Abstract: A matching network circuit for RF power amplifier circuit capable of odd harmonic rejection and even harmonic rejection in the differential mode and the common mode, respectively. The matching network circuit includes a differential mode filter with a differential resonant frequency and a passive component coupled to a virtual short circuit node at the differential mode filter, wherein a common mode filter with a common resonant frequency includes the differential mode filter and the passive component. As a result, two notch filters with different resonant frequencies are utilized for the common mode and the differential mode, respectively.

Abstract: An analog differential amplifier circuit, such as an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), with input offset correction capability. First and second analog floating gate (AFG) devices each include a trim transistor connected in parallel with a series transistor in first and second input legs, respectively, of the amplifier. Floating gate electrodes in the AFG devices are differentially programmed to correct for error in the output signal in response to zero input differential voltage at its inputs. Temperature stability is attained by programming the floating gate electrodes to gate voltages above the floating gate transistors. In one embodiment, the AFG devices each include a second trim transistor sharing the same floating gate electrode; the sum of the currents conducted by the second trim transistors is added, by way of a current mirror, to the tail current applied to the first and second input legs.

Abstract: A multiport amplifier MPA is provided with an N-input input network, INET, an N-output output network, ONET, and N amplifiers interposed between the INET and the ONET, the MPA comprising N wanted signal paths and N·(N?1) null signal paths wherein N is divisible by 2, half of the N amplifier paths comprise a signal inversion with respect to the other half of the N amplifier paths, the INET and the ONET each comprise one or more quadrature hybrid couplers, QHC, wherein a pair of amplifier paths is arranged between the output of a first QHC in the INET and the input of a second QHC at the ONET, and each signal inversion is arranged in one of the amplifier paths of each pair of amplifier paths such that the ideal amplitude gain of at least one of the N·(N?i) null signal paths is zero.

Abstract: Disclosed examples include programmable gain amplifier (PGA) circuits with an operation amplifier circuit having a first amplifier input and a second amplifier input including a plurality of second input nodes, a resistor array including a plurality of resistor sections connected in series with one another between the amplifier output and a reference voltage node, and a trim select circuit coupled between the second amplifier input and the resistor array circuit to deliver a feedback voltage signal to each individual one of the second input nodes from a given selected one of a plurality of the tap points of the resistor array circuit according to a trim code to provide analog gain trimming by interpolation.

Abstract: A compensation circuit includes an amplifier coupled between a first voltage terminal and a common terminal. The amplifier has a first output terminal. A current source transistor has a current path coupled between a second voltage terminal and a second output terminal. A threshold voltage sense transistor has a current path coupled between the first and second output terminals. A gate and drain of the threshold voltage sense transistor are connected. An output transistor having a current path coupled between the first output terminal and a third output terminal has a gate coupled to the second output terminal.

Abstract: An automatic gain control loop disposed in a receiver is adapted to compensate for varying levels of out of band interference sources by adaptively controlling the gain distribution throughout the receive signal path. One or more intermediate received signal strength indicator (RSSI) detectors are used to determine a corresponding intermediate signal level. The output of each RSSI detector is coupled to an associated comparator that compares the intermediate RSSI value against a corresponding threshold. The take over point (TOP) for gain stages is adjusted based in part on the comparator output values. The TOP for each of a plurality of gain stages may be adjusted in discrete steps or continuously.

Abstract: A system improve amplifier efficiency of operation relative to that of an amplifier with fixed biasing is operating channel dependent. A control circuit determines a bias current for an amplifying transistor of an amplifier circuit based at least in part on an operating channel. The amplifying transistor operates in a multi-channel system, where the bias current for the amplifying transistor operating at channels at an edge of a channel band is different from the bias current for the amplifying transistor operating at channels nearer a center of the channel band.

Abstract: An equaliser for aurally compensated equalisation of a sound mix consisting of sounds of various frequencies (f) generates an equalisation curve (P(f)), which shows a frequency-dependent change in sound levels (P) of sounds, and for frequencies fE(n)=kn·f0 has extremes (P(n)=P(f(n))) and for frequencies fN(n)=k(n?1/2)·f0 has zero points (N(n)=N(f(n))), with (formula (I)), f0 of a frequency of a predefined extreme (P(0)) and 1.52?k?1.82.

Abstract: A method of controlling an audio system includes generating a situation response model for a situation parameter, determining a situation parameter value, and at least one of (1) providing an audio system output as a function of the situation response model and the situation parameter value and (2) receiving an audio system input as a function of the situation response model and the situation parameter value.

Abstract: A class-D amplifier includes an error amplification circuit, a duty signal generator, a level selection circuit, a driver and control block and an output stage. The class-D amplifier divides peal levels of an error signal into multi-level and changes a scheme for modulating the error signal when the error signal crosses each level boundary of the multi-level thereby to have an effect such as the error signal is folded. Therefore, the class-D amplifier drives output nodes with multi-level and thus the class-D amplifier may increasing efficiency while reducing EMI.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) die for electromagnetic band gap (EBG) noise suppression is provided. A power mesh and a ground mesh are stacked within a back end of line (BEOL) region overlying a semiconductor substrate, and an inductor is arranged over the power and ground meshes. The inductor comprises a plurality of inductor segments stacked upon one another and connected end to end to define a length of the inductor. A capacitor underlies the power and ground meshes, and is connected in series with the inductor. Respective terminals of the capacitor and the inductor are respectively coupled to the power and ground meshes. A method for manufacturing the IC die is also provided.

Abstract: In a piezoelectric resonator manufacturing method, a sacrificial layer is formed on a back surface of a piezoelectric substrate. A support layer is formed on the back surface of the piezoelectric substrate so as to cover the sacrificial layer. A support layer as a piezoelectric resonator is formed by flattening the support layer. A recess in which the surface of the sacrificial layer is recessed with respect to the surface of the support layer is formed by abrading the surfaces of the support layer and the sacrificial layer. The recess extends to a vicinity of a boundary surface between the support layer and the sacrificial layer in the support layer. A support substrate is adhered to the surfaces of the support layer including the recess and the sacrificial layer via an adhesive material.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a cable includes a data transmission path disposed about an axial center of the cable and a power transmission path sheathing the data transmission path. The power transmission path includes a power layer and a ground layer, where the power transmission path is characterized by a distributed impedance having at least one frequency dependent impedance characteristic. In some implementations, ground layer shields the data transmission path from electromagnetic interference. In some implementations, the frequency dependent impedance characteristic of the power transmission path is characterized by a capacitance value that satisfies a capacitance criterion at frequencies above a first frequency level. In some implementations, the frequency dependent impedance characteristic of the power transmission path is characterized by an inductance value that satisfies a first inductance criterion at frequencies above a first frequency level.

Abstract: An impedance matching transformer for high-frequency transmission line includes a carrier plate, a plurality of conductive posts, a magnetic core and a microstrip inductor. During high frequency transmission, the impedance matching transformer is used as a balanced-to-unbalanced transformation between high-frequency transmission lines. The microstrip inductor includes a plurality of laminated non-conductive substrates, a plurality of conductive tracks laid on the laminated non-conductive substrates respectively. Each of the conductive tracks is electrically connected through vias. Finally, several outlet paths are led out, and then connected to conductively accessing holes.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an acoustic resonator with reduced mechanical clamping of an active region for enhanced shear mode response. More specifically, the present disclosure provides a solidly mounted BAW resonator device with an active region of piezoelectric material laterally surrounded by an inactive region with a reduced thickness of piezoelectric material such that at least an upper portion of the inactive region along a boundary of the active region is devoid of piezoelectric material. The resonator device provides a discontinuity along opposing lateral edges of the piezoelectric material of the active region to reduce mechanical clamping of the active region in a direction of maximum lateral displacement in shear mode operation. Increasing the mechanical isolation of the active region of piezoelectric material decreases mechanical damping of lateral vibrations of the active region which enhances the shear mode response for quasi-shear mode sensing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a piezoelectric quartz crystal resonator and a method for fabricating the same. The piezoelectric quartz crystal resonator comprises a circuit board, a quartz crystal resonator, and a thermistor; wherein, the thermistor is configured to detect a temperature of the quartz crystal resonator, the thermistor and the quartz crystal resonator are arranged on the circuit board and interconnected with each other via electric wires arranged on the circuit board; the thermistor and the quartz crystal resonator are sealed independently from each other by thermoplastic material, and the thermoplastic material sealing the thermistor is in contact with the thermoplastic material sealing the quartz crystal resonator.

Abstract: An elastic wave device includes first and second longitudinally coupled resonator elastic wave elements aligned on a piezoelectric substrate. A second reflector of the first longitudinally coupled resonator elastic wave element and a third reflector of the second longitudinally coupled resonator elastic wave element are adjacent to each other in an elastic wave propagation direction. A ground interconnection extends in a direction intersecting with the elastic wave propagation direction and in a region between the second reflector and the third reflector. A gap in one portion of the ground interconnection includes a different acoustic velocity portion where an acoustic velocity is different from an acoustic velocity in another portion of the ground interconnection.

Abstract: A variable filter has a signal loop defined between a signal input and a signal output. A plurality of circuit elements connected in the signal loop, the plurality of circuit elements comprising a frequency tunable resonator, and an adjustable scaling block that applies a gain factor that is adjustable in a range that comprises a positive gain and a negative gain. A controller is connected to 1) tune the frequency tunable resonator; and to 2) adjust the gain factor of the adjustable scaling block between a negative gain factor to a positive gain factor providing for variable Q independent of frequency.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a compact low-power receiver comprises first and second analog circuits connected by a digitally controlled interface circuit. The first analog circuit has a first direct-current (DC) offset and a first common mode voltage at an output, and the second analog circuit has a second DC offset and a second common mode voltage at an input. The digitally controlled interface circuit connects the output to the input, and is configured to match the first and second DC offsets and to match the first and second common mode voltages. In one embodiment, the first analog circuit is a variable gain control transimpedance amplifier (TIA) implemented using a current mode buffer, the second analog circuit is a second-order adjustable low-pass filter, whereby a three-pole adjustable low-pass filter in the compact low-power receiver is effectively produced.

Abstract: The floating immittance emulator is presented in four embodiments in which four new topologies for emulating floating immittance functions are detailed. Each circuit uses three current-feedback operational-amplifiers (CFOAs) and three passive elements. The present topologies can emulate lossless and lossy floating inductances; capacitance, resistance, and inductance multipliers; and frequency-dependent positive and negative resistances.

Abstract: The floating immittance emulator is presented in four embodiments in which four new topologies for emulating floating immittance functions are detailed. Each circuit uses three current-feedback operational-amplifiers (CFOAs) and three passive elements. The present topologies can emulate lossless and lossy floating inductances; capacitance, resistance, and inductance multipliers; and frequency-dependent positive and negative resistances.

Abstract: The floating immittance emulator is presented in four embodiments in which four new topologies for emulating floating immittance functions are detailed. Each circuit uses three current-feedback operational-amplifiers (CFOAs) and three passive elements. The present topologies can emulate lossless and lossy floating inductances; capacitance, resistance, and inductance multipliers; and frequency-dependent positive and negative resistances.

Abstract: An improved design method of a two-stage FRM filter includes the following steps: constructing an improved two-stage FRM filter; calculating passband and stopband edge parameters of a prototype filter, passband and stopband edge parameters of a second-stage masking filter and passband and stopband edge parameters of a first-stage masking filter in Case A and Case B, respectively; calculating the complexity of the FRM filter according to the obtained parameters, and finding out one or more sets [M, P, Q] having the lowest complexity within a search range; and optimizing the improved FRM filter. The improved design method of a two-stage FRM filter has the following beneficial effect: as compared to a conventional design method of a two-stage FRM filter, the complexity of a narrow-band FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter can be reduced through design using the improved method, and power consumption is thus reduced in hardware implementation.

Abstract: The pulse width modulator includes a subtraction unit configured to perform subtraction between an m value digital signal and a pulse width modulation signal; a feedforward filter unit configured such that a ?? modulator to which an output signal of the subtraction unit is input and which includes integrators of a second order or higher is in cascade connection, and configured to operate with a sampling frequency FS; a product-sum computing unit configured to operate with a sampling frequency (FS/n) (n: an integer of two or more) to perform product-sum computing of an output signal of each integrator of the feedforward filter unit; and a pulse width modulation unit configured to operate with the sampling frequency (FS/n) to perform pulse width modulation of an output signal of the product-sum computing unit to output a pulse width modulation signal.

Abstract: A high resolution capture circuit and integrated circuit chip are disclosed and include first and second capture delay lines and an oscillator delay line. The oscillator delay line includes N timing delay elements sequentially coupled in a ring to generate a first clock signal. The first and second capture delay lines each include M capture delay elements sequentially coupled to pass a received signal in a first direction along a first signal path and to pass a clock signal in a second direction opposite to the first direction along a second signal path. The first capture delay line uses the first clock signal and the second capture delay line uses an inverse of the first clock signal. Each capture delay element forms a flip-flop and provides a one-bit output. All delay elements have essentially identical timing and M is equal to either N or to N/2.

Abstract: A multi-bit flip-flop includes at least two storage stages. Each of the storage stages includes redundant latches to suppress state corruptions resulting from soft error upset at the storage stage. In addition, the multi-bit flip-flop includes a split clock path that routes different shared clock signals that control the timing of the latches. The shared split clock path reduces or eliminates the impact of soft errors on the clock signals, thereby further limiting the impact of such errors on data stored at the flip-flop. In particular, the split clock path can be distributed over disparate cells in a layout of multi-bit flip-flop, thereby reducing the likelihood that a transient charge will cause a soft error in all paths of the split clock path.

Abstract: A frequency includes an input terminal, an output terminal, a transistor having a gate terminal which receives input of a signal including a first frequency from the input terminal, a source terminal and a drain terminal connected to the output terminal by a main line, an output matching circuit provided in the main line, the output matching circuit shutting off the first frequency while allowing an output frequency multiplied from the first frequency to pass therethrough, a branch line including a power supply terminal for connection to a power supply, the branch line branching off from a branch point in the main line, and a first diode provided in the branch line, the first diode having an anode connected to the power supply terminal and a cathode connected on the branch point side.

Abstract: An amplifier includes a first voltage generating circuit that generates a first clamp voltage based on a reference voltage and a first voltage, a second voltage generating circuit that generates a second clamp voltage based on the reference voltage and a second voltage that is lower than the first voltage, a third voltage generating circuit that generates a second AC voltage that changes with the same voltage amplitude in a vertical direction of the reference voltage, based on an input first AC voltage, within a voltage range of the first voltage and the first clamp voltage, or within a voltage range of the second clamp voltage and the second voltage, and an amplification circuit that amplifies the voltage amplitude of the second AC voltage and generates a third AC voltage.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus is described. The apparatus comprises a first phase mixer circuit configured to receive a first signal and a second signal and provide a first intermediate signal having a phase between a phase of the first signal and a phase of the clock signal. The apparatus further comprises a second phase mixer circuit configured to receive a complement of the first signal and a complement of the second signal and provide a second intermediate signal having a phase between a phase of the complement of the first signal and a phase of the complement of the second signal, wherein the second intermediate signal is combined with the first intermediate signal at a node to provide, an output signal.

Abstract: A ring oscillator includes a plurality of inverters. A closed loop structure is formed by cascading the inverters. The inverter includes at least one sensitive inverter with a diode-connected transistor. A variation in an MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) threshold voltage of the ring oscillator is detected by analyzing the oscillation frequency of the ring oscillator.

Abstract: A comparator circuit comprising a first node operable to receive a voltage during a precharge phase and a second node operable to receive the voltage during the precharge phase. The comparator circuit also comprises a first selectable current path, comprising a first input transistor and a first programmable resistor, coupled to the first node and for selectively discharging the first node, and a second selectable current path, comprising a second input transistor and a second programmable resistor, coupled to the second node and for selectively discharging the second node, in complementary operation with respect to the first selectable current path. The comparator circuit also comprises circuitry for adjusting resistance of the first programmable resistor and the second programmable resistor in response to an offset between the first input transistor and the second input transistor.

Abstract: A switching circuit includes a wiring into which a parallel circuit of a first IGBT and a second IGBT is inserted, and a gate control circuit. The gate control circuit has a first switching element configured to control a gate potential of the first IGBT according to a potential of a second principal electrode, and a second switching element configured to control a gate potential of the second IGBT according to a potential of a fourth principal electrode. An output terminal of the control device is connected to the first switching element through a first switch and is connected to the second switching element through a second switch. The control device applies a control signal to the output terminal in a state where the first switch and the second switch are turned on when switching both of the first IGBT and the second IGBT.

Abstract: A switching circuit switches a first IGBT and a second IGBT. A control circuit is equipped with a first switching element that is configured to be able to control a gate current of the first IGBT, a second switching element that is configured to be able to control a gate current of the second IGBT, and a third switching element that is connected between an electrode of the first IGBT and an electrode of the second IGBT. The control circuit controls a turn on timing and turn off timing.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus which comprises: a power gate transistor coupled to an ungated power supply node and a gated power supply node, the power gate transistor having a gate terminal; a resistive device; a first transistor coupled in series with the resistive device together forming a pair, the first transistor also coupled to the gate terminal of the power gate transistor; a capacitive device coupled in parallel to the series coupled pair of the first transistor and resistive device; and a second transistor coupled to the gate terminal of the power gate transistor and the ungated power supply node.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for controlling power transistors of a power converter includes a logic circuit configured to generate a pulse-width modulation (PWM) signal and a clock generator configured to generate a clock signal. A first and a second isolator are configured to galvanically isolate transmission of the PWM signal and the clock signal into a high-voltage portion of the power converter so as to produce a galvanically isolated PWM signal and a galvanically isolated clock signal. The first isolator for the PWM signal is configured transmit both DC voltage signals and AC voltage signals. A correction circuit is configured to correct jitter of the galvanically isolated PWM signal based on the galvanically isolated clock signal. The second isolator for the clock signal exhibits a jitter lower than that of the first isolator by a factor of at least two.

Abstract: An RF signal switch circuit that allows connection of any of N radio frequency (RF) input terminals to a switch output port, either in an in-circuit mode or in a bypass mode. Embodiments of the invention allow for both a single switch in the series input path while still having the ability to isolate the bypass path from an input matching network. In both modes, the circuit simultaneously exhibits low input insertion loss (and thus a low noise factor) and high bypass mode isolation.

Abstract: A packaged unidirectional power transistor comprises a package with a number of pins which provide a voltage and/or current connection between the outside and the inside. Inside the package, a bidirectional vertical power transistor is present with a controllable bidirectional current path, through a body of the bidirectional vertical power transistor, between a first current terminal of the bidirectional vertical power transistor connected to the first current pin and a second current terminal of the bidirectional vertical power transistor connected to the second current pin. A control circuit connects the control pin to the body terminal and the control terminal to drive the body and the control terminal, which allows current through the body in a forward direction, from the first current terminal to the second terminal, as a function of the control voltage, and to block current in a reverse direction regardless of the voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an IGBT driving circuit, including an optocoupler chip and a power amplification circuit. The optocoupler chip includes an isolation amplification unit and a fault protection unit, and the fault protection unit includes a desaturation module and a fault feedback module. The desaturation module is configured to transmit a warning signal to the fault feedback module when detecting that a potential of a collector of the IGBT is overhigh or the potential of the collector of the IGBT changes overfast. The fault feedback module is configured to transmit a fault control signal to the external controller after receiving the warning signal so as to control the external driving signal outputted by the external controller and enable the isolation amplification unit to output an IGBT driving signal for controlling a shutdown of the IGBT.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated interconnect cable component for allowing the operation of dielectric shift sensor elements with a variety of control monitors associated with pressure switch based patient alarm systems. The interconnect cable component may be used for connecting a dielectric shift sensing mat (associated with a patient monitoring system) with any of a variety of different pressure switch based control unit module as utilized in conjunction with patient occupancy alarm systems. The interconnect component includes an integrated driver, sensor, comparator, calibration, logic circuit; a relay activation circuit; and a power supply (battery). The cabled component takes the dielectric shift measured across the contacts for a sensor mat and drives a relay activation circuit accordingly. The relay activation circuit in turn provides the on/off switch condition that the existing pressure switch monitor circuit expects to see at the connection cable.

Abstract: A keyboard including a plurality of key assemblies configured to be pressed by an input object. A subset of the plurality of key assemblies each includes a key cap and a first electrode pair underneath the key cap and configured to detect key motion in response to downward force applied by the input object. The key cap also includes a second electrode pair disposed underneath the key cap and configured to detect positional information about the input object interacting with the key cap.

Abstract: A level shifter circuit includes: an input stage for receiving an input signal switchable between a first and a second input level and an output stage to produce a drive signal for the load that is switchable between a first and a second output level. A level translator translates the input signal switching between the input levels into the output stage switching between the output levels. A feedback element coupled to the output stage transfers to the input stage a feedback signal representative of the output level of the output stage. The input stage includes control circuitry sensitive to the input signal and the feedback signal for detecting undesired switching of the output stage between the first and second output levels occurring in the absence of input signal switching between the first and second input levels. The control circuitry inverts the output level of the output stage resulting from undesired switching.

Abstract: A level shifter circuit includes a level shifting unit configured to receive signals that may vary in a first range via a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal, respectively and to output signals that may vary in a second range to a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal, respectively, where the second range is larger than the first range, a first pre-charging unit configured to pre-charge the positive output terminal to a predetermined level when a clock is in a first level, and a second pre-charging unit configured to pre-charge the negative output terminal to the predetermined level when the clock is in the first level.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a semiconductor device that includes a first transistor unit coupled to the data terminal, and a plurality of second transistor units coupled to the calibration terminal. The first transistor unit includes a plurality of first transistors having a first conductivity type connected in parallel to each other so that an impedance of the first transistor unit is adjustable. Each of the second transistor units includes a plurality of second transistors having the first conductivity type connected in parallel to each other so that an impedance of each of the second transistor units is adjustable. The semiconductor device further includes an impedance control circuit that reflects the impedance of each of the second transistor units to the first transistor unit.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to a voltage oscillator (VCO) that uses a replica bias circuit to generate a cascode bias voltage. The VCO generate an output periodic signal having a frequency and phase that is less or not susceptible to voltage swings by using a bias voltage generated in a replica bias circuit that replicates a voltage-to-current converter in the VOC. The bias voltage is generated and regulated according to a power supply voltage that supplies power to the VCO to account for voltage variations in the power supply voltage.

Abstract: Transistors can be used for a variety of electronic-based applications. Therefore, transistor efficiency and performance is of importance. An apparatus is presented herein to increase the locking range of transistors by leveraging cross-coupled injection transistors in conjunction with symmetry injection transistors. The transistor efficiency can also be increase by reducing a parasitic capacitance associated with the components of the transistor.

Abstract: Aspects of a method and system for data converters having a transfer function with multiple operating zones. In some embodiments, an operating zone of the multiple operating zones is characterized by more stringent performance criteria than the other operating zones. Thus, such data converters may receive an input signal and generate an output signal from the input signal per the transfer function and the more stringent performance criteria in the appropriate operating zone.

Abstract: A method for adaptively regulating a coding mode and a digital correction circuit thereof are provided. The method is for a successive-approximation-register analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC). In the method, whether to regulate a binary weight corresponding to each of digital bits is determined according to the number of completed comparison cycles to provide a first coding sequence. The first coding sequence is directly compensated according to uncompleted comparison cycles to provide a correct digital output code.

Abstract: The invention relates to an encoder and a decoder and methods therein for supporting split gain shape vector encoding and decoding. The method performed by an encoder, where the encoding of each vector segment is subjected to a constraint related to a maximum number of bits, BMAX, allowed for encoding a vector segment. The method comprises, determining an initial number, Np—init, of segments for a target vector x; and further determining an average number of bits per segment, BAVG, based on a vector bit budget and Np—init. The method further comprises determining a final number of segments to be used, for the vector x, in the gain shape vector encoding, based on energies of the Np—init segments and a difference between BMAX and BAVG. The performing of the method enables an efficient allocation of the bits of the bit budget over the target vector.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program product for encoding an input string of binary characters representing alphanumeric characters. A system includes: a character writing engine for writing a binary character to an empty cell of a multi-dimensional shape beginning with a starting empty cell; a next cell determination engine for determining a next empty cell by traversing neighboring cells in the multi-dimensional shape until an empty cell is located; a loop facilitator for looping back to the character writing engine and the next cell determining engine until no more data characters or a next empty cell is not determined; and a serialization engine for serializing the cells into a one dimensional binary string of characters representing an encoded string of alphanumeric characters.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for compressing continuous data. The apparatus for compressing continuous data may include a data generator configured to calculate differences between adjacent values in original continuous data and generate data based on the calculated differences.