Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electronic device in which a second substrate (functional element) containing silicon and a third substrate (lid body) containing silicon are bonded to a first substrate containing alkali metal ions by anode bonding includes a first process of performing the anode bonding to bond the second substrate to a surface of the first substrate; a second process of removing at least a portion of the surface of the first substrate to which the third substrate is to be bonded by the anode bonding and exposing a bonding surface after the first process; and a third process of performing the anode bonding to bond the third substrate to the bonding surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: A new packaging method for a wide range of MEMS for application on both the wafer and device scale. Titanium is used as the packaging material and both silicon and titanium MEMS devices are integrated on to a titanium substrate. A Nd:YAG pulsed laser is used to micro-weld the titanium cap to the substrate. A three-dimensional time dependent model of heat flow during laser beam welding is presented. The heat transfer and parametric design capabilities of COMSOL were employed for this purpose. Model calculations are compared and calibrated with experimental results of pulsed laser welds. The functionality and hermiticity of the proposed packaging was evaluated by packaging a self actuated Veeco Instrument AFM cantilever tip. The experimental measurements show that the resonance frequency and quality factor of the device stay the same before and after packaging and the applied technique has no effect on the device.

Abstract: Methods for producing nanostructures, particularly Group III-V semiconductor nanostructures, are provided. The methods include use of novel Group III and/or Group V precursors, novel surfactants, oxide acceptors, high temperature, and/or stable co-products. Related compositions are also described. Methods and compositions for producing Group III inorganic compounds that can be used as precursors for nanostructure synthesis are provided. Methods for increasing the yield of nanostructures from a synthesis reaction by removal of a vaporous by-product are also described.

Abstract: A method for using a carbon nanotube film supporting structure includes: providing a carbon nanotube film structure and a carbon nanotube film supporting structure, the carbon nanotube film supporting structure comprises a substrate and a plurality of protruding structures, the substrate having a surface defining a support region, the plurality of protruding structures distributed on support region, a ratio of a sum of a plurality of surface areas, defined by the top of the plurality of protruding structures, to an area of the support region, is less than or equal to 20%; and placing the carbon nanotube film structure on the support region of the carbon nanotube film supporting structure.

Abstract: A process of producing a yarn, ribbon or sheet comprising nanofibers that includes infiltrating a liquid into the yarn, ribbon or sheet and evaporating the liquid from the yarn, ribbon, or sheet to strengthen the yarn, ribbon or sheet. The yarn, ribbon, or sheet can be formed by solid-state draw from a carbon nanotube forest.

Abstract: In one aspect, methods of making semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes are described herein. In some implementations, a method of making semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes comprises providing a plurality of semiconducting nanotube seeds including (n,m) nanotube seeds and non-(n,m) nanotube seeds. The method further comprises illuminating the plurality of nanotube seeds with a first laser beam having a first wavelength and a second laser beam having a second wavelength, the second wavelength differing from the first wavelength. The first wavelength corresponds to an absorption maximum for a (n,m) carbon nanotube and the second wavelength corresponds to a photoluminescence emission frequency for the (n,m) carbon nanotube.

Abstract: An improved graft polymerization method from general graphitic structures with organic based monomers through the mechanism of Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization was developed. Organic hybrid nanomaterials comprising graphitic structures are covalently bonded via chemically reactive groups on the outer walls of the structure. Methods for forming the covalently bonded structures to many organic based monomers and/or polymers may occur through RAFT polymerization utilizing dithioester as a chain transfer agent. The method may also comprise nanocomposite formation of such organic hybrid nanomaterials with common plastic(s) to form graphitic nanocomposite reinforced plastic articles.

Abstract: The green synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa seed extract comprises the steps of mixing a quantity of soot or other carbon source in an acid solution while stirring to obtain a solution; adding a first oxidant gradually into the solution to oxidize the soot and obtain a suspension; stirring the suspension while maintaining the temperature of the suspension at about 35° C.; adding Nigella sativa seed extract to the suspension while raising the temperature of the suspension to about 60° C.; adding hydrogen peroxide to the suspension; and isolating the reduced graphene oxide nanoparticles by centrifugation.

Abstract: A method of forming a graphite-based structure on a substrate comprises patterning the substrate thereby forming a plurality of elements on the substrate. Each respective element in the plurality of elements is separated from an adjacent element on the substrate by a corresponding trench in a plurality of trenches on the substrate and each respective element in the plurality of elements has a corresponding top surface. The method further comprises segmentedly depositing a graphene initiating layer onto the top surface of each respective element in the plurality of elements; and generating graphene using the graphene initiating layer thereby forming the graphite-based structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a beta zeolite that is useful as a catalyst, adsorbent agent, or the like, and that is both microporous and mesoporous. The beta zeolite is characterized by (i) the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio being 8-30, and the SiO2/ZnO ratio being 8-1000, (ii) the micropore surface area being 300-800 m2/g, (iii) the micropore volume being 0.1-0.3 cm3/g, and (iv) having mesopores having, in the state as synthesized, a diameter of 2-6 nm and a volume of 0.001-0.3 cm3/g. The beta zeolite is favorably produced by means of adding and reacting a zinc silicate beta zeolite as a seed crystal with a reaction mixture containing a silica source, an alumina source, an alkali source, and water.

Abstract: This invention refers to a microporous crystalline material of zeolitic nature that has, in its calcined state and in the absence of defects in its crystalline matrix manifested by the presence of silanols, the empirical formula x(M1/nXO2):yYO2:gGeO2:(1?g)SiO2 in which M is selected between H+, at least one inorganic cation of charge +n, and a mixture of both, X is at least one chemical element of oxidation state +3, Y is at least one chemical element with oxidation state +4 different from Si, x takes a value between 0 and 0.2, both included, y takes a value between 0 and 0.1, both included, g takes a value between 0 and 0.5, both included that has been denoted ITQ-55, as well as a method for its preparation. This invention also relates to uses of the crystalline material of zeolitic nature for adsorption of fluid components, membrane separation of fluid components, storage of fluid components, and catalysis of various conversion reactions.

Abstract: Bromine containing compounds, such as calcium bromide, sodium bromide and the like, are prepared in high purity and more quickly with less waste by using a process with two bromination stages and often a third step wherein the crude product mixture can be adjusted to meet specific product requirements. In the first bromination stage, the majority, but not all, of a substrate is brominated using a reductive bromination reaction, the remaining unreacted substrate is converted to product in the second stage through another a reductive bromination reaction, although the specific reagents may be different, wherein the addition of bromine and a reducing agent are carefully monitored.

Abstract: A treatment device for stormwater is provided that comprises a container which in use contains a growing medium and a hydrodynamic separator located within the container. The hydrodynamic separator comprises a separation chamber, an inlet duct extending from the outside of the container to the separation chamber, a solids outlet; and a liquid outlet that opens into the container. In use, liquid flow containing solids enters the separation chamber through the inlet duct and is caused to swirl within the separation chamber, thereby causing solids to exit the separation chamber through the solids outlet and liquid to exit the separation chamber through the liquid outlet and to flow into the growing medium.

Abstract: A water filter with alarm function for indicating blockage of a filter cartridge thereof and an alarm method are provided. The filter main body is provided with a filter cartridge and is arranged with a before-filtering water cavity. A filter upper cover covers the top of the filter main body. The before-filtering water cavity is accommodated with a floating-ball-type indicating apparatus, which comprises a floating ball, a connecting rod and a color scale. The connecting rod is mounted rotatably on an inner surface of the filter upper cover with the aid of a hinge support. The floating ball is arranged at the front end of the connecting rod. The color scale is also arranged on the connecting rod. A transparent visual cover that matches with the color scale is arranged on the upper surface of the filter upper cover.

Abstract: A water filter assembly having one or more electrical connections with a removable filter cartridge is provided. The electrical connections can be used to provide power to, and/or communication with, one or more electrical components incorporated into the filter cartridge. Wire form contacts are used to provide the electrical connections. The wire form contacts can be incorporated into a variety of different water filter assembly configurations having a removable filter cartridge.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for water filtration of a milk of lime solution that contains water, impurities, and grit particles, in which the milk of lime solution enters a vessel, and wherein turbulence is created in the vessel, by which larger grit particles settle out of the milk of lime solution, to form a bed of grit particles in the lower end of the vessel, such that grit particles and impurities are filtered from the lime-treated water that comprises a milk of lime solution, with water then being drawn off, that may be discharged out one or more dosing locations and/or recycled back for further filtration, as may be desired.

Abstract: A process for desalinating water is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of passing a feed stream of saline solution 2? in a first desalination step through a reverse osmosis membrane desalination plant 3? comprising at least one reverse osmosis desalination unit 4? to form a first product water stream 5? having a reduced salt concentration relative to that of the feed stream of saline solution 2? and a first byproduct stream 6? having an increased salt concentration relative to that of the feed stream of saline solution 2? characterized in that the first byproduct stream 6? is passed in a second desalination step through a suspension crystallization unit 7 to form a second product water stream 8 having a reduced salt concentration relative to that of the first byproduct stream 6? and a second byproduct stream 9 having an increased salt concentration relative to that of the first byproduct stream 6?. The invention further relates to an apparatus 1 for carrying out said process.

Abstract: This disclosure of a liquid treatment device includes a first metal electrode having a part disposed in a reaction tank into which a water being treated is filled, a second metal electrode disposed in the reaction tank, an insulator having an opening portion disposed to surround the first metal electrode so that a closed space is formed. A bubble is generated from the closed space to the water being treated via the opening portion. The liquid treatment device also includes a gas supply device that supplies the space with a gas for generating the bubble, and a power supply that applies a voltage between the first metal electrode and the second metal electrode.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating contaminated water includes an electrolytic cell and a flow directing device. The electrolytic cell includes an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, an anode, a cathode, and a membrane. The anode is in the anode chamber and the cathode is in the cathode chamber. The membrane is positioned in the electrolytic cell to maintain a pH difference between the anode chamber and cathode chamber when a voltage is applied between the anode and cathode. The contaminated water for treatment is provided with hydrogen ions at the anode and with hydroxyl ions at the cathode when the voltage is applied. The flow directing device is connected to direct the water from the anode chamber to the cathode chamber.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for treating ship or barge ballast water. The system includes a ballast tank storing ballast water and one or more nozzles located in the ballast tank. One or more pumps supply a chemical into the ballast tank and water to the nozzles. The nozzles are strategically located in the ballast tank to circulate the ballast water and mix the chemical with the ballast water without removing the ballast water from the ballast tank to a separate mixing and treatment area located outside the tank either onboard or off of the ship or barge. A controller receives a signal from a flow sensor in the ballast tank to control the one or more pumps to enable operating the nozzles alternately and intermittently to circulate the ballast water and the mix the chemical with the ballast water to minimize energy consumption.

Abstract: A device for inoculating fluid conducted through pipes includes a reservoir configured to hold an inoculant. The reservoir includes an outlet through which the inoculant is feedable to at least one of the pipes and an inlet configured to route compressed air into an interior of the reservoir. A capillary can be used to conduct the inoculant during inoculation. A flushing device can be provided to flush the pipes. A shared device for generating and/or storing compressed air can supply compressed air for inoculating the fluid and/or flushing the pipes.

Abstract: A water aeration diffuser has a base with an internal cavity defining an air pocket, and a ceramic plate removably attached to the base. The base is in flow communication with air supply such that air is received in the cavity and then diffused by the ceramic plate to create an aeration column in a body of water. To allow for repair and servicing, the ceramic plate is removably attached to the base by one or more fasteners. The base includes a perimeter lip around its top portion that supports the ceramic plate and maximizes the exposed surface area of the plate. A water and air-tight gasket is provided between the lip and the ceramic plate. An eye-bolt may be provided through the ceramic plate and attached to the base to provide an attachment point for a ballast or other means used to position the diffuser.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a wastewater treatment system may reduce contaminants in water. A system may include one or more bioreactors which include a substrate that supports a biofilm. The bacteria used to form the biofilm may be selected to maximize the reduction of contaminants in water. Various components of the wastewater treatment system may be optimized to improve the efficiency and energy consumption of the wastewater system.

Abstract: A method of biologically treating wastewater and, at the same time, incorporating processes that aim to increase the PHA accumulation potential of biomass used in the treatment of the wastewater. The method includes biologically treating the wastewater and enhancing PHA accumulation potential of the biomass by subjecting the biomass to a primary feast-famine process where the biomass is subjected to repeated cycles of feast and primary famine conditions. From time-to-time, the method entails deviating from the primary feast-famine process to a secondary famine process. The secondary famine process comprises subjecting the biomass to secondary famine conditions for a period of time that is substantially greater than the average time period of the primary famine conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides an aeration lateral system designated to be site specific for new septic disposal areas or retro fitting to existing septic disposal areas to break up the biological clogging slug mat at the interface of the wastewater and imported sand or native soil fill under or adjacent to disposal areas of a typical septic system. The lateral system provides uniform or other site specific distribution of fluids about the bio-mat of a wastewater disposal area, with lateral spacing and hole spacing varying based on the type of disposal area being utilized. The lateral system can also be utilized to provide continuous low volume air supply system to a wastewater disposal area or peat filter module. The air lateral installation includes methods to minimize airflow disturbance of the soil and methods to prevent air leakage.

Abstract: A process of growing a culture of cyanobacteria or algae using chitin or chitosan as a source of nitrogen for photosynthetic growth is described. This process can be used to remove pollutants from nitrogen-deficient natural waters or wastewaters including buchu mercaptan production wastewater. Biomass that results from photosynthetic growth on chitin can be used, either as whole cells or the isolated components of the cells, for a large variety of commercial purposes.

Abstract: A method for sequestrating carbon dioxide in the ocean of the present invention coverts carbon dioxide into a high concentration of bicarbonate ions by using a neutralization method using calcium oxide commonly contained in alkaline industrial waste, prepares elution water for stably containing bicarbonate ions even when making contact with the atmosphere through aeration, and discharges the elution water into an area of the ocean of a relatively shallow depth to sequestrate carbon dioxide. According to the present invention, the present invention is a carbon dioxide storage method which uses alkaline industrial waste to carry out carbon dioxide ocean sequestration at relatively low cost, and can sequestrate carbon dioxide for a long time while minimizing bad environmental influences such as ocean acidification and the like, and is thus environmentally friendly.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to a process of removing phosphorus in various forms of suspended solids or dissolved ions, fluoride, and arsenic impurities from water streams in a multi-stage procedure via the use of additives, pH control, and physical separation, resulting in a water stream with <50 ppb phosphorus, <3 ppm fluoride, and <1 ppm arsenic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water purification systems and uses thereof. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of water filtration systems to combat Legionella bacterial contamination of industrial and commercial water systems, such as grocery store misting systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making a mineral melt comprising providing a circulating combustion chamber (1) which comprises an upper zone (2), a lower zone (3) and a base zone (4), injecting particulate fuel, particulate mineral material and primary combustion gas which has optionally an oxygen level of at least 25% by volume into the upper zone of the circulating combustion chamber so that the fuel undergoes pyrolysis in the upper zone to produce char, thereby melting the particulate mineral materials to form a mineral melt and generating exhaust gases, injecting secondary combustion gas which has optionally an Oxygen level of at least 25% by volume into the lower zone of the circulating combustion chamber so that the char combusts, thereby completing combustion of the fuel, and separating the mineral melt from the hot exhaust gases so that the hot exhaust gases pass though an outlet in the circulating combustion chamber and the mineral melt collects in the base zone.

Abstract: In a method of making shaped glass articles, a glass sheet is placed on a mold having a shaping surface with a desired surface profile of a shaped glass article. The glass sheet is preferentially and rapidly heated by radiation while in the vicinity of the mold so that the mold remains substantially cooler than the glass sheet during the heating. The glass sheet is sagged onto the shaping surface of the mold so that at least a portion of the sagged sheet assumes the desired surface profile of the shaped glass article. After sagging and shaping, the sagged and shaped glass sheet is removed from the mold.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming holes in a glass substrate, includes a laser source that irradiates a laser beam on a first surface of the glass substrate, and a base plate on which a second surface of the glass substrate, opposite to the first surface, is placed. The base plate includes a recessed area in a central part thereof, and supports arranged within the recessed area to support the glass substrate. At least a part of the supports is arranged in a lattice shape within a plane approximately perpendicular to a direction in which the supports extend. One support and another adjacent support closest to the one support, amongst the supports arranged in the lattice shape, are arranged at an interval that is shorter than 30 mm, and the supports have a height that is higher than 70 ?m.

Abstract: A method of elongating a glass base material to obtain a glass rod having a smaller diameter, using a glass base material elongating apparatus including a feeder at least for the glass base material, a heating furnace, and an elongating mechanism of the glass base material below the heating furnace, is such that a horizontal plane position measuring unit of the glass base material is provided inside or near the heating furnace, the feeder has a glass base material horizontal plane position adjusting unit, and the elongating mechanism has three or more sets of elongating rollers capable of switching between grasping and releasing for keeping the position of the glass rod in the horizontal plane to be constant, and the glass base material is elongated with the position thereof in the horizontal plane kept as targeted by controlling the glass base material horizontal plane position adjusting unit.

Abstract: Provided is a glass composition containing, in mass %: 58 to 64% SiO2; 8 to 12% Al2O3; 6 to 10% MgO; 0 to 1% CaO; 18 to 24% Na2O; 0 to 3% K2O; 0 to 2% TiO2; and 0 to 3% ZrO2. The total content of MgO, CaO, SrO, and BaO is in a range of 7 to 12%. This glass composition is suitable for production by a float process and for chemical strengthening.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of forehearth frits, pearls, and/or concentrates for use in glass compositions. In particular, the present invention provides a system of forehearth frits, pearls, and/or concentrates that is capable of imparting a brown color to a glass composition for forming colored glass in the forehearth of a glass furnace, and a method of using the colored system of forehearth frits, pearls, and/or concentrates. The invention further provides a glass composition for use in forming the color system or for use directly in a forehearth.

Abstract: Lithium disilicate-apatite glass ceramics comprising transition metal oxide are described which are characterized by a high chemical stability, and the translucence of which can be adjusted as desired, and which can therefore be used in particular as restoration material in dentistry.

Abstract: A process for preparing glass-ceramic body including the steps of providing a basic glass body and subjecting the basic glass body to a thermal treatment whereby a crystalline phase embedded in a glass matrix is formed. The basic glass body is made of a composition comprising 65 to 72 wt-% SiO2, at least 10.1 wt-% Li2O and at least 10.1 wt-% Al2O3 based on the total weight of the composition, the proportion of Li2O to Al2O3 being from 1:1 to 1.5:1. The thermal treatment involves a nucleation step followed by several crystallization steps at different temperatures, whereby at least two different crystalline phases are formed.

Abstract: An etchant is supplied to a workpiece. Furthermore, the workpiece is irradiated with spatially modulated light to adjust a temperature profile of the workpiece while etchant is supplied.

Abstract: Transparent conductive oxide thin films having a plurality of layers with voids located at each interface. Smooth TCO surfaces with no post growth processing and a largely tunable haze value. Methods of making include applying multiple layers of a conductive oxide onto a surface of a substrate, and interrupting the application between the multiple layers to form a plurality of voids at the interfaces.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a light extraction substrate for an organic light-emitting device which can increase the extraction efficiency of light emitted from the organic light-emitting device, thereby improving the overall luminous efficiency of the organic light-emitting device. Water glass is applied on a surface of a glass substrate. The water glass applied on the glass substrate is heat-treated such the surface of the glass substrate is roughened. The heat-treated water glass is removed from the glass substrate. A planarization layer of a glass frit is formed on the glass substrate from which the water glass has been removed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a multi-layered low-emissivity coating sequentially comprising: a Ti-based oxide layer, a composite metallic oxide layer of zinc and aluminum, a low-emissivity protective metal layer, and a low-emissivity layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a glass composition containing, in mass %: 59.0 to 63.0% SiO2; 4.0 to 10.0% TiO2; 8.0 to 12.0% Al2O3; 1.0 to 5.0% MgO; 0 to 4.0% CaO; 4.0 to 14.0% SrO; 4.0 to 11.0% Na2O; and 0 to 1.0% K2O. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a glass composition having excellent heat resistance, being suitable for production by the float process, and being suitable for chemical strengthening.

Abstract: A process for correcting defects in a primary coating on a glass optical fiber involves providing an optical fiber configured for propagation of an optical signal, coating the optical fiber with a composition comprising a thermoplastic polyurethane and at least one acrylate monomer, curing the composition to form a relatively soft primary coating covering an outer surface of the optical fiber, the primary coating being a thermoplastic product of the polyurethane and the at least one acrylate monomer, coating the optical fiber with at least one relatively harder secondary coating layer disposed over the primary coating, heating the coated fiber to a temperature above the melting temperature of the thermoplastic product to cause the primary coating to flow and correct defects, and cooling the coated fiber to a temperature below the melting temperature of the thermoplastic product to provide a substantially defect free primary coating.

Abstract: A low pressure air or vacuum glass and manufacturing method thereof, the low pressure air or vacuum glass comprising upper glass and lower glass; the upper glass and the lower glass are flat glass or convex glass; the peripheries of the upper glass and the lower glass are provided with an edge sealing bar frame and/or an edge sealing groove, and are welded together via a low temperature glass solder, thus forming a closed low pressure air layer or vacuum layer therebetween. The low pressure or vacuum glass is of simple manufacturing process, low cost, high production efficiency, reliable sealing connection, and good sealing effect.

Abstract: The formulation for making plasterboard with paper cover sheets comprises finely divided gypsum, a minor amount by weight of starch and, as crosslinking agent for the starch, a tri-functional reactive s-triazine having substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 of the triazine ring which are reactive with the starch. A preferred crosslinking agent is 2,4,6-trichloro-s-triazine, which is preferably partially reacted with the starch before further reaction with the paper cover sheets for the plaster board.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of caramelized sugar as a liquefier for mineral binding agent compositions.

Abstract: A method is for sealing hydrocarbon wells, wherein a composition is used. The composition comprises a prepolymer; a free radical initiator; a hydraulic material; a monomer and water. The composition further comprises an inhibitor.

Abstract: A concrete mix design having a slump class from S1 to S5 or a flow class from F1 to F6 and a workability retention between 10 minutes and 120 minutes, comprising from 150 to 600 kg of cement per cubic meter of concrete, aggregates selected from the group consisting of sand, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates or combinations thereof containing between 0.5 wt. % and 75 wt. % of phyllosilicates, is characterized in that the concrete mix design includes an admixture system 1 which is based on 100% polycarboxylate ether based copolymer (PCE), the admixture system 1 comprising at least one component B1 being a PCE copolymer.

Abstract: Provided are: a sintered oxide which is capable of obtaining low carrier density and high carrier mobility when configured as an oxide semiconductor thin film by using a sputtering method; and a sputtering target which uses the same. The sintered oxide contains indium, gallium and copper as oxides. It is preferable for the gallium content to be 0.20-0.45, inclusive, when expressed as an atomic ratio (Ga/(In+Ga)), the copper content to be at least 0.001 and less than 0.03 when expressed as an atomic ratio (Cu/(In+Ga+Cu)), and for the sintering to be performed at 1,200-1,550° C., inclusive. A crystalline oxide semiconductor thin film obtained by forming this sintered oxide as a sputtering target makes it possible to achieve a carrier density of 3.0×1018 cm?3 or lower, and a carrier mobility of 10 cm2V?1 sec?1 or higher.

Abstract: Molten grains include titanium suboxides of the formulation TinO2n-1, in which the phases are principally Ti5O9 or Ti6O11 or a mixture of these two phases, the phases Ti5O9 and/or Ti6O11 representing, in total, more than 60% of the weight of the grains, the grains further including less than 30% by weight of Ti4O7.