Abstract: A lock member for a rotary connector device includes a ring portion defining an aperture. Also included is a first leg. Further included is a second leg, wherein the lock member is moveable between a first configuration and a second configuration, the first configuration comprising the first leg disposed within a slot of a rotating member of the rotary connector device and the second leg disposed within a pocket of a fixed member of the rotary connector device, the second configuration comprising the second leg disposed within the slot of the rotating member and the first leg disposed within the pocket of the fixed member.

Abstract: A lead frame for attaching leads to a hermetic feedthrough includes a cross-member and a plurality of leads. Each of the leads has an elongate body extending from the cross-member in a direction substantially parallel with one another, and each lead includes at least one of a notch on an end thereof opposite to the cross-member or a hole proximate to the end.

Abstract: An electrical connector including an insulative housing; a number of contacts retained in the insulative housing; a printed circuit board electrically connected with the contacts; and a fixing member assembled to both the insulative housing and the printed circuit board, the fixing member having a pair of latch arms extending from two opposite sides thereof to hold two sides of the printed circuit board.

Abstract: An improved method of making sealant containing twist-on wire connectors from a batch of components, wherein some of the components may be preassembled through automated equipment and at least one or more of the steps performed in the making of a sealant containing twist-on wire connector is performed manually at a station where an operator can simultaneously perform one or more steps to enhance the formation of a twist-on wire connector containing a sealant while at the same time eliminating upfront investments costs for a work station as well as costs for maintenance of a work station.

Abstract: A SFP tool can include a tool body with an installer key slidingly engaged with the tool body and/or an extractor key slidingly engaged with the tool body. The installer key can include one or more port engagers at a distal end of the installer key to engage with one or more corresponding ports in a SFP for installing the SFP into a SFP slot in a networking device. To remove a SFP from a SFP slot of a networking device, a bail engager pivotally coupled to an extractor key at a distal end of the extractor key can be engage and unlock a bail on the SFP. The SFP can be removed by moving a extractor key handle away from the networking device and/or the pressure can be applied to the extractor key handle and the SFP tool can be pulled away from the networking device.

Abstract: A medical laser system includes a crystal-based laser, a power supply for powering the crystal-based laser, a controller operably connected to the crystal-based laser and the power supply, and a liquid cooling system. The liquid cooling system includes a conduit circuit through which a cooling liquid can circulate. The conduit circuit is thermally coupled to the crystal-based laser such that the cooling liquid in the conduit circuit absorbs heat from the crystal-based laser. One or more heat sinks are coupled to the conduit circuit and to the power supply such that the cooling liquid in the conduit circuit absorbs heat from the power supply. A pump is provided for driving the cooling liquid through the conduit circuit. A heat exchanger cools the cooling liquid in the conduit circuit.

Abstract: In the method of generating high power light with high efficiency and low thermal loading, the improvement comprising the steps of resonantly pumping a first thulium-doped fiber laser with a second thulium-doped fiber last, said second thulium-doped fiber laser having a shorter wavelength than said first thulium-doped fiber laser.

Abstract: A fiber gain medium provided by a rare-earth doped fiber (10) is contained in a first resonant cavity by end reflectors (12, 18). The reflector (12) is wavelength selective to limit the frequency band of the first resonant cavity. The first resonant cavity also contains a second resonant enhancement cavity (16) with multiple transmission bands lying within the first resonant cavity's frequency band. Multiple standing wave modes of the first resonant cavity lie within both the frequency band of the first resonant cavity and the transmission bands of the second resonant cavity, and it is these standing wave modes that support laser action when the rare-earth doped fiber is suitably pumped by pump lasers (40).

Abstract: Techniques described herein are generally related to metamaterial structures for Q-switching in laser systems. The various described techniques may be applied to methods, systems, devices or combinations thereof. Some described metamaterial structures may include a substrate and a first conductive layer disposed on a first surface of the substrate. A dielectric layer may be disposed on a first surface of the first conductive layer and a second conductive layer having a substantially symmetric geometric shape may be disposed on a first surface of the dielectric layer. The second conductive layer may cover a portion of the first surface of the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to systems and methods for correcting lateral and angular displacement of laser beams within a laser cavity. For some embodiments, such systems and methods are used to correct angular displacement of laser beams within a laser cavity that result from varying the lasing wavelength in a tunable laser system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical amplifier arrangement and a method of amplifying an optical signal. The optical amplifier arrangement (20) comprises an optical dividing device (21) arranged to divide an optical input pulse into a plurality of non-overlapping pulses forming a pulse train, an optical amplifier (22) arranged to amplify the pulse train, and an optical aligning display (23) arranged to temporally align the plurality of amplified pulses in the amplified pulse train into a single output pulse having the same temporal width as the input pulse.

Abstract: A method of generating fs laser pulses (1), includes steps of creating a circulating light field in a resonator cavity (10) with multiple resonator mirrors (11-18) by pumping at least one gain medium (21, 22) included in the resonator cavity (10), and passing the circulating light field through a first Kerr medium (31) included in the resonator cavity (10), so that the fs laser pulses (1) are formed by self-amplitude modulation of the circulating light field, wherein the resonator cavity (10) includes at least one supplementary Kerr medium (32-36) enhancing the self-amplitude modulation of the circulating light field, and each of the first Kerr medium (31) and the at least one supplementary Kerr medium (32-36) provide different non-linear Kerr lens contributions to the self-amplitude modulation of the circulating light field. Laser pulse source apparatus (100) for generating fs laser pulses (1) is also described.

Abstract: A method for extending and enhancing bright coherent high-order harmonic generation into the VUV-EUV-X-ray regions of the spectrum involves a way of accomplishing phase matching or effective phase matching of extreme upconversion of laser light at high conversion efficiency, approaching 10?3 in some spectral regions, and at significantly higher photon energies in a waveguide geometry, in a self-guiding geometry, a gas cell, or a loosely focusing geometry, containing nonlinear medium. The extension and enhancement of the coherent VUV, EUV, X-ray emission to high photon energies relies on using VUV-UV-VIS lasers of shorter wavelength. This leads to enhancement of macroscopic phase matching parameters due to stronger contribution of linear and nonlinear dispersion of both atoms and ions, combined with a strong microscopic single-atom yield.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing an optical unit, including a step of bringing two side face portions of a ceramic package into contact with two contact portions of a jig, a step of placing plural light-receiving and light-emitting elements in a predetermined region of the ceramic package with reference to the contact portions of the jig, and a step of connecting the plural light-receiving and light-emitting elements to a wiring line part formed in the ceramic package by using a bonding wire, wherein at least one of the plural light-receiving and light-emitting elements is placed between one of the two contact portions of the jig and another one of the plural light-receiving and light-emitting elements in the step of placing the plural light-receiving and light-emitting elements.

Abstract: A light-emitting element module includes a temperature adjustment element, a light-emitting element arranged on a temperature adjustment surface of the temperature adjustment element, a metal layer arranged on the temperature adjustment surface, a relay member arranged on the temperature adjustment surface through the metal layer, a wiring layer arranged on a surface of the relay member at an opposite side to the temperature adjustment surface, a wiring to electrically connect the light-emitting element and the wiring layer, and a wiring to electrically connect a connection electrode and the wiring layer. The wiring layer has an area smaller than an area of a region where the metal layer overlaps the relay member in a plan view.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wavelength-tunable laser, which can tune an oscillating laser wavelength and can be manufactured in a small size, comprising: a laser diode chip (100) for emitting a laser beam; a partial reflection mirror (500) for optical feedback, which partially reflects the beam emitted from the laser diode chip (100) so as to enable the reflected beam to be fed back to the laser diode chip (100); a collimation lens (200) provided on an optical path between the laser diode chip (100) and the partial reflection mirror (500) for optical feedback so as to collimate the beam emitted from the laser diode chip (100); a wavelength-tunable selective filter (300) for converting the wavelength transmitted according to the temperature; a phase compensator (350) of which a refractive index is changed according to the temperature and which offsets a change in the refractive index according to the temperature of the semiconductor laser diode chip (100) or the wavelength-tunable selective filter (300)

Abstract: A method and apparatus for powering up and powering down a laser diode and its driver are disclosed. The disclosed method and apparatus enable the use of deep sub-micron CMOS technology to build a laser diode driver (LDD), while ensuring the low voltage limits prescribed by such technology are not exceeded. Building an LDD with deep sub-micron CMOS technology pushes circuit integration further ahead, bringing cost of LDDs and required board circuits down.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor light device comprising a semiconductor substrate having a first conduction type; a first cladding layer having the first conduction type deposited above the semiconductor substrate; an active layer; a second cladding layer having a second conduction type; and a contact layer. The active layer includes a window portion that is disordered via diffusion of vacancies and a non-window portion having less disordering than the window portion, and the contact layer includes a first region and a second region that is below the first region and has greater affinity for hydrogen than the first region.

Abstract: A two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser has a laminated structure including: a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2DPC) layer in which refractive index distribution is formed by two-dimensionally arranging air holes in a plate-shaped base member; and an active layer for generating light with wavelength ?L by receiving an injection of electric current. The two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser emits a laser beam in the direction of an inclination angle ? from normal to the 2DPC layer.

Abstract: A multisection digital supermode-distributed Bragg reflector (MSDS-DBR) comprising: a plurality P of digital supermode Bragg reflector (DS-DBR) grating sections arranged along a waveguide; wherein each DS-DBR grating section is configured to pass or reflect light over a given spectral region, the given spectral region being different from the spectral regions of the other DS-DBR grating sections; wherein each DS-DBR grating section comprises a plurality M of grating sub-regions, each sub-region corresponding to a spectral sub-band within the spectral region of the DS-DBR grating section, and wherein each grating sub-region includes a positive electrical contact and a negative electrical contact; said grating sub-region being configured to pass or reflect light of its spectral sub-band when an electrical bias is provided between its positive and negative electrical contacts.

Abstract: A high brightness diode laser package includes a plurality of flared laser oscillator waveguides arranged on a stepped surface to emit respective laser beams in one or more emission directions, a plurality of optical components situated to receive the laser beams from the plurality of flared laser oscillator waveguides and to provide the beams in a closely packed relationship, and an optical fiber optically coupled to the closely packed beams for coupling the laser beams out of the diode laser package.

Abstract: An external resonator type light emitting system includes a light source oscillating a semiconductor laser light and a grating device providing an external resonator with the light source. The light source includes an active layer oscillating the semiconductor laser light. The grating device includes an optical waveguide having an incident face to which the semiconductor laser is incident and an emitting face of emitting an emitting light of a desired wavelength, a Bragg grating formed in the optical waveguide, and a propagating portion provided between the incident face and the Bragg grating. Formulas (1) to (4) are satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser device being formed of at least one VCSEL (15) with intracavity contacts. The VCSEL comprises a layer structure (18) with an active region (6) between a first DBR (4) and a second DBR (10), a first current-injection layer (5) of a first conductivity type between the first DBR (4) and the active region (6), and a second current-injection layer (8) of a second conductivity type between the second DBR (10) and the active region (6). The first and second current-injection layers (5, 8) are in contact with a first and a second metallic contact (11, 12), respectively. The first and/or second DBR (4, 10) are formed of alternating Aluminum oxide and Al(x)Ga(1?x)As containing layers. The proposed design of this VCSEL allows an increased efficiency and lower production costs of such a laser since the top and bottom DBRs may be formed of a considerable reduced thickness.

Abstract: A surge arrester includes a gas-tight discharge chamber that is formed by at least one insulating body and two electrodes. The electrodes extend into the discharge chamber and include an electrode spacing with respect to one another and a wall spacing with respect to the insulating body inner wall. The electrode spacing is equal to twice the wall spacing or is less than twice the wall spacing.

Abstract: An industrial spark plug (20) includes a central electrode (24) with a central base (30) formed of a nickel-based material and a central firing tip (32) formed of an iridium-based material. The central firing tip (32) has a tip thickness (tct) of 0.02 to 0.03 inches, a tip diameter (dct) of 0.1184 to 0.1776 inches, and an aspect ratio of 4.736 to 7.104. The central firing tip (32) is electron beam welded to the central base (30) to provide a robust joint therebetween. The central electron beam weld (36) includes a mixture of re-crystallized iridium-based material and re-crystallized nickel-based material extending continuously along and over the entire welding interface. The spark plug (20) also includes a ground electrode (26) with a ground firing tip (38) electron beam welded to a ground base (42).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a spark plug which includes, at at least one of a center electrode and a ground electrode, a tip having excellent spark wear resistance in a high temperature environment, thereby having excellent durability. A spark plug includes a center electrode and a ground electrode disposed with a gap provided between the center electrode and the ground electrode. At least one of the center electrode and the ground electrode includes a tip which defines the gap. The tip includes a metal base material containing Ir as a main component, and oxide particles containing at least one of oxides having a perovskite structure represented by general formula ABO3 (A is at least one element selected from elements in group 2 in a periodic table, and B is at least one element selected from metal elements). When a cross section of the tip is observed, an area proportion of the oxide particles is not lower than 1% and not higher than 13%.

Abstract: An observation plug 102 includes a spark plug body 50, an objective optical system 10, and a set of light conduction paths 16. The spark plug body 50 ignites gas in a combustion chamber by an electric discharge in a discharge gap 60, and has an observation hole 4 penetrating in an axial direction at a location dislocated from the discharge gap 60. The objective optical system 10, which is provided in the observation hole 4 to be exposed into the combustion chamber, bends a course of light received from an incident surface 10a facing toward the discharge gap included in an observation area, and forms an image of the observation area within the observation hole 4. The set of light conduction paths 16 is provided in the observation hole 4, and divides the image of the observation area into a plurality of portions to be transmitted therethrough.

Abstract: A spark gap arrangement comprises a triggerable spark gap (TF) and a trigger circuit (TRG), which comprises a first and a second charge store (C1, C2), a first resistor (R1), a triggerable dissipation element (SF, SF3, TD, TH) and a transformer (T1). The trigger circuit is set up to intermediately store the energy of an input pulse supplied to the input side of the trigger circuit (TRG), wherein storage takes place at least by means of the first charge store (C1). A part of the stored energy is transferred to the second charge store (C2) via the first resistor (R1). The triggerable dissipation element (SF, TD, TH) is set up to turn on on the basis of a voltage across the second charge store (C2) and to discharge the first charge store (C1) via a primary side (T11) of the transformer (T1). In this case, a secondary side (T12) of the transformer (T1) is connected to a main electrode (HE) of the triggerable spark gap (TF) and to a trigger electrode (TE) of the triggerable spark gap (TF).

Abstract: An assembly for the frame of a switchboard is disclosed, which can include a hollow member which extends lengthwise along a reference axis and which has at least one slot. The assembly can include at least one connecting element for connecting the assembly to a corresponding corner joint element of the frame, and the connecting element can include an insulating body and a fixing metal plate which is associated to a carrying part of the insulating body. The carrying part can be at least partially inserted transversally with respect to the reference axis into the hollow member through the slot, so as to arrange at least a portion of the associated fixing metal plate into the hollow member transversally with respect to the reference axis.

Abstract: Bypass systems can be used to connect alternative energy sources to existing distribution panels without the need to replace or upgrade the distribution panel. Some such bypass systems may be integrated directly into an electric meter, while others can be connected to the meter but located laterally or otherwise away from the electric meter. The bypass busbars and breakers may in some devices be interchangeable, allowing for greater flexibility and capacity of the bypass systems.

Abstract: A submersible power system includes at least one DC power source and at least one submersible power distribution system electrically coupled to the at least one DC power source. The at least one submersible power distribution system includes at least one receptacle configured to be exposed to an underwater environment. The at least one submersible power distribution system also includes a plurality of power conversion modules removably positioned within the at least one receptacle. Each power conversion module of the plurality of power conversion modules includes an enclosure configured to be exposed to the underwater environment. The at least one submersible power distribution system further includes at least one switchyard module selectably coupled to and uncoupled from the plurality of power conversion modules. The at least one switchyard module includes a plurality of switches configured to electrically bypass and isolate each power conversion module from the DC power source.

Abstract: The electrical panel barricade is a three sided cabinet that prevents unauthorized access to electrical panels that are uncovered for maintenance purposes. The electrical panel barricade is attached directly to the uncovered electrical panel using two adjustable clamping bars. The electrical panel barricade can be installed to protect an uncovered electrical panel that needs to be left unattended. The electrical panel barricade can be installed as a temporary closure to accommodate electrical testing equipment that may not fit into the original electrical panel. The electrical panel barricade comprises a door, a left panel, a right panel, a left locking wing, a right locking wing, a top member, and a bottom member.

Abstract: A detachable high powered electronic module of a high powered electronic system capable of receiving high power is disclosed. In one embodiment, the detachable high powered electronic includes a sub-array of the high powered electronic module, a heat exchanger assembly, a power converter module, and a mechanical interface. The mechanical interface is configured to detachably couple the sub-array and the power converter module via the heat exchanger assembly. Further, the detachable sub-array assembly is configured to deliver power received from the power converter module to the sub-array and also to substantially simultaneously extract heat away from the detachable sub-array.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transmission station for feeding locally provided electrical energy, in particular provided by one or more wind power installations, into a grid. According to the invention, it is proposed for a housing of the transmission station to feature a first, accessible room and a second room that is connected to the outside world by means of an exhaust pipe, with such first room and second room being connected to each other by means of a joint recess, with such control unit closing the joint recess, and with one casing of the control unit being open in the area where the recess is closed and/or showing a predetermined breaking point that is adapted to fail if an electric arc occurs inside the control unit.

Abstract: A door for an arc-resistant compartment includes an opening there-through. Flap structure includes a flap member coupled to the door and movable between an opened position permitting air to pass through the opening, and a closed position covering the opening. Spring structure is engaged with the flap member to bias the flap member to the closed position. Handle structure is coupled to the flap member and extends through the door for moving the flap member to the opened position against the bias of the spring structure. Retaining structure provides a retaining force on the flap member to retain the flap member in the open position, against the bias of the spring structure. During an arcing event in the compartment, pressure within the compartment together with the bias of the spring structure overcomes the retaining force to automatically move the flap member to the closed position.

Abstract: A brace assembly is provided having a brace for mounting to a support and a hanger member. The hanger member is coupled to the brace by a bar positioned in a longitudinal slot in the bottom side of the brace. The bar enables the hanger member to slide along the length of the brace. The hanger member has a bottom wall and side walls with a top end for coupling to a support. A mounting bracket is removably coupled to the hanger member for supporting the brace.

Abstract: A backless electrical box is formed out of a single piece of material, with a front and sides of the box being parts of the same single piece of material. The front of the box has an integrally-formed mud ring that extends forward from a front base of the front. The sides are made out of material bent back from two opposite edges of the front base, bent around to form the four sides. Some or all of the sides may have seams in them, which may be secured by portions of material overlapping along some or all of the height of the sides, riveted or otherwise attached together. Mounting flanges may extend from the other two opposite edges of the front base. Tabs bent downward from the mounting flanges may be used to cover holes in the sides that extend rearward from these two other opposite edges.

Abstract: Provided is a block for a vehicle. The block for a vehicle includes a main housing, an upper housing, support bars, and temporary fastening portions. The main housing has a first containing space. The upper housing has a second containing space. At least part of the upper housing is inserted into the main housing. The support bars protrude upward from edges of the main housing, and are elastically deformable in a direction away from the main housing. The temporary fastening portions protrude downward from edges of the upper housing. When the temporary fastening portions are seated on the upper portions of the support bars, the upper housing is temporarily fastened to the main housing. When the support bars are elastically deformed, the temporary fastening portions exit the state of being seated on the upper portions of the support bars, and thus the temporary fastening is released.

Abstract: The electrical box (100) includes: a body (110) that presents a side wall (111) that is closed at the rear by a rear wall (112) so as to define an inside volume for receiving at least one electrical accessory. The electrical box further includes at least one metal electrical-connection element (130, 140, 150) that is fastened to the body and that includes an inside terminal for connecting the electrical accessory, and an outside terminal (132, 142, 152) that is situated outside the body for connecting an electrical conductor, the rear wall being arranged so as to provide access, via the inside volume, to the inside terminal of the metal electrical-connection element.

Abstract: A floor box assembly includes a floor box, a mounting plate, a below-floor insulation kit, and an intumescent stem. When the floor box is installed on a floor deck having flutes and valleys, the mounting plate straddles one or more valleys and supports the floor box. The below-floor insulation kit closes off the flutes adjacent to the valley straddled by the mounting plate, and the intumescent stem penetrates the floor deck at the bottom of the valley. When installed, the floor box assembly is held together by attachment fasteners extending from the mounting plate through the floor deck and the below-floor insulation kit.

Abstract: A power supply assembly and method for installing in a retail store environment are described. The power supply assembly is relocatable for providing power and/or data to a particular location within the retail store environment. The power supply assembly can provide power and/or data from a power source above a dropped ceiling to a powered fixture without the ceiling panel being set askew, in a manner that may be more aesthetically pleasing and that can satisfy building code requirements. The power supply assembly can be movable to various locations in the retail store environment and does not require installation of a structure such as, but not limited to, a power pole or other beam-like structure in which power cords may be contained.

Abstract: A customizable bus system includes a system module containing one or more accessory modules and is easily mounted along a surface in a workspace, such as the underside of a cabinet. The accessory modules provide conveniently located utility services and applications such as power, lighting or media connections, and may be interchanged within the bus system to provide particular services and applications where they are needed most. Additionally, the bus system may include a control center for controlling the operation of one or more of the accessory modules, such as manually or automatically. The bus system may also include multiple housings that are functionally linked. Additionally, the housings may be integrated with the applications and take the form of a modular stick, which can be easily installed to provide a service or application in an area, or removed and replaced by a modular stick having another desired service or application.

Abstract: A method and a system for a mounting device are provided. The mounting device includes at least two shells, each shell having an inner surface and an outer surface wherein the outer surface includes a first banding zone, a second banding zone, and a clamping zone extending between the first banding zone and the second banding zone and a pair of shoulders bounding each of the first banding zone and second banding zone. The mounting device also includes an intermediary material circumscribing the wire bundle including at least one of a substantially non-porous material, a vulcanizing tape, and a silicone material. The mounting device further includes at least one fastener configured to engage the first banding zone or second banding zone to couple the first shell and the second shell to the wire bundle and the intermediary material.

Abstract: The embodiments herein provide a device for sealing an interface having an opening for a wire to pass through the interface. A pair of sealing blocks may be used where one block contains a protrusion and the opposing block contains a recess. The protrusion and recess preferably have an apex with a round having approximately the same dimension as the radius of the wire. A pair of posts may be positioned on opposing sides of the opening. One sealing block may contain an aperture for accepting one of the posts while the second sealing block may contain an aperture for accepting the opposing post. The posts may be threaded so that they can accept a threaded fastener. Exemplary embodiments may utilize mounting plates which may contain a flange such that squeezing the opposing flanges together can cause inward forces on the sealing blocks.

Abstract: Conductors within a multi-conductor electrical cable can be safely and separately connected using a splitter that incorporates smooth and chamfered openings and surfaces, and at least one elongated (e.g., tubular) passageway for covering an uninsulated conductor.

Abstract: A nuclear power control system includes: a safety protection apparatus which outputs a first safety mode operating signal while outputting a first unsafety mode operating signal; a CCF apparatus that outputs a second safety mode operating signal; and a signal input/output circuit that is connected to the safety protection apparatus and the CCF apparatus. The signal input/output circuit includes an OR circuit that outputs a third safety mode operating signal based on the presence or absence of an input of the first safety mode operating signal and the second safety mode operating signal; a NOT circuit that is connected to the output side of the OR circuit; and an AND circuit that outputs a third unsafety mode operating signal, and the presence and absence of an input of a first unsafety mode operating signal.

Abstract: The device for driving the semiconductor element is provided with a drive circuit section, a charging circuit section and a shutting circuit section. The charging circuit section is electrically connected to an external circuit provided with a diode and a capacitive element. The semiconductor element has a first electrode, a second electrode and a control terminal. The cathode of the diode is connected to the first electrode. One of two terminals of the capacitive element is connected to the cathode of the diode, and the other terminal is connected to the second electrode. The charging circuit section enables the capacitive element to be charged at a higher rate after a timed point at which the voltage on the capacitive element becomes equal to a saturation voltage in a case where the input signal is an on-signal.

Abstract: An apparatus (100) for protecting a circuit (200) from an input volume comprises a switchable element (10) arranged to couple the input voltage (VIN) to the circuit (200) in response to a first control signal (DRV1) having a first value and to decouple the input voltage (VIN) from the circuit (200) in response to the first control signal (DRV1) having a second value. A monitor stage (20) compares a monitored voltage (VMON) to a threshold (VIN). A controller (30) provides the first control signal (DRV1) to the switchable element (10), the first control signal (DRV1) having the first value when the monitored voltage (VMON) is on one side of the threshold (VTH) and the second value when the monitored voltage (VMON) is on the other side of the threshold (VTH), wherein the first value is independent of the input voltage (VIN) and the second value is equal to the input voltage (VIN).

Abstract: A system is described that includes a first portion including one or more components configured to implement one or more safety functions of an application. The system further includes, a second, different portion comprising one or more different components configured to activate a safety path in response to a detection of a voltage overstress in the first portion. The system further includes a third, different portion comprising one or more different components configured to electrically couple the first portion to the second portion and to prevent the voltage overstress from propagating from the first portion to the second portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for detecting faults in an electric power delivery system. In one embodiment, a system may include a data acquisition subsystem configured to receive a plurality of representations of electrical conditions. The system may also include a traveling wave differential subsystem configured to determine an operating quantity based on the plurality of representations of electrical conditions. The traveling wave differential subsystem may also determine a restraint quantity based on the plurality of representations of electrical conditions. The traveling wave differential subsystem may detect a traveling wave generated by the fault based on the plurality of representations. A fault detector subsystem may be configured to declare a fault based on a comparison of the operating quantity and the restraint quantity. A protective action subsystem may implement a protective action based on the declaration of the fault.