needed to ensure that a product vendor does not inadvertently (or otherwise) create code that causes the microcontroller to not work properly. In one embodiment, this functionality can be performed through the steps of displaying an initial stack of software modules to a user, receiving instructions to modify the initial stack of software modules to create a modified stack of software modules, compiling the modified stack of software modules to produce compiled computer instructions, and flashing the embedded memory of the microcontroller with the compiled computer instructions.

Abstract: A computer system and process is provided to generate computer programming code, such as in a Software Development Kit (SDK). The SDK generated allows an application to use a given API. An API description interface of the system is operable to receive API-description code describing one or more endpoints of the API. A template interface is operable to receive one or more templates of code defining classes and/or functions in a programming language which can be selected by the selection of a set of templates. A data store is operable to use a defined data structure to store records of API description code to provide a structured stored description of the API. A code generation module is operable to combine records of API with templates of code which are arranged in sets by the language of the code they contain.

Abstract: For improving a future UI design, a set of data is analyzed. A data in a first subset of the set includes (i) a description of a UI layout including a description of a UI element in a first area of a touch-sensitive device, the first area having a below a level of sensitivity, the data, and (ii) a second area of the touch-sensitive device having a second sensitivity at least equal to the level of sensitivity. A characteristic of the UI element is extracted. A threshold number of data in the first subset include some UI element with the characteristic. For a first area in each data in the subset, the characteristic is determined to cause a sensitivity to reduce to below the level of sensitivity. Accordingly, an instruction causes a UI design tool to move a UI element in the future UI design to a second area.

Abstract: A system provides user interface (“UI”) layout design functionality. The system provides a canvas on a display, where the canvas is controlled by a grid that defines a first number of equally wide logical columns. The system then receives first user input for placing one or more panels on the canvas, where each panel is configured to horizontally occupy one or more of the first number of equally wide logical columns. The system further receives second user input for placing one or more UI components in each of the one or more panels. The system then creates a UI layout based on the first user input and the second user input. In one embodiment, each logical row in the canvas is split into equally wide logical columns, and each panel is controlled by a panel grid that also includes equally wide logical columns.

Abstract: A method of administering a computing system, including a plurality of computing devices. The method includes selecting an application for inclusion in a menu of applications downloadable to a computing device and interposing a wrapper on the application before the computing device downloads the application, the wrapper being configured to control an operation of the application. Interposing the wrapper on the application includes decompiling the application, searching for string patterns, and replacing the string patterns with another string pattern, the another string pattern being configured to intercept at least one of a system event or an Application Programming Interface (API) call and associating logic with the application. The logic is configured to interact with the application via the at least one system event or API call, the logic is configured to provide additional functions to the application, and the logic is stored separate from the application.

Abstract: A mobile device based on an Android™ operating system configure to reduce the size of downloaded Android™ application packages. The mobile device comprises a storage device configured to store data, transceiver circuitry for downloading an Android™ application package, and a package manager. The package manager analyzes resources in the downloaded Android™ application package; identifies unnecessary resources that are not suitable for use by the mobile device; deletes the unnecessary resources; generates from the remaining resources an optimized Android™ application package having a smaller size than the downloaded Android™ application package; and stores the optimized Android™ application package in the storage device under the same name as the downloaded Android™ application package. The package manager also identifies an original security certificate in the downloaded Android™ application package; and generates from the optimized Android™ application package a new security certificate.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to synchronizing configuration information between devices associated with a user. The synchronized configuration information can relate to application installations and uninstallations as well as to user modifications to user interfaces for managing and invoking the applications. For example, layouts of application representations provided by respective application launchers on a user's respective devices are kept automatically synchronized when the user modifies any of the layouts. Installations and uninstallations are similarly synchronized between the user's devices. Installations and uninstallations that might stem from synchronization may be circumscribed in various ways, such as by allowing the user to specify whether specific applications are to be installed/uninstalled only on specific devices or globally, by filtering propagation of synchronization updates according to hardware or software features and incompatibilities, or others.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for selection of ranked configurations.

Abstract: If a device driver is simply installed in the same manner for any network environment, there is a possibility that the device driver is installed in a manner improper for a particular network environment. To avoid the above problem, an information processing apparatus selects an optimum installation mode according to property information of the information processing apparatus and property information of an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: The technology disclosed relates to maintaining up to date software version data in a network. In particular, it relates to accessing a network topology that records node data and connection data including processes running on numerous hosts grouped into local services on the hosts, the local services running on multiple hosts grouped into service clusters and sub-clusters of service clusters, and network connections used by the service clusters to connect the hosts grouped into service connections. It further relates to collecting current software version information for the processes, updating the network topology with the current software version for particular process running on a particular host when it differs from a stored software version in the network topology, reassigning the particular host to a sub-cluster within the service cluster according to the current software version, and monitoring the updated sub-cluster within the service cluster.

Abstract: Disclosed are a triggering method, device and system for a device management (DM) session and a computer storage medium. Herein, the method includes: acquiring firmware version information corresponding to a latest software upgrade package, here the firmware version information is used for determining by a terminal device whether to send a DM session request to a server and whether to initiate a Firmware Over The Air (FOTA) update operation; and sending a notification message including the firmware version information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application relate to a method, apparatus, and system for processing an app. The method includes obtaining a plugin identifier, obtaining an app plugin installation package from a server, wherein the app plugin installation package is associated with the plugin identifier, installing the app plugin installation package, obtaining an app plugin lookup instruction associated with an app plugin, and determining the app plugin according to the app plugin lookup instruction, wherein the app plugin implements a specific function of a corresponding app in response to the app plugin being invoked.

Abstract: In one example, a computing device is configured to distribute software related to a lighting infrastructure application framework. An example device comprises means for receiving the software, wherein the software is to be executed by at least one of a plurality of lighting node platform devices within the lighting infrastructure application framework, wherein the software is at least one of a script, an application, an app, and a routine; means for storing the received software in relation to a provider of the software, wherein the provider is one of an application provider and a lighting infrastructure owner; means for transmitting the software to destination devices in response to receiving a request.

Abstract: In one example, a computing device is configured to distribute software related to a lighting infrastructure application framework. An example device comprises a memory and a processor coupled to the memory configured with processor-executable instructions to perform operations comprising receiving the software, wherein the software is to be executed by at least one of a plurality of lighting node platform devices within the lighting infrastructure application framework, wherein the software is at least one of a script, an application, an app, and a routine; storing the received software in relation to a provider of the software, wherein the provider is one of an application provider and a lighting infrastructure owner; and transmitting the software to destination devices in response to receiving a request.

Abstract: In some implementations, a software application may be changed from a standard mode to a tutorial mode, decoupling a user interface of the software application from a standard mode portion of the software application that provides a standard functionality and coupling the user interface to a tutorial mode portion of the software application that provides a tutorial functionality. The software application may administer a test associated with a tutorial, and determine results associated with the test. The software application may determine that the results fail to satisfy a threshold, obtain data identifying a set of one or more mentors knowledgeable about the test, and display the data. The data may include contact information associated with individual mentors of the set of mentors. The software application may automatically initiate a communication session between a computing device executing the software application and a computing device associated with one of the mentors.

Abstract: Processing circuitry 2 supports execution of program instructions having a rounding position input operand so as to generate control signals 14 for controlling processing circuitry 16 to process a floating point input operand with a significand value to generate an output result which depends upon a value from rounding the floating point input operand using a variable rounding point within the significand of the floating point input operand as specified by the rounding position input operand. In this way, processing operations having as inputs floating point operands and anchored number operands may be facilitated.

Abstract: An array of N processing units (PU) each has: an accumulator; an arithmetic unit performs an operation on first, second and third inputs to generate a result to store in the accumulator, the first input receives the accumulator output; a weight input is received by the second input to the arithmetic unit; a multiplexed register has first and second data inputs, an output received by the third input to the arithmetic unit, and a control input that controls the data input selection. The multiplexed register output is also received by an adjacent PU's multiplexed register second data input. The N PU's multiplexed registers collectively operate as an N-word rotater when the control input specifies the second data input. Respective first/second memories hold W/D rows of N weight/data words and provide the N weight/data words to the corresponding weight/multiplexed register first data inputs of the N PUs.

Abstract: An output buffer holds N words arranged as N/J mutually exclusive output buffer word groups (OBWG) of J words each. N processing units (PU) are arranged as N/J mutually exclusive PU groups each having an associated OBWG. Each PU has an accumulator, an arithmetic unit, and first and second multiplexed registers each having at least J+1 inputs and an output. A first input receives a memory operand and the other J inputs receive the J words of the associated OBWG. Each accumulator provides its output to a respective output buffer word. Each arithmetic unit performs an operation on the first and second multiplexed register outputs and the accumulator output to generate a result for accumulation into the accumulator. A mask input to the output buffer controls which words, if any, of the N words retain their current value or are updated with their respective accumulator output.

Abstract: In an aspect, a pipelined execution resource can produce an intermediate result for use in an iterative approximation algorithm in an odd number of clock cycles. The pipelined execution resource executes SIMD requests by staggering commencement of execution of the requests from a SIMD instruction. When executing one or more operations for a SIMD iterative approximation algorithm, and an operation for another SIMD iterative approximation algorithm is ready to begin execution, control logic causes intermediate results completed by the pipelined execution resource to pass through a wait state, before being used in a subsequent computation. This wait state presents two open scheduling cycles in which both parts of the next SIMD instruction can begin execution. Although the wait state increases latency to complete an in-progress algorithm, a total throughput of execution on the pipeline increases.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method of implementing packet-processing devices on multi-table datapath processors, comprising of a high-level, Turing-complete programming language that permits programmers to express time-invariant or time-variant packet-processing behavior using general-purpose programming languages, suitable compilation and analysis methods to transform a given input program into a datapath design, and a runtime control program to be executed on a general-purpose processor which can communicate with a configurable datapath element and which configures the datapath element according to the compiled datapath design and which implements appropriate dynamic control (e.g. flow table population) for the configured datapath element.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a method of creating, based on an operating-system-scheduled thread running on an operating-system-visible sequencer and using an instruction set extension, a persistent user-level thread to run on an operating-system-sequestered sequencer independently of context switch activities on the operating-system-scheduled thread. The operating-system-scheduled thread and the persistent user-level thread may share a common virtual address space. Embodiments of the invention may also provide a method of causing a service thread running on an additional operating-system-visible sequencer to provide operating system services to the persistent user-level thread. Embodiments of the invention may further provide apparatus, system, and machine-readable medium thereof.

Abstract: A processor includes an architectural register file loadable with micro-operations by architectural instructions of an architectural instruction set of the processor and an execution unit that executes instructions. The instructions are either architectural instructions or microinstructions into which architectural instructions are translated. The execution unit includes a decoder that decodes the instructions into micro-operations, a mode indicator that indicates one of first and second modes, a pipeline of stages to which are provided micro-operations that control circuits of the stages of the pipeline, and a multiplexer. The multiplexer selects for provision to the pipeline a micro-operation received from the decoder when the mode indicator indicates the first mode and selects for provision to the pipeline a micro-operation received from the architectural register file when the mode indicator indicates the second mode.

Abstract: Input data can be split into data components that can each have a length equal to a machine word size of a processor capable of parallel processing. Hash components can be selected to have a length equal to the length of the data components. A bitwise hashing function can be performed, in which each data component is hashed with a respective different one of the hash components. A representation of the hash components can be output as the hash. The bitwise hashing function can include an exclusive-or operation and a multiplication and can be a modified Fowler-Noll-Vo hashing function, such as a modified FNV-1a function.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for generating a suppressed address trace are described. In some embodiments, a processor includes a trace generator having a trace suppressor that outputs a suppressed address trace for instructions executed by the processor. In some embodiments, a method to generate a suppressed address trace for a processor includes generating a suppressed address trace of executed instructions from a trace suppressor of a trace generator of the processor.

Abstract: A system for predicting latency of at least one variable-latency instruction, wherein a microprocessor includes at least one pipeline, the at least one pipeline having an instruction stream. The microprocessor is configured to issue at least one dependent instruction, execute the at least one pipeline to serve at least one variable-latency instruction, generate a result of the at least one variable-latency instruction, and serve the at least one dependent instruction by using the result of the at least one variable-latency instruction.

Abstract: Methods and reservation stations for selecting instructions to issue to a functional unit of an out-of-order processor. The method includes classifying each instruction into one of a number of categories based on the type of instruction. Once classified an instruction is stored in an instruction queue corresponding to the category in which it was classified. Instructions are then selected from one or more of the instruction queues to issue to the functional unit based on a relative priority of the plurality of types of instructions. This allows certain types of instructions (e.g. control transfer instructions, flag setting instructions and/or address generation instructions) to be prioritized over other types of instructions even if they are younger. To be accompanied, when published, by FIG. 2 of the accompanying drawings.

Abstract: A multi-functional data processing pipeline is disclosed where the multi-functional pipeline comprises a plurality of pipelined data processing engines, the plurality of pipelined data processing engines being configured to perform processing operations. The multi-functional pipeline can be configured to controllably activate or deactivate each of the pipelined data processing engines in the pipeline in response to control instructions and thereby define a function for the pipeline, each pipeline function being the combined functionality of each activated pipelined data processing engine in the pipeline. In example embodiments, the pipelined data processing engines can include correlation logic, and such pipelines can be used to accelerate convolutional layers in machine-learning technology such as convolutional neural networks.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure provide a method and apparatus for controlling a startup bootstrap program of an intelligent TV set, and relate to the field of an embedded system so as to shorten a period of time for startup boot while initializing a screen normally. In the disclosure, after a system is powered on, a first task of initializing a screen in a startup bootstrap program is executed, and the length of preset time required for executing the first task is obtained, wherein the startup bootstrap program is a bootstrap program for initializing pieces of software/hardware of the system; executing a second initialization task unrelated to initializing the screen in the startup bootstrap program is executed while the first task is being executed, thus addressing the problem in the related art.

Abstract: Systems and methods for accessing data stored in a remote target using a Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) and independently of the status of the remote target's Operating System (OS). In some embodiments, a BMC of an Information Handling System (IHS) may have program instructions stored thereon that, upon execution, cause the IHS to: communicate with another BMC of another IHS over a network; and access a storage device of the other IHS through the other BMC via the network while the other IHS operates without any OS. In other embodiments, a method may include determining, by a first IHS, that a second IHS is operating without any OS; and sending, by a first BMC within the first IHS to a second BMC within the second IHS, an access request directed to a virtual drive of the second IHS.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring and correcting device operating states during steady-state operations may be automated. The operating states for devices operating in a steady-state environment may be monitored. Any operating device that is set to operate in an unexpected operating state may be automatically changed to its expected operating state. The operator may then be warned of any incorrect state assignment through a console message that cannot be ignored by the operator.

Abstract: A parallel processing device includes processors that execute respective processes and cause an FPGA circuit to process part of the processes. A first processor of the processors requests the FPGA to execute processing of part of a first process currently being executed, and transitions to a wait state of processing completion of the FPGA and, when the first processor initiates execution of a second process, the first processor sends movement-destination processor information to the FPGA, and also sends, to a movement-destination processor, environment setting information for the first process after completion in the FPGA. And the movement-destination processor performs setting of the environment setting information during the execution of the processing of the part of the first process by the FPGA circuit, and continues the processing of the first process in response to a processing completion notification from the FPGA circuit.

Abstract: A software platform for embedded systems. In one embodiment, a package is received and stored in memory of a computer system. The package comprises a plurality of software components and a real time operating system (RTOS). The plurality of software components are configured to provide respective services to any one of a plurality of applications executing on a microcontroller. The RTOS is configured for direct exchange of information with each of the plurality of software components.

Abstract: A system comprising a processor, a profiling engine, a dependency module, and a customization module coupled to the processor for customizing a virtual machine is disclosed. Initially, the profiling engine obtains profiling data corresponding to the virtual machine. The profiling data lists active components determined to be involved in performing the function that the virtual machine is to perform. The dependency module determines dependent components utilized by the active components for implementing the functionality. The dependency module generates a dependency mapping. The dependency mapping maps the active components and the dependent components. Further, the customization module generates a list of retainable and non-retainable components. The retainable components are to be retained in the virtual machine and include the active components and dependent components. The non-retainable components are removed from the virtual machine for customizing the virtual machine.

Abstract: A method of establishing trusted operability between virtualized states of a Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) system providing a network service and operating in a virtual computing environment is disclosed. The method comprises receiving, by a physical server, a request to execute a trusted process, wherein the physical server comprises a processor with at least one core processing unit. The method further comprises assigning, by a trusted hypervisor, the execution of the trusted process to a first virtual server on a first core processing unit, dedicating physical portions of cache, memory, and disk storage to the first core processing unit; and executing the trusted process. The method further comprises receiving, by the physical server, a request to execute an untrusted process and assigning, by the trusted hypervisor, the execution of the untrusted process to a second virtual server on a second core processing unit, and restricting access to the trusted process.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing a communication path are disclosed. Information can be received via a first communication session based on a first messaging protocol. The first communication session can be terminated at a virtual machine of a group of virtual machines. A dynamically bound communication path to a resource can be selected based on a dynamically reconfigurable routing table for the group of virtual machines. A second communication session can be initiated, at the virtual machine, via the selected dynamically bound communication path. The information can be transmitted to the resource via the second communication session based on a second messaging protocol.

Abstract: According to one example, to access at least one computer device from a virtual machine, a control domain accesses a list of at least one device. For each device in the list of devices, a determination is made as to whether the device is to be exposed to a virtual machine, and a table of devices determined to be exposed to the virtual machine is created and provided to the virtual machine. Determining whether a device is to be exposed to a virtual machine is based on at least one device attribute.

Abstract: Software, firmware, and systems are described herein that permit an organization to dock previously-utilized, limited-feature data management modules with a full-featured data management system. By docking limited-feature data management modules to a full-featured data management system, metadata and data from the various limited-feature data management modules can be integrated and utilized more efficiently and effectively. Moreover, additional data management features can be provided to users after a more seamless transition.

Abstract: An application software platform is provided for use in a process plant or other environment to enable various different applications to run, to obtain access to, and to use data from various different assets in the plant or other asset environment in a consistent and easily understood manner. The software platform includes a class-based object structure or model that is set up and used to organize and to efficiently provide access to data about, generated by, or obtained from the assets in the plant. This class-based object structure may be used to provide efficient and organized communications between the various monitoring or other applications and the plant assets or sources of data. The class-based object structure is extensible and includes or defines various hierarchies of class objects that, in turn, define various levels of the assets or other physical or logic entities being monitored (i.e.

Abstract: A centralized controller may include at least one processor, a memory and a communication interface. The centralized controller may configure a computing system in a single deployment of an executable process. The executable process may include multiple executable instances associated with one of multiple different templates for the executable process. Each template may include multiple user-configurable parameters. A user may request a template associated with a first executable instance and update the template using the user-configurable parameters. The centralized controller may generate a second executable instance of the executable process and a second template associated with the second executable instance based on the updated template. The centralized controller may reconfigure the computing system based on the second executable instance of the executable process while maintaining the configuration of the computing system based on the first executable instance.

Abstract: A method for processing an interrupt by a virtualization platform, and a related device, where the method includes determining an nth physical central processing unit (pCPU) from U target pCPUs when an ith physical interrupt occurs in a jth physical input/output device, setting the nth pCPU to process the ith physical interrupt, determining an ith virtual interrupt according to the ith physical interrupt, and determining an mth virtual central processing unit (vCPU) from V target vCPUs such that a kth virtual machine (VM) uses the mth vCPU to execute the ith virtual interrupt, where U, V, i, j, k, m, and n are positive integers while U and V are greater than or equal to 1.

Abstract: Methods for enabling an application-level direct control of multiple facilities are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the method includes reading, by operation of an application-level handler, a register configured to store status information and control information associated with a plurality of facilities, wherein a facility is a process running independently from a processor, determining an order of priority for events in the register based on the status information and control information of the multiple facilities, and processing the events in the order of priority such that an application can directly control the multiple facilities simultaneously.

Abstract: A sequence of tuples, each having one or more attributes, is received at one of one or more processing elements operating on one or more processors. Each processing element may have one or more stream operators. A first stream operator may be identified as one that only processes an instance of a first attribute in a currently received tuple when a difference between an instance of the first attribute in a previously received tuple and the instance of the first attribute in the currently received tuple is outside of a difference threshold. A second stream operator may generate a difference attribute from a first instance of the first attribute in a first one of the received tuples and a second instance of the first attribute in a second one of the received tuples. The difference attribute may be transmitted from the second stream operator to the first stream operator.