Abstract: A motion driven cooling system configured to operate with one or more transportation devices. The motion driven cooling system includes a moving object in communication with a transportation device. The moving object transfers power from the movement of the transportation device and operates a water pump system and a fan system. The cooling system includes a water housing configured to retain water. The water pump communicates with the moving object and is configured to move water from the water housing to a second location where the water passes through one or more elements and returns to the water housing. The fan communicates with the moving object and is configured to move air across the water at the second location so as to lower the temperature of the air. An outlet port directs the flow of air as desired.

Abstract: A vehicle accessory power management assembly has a power device, an accessory device, a power transmitting device and a controller. The power transmitting device has an input part coupled to the power device, an output part coupled to the accessory device, and a speed ratio switching part switchable between a first operating state in which the input part and the output part rotate at a first speed ratio relative to one another and a second operating state in which the input part and the output part rotate at a second speed ratio relative to one another. The controller is configured to switch the speed ratio switching part between the first operating state and the second operating state in response determining whether the speed of output of the power device is above a pre-determined value or below a pre-determined value.

Abstract: A vapor compression cooling system includes a centrifugal compressor(s) for compressing a primary fluid in a cycle including at least two compressions, and a control module for controlling the centrifugal compressor dependent upon at least a condition of a secondary fluid. The module controls a power of the centrifugal compressor by adjusting a speed of the motor driving the compressor and/or an opening of guide vanes associated with at least one impeller. The module may also control a pressure drop of a primary fluid moving through at least one expansion device. The at least two compressions may be made in parallel or in series. A related method includes compressing a primary fluid in a first and a second compression cycle and adjusting a parameter of the compressor dependent upon a calculated desired power of the compressor.

Abstract: An air filter for a ventilation device of a motor vehicle is disclosed. The air filter has a planar extension along which the air filter is able to be inserted into a flow area of the ventilation device transversely relative to a flow direction and has a filter medium arranged along its planar extension. The filter medium is bordered at least in certain regions by at least one frame wall. The frame wall has at least one section which is able to be brought into engagement with guide elements of the ventilation device in order to guide the air filter during insertion into the flow area. The section is a notch on an edge of the frame wall and is formed with an undercut relative to the edge such that the air filter is able to be braced transversely relative to the insertion direction during insertion in two directions.

Abstract: A slide-on-rod assembly includes a tube and a carriage configured to move within the tube. The carriage has a first contact surface, the carriage includes a wing rotatably coupled to a body of the carriage, the wing has a second contact surface, the first contact surface of the carriage is configured to contact a corresponding first contact surface of the tube, and the second contact surface of the wing is configured to contact a corresponding second contact surface of the tube. The slide-on-rod assembly also includes a biasing member coupled to the at least one wing and to the body of the carriage. The biasing member is configured to drive the first contact surface of the carriage into contact with the corresponding first contact surface of the tube and the second contact surface of the wing into contact with the corresponding second contact surface of the tube.

Abstract: A vehicle door structure has a door inner panel; a BL inner RF that is made of a fiber reinforced resin and that, together with the door inner panel, forms a closed cross-section structure portion; and an up-stop member that is structured to include joined portions that are joined to the BL inner RF, and a rubber stopper that is disposed further toward a vehicle transverse direction outer side than the closed cross-section structure portion. A communication hole, that communicates an interior and an exterior of the closed cross-section structure portion and through which the up-stop member is inserted, is formed in the BL inner RF. The joined portions are joined by rivets in a state of being superposed on the BL inner RF from a vehicle transverse direction inner side.

Abstract: A motor vehicle door includes an exterior panel, a control to open the door, a device to reinforce the door with an adhesive sandwich plate made up of sheets of composite materials to be bonded to an interior part of the exterior panel, and a rigid section piece bonded to the sandwich plate and made of composite materials.

Abstract: A safety apparatus for a sliding door of a vehicle, including a lower rail including a mid stopper bracket; and an arm affixed at an external extremity to the sliding door and connected at an internal extremity to the lower rail, the arm including a mid stopper lever that is rotatable. In an open position, the mid stopper lever contacts the mid stopper bracket and contacts a tongue of the internal extremity of the arm to prevent the sliding door from exceeding a mid open position.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a structural component for motor vehicle closing part and a motor vehicle closing part including the component. The structural component includes a main body at least partially made of a first plastic and a strengthening portion with mechanical strength higher than that of the main body, characterized in that the strengthening portion is at least partially made of a second reinforced plastic and is integrally molded with the main body, and the mechanical strength of the second reinforced plastic is higher than that of the first plastic. With this structural component, the use of metal reinforcements can be reduced or even completely omitted, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the weight of the closing part and hence saving cost.

Abstract: A composite liftgate including an inner panel construction having strengthening channel structure in combination with a ribbing. Structural steel reinforcements are bonded to the inner panel where additional strength is needed. Where the extra structure is needed, a minimum amount of steel is used and the structural reinforcement is bonded in place using adhesive. A plurality of access doors are provided that are removable for easier maintenance and repair.

Abstract: A tailgate structure is provided that includes: a tailgate that is made of resin and is arranged in an opening of a vehicle body; a wiper that wipes a glass arranged in the tailgate; and a lock device that fixes the tailgate to the vehicle body by being engaged with the opening in a state that the tailgate is closed, wherein the wiper is connected with the lock device by a reinforcing member.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a tailgate structure capable of preventing broken pieces from being scattered inside or outside a vehicle even when a tailgate made of resin receives an impact. The tailgate structure includes a tailgate 10 which is provided capable of opening and closing an opening portion 2 of a vehicle body 1, and a locking device 21 which is provided at the tail gate 10 and is engaged with the opening portion 2 in a state in which the tailgate 10 closes the opening portion 2. The tailgate 10 includes an inner panel 30 made of resin, an outer panel 40 made of resin, and a film surface member 50 made of metal, which is provided between the inner panel 30 and the outer panel 40. The film surface member 50 is fixed to the locking device 21.

Abstract: Even when a heavy load is applied to a tailgate of resin, deformation of the tailgate is inhibited. The tailgate includes a window frame portion of resin forming a window opening portion. The window frame portion includes a bottom wall located on the vehicle interior side, and an outer sidewall and an inner sidewall each of which extending from the corresponding either one end of the bottom wall. The tailgate connects the exterior ends of an outer sidewall and an inner sidewall to form a closed cross-section, and includes a hinge reinforcement member fitted to a hinge mechanism. The hinge reinforcement member includes an outer sidewall reinforcement portion along the outer sidewall. The hinge member is fastened to the outer sidewall reinforcement portion and the outer sidewall together by a connection bolt and a nut.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a windshield, a backlite spaced from the windshield, and a moonroof. The moonroof is moveable relative to the windshield and the backlite between a closed position and an open position. When in the closed position, the moonroof is adjacent to both the windshield and the backlite.

Abstract: An arrangement having a cover for a vehicle roof which, starting from a closed position for closing a roof opening, can be raised in the rear region thereof for opening using deployment means and which can be displaced toward the rear over the vehicle roof into an open position. The deployment means have a sliding member which can be displaced in a guide rail along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle by means of a drive and which has a first coupling element and a second coupling element. The deployment means further have a cover carrier which is mechanically coupled to the cover and which cover carrier has with respect to the longitudinal vehicle direction a front slotted link and a rear slotted link which is arranged behind the front slotted link.

Abstract: A frame and soft top assembly which includes lift assist and improved fabric management. The assembly includes a pair of front arms pivotally attached to rear side rails and are attached to the vehicle roll bar. A plurality of fabric control bows connected with pivot links provide fabric control to the top material during pivoting of the front side rails. A pair of bow pivot links are pivotally connected to the rear side rail. A rear gas strut and a front gas strut are attached longitudinally to either side of the pair of bow pivot links, one providing lift assistance at the start of the pivotal opening of the sunroof while the other of the struts gets loaded as the top is deployed and buffers the closing of the roof which also loads the strut to provide assistance in the closing direction when it is time to close the sunroof.

Abstract: A convertible vehicle having a backbench and a wind deflector arrangement which can be displaced between a storage position and at least one function position and has at least one function element having a roller web, which is wound up on a winding device extending in the transverse direction of the vehicle when in the storage position and is unwound from the winding device when in the function position. The winding device arranged at a wind deflector carrier is arranged at a frontal, forward-facing corner area of a sitting area of the backbench and can be released into the function position by a releasing mechanism for displacing the wind deflector arrangement.

Abstract: A vehicle body rear structure is provided with a battery pack disposed in a floor recess of a rear floor panel. The battery pack includes battery modules, a pair of front suspended frame and rear suspended frame that hold the battery modules at the front and rear ends in such a manner that the battery modules are suspended from a vehicle body, and load path members through which the front suspended frame and the rear suspended frame are coupled to each other. The front suspended frame and the rear suspended frame have flanged collars and through-holes that are fastened to rear frames and fragile portions that are provided in the vicinity of the flanged collars and the through-holes and at which the front suspended frame and the rear suspended frame are bent forward when the vehicle body is subjected to an impact load in a rear-end collision.

Abstract: An engine mount for a drive unit in a vehicle includes a bracket having first and second joining points for attachment of the bracket to the drive unit. A first mounting member connects the bracket to the drive unit in the first joining point along a first joining axis. An engine mount is arranged on a vehicle body and supports the drive unit via the bracket. A second mounting member connects the bracket to the drive unit in the second joining point along a second joining axis. The first and second joining axes extend at a slant to each other by an axis angle.

Abstract: A vehicle driveline and a method for synchronizing a flywheel and the vehicle driveline are provided. The vehicle driveline includes a power source, a primary clutch drivingly engaged with the power source, a primary transmission drivingly engaged with the primary clutch, a secondary transmission drivingly engaged with one of a portion of the primary clutch and an input of the primary transmission, a controller in communication with the secondary transmission, and a flywheel drivingly engaged with the secondary transmission. The vehicle driveline facilitates a transfer of energy to and from the flywheel based on at least one of a state of charge of the flywheel, a power requirement of the vehicle driveline, and a state of operation of the power source.

Abstract: The generator and electrical motor system for multi-axle vehicles uses a generator to power electric motors which propel a multi-axle vehicle. The system includes a hybrid powertrain, a primary battery bank, and a primary generator. The hybrid powertrain uses electric motors to provide the drive power for the vehicle. To that end, the hybrid powertrain has a drive axle, an electric motor, a powertrain battery, and a power management unit. The drive axle is rotated by the electric motor and rotates the wheels of a vehicle. The primary battery bank and the powertrain battery are rechargeable electrical energy storage devices that store the power supplied by the generator. Additionally, the primary battery bank and the powertrain battery supply electrical power to the electric motor. Finally, the power management unit is a power conditioning system that regulates current and voltage being distributed to the electrical components of the system.

Abstract: A drive device for a motor vehicle includes a primary powertrain and a secondary powertrain, wherein the primary powertrain includes a combustion engine for generating a total torque; a torque distribution device coupled to the combustion engine and including a first and a second output, wherein the torque distribution device is designed to provide a first partial torque in mechanical form at its first output derived from the total torque, and to provide a second partial torque in electrical form at its second output derived from the total torque; and a transmission which is coupled to the first output of the torque distribution device; wherein the secondary powertrain includes an electric machine which is coupled to the second output of the torque distribution device; wherein the torque distribution device includes a torque limiting device which is designed to limit the first partial torque to a presettable threshold value.

Abstract: Provided is a work vehicle in which a seat support frame that supports a driver seat is equipped on a vehicle body frame, the vehicle body frame includes: a front portion vehicle frame at which a floor surface of a driving portion is provided; and a rear portion vehicle frame disposed at a position higher than the floor surface of the driving portion and rearward of the front portion vehicle frame. An engine is equipped below the rear portion vehicle frame, a battery that supplies power to an electric motor is equipped above the front portion vehicle frame and below the seat support frame, and a frame portion of the seat support frame that exists above the battery at a position opposing the battery is configured to be detachable from another frame portion that is fixed to the vehicle body frame.

Abstract: Heat exchanger configurations for a vehicle are provided. The heat exchangers can take the form of a condenser and a radiator. Instead of arranging the heat exchangers sequentially within a unitary air duct, this disclosure describes a multiple channel ducting system, where the heat exchangers are arranged in a v shape that allows a first portion of air entering the air to travel up towards a trunk of the vehicle and a second portion of the air to travel downward and out through a bottom exterior surface of the vehicle.

Abstract: A fuel tank assembly includes a fuel tank including a fuel inlet. A fuel cap is threadably engageable with the fuel inlet. The fuel cap has a grip provided for manipulation by a user. A vent path extends between a vent channel and the interior of the fuel tank. In a first configuration, the fuel cap is fully threaded to the fuel inlet to a fully closed position. The assembly is operable to transition to a second configuration in which the vent path is unobstructed and the fuel cap is fully threaded to the fuel inlet to the fully closed position. To enable unthreading of the fuel cap from the fuel inlet, the fuel tank assembly is operable to transition from the first configuration to the second configuration in response to a movement that does not alter the threaded engagement with the fuel inlet.

Abstract: A vehicle storage system, including: a tank configured to contain vapor or liquid and vapor, and a gas convertor to chemically convert at least one part of the vapor contained in the tank into liquid reaction products. The gas convertor contains, in use, a biological catalyst for the conversion of the vapor.

Abstract: A valve apparatus for use in a liquid tank, the valve apparatus including a casing defining a main chamber, the main chamber having at least one inlet orifice and at least one outlet orifice; a float including a closure element, the float being movable inside the main chamber between a first position and a second position in which the at least one outlet orifice is closed off by the closure element; a weight control system configured for controlling the weight of the float by transferring a load in and out from the float, such that the weight of the float in the second position is lower than the weight of the float in the first position.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a fuel tank, a canister, a closing valve and a filler door. A control device for the vehicle includes a valve controller that performs depressurization control for decreasing a tank pressure by opening the closing valve, a door controller that issues a normal driving command to a drive unit that opens the filler door when the tank pressure becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined pressure by the depressurization control, a detector that detects an open/close state of the filler door and a determiner that determines whether or not detection by the detector can be performed. If the detection by the detector cannot be performed, the door controller issues, when the tank pressure is equal to or lower than the predetermined pressure, a forced driving command for causing the drive unit to generate output power higher than normal power preferentially to the normal driving command.

Abstract: A working vehicle includes: an engine mounted on a traveling machine body; a hydraulic continuously variable transmission configured to shift driving force from the engine; a transmission case incorporating the hydraulic continuously variable transmission; and rear traveling units disposed on both left and right sides of the transmission case via rear axle cases. The transmission case is divided into three sections of a front case, an intermediate case, and a rear case. The left and right rear axle cases are attached to both left and right sides of the rear case. The intermediate case, coupling the front case to the rear case, is coupled to left and right vehicle body frames forming the traveling machine body.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a drive assembly for a motor vehicle drive shaft comprising au engine, a gearbox, a shaft (50) divided into two half-shafts coupled to a differential, characterised in that a hydraulic machine (10) is linked to the gear-box or to the differential in order to he driven by said link, the hydraulic machine (10) forming a hearing (100) for one of the half-shafts (54).

Abstract: A carrier bearing assembly for bolting to a frame of a utility terrain vehicle (UTV) can include a bracket comprising a first end, a second end, a width W extending between the first end and the second end, and first and second faces extending between the first end and the second end along the width W of the bracket. An opening can be formed completely through the bracket and extend from the first face to the second face, a centerline of the opening being at least 2.5 cm closer to the first end than the second end, and an angle between the opening and the bracket being in a range of 85-89° or 91-95°. A bearing can be fit in the opening and a rubber bushing can be disposed between the bracket and the bearing. First and second bolt openings can extend into the bracket.

Abstract: A dig system which allows for a vehicle to perform a dig maneuver, without sacrificing drivability. An actuator places the dig system in one of four different modes of operation, where the front wheels are placed in either a first configuration or a second configuration, where the front wheels are positioned at a desired steering angle, and one of the front or rear wheels is braked and prevented from rotating. The transfer case transfers power to one or more of the non-braked wheels, and disconnects from the remaining wheels. One or more of the non-braked wheels are rotated such that the vehicle pivots about an axis which extends through one of the wheels. One of the rear wheels is braked when performing a front dig maneuver, and one of the front wheels is be braked when performing a reverse dig maneuver.

Abstract: A vehicle drive train comprising a transmission 11 having a differential 3 mounted in a transmission case 7, the differential 3 having a differential carrier 3a and a power transfer ring gear 2, the power transfer ring gear 2 being mounted on or integrally formed with the differential carrier 3a, the vehicle drive train further comprising a power transfer unit 8 having a pinion gear 4 which is rotatably mounted in the transmission case 7 and meshes directly with the power transfer ring gear 2. The present invention provides a more compact vehicle drive train assembly including a configuration that minimises the space occupied by the existing components and in particular provides a power transfer unit 8 which allows for a more compact arrangement.

Abstract: A vehicle traveling support control apparatus includes a traveling environment determining portion that determines a traveling environment of a vehicle, a support device determining portion that determines a serviceable traveling support device from one or more traveling support devices mounted in the vehicle in accordance with the traveling environment determined by the traveling environment determining portion, a presentation portion that presents support guidance of the serviceable traveling support device, and a control portion that controls the presentation portion to present the support guidance of the serviceable traveling support device based on use frequency of the serviceable traveling support device determined by the support device determining portion.

Abstract: A display device for a vehicle includes: a ring portion and a moving mechanism to display various vehicle information associated with a travel of the vehicle for a viewer within a display area. The ring portion forms an outer periphery of an indicator indicating at least one vehicle information of the various vehicle information, and is visually recognized as a virtual image within the display area. The moving mechanism is able to move a position of the ring portion.

Abstract: A windshield for a motor vehicle with a display unit is disclosed. The windshield is realized in the form of a laminated glass pane with at least an outer pane, an inner pane and an intermediate compound foil. The display unit is arranged between the outer pane and the inner pane, wherein the display unit features a flexible printed circuit and at least one display element arranged on the flexible printed circuit, as well as a secondary coil. The secondary coil is designed for making available electrical energy, which is inductively coupled into the secondary coil, in order to supply the display unit with energy. The present disclosure furthermore relates to a system, as well as a motor vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicular fuel cell system includes a collision detector configured to detect collision on the front and rear sides of a vehicle, a high voltage unit arranged on one side of the front and rear sides of the vehicle, a high voltage controller arranged on the one side and configured to control the high voltage unit, a hydrogen supply unit arranged on the other side of the front and rear sides of the vehicle and configured to supply hydrogen to a fuel cell stack, and a supply valve controller arranged on the other side and configured to control a hydrogen supply valve, the hydrogen supply valve being configured to shut off a supply path of hydrogen from the hydrogen supply unit to the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: In an apparatus and method of automatically providing or withholding fluid from a power rail for a mass transit vehicle, during movement of a mass transit vehicle on a pathway in an uncovered (or exposed) area of the pathway, fluid, for example, anti-icing fluid, is caused to be provided to (or dispensed on) the power rail supplying power to the mass transit vehicle. During movement of the mass transit vehicle in a covered area of the pathway, the fluid is withheld from (or not dispensed on) the power rail. The changing from fluid being dispensed on the power rail to the fluid being withheld from the power rail, or vice versa, can be based on movement of the mass transit vehicle from the uncovered area of the pathway to the covered area of the pathway, or vice versa.

Abstract: A method of compensating for rotor position error of a rotor of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMG) that provides electrical power to a direct current (DC) power generating system, the method including obtaining PMG phase voltages and resolver processed angular position output when the PMG is driven by a prime mover. Once obtained, a PMG fundamental phase voltage waveform is selected by eliminating higher order harmonics. A mechanical angle of the rotor is then converted into an electrical angle, then the electrical angle is aligned within the mechanical angle with a corresponding PMG fundamental phase voltage angle by adjusting offset to the electrical angle. After alignment, a plurality of resolver error offset values associated with the electrical angle are stored and additional values to the compensation table are added by interpolating data between two corresponding resolver error offset values of the plurality of resolver error offset values.

Abstract: A home and vehicle energy system having an electricity generator that generates electricity from a combustible fuel, a detachable electricity supply conduit for the transfer of electrical energy between the home and the vehicle in at least one direction, a detachable heat supply conduit for the transfer of heat between the electricity generator and the home, a vehicle electricity store that allows the vehicle to sustain motion via its electric drive motors when detached from the home; and a controller that regulates the generation of electricity by the electricity generator and the flows of heat and electricity.

Abstract: A trolley interfacing device for interfacing a traction load to a voltage source is presented. The trolley interfacing device includes a first charging unit coupled in parallel to the voltage source. Further, the trolley interfacing device includes a second charging unit coupled in parallel to the traction load, where the second charging unit includes at least one inductor. Also, the trolley interfacing device includes a pre-charging unit coupled in parallel to the second charging unit and configured to pre-charge the first charging unit with a voltage across the at least one inductor prior to electrically coupling the first charging unit to the voltage source. In addition, the trolley interfacing device includes a voltage converting unit disposed between the first charging unit and the second charging unit and configured to step down a voltage provided by the voltage source to the traction load.

Abstract: An impedance control device includes a diode bridge rectifier circuit and a controller. The controller is configured to control, based on the impedance of a battery that is coupled to output terminals of the diode bridge rectifier circuit, the capacitances of first and second capacitance variable units of the diode bridge rectifier circuit.

Abstract: A conductor winding tool configured to stow a flexible electrical conductor, such as a conductor attached to an automotive battery charger. The tool includes a handle that is configured to be grasped by a human hand and a body defining an aperture through which the flexible electrical conductor passes. The tool is used to stow the flexible electrical conductor by winding the flexible electrical conductor into a storage device, such as a spool, reel, or storage bag.

Abstract: Systems and methods for energy generation, management and distribution via a utility tower are provided. The utility tower can include a vertical structure, at least one energy storage, at least one communication network to communicate power requirements, power quality, power available or any combination thereof, at least one power source coupled to the at least one energy storage, at least one controller to calculate at least one power distribution criterion and to control the energy transfer from the at least one energy storage to one or more loads based on the at least one power distribution criterion.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed toward systems and methods for removing and replacing a battery from within an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In particular, systems and methods described herein enable a battery arm within a UAV ground station (UAVGS) to engage the UAV and a battery assembly within the UAV to unlock the battery assembly and remove the battery assembly from within the UAV. For example, the battery arm can include a latch engagement assembly that engages one or more latches on the UAV to unlock the battery assembly. Additionally, the battery arm can include a battery gripping assembly that grips an outer end of the battery assembly while retracting and removing the battery assembly from within the UAV.

Abstract: A mobile energy store which includes a storage device which delivers energy stored therein to a load. The mobile energy store includes a receiving device which receives a request signal of the load. The request signal includes at least information about a location distant from a charging station for the mobile energy store. The mobile energy store also includes a drive device which moves the mobile energy store autonomously in the public road traffic from the charging station to the location distant from the charging station based on the request signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (15) for operating an inductive charging system (1) for a motor vehicle (2), said device comprising: a fixed primary unit (4) of a charging station (3); a secondary unit (6) that is associated/can be associated with the motor vehicle (2); and means for positioning the motor vehicle (2) having the secondary unit (6) relative to the primary unit (4). According to the invention, the means have at least one ultra wide-band sensor (16, 17, 21).

Abstract: In a method for cooling a component of a motor vehicle, which component is coupled thermally to a cooling volume filled with a liquid coolant, at least one cooling parameter is measured by a control device and, in dependence on the cooling parameter, the component is either cooled in a first cooling mode, in which the cooling volume is connected via a first and second coupling device to a cooling circuit which includes at least one circulating device by means of which the coolant is circulated, or is cooled in a second cooling mode, in which the cooling volume is separated from the cooling circuit by the first and second coupling device, wherein the component is cooled by evaporation of coolant in the cooling volume.

Abstract: An electric bicycle and a battery lift mechanism and a battery carrying device thereof are disclosed. The battery lift mechanism includes a bracket, a carrier for carrying a battery, an upward-force device coupling with the carrier, and a locking device selectively in an unlocked state or a locked state. The carrier is movable relative to the bracket along an up-down path; the upward-force device is capable of applying an upward force to the carrier. When the locking device is in the locked state, the locking device interferes with the battery to limit the relative movement between the battery and the bracket. When the locking device is in the unlocked state, the interference between the locking device and the battery is removed, so that the upward-force device drives the carrier carrying the battery to move upward relative to the bracket.

Abstract: A wheel assembly includes an optical detector and encoder, attached to a stator and located within a hub of the wheel assembly. The optical detector and encoder detects motion of the hub and encodes information about the detected motion of the hub. Based on the encoded information, the optical detector and encoder produces a feedback signal for control circuitry that controls rotation of the wheel.