Abstract: Provided is an ammonia slip catalyst article having supported palladium in a top or upstream layer for oxidation of carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbons, an SCR catalyst either in the top layer or in a separate lower or downstream layer, and an ammonia oxidation catalyst in a bottom layer. Also provided are methods for treating an exhaust gas using the catalyst article, wherein the treatment involves reducing the concentrations of ammonia and optionally carbon monoxide and/or hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for extracting magnesium and lithium and also producing layered double hydroxides (LDH) from brine, comprising the steps of: adding an aluminum salt to brine, to prepare a mixed salt solution A for preparing MgAl-LDH; adding an alkaline solution to carry out co-precipitation, followed by crystallization; after the crystallization is complete, performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid product of MgAl-LDH and a filtrate; concentrating the filtrate by evaporation to obtain a lithium-rich brine, adding an aluminum salt thereto to prepare a mixed salt solution B for preparing LiAl-LDH; adding the mixed salt solution B to an alkaline solution to carry out precipitation; after the precipitation is complete, performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid product of LiAl-LDH and a filtrate; and concentrating the filtrate by evaporation, returning the solution concentrated by evaporation to the lithium-rich brine for recycled use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a manufacturing method for a hollow fiber membrane sheet comprising: accepting a hollow fiber membrane bundle, which is in a sheet state, of a length set in advance in which a plurality of hollow fiber membranes are aligned using one or more accepting means containing a drive roll; forming fixing parts at which the hollow fiber membranes are fixed in a widthwise direction of the hollow fiber membrane bundle using a fixing means after accepting the hollow fiber membrane bundle of the length set in advance; and cutting the hollow fiber membrane bundle at the fixing parts or on the vicinity thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to, inter alia, a modified surface comprising an optically active monomer, a polymeric material having a surface onto which the optically active monomer is covalently bound. In one aspect, a membrane comprising an optically active monomer, a poly(aryl sulfone) membrane having a surface onto which the optically active monomer is covalently bound. The present disclosure also relates to a method of modifying a surface, the method comprising applying sufficient energy to a surface to induce covalent bonding with an optically active monomer, and contacting the optically active monomer with the surface. In one aspect, a method of modifying a surface of a poly(aryl sulfone) membrane is disclosed. In another aspect, a method of synthesizing an optically active monomer is disclosed. In one aspect, a method of filtration of chiral compounds is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for carrying out an integrity test on a filter element includes filling a fluid into at least one vessel (1), in which a filter element (F) to be tested is arranged. The method proceeds by setting the pressure of the fluid in the vessel (1) to a predetermined test pressure, and maintaining the test pressure in the vessel (1) with controlled replenishment of fluid into the vessel (1) and/or a controlled change in internal volume of the vessel (1). The method continues by determining an integrity characteristic variable for the filter element (F) in a manner dependent on the controlled replenishment of fluid into the vessel (1) and/or dependent on the controlled change in internal volume of the vessel (1) before attaining a substantially continuous volume flow of fluid for maintaining the specific test pressure in the vessel (1).

Abstract: A zeolite enhanced carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane is made by forming a precursor membrane from a matrix of polymer and zeolite particles and pyrolyzing the precursor membrane.

Abstract: A potting material for membrane modules which is formed of an epoxy resin composition, in which the mass change ratio of a cured product of the epoxy resin composition after being immersed in diethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether at 40° C. for one week is ±10% or less, and the mass change ratio thereof after being immersed in tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate at 40° C. for one week is ±5% or less, and a hollow fiber membrane module which uses the potting material for membrane modules.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer electrolyte membrane for SF6 separation, using a nitrate electrolyte, where the nitrate is solvated in the membrane to thus form ionic aggregates, whereby polar SF6 has difficulty passing through the membrane due to the barrier effect of the ionic aggregates, thus enabling the separation of SF6.

Abstract: One object of the present invention is to provide a zeolite membrane that can achieve both practically sufficient separation performance and throughput and maintain the separation performance stably for a long period. Provided is a method of producing a zeolite membrane having CHA crystal structure on an intermediate layer of a porous support, wherein Si/Al (a molar ratio) of CHA zeolite particles is from 9.5 to 100.5 and, in an X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by applying X-ray onto a surface of the zeolite membrane, a peak intensity near 2?=18° is less than 0.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a separation membrane structure comprising a step of forming a first to nth zeolite membranes on a surface of a porous substrate by “n” repetitions (wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2) of formation of a zeolite membrane by a method of hydrothermal synthesis. The following formula (1) is established in relation to the step of forming the first to the nth zeolite membranes. (Formula 1) N1/N0+0.1?T2˜n/T1?2N1/N0+2 (Wherein, N1 denotes a permeation rate of a predetermined gas in the substrate after formation of the first zeolite membrane, No denotes a permeation rate of a predetermined gas in the substrate before formation of the first zeolite membrane, T1 is a time required for formation of the first zeolite membrane, and T2˜n is a total time required for formation of the second to the nth zeolite membranes.

Abstract: The present invention discloses stable composite membranes comprising a porous support having one or more thin selective layers coated on a top surface thereof, whereas at least one of said thin selective layers comprises a crosslinked fluorinated silicone polymer, and further wherein the total thickness of said one or more thin selective layers ranges between 0.1 to 10 microns. The use of these membranes in the process of olive oil wastewater treatment and the valorization of polyphenol-rich by-products, are also disclosed.

Abstract: The filtration material includes a supporting layer, a first selective layer disposed on the supporting layer, and a second selective layer disposed on the first selective layer. The first selective layer includes a polyimide and an ionic polymer intertwined with the polyimide. In particular, the polyimide includes at least one repeat unit having a structure represented by Formula (I) wherein A1 is A2 is R1 and R2 are independently —H, —CF3, —OH, —Br, —Cl, —F, C1-6 alkyl group, or C1-6 alkoxy group; and X and Y are independently single bond, —O—, —CH2—, —C(CH3)2—, or —NH—.

Abstract: Provided herein are metal organic framework/polymer mixed-matrix hollow fiber membranes and metal organic framework/carbon molecular sieve mixed-matrix hollow fiber membranes. The materials have high MOF particle loading and are easily scalable. The MOF/polymer mixed-matrix hollow fibers are formed using a dry-jet/wet-quench fiber spinning technique and show C3H6/C3H8 selectivity that is significantly enhanced over the pure polymer fiber and that is consistent with the selectivity of mixed-matrix dense films of the same MOF/polymer combination. The MOF/CMS mixed-matrix hollow fibers are formed by pyrolyzing the MOF/polymer mixed-matrix hollow fibers and show increased C3H6 permeance and increased selectivity over the MOF/polymer mixed-matrix hollow fiber membranes.

Abstract: The mixing device for mixing a powder with a pressurized gas, comprising a mixing chamber (20) with an inlet area (22), which has at least one inlet opening (24), by way of which powder and/or pressurized gas and/or a mixture thereof may be introduced into the mixing chamber (20), and at least one outlet area (26), which is designed for withdrawing from the mixing chamber (20) a main flow (HR) of a gas or powder or a powder and gas mixture directed along the mixing chamber (20) which essentially extends from the inlet area (22) to the outlet area (26), characterized in that a regulating device (10) is arranged along and/or in continuation of the main flow (HR), regulating the main flow (HR) of the gas or powder or powder and gas mixture.

Abstract: A liquid blending system and method for the continuous blending of agrochemicals. The system uses static-rate pumps to deliver a continuous pressurized agrochemical to the proportional valve and the control system continuously regulates the flow rate by controlling the respective proportional valve. A method is disclosed for the simultaneous delivery of the requested quantity of each respective agrochemical. Each agrochemical flow rate is adjusted to deliver the requested quantity of each agrochemical fluid simultaneously based on a measured quantity of each agrochemical fluid as a proportion of the total quantity of the respective agrochemical fluid requested based on a blend recipe; a selected blend recipe; and a measured rate-limiting liquid source. A modular rack system is described for organizing and efficiently installing and maintaining the system.

Abstract: A method and system for blending natural gas liquids into liquid hydrocarbons may include using multiple blending tanks with internal mixer eductors, a plurality of analyzers, and, optionally, a recirculation tank, wherein natural gas liquid may be added into the system at each blending tank, creating a more accurately mixed final product.

Abstract: A blending system is described for preparing a blended mixture. The blending system includes a control system having at least a processor, a computer-readable memory, and a display, wherein the memory contains software configured to receive a formula defining instructions for preparing a blended mixture using one or more blending materials and amounts for the blended mixture using a scale. The blending system further includes management software stored in the computer-readable memory and executed by the control system, the software in communication with the control system to exchange information on customers and formulas for blended mixtures associated with the customers. Additionally, the control system includes software configured to calculate information associated with the one or more blending materials and the blended mixture when input is received by the control system and displays the calculated information associated with the one or more blending materials and the blended mixture on the display.

Abstract: Apparatus and systems are disclosed for improved set-up of multi-ingredient compounders. An improved apparatus includes a manifold and a plurality of valve members disposed for movement relative to different corresponding ones of a plurality of inlet ports of the manifold. The valve members are moveable to open and close a corresponding fluid passageway between the corresponding inlet port and an internal passageway of the manifold. A plurality of caps are locatable on different corresponding ones of the inlet ports, with each of the caps being engageable with the corresponding valve member for co-movement from a locked position at which the cap is restricted from removal to an unlocked position at which the cap is removable, e.g. by manual, axial retraction of the cap.

Abstract: A constrictor valve can be associated with a conduit in fluid communication with a mixer to control a flow of cementitious slurry discharged from the mixer through the conduit. The constrictor valve can include a constrictor housing, a webbing constriction assembly, and a drive mechanism. The webbing constriction assembly includes a pair of rotatable members rotatably mounted to the constrictor housing and a plurality of webbing straps connected to the rotatable members and wrapped around the conduit. The drive mechanism includes a drive shaft and a gear assembly configured to rotate the rotatable members in opposing winding directions in response to the drive shaft rotating in a tighten direction to wrap the webbing straps tighter around the conduit to compress it and to rotate in opposing unwinding directions in response to the drive shaft rotating in a loosen direction to loosen the grip of the webbing straps on the conduit.

Abstract: A thermal convection generating chip (1) includes a rotatory body (2), a thermal convection pathway (11) provided in the rotatory body (2), and a supply path (12A to 12C) that supplies a liquid to the thermal convection pathway (11). The supply path (12A to 12C) includes a liquid receiving section (121) that receives the liquid and a suction passage (122) that provides communication between the liquid receiving section (121) and the thermal convection pathway (11). The suction passage (122) has a first region (122a) extending between a midsection of the suction passage (122) and the thermal convection pathway (11), and a second region (122b) extending between the midsection and the liquid receiving section (121). The liquid in the first region (122a) is separated from the liquid in the second region (122b) through rotation of the rotatory body (2) to be supplied to the thermal convection pathway (11).

Abstract: Horizontal reactor (1) for catalytic reactions, comprising an outer cylindrical shell (2), a catalytic bed (5) and heat exchange plates (6) immersed in said catalytic bed, parallel to each other and supplied with a heat exchange fluid; said reactor comprises a container (7) for said catalytic bed (5) and said plates (6), said container is extractable slidably from said shell, by means of at least one linear guide (31, 32, 45) extended longitudinally with respect to said shell (2).

Abstract: A packed bed includes a vessel including a shell, an inlet, and an outlet, wherein the space inside the shell between the inlet and outlet forms an internal volume; a plurality of packing material structures filling at least a portion of the internal volume thereby forming a packed volume, wherein the packed volume has a void fraction, and the packing material structures provide an aggregate surface area; and the vessel has a pressure drop between the vessel inlet and vessel outlet, wherein the pressure drop is less than 1.0 times that of a packed bed of the non-twisted shapes with the same cross-section.

Abstract: Vessel and support beam assembly includes a vessel having a cylindrical wall defining an interior chamber having a generally circular shape of diameter D in plan view, and a support assembly disposed within the interior chamber. The support assembly includes an inner hub defining an open central region, and a plurality of spokes extending radially from the inner hub. Each spoke is aligned radially with the cylindrical wall of the vessel and joined thereto. At least one open outer region is defined between circumferentially adjacent spokes.

Abstract: A dual bed pyrolysis system may include a falling bed reactor employing a heat carrier particulate to pyrolyze biomass to create a pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis waste product. The dual bed pyrolysis system may also include a fluidized bed reactor. The fluidized bed reactor may accept the pyrolysis waste product including char and heat carrier particulate from the falling bed reactor. The fluidized bed reactor may combust the char in the presence of the heat carrier particulate. The fluidized bed reactor may combust the char to reheat the heat carrier particulate. The reheated heat carrier particulate may be provided to the falling bed reactor to pyrolyze biomass to create a pyrolysis product and a pyrolysis waste product.

Abstract: A new and efficient nanoparticles synthesis apparatus and process production. More particularly, an apparatus and process applied to the synthesis of nanostructured tin dioxide. The benefits provided by the apparatus and process are applied in various gaseous reactions where occurs the formation of solid and gaseous products.

Abstract: A continuous flow reactor (CFR) system for photoluminescent core shell nanoparticle manufacturing is provided. The CFR system includes a continuous flow reactor (CFR) module, a material supply module, a monitoring module and an automation module controlling the manufacturing process. The CFR module includes a plurality of flow reactors to perform core shell nanoparticle forming reactions, the flow reactors made at least partially of a light transparent material. The monitoring module includes photoluminescence detectors configured to detect radiation emitted from at least one of the core particle material and the core shell material to monitor the core shell nanoparticle forming reactions.

Abstract: A microencapsulation process is improved by adding a stabilizing agent that contains one or more catalytic organo-metal oxide materials, such as metal soaps. This functions as a crosslinker by causing unsaturated bonds in the microcapsule walls to react, thereby stabilizing the microcapsules against the effects of additives to coatings that, otherwise, degrade the functionality of thermochromic or photochromic materials at the microcapsule core.

Abstract: The invention teaches a method of efficiently dewatering a microcapsule slurry to form a water re-suspendable filter cake of microcapsules. The process comprises providing an aqueous slurry of microcapsules dispersed in an aqueous solution; adding an agglomeration agent and dispersing the agglomeration agent into the aqueous slurry; adjusting the pH to a pH level sufficient to agglomerate the dispersed microcapsules; and filtering the aqueous slurry of microcapsules by gravity, vacuum or pressure filtration to thereby form a filter cake of dewatered microcapsules. The agglomeration agent is sodium polyphosphate, sodium tetrapolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and/or sodium tripolyphosphate; or with anionic microcapsules or coatings even alkaline earth metal salts such as magnesium chloride, calcium chloride or barium chloride, or even aluminum salt such as aluminum chloride.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to a microstructure for adsorbing/desorbing at least one gas component of a gas supplied to the microstructure. The microstructure includes a semiconductor substrate having a bottom and a top. The microstructure also includes a plurality of micro-channels, extending from the bottom to the top of the semiconductor substrate. A top surface of micro-channel is configured to adsorb and/or desorb the at least one gas component when the gas is passed through the micro-channels.

Abstract: Described herein are method for conducting sonochemical reactions and processes in a liquid. The liquid is passed through a device that generates a liquid jet containing cavitation bubbles and collides the liquid jet with an impact body or other liquid jet to force the collapse of the cavitation bubbles at a select compressive stagnation pressure. The compressive stagnation pressure of the liquid is between 50 and 99 percent of the static pressure of the liquid upon entry of a constriction that generates the liquid jet containing cavitation bubbles.

Abstract: A combined heat exchanger and reactor for use with an ionic liquid catalyst reaction. The reactor includes an outer shell configured to receive a cooling fluid which may remove heat from reactions occurring within hollow members disposed inside of the outer shell. The hollow members preferably include one or more static mixers for mixing fluids and dispersing ionic liquid into droplets. A separation zone may be disposed beneath the hollow members which will separate the effluent and provide a hydrocarbon stream and an ionic liquid stream. Multiple combined heat exchanger and reactor may be arranged in series.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of making laminated devices (especially microchannel devices) in which plates are assembled and welded together. Unlike conventional microchannel devices, the inventive laminated devices can be made without brazing or diffusion bonding; thus providing significant advantages for manufacturing. Features such as expansion joints and external welded supports are also described. Laminated devices and methods of conducting unit operations in laminated devices are also described.

Abstract: Methods for converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into graphene are described. The methods include contacting a metal with gaseous carbon dioxide, and irradiating a surface of the metal with at least one laser beam to convert the gaseous carbon dioxide into graphene on the surface of the metal. Systems for converting carbon dioxide into graphene are also described.

Abstract: A plasma reactor comprises a housing, a first fluid inlet, a second fluid inlet, a first electric field generator, and an effluent outlet. The housing includes an axial aligned passageway and an internal reactor chamber coupled with the passageway. The first fluid inlet receives and delivers a first fluid to the reactor chamber. The second fluid inlet receives and delivers a second fluid to the reactor chamber. The first electric field generator is positioned in the reactor chamber and includes a first electrode and a spaced apart second electrode. The first electric field generator generates a first electric field, wherein the first fluid passes through the first electric field creating a plasma which is injected into the second fluid while the second fluid is flowing through the passageway to create an effluent. The effluent outlet receives the effluent from the reactor chamber and delivers it to a destination.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nanoparticle preparation device using laser, and more particularly, the nanoparticle preparation device using the laser wherein the nanoparticles prepared by irradiating the laser beam to the source material gas within the reaction chamber are recovered without being oxidized by blocking the air or moisture within the glove box in which the nitrogen atmosphere is maintained, and thus the nanoparticles are efficiently collected without oxidation.

Abstract: A functional ceramic material made from a raw material mixture which includes 0.1-0.5 wt % iron powder, 20-25 wt % bentonite, and a remainder of sludge (based on dry weight) which contains bacteria. To make the functional ceramic material, the raw material mixture is calcined at low temperature and anaerobic conditions. Use of the material for purifying a medium is also provided.

Abstract: A separation medium consisting of a cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (CD-MOF) for separating aromatic compounds and methods of preparing the same are presented. Bottom-up preparations include the following steps: (a) preparing a first mixture comprising a cyclodextrin, an alkali metal salt, water and an alcohol; (b) performing one of the following two steps: (i) stirring the first mixture; or (ii) adding an amount of a surfactant to the first mixture to form a second mixture; and (c) crystallizing the CD-MOF from the first mixture or the second mixture. Top-down preparations include the following steps: (a) preparing a first mixture comprising the cyclodextrin, an alkali metal salt, water and an alcohol; (b) crystallizing the CD-MOF from the first mixture; and (c) optionally performing particle size reduction of the crystallized CD-MOF. The CD-MOFs are amenable for use in methods for separating alkylaromatic and haloaromatic compounds from a mixture of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: According to an embodiment there is provided a method of developing catalysts that are able to reduce the levels of tars in the syngas by reforming. One embodiment develops a co-catalyst, char supported nickel catalyst, for syngas conditioning. Biomass-derived char does not only serve as a support, but also plays a role in catalyzing the reactions. Biomass-derived char is a byproduct of biomass thermo-conversion process. In one variation, hydrazine was used to reduce supported Ni2 into Ni0. Compared with the traditional method of reducing nickel with hydrogen flow, this reduction method increases nickel dispersion rate and reduces nickel particle size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to coated substrates useful in catalytic converters. The coated substrates can have two washcoat layers, and in some embodiments, the first washcoat layer is divided into two zones. The substrates can be used in catalytic converters and emission control systems for treatment of exhaust gases from gasoline engines.

Abstract: This present disclosure is directed to methods for the preparation of a hydrotreatment catalyst, such as nanoscale nickel phosphide (i.e., Ni2P) particles supported on high-surface area metal oxides (e.g., silica, alumina, amorphous silica-alumina), in a manner that is compatible with conditions employed in commercial hydrotreating units. The catalyst synthesis includes impregnation, drying, and in situ reduction, and can provide highly active catalysts for the removal of S and N impurities from crude oil fractions.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing an aluminosilicate catalyst. The method includes a first phosphorus treatment step of treating a crystalline aluminosilicate with a first phosphorus compound, a mixing and firing step of mixing the phosphorus-treated crystalline aluminosilicate obtained in the first phosphorus treatment step with a binder and then performing firing to form an aluminosilicate mixture, and a second phosphorus treatment step of treating the aluminosilicate mixture with a second phosphorus compound.

Abstract: Organic-inorganic composite particles that can be dispersed in a solvent and/or a resin as primary particles having an organic group on the surface of inorganic particles, the organic-inorganic composite particles having negative birefringence.

Abstract: A catalyst for catalytic reactors of which the outer shape is a helix with n blades, where n is greater than or equal to 1, wherein the stack void fraction percentage is between 75% and 85% and the surface area/volume ratio is greater than 1000 square meters/square meters.

Abstract: A method for producing a catalyst using an additive layer method includes: (i) forming a layer of a powdered catalyst or catalyst support material, (ii) binding or fusing the powder in said layer according to a predetermined pattern, (iii) repeating (i) and (ii) layer upon layer to form a shaped unit, and (iv) optionally applying a catalytic material to said shaped unit.

Abstract: A method to manufacture an ion exchange membrane involves treatment of the membrane in a strong base to strengthen the membrane, decrease the membrane solubility, and create linkages that can be detected by analysis using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Abstract: Improved pipette tips having sections, the pipette tips having a dis-assembled configuration and an assembled configuration. The dis-assembled configuration allows the pipette tips to be stored and transported when dis-assembled, saving space and allowing more convenient transport. The assembled configuration allows the full-sized pipette tips to be used in their most efficient form, without requiring additional space or difficult manipulation for their use. Cartridges carrying such improved pipette tips, systems including such improved pipette tips, kits providing such improved pipette tips, and methods for their use are disclosed. Cartridges and kits may also include or provide reagents, implements, samples, and combinations thereof, along with the improved pipette tips. The improved pipette tips provide advantages including improved fit within cartridges effective for ready insertion into automated sample analysis devices and systems.

Abstract: The invention provides a collection and detection integrated device with a mis-assembling prevention structure. The collection and detection integrated device with a mis-assembling prevention structure comprises: a detector; a test strip holder, detachably arranged in the detector; a collector, detachably contained in the detector; a faeces collection piece and a cushion block, configured to detachably seal the collector; and a piercing part, arranged on a bottom surface of the detector and configured to pierce the collector, wherein the test strip holder and the collector are contained in the detector side by side, the collector is located between the test strip holder and the detector, a first outer side face of the collector is adjacent to an inner side wall of the detector, a second outer side face of the collector is adjacent to the test strip holder, and the first outer side face and the second outer side face of the collector are asymmetric structurally.

Abstract: An aliquoting and freezing storage device comprises a test tube and at least one capillary tube. The capillary tube is inserted into a test tube, and the capillary tube is provided with an inner long hole which penetrates throughly. The device utilizes the capillarity to quickly and easily store biological samples in the capillary tubes. When needed, the operator only needs to remove one or several of the tubes, without affecting the remaining biological samples, so as to avoid repeated freezing and thawing of biological samples.

Abstract: The present invention provides devices, kits and methods for the rapid multiplex quantitative analysis of analytes in a sample while eliminating the need for the end user to prepare standardized solutions of the analytes or internal standards. The devices of the present invention comprise multiwell plates manufactured to contain dried calibration standards, dried quality control standards, and dried internal standards and optionally contain tracers and deconjugation enzymes. The methods of the present invention do not require preparation and addition of these standards or optional components to a device, thus eliminating steps costly with regard to time and sample analyte measurement precision.

Abstract: A sample testing cartridge is usable to perform a variety of tests on a viscoelastic sample, such hemostasis testing on a whole blood or blood component sample. The cartridge includes a sample processing portion that is in fluid communication with a sample retention structure. A suspension, such as a beam, arm, cantilever or similar structure supports or suspends the sample retention portion relative to the sample processing portion in a unitary structure. In this manner, the sample retention portion may be placed into dynamic excitation responsive to excitation of the cartridge and correspondingly dynamic, resonant excitation of the sample contained within the sample retention portion, while the sample processing portion remains fixed. Observation of the excited sample yields data indicative of hemostasis. The data may correspond to hemostasis parameters such as time to initial clot formation, rate of clot formation, maximum clot strength and degree of clot lysis.