Abstract: A compensation film includes: a first retardation layer including a polymer; a second retardation layer including a liquid crystal having positive birefringence; and a compensation layer including a liquid crystal having a vertical alignment property, where an angle between slow axes of the first and second retardation layers is in a range of about 85 to about 95 degrees, an entire in-plane retardation (Re0) of the first retardation layer, the second retardation layer and the compensation layer for wavelengths of 450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm satisfy the following inequation: Re0(450 nm)<Re0(550 nm)<Re0(650 nm), an in-plane retardation (Re3) of the compensation layer for the incident light having a wavelength of about 550 nm is in a range of about zero to about 50 nm, and a thickness direction retardation (Rth3) of the compensation layer for the incident light is less than zero.

Abstract: An optical laminate for a front surface of an in-cell touch panel liquid crystal element has reduced thickness while avoiding cloudiness of the liquid crystal screen. The optical laminate for a front surface of an in-cell touch panel liquid crystal element comprises a phase difference plate, a polarizing film, and a transparent substrate in this order, and further comprises a conductive layer. The transparent substrate has optical anisotropy that scatters linear polarized light emitted from the polarizing film, the phase difference plate, the polarizing film, and the transparent substrate are laminated without other layers or only through the conductive layer, and a thickness of the optical laminate is in a range of 32 ?m to 300 ?m.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a first alignment layer on the first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a second alignment layer on the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer between the first substrate and the second substrate and including liquid crystal molecules. The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer include a polymer including at least of polyamic acid, polyimide, and a combination including at least one of the foregoing polymers, and a compound including an epoxy cross-linker represented by Chemical Formula 1.

Abstract: A curved display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate facing the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates, the liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules, a first alignment layer including reactive mesogens which are polymerized with each other, the first alignment layer being disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer, and a second alignment layer disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the second substrate, where the reactive mesogens have a functional group having charges.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display and a method for fabricating the same, an electronic apparatus are provided. The liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; and multiple pixel units disposed between the first and the substrates, where each of the pixel units includes multiple sub-pixels with different colors; where each of the sub-pixels includes a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates, a first alignment film disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer and a second alignment film disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer; where at least two sub-pixels in a pixel unit have different alignment directions relative to the first alignment film; and an alignment direction of a sub-pixel relative to the first alignment film is parallel to an alignment direction of this sub-pixel relative to the second alignment film.

Abstract: An alignment method for a liquid crystal display panel performs, at the side of a first substrate, an exposing alignment procedure upwardly and downwardly along the long edge of a pixel, the exposing width is an integral multiple of the width of the pixel; and performs, at the side of a second substrate, the exposing alignment procedure leftwardly and rightwardly along the short edge of the pixel, the exposing width is an integral multiple of half of the length of the pixel. By adjusting the exposing width in optical alignment, the alignment method can change the shape of dark line pattern, thereby increasing light transmission rate. Compared to the existing optical alignment approaches, the alignment method can increase the light transmission rate at least up to 16.5%.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. In an embodiment of the present invention, a liquid crystal display device and a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate that has a first electrode formed thereon, a second substrate that faces the first substrate, a liquid crystal layer that is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a first alignment layer that is formed on the first substrate and is in contact with the liquid crystal layer. Here, the first alignment layer includes a first alignment base layer that is photoaligned, and a first alignment controlling layer that is extended from the inside of the first alignment base layer.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of suppressing display defects in the image display portion, improving the display quality in the image display portion and the transmissive portion, improving the visibility in the transmissive portion, and improving the long-term reliability.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a TFT substrate and a counter substrate and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched therebetween. A scanning line, a video signal line, a thin film transistor connected to the scanning line and the video signal line, a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor, and a counter electrode are formed on the TFT substrate, and a columnar spacer formed on the counter substrate. The pixel and counter electrodes are transparent, and the liquid crystal layer is controlled by an electric field generated between the pixel and counter electrodes. The counter electrode contacts with a metal line having a first part which is extended in parallel with the scanning line and a second part which is extended in parallel with the video signal line, a width of the first part of the metal line being narrower than a width of the scanning line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel and a cross-shaped spacer structure thereof are disclosed. The liquid crystal panel includes an array substrate, a color filter substrate, and a cross-shaped spacer structure sandwiched between the array substrate and the color filter substrate. The cross-shaped spacer structure includes a plurality of strip-like first spacers disposed on the upper surface of the array substrate and a plurality of strip-like second spacers disposed on the lower surface of the color filter substrate. The end surface of each one of the strip-like first spacers and the end surfaces of each three of the strip-like second spacers are abutted against each other in a cross manner. Thus, when the liquid crystal panel is impacted by external force, the strip-like first spacers and the strip-like second spacers can keep a tight abutment therebetween, so as to ensure the display quality of the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate; a gate line disposed on the first substrate; an insulating layer disposed on the gate line; and first and second subpixel electrodes respectively including pixel branch electrodes, wherein the first and second subpixel electrodes respectively comprise first and second regions, the first and second regions of the first subpixel electrode have a polygonal shape where two sides meet in a diagonal line, and one of sides of the polygon, excluding the diagonal line, is perpendicular to the gate line, the first and second regions of the second subpixel electrode have grooves disposed at one of sides thereof corresponding to the shape of the first subpixel electrode, the first and second regions of the first subpixel electrode are connected with each other, and the first and second regions of the second subpixel electrode are connected with each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel includes a thin film transistor substrate and an opposing substrate. The thin film transistor substrate includes a first base substrate, a common electrode formed on the first base substrate, a supporting structure formed on the first base substrate, and an electrical conduction structure formed on the supporting structure and electrically coupled to the common electrode. The opposing substrate includes a second base substrate and a blocking structure arranged on the second base substrate and made of electrical conducting material. The blocking structure is configured to be supported on and electrically coupled to the electrical conduction structure. A liquid crystal layer is formed between the thin film transistor substrate and the opposing substrate.

Abstract: A display panel includes pixel structures. Each pixel structure includes an active device, a pixel electrode, and a protective layer. The pixel electrode is electrically connected to the active device, wherein the pixel electrode has at least one block-shaped electrode. The protective layer is located below the pixel electrode and includes a recess main portion and recess branched portions. The width of the recess main portion is greater than 0 ?m and equal to or less than 4 ?m, and the recess branched portions are extended along at least four directions. The pixel electrode covers the recess main portion and the recess branched portions. The display panel includes at least one polarizer, wherein the direction of an adsorption axis of the polarizer is different from the four directions of extension of the recess branched portions.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses liquid crystal panel with short response time and display device. The first pixel electrode and the first common electrode of the liquid crystal panel are respectively provided on the two disparate substrates and corresponding to each other. The second pixel electrode and the second common electrode provided on the first substrate and/or the second substrate with an interval, which are projected between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the second pixel electrode and the second common electrode are insulated from the first pixel electrode and the first common electrode. When the liquid crystal is in the rising state, it only applies voltage to the first pixel electrode and the first common electrode. When the liquid crystal is in the falling state, it only applies voltage to the second pixel electrode and the second common electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed are an LCD device and a method of manufacturing the same, in which a passivation layer and a pixel electrode are simultaneously formed by a single mask process using a half tone mask, and thus, manufacturing efficiency increases, and a defective contact due to loss of the pixel electrode can be prevented in a pad area. The LCD device includes a pad part including a pad area and a contact area. The LCD device includes a pixel pad formed in the pad area, a pixel bar formed in the contact area, and a bridge layer contacting the pixel pad with the pixel bar. The bridge layer is formed as a single layer or multi layers, and formed of one or more of a transparent conductive material and an opaque conductive material.

Abstract: A display panel is provided. The display panel includes a first substrate, a first insulating layer, a common electrode, a second insulating layer, a first pixel electrode, and a second pixel electrode. The first insulating layer is located on the first substrate. The common electrode having a first through hole is located on the first insulating layer. The second insulating layer covers the common electrode and partially covers the first through hole. The first pixel electrode is located on the second insulating layer and penetrates through the first through hole. The second pixel electrode is located on the second insulating layer. The second pixel electrode is adjacent to the first pixel electrode and overlaps a portion of the first through hole.

Abstract: The present invention provides an array substrate and a display panel. The array substrate comprises a plurality of data lines and a plurality of common electrode lines, wherein, the array substrate further comprises at least one discharge unit, each discharge unit corresponds to one of the plurality of data lines and is connected between the corresponding data line and one of the plurality of common electrode lines, and each discharge unit can selectively conduct the data line to the common electrode line connected thereto. The display panel comprises the array substrate. In the present invention, the discharge unit can selectively conduct the data line connected thereto to the common electrode line connected thereto, to enable fast discharge of the storage capacitance and reduce occurrence of afterimage phenomenon.

Abstract: Conventional electrochromic devices frequently suffer from poor reliability and poor performance. Improvements are made using entirely solid and inorganic materials. Electrochromic devices are fabricated by forming an ion conducting electronically insulating interfacial region that serves as an IC layer. In some methods, the interfacial region is formed after formation of an electrochromic and a counter electrode layer, which are in direct contact with one another. The interfacial region contains an ion conducting electronically insulating material along with components of the electrochromic and/or the counter electrode layer. Materials and microstructure of the electrochromic devices provide improvements in performance and reliability over conventional devices. In addition to the improved electrochromic devices and methods for fabrication, integrated deposition systems for forming such improved devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: Multi-layer electrochromic structures, and processes for assembling such structures, incorporating a cross-linked ion conducting polymer layer that maintains high adhesive and cohesive strength in combination with high ionic conductivity for an extended period of time, the ion conducting polymer layer characterized by electrochemical stability at voltages between about 1.3 V and about 4.4 V relative to lithium, lithium ion conductivity of at least about 10?5 s/cm, and lap shear strength of at least 100 kPa, as measured at 1.27 mm/min in accordance with ASTM International standard D1002 or D3163.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling operation of an electro-optic modulator is disclosed. A first intensity of light is obtained at an input to the electro-optic modulator. A second intensity of light is obtained at an output of the electro-optic modulator. A difference between the obtained first intensity and the obtained second intensity is used to control a biasing of a modulator transfer function of the electro-optic modulator to control the electro-optic modulator.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to make it possible to output stable light by optimizing the wavelength conversion efficiency in a wavelength conversion element without employing an optical detection device such as a photo diode in a laser light source device. A fundamental light wave emitted from a semiconductor laser (2) is wavelength converted by a wavelength conversion element (5) and is emitted therefrom. A lighting circuit (20) supplies electric power for the aforementioned semiconductor laser (2) to turn on the semiconductor laser (2). A control unit (21) controls the operation of the device while controlling the amount of power supplied to a heater means (7) such that the wavelength conversion element (5) reaches a temperature at which optimum wavelength conversion efficiency is acquired.

Abstract: At least certain embodiments described herein provide a continuous autofocus mechanism for an image capturing device. The continuous autofocus mechanism can perform an autofocus scan for a lens of the image capturing device and obtain focus scores associated with the autofocus scan. The continuous autofocus mechanism can determine an acceptable band of focus scores based on the obtained focus scores. Next, the continuous autofocus mechanism can determine whether a current focus score is within the acceptable band of focus scores. A refocus scan may be performed if the current focus score is outside of the acceptable band of focus scores.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a strobe mechanism which has a compact constitution thus avoiding vignetting of strobe light rays by a lens barrel. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a strobe mechanism which brings a strobe into a use state by making the strobe pop up from a stored state. The strobe mechanism includes: a base member; a slide member held in a movable manner in one direction with respect to the base member; a strobe part which is mounted on the slide member; and a capacitor which supplies electricity to the strobe part; and the capacitor is arranged in a region defined by walls of the slide member.

Abstract: A method, a device, and a terminal are provided for controlling a flash light. In the method, the device obtains position data of an object to be photographed. The device determines a parameter of the flash light with respect to the object to be photographed based on the position data. Depending on different positions of the object to be photographed, different parameters of flash light are provided to the flash light to obtain a clear image.

Abstract: The present invention is an imaging aid aiding imaging of a predetermined region of a surface of an object having minute concave and convex portions and being subject to intense specular reflection, including: a light source unit that irradiates light; and a cover lid to cover a predetermined region of a surface of the object, where a part of a surface of the cover lid corresponding to a predetermined angular range from a normal line direction directly opposing the predetermined region is a black surface, and another surface of the cover lid corresponding to another angular range is made of a light-source surface diffusing and emitting light irradiated from the light source unit.

Abstract: A plate provides clearance between a camera and a quick-release receiver securing the camera to a support.

Abstract: A gear for adjusting a camera lens barrel includes a gear body having a continuous inner surface defining an inner diameter and a continuous outer surface defining an outer diameter. The gear is elastically deformable such that the gear is securable about the camera lens barrel whereby the gear is removable and is reusable. The inner diameter of the gear is elastically deformable by at least 0.6 millimeters.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided in the present application, which includes a first component; a display arranged on a first surface of the first component; a second component, which includes a supporting body and a projector, the second component being arranged at a first lateral portion of the first component and the projector being arranged on the supporting body; and a connecting member arranged at the first lateral portion of the first component. The supporting body is movable with respect to the first component via the connecting member, the projector is rotatable with the rotation of the supporting body, and the projector moves to a second relative position with respect to the first component when the supporting body moves to a first relative position with respect to the first component.

Abstract: An optical projection apparatus includes a light specification setting unit for setting a specification of a light, a shape setting unit for setting a shape made by the light, a position setting unit for setting a position of the shape, a size setting unit for setting a size of the shape, an optical data generation unit for generating optical data based on the specification, the shape, the position, and the size. The optical projection apparatus further includes a light drawing unit for generating light drawing data by performing a drawing process with the optical data, an optical projection unit for projecting the shape at the position with the light drawing data, and a manipulation unit for allowing a user to set one or more parameters indicating the specification, the shape, the position, and the size.

Abstract: Provided is a high-emission light source device which is capable of obtaining a desired color tone of red light and can be mounted on a small projector. A light source device includes a first light source for emitting a red light, a second light source for emitting a light different from the red light, a fluorescent member for emitting a light containing a red light component and a light component other than the red light component upon receiving the light emitted from the second light source, and a filter for transmitting or reflecting the red light component of the light emitted from the fluorescent member.

Abstract: A method of mounting screen material may include a screen mounted to a frame at multiple mounting points. One embodiment may include mounting patches attached along the perimeter of the screen. These mounting patches may be strain relieved in order to enable rolling the screen without sacrificing the in-plane rigidity of the patches when the screen is mounted to a frame. Stated differently, the strain relieved patches may reduce the strain on the screen in the circumstance the screen is rolled onto a core. The mounting patches may be strain relieved by locating notches or slits in the mounting patch.

Abstract: A projection screen includes a flexible substrate, a reflective layer and a transparent coating layer. The flexible substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other. The reflective layer is disposed on the first surface of the flexible substrate. The transparent coating layer is coated on the reflective layer, and the transparent coating layer has a pattern on a surface opposite to the reflective layer. Moreover, a manufacturing method of the projection screen is also provided.

Abstract: An imaging plate for projection, the imaging plate comprising an impermeable plate and a projecting device disposed in said one surface of the plate in a certain distance, wherein the projecting device is capable of projecting light and image; the plate having a plurality of cylinder through holes disposed on both surface thereof; wherein the cylinder through holes are filled with transparent pillars, one end of said pillar defined an input end which receives the light and image from the projecting device and then guides them to an output end thereof; wherein an inner wall of the cylinder through holes comprises a light reflective surface; wherein the both input end and output end of transparent pillar are parallel to the rear and front surface of the plate.

Abstract: A theatre system is described that includes a screen and a projection system. The projection system includes a first mirror and a second mirror that are positionable within axes for imaged light and between projection lenses of projectors and the screen. The axes include a first axis and a second axis. The first mirror and the second mirror are configured for causing the first axis and the second axis to be parallel to each other and to have a displacement between the first axis and second axis along a dimension by which the screen is curved.

Abstract: Provided is a reflective mask blank capable of facilitating the discovery of contaminants, scratches and other critical defects by inhibiting the detection of pseudo defects attributable to surface roughness of a substrate or film in a defect inspection using a highly sensitive defect inspection apparatus. The reflective mask blank has a mask blank multilayer film comprising a multilayer reflective film, obtained by alternately laminating a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer, and an absorber film on a main surface of a mask blank substrate, wherein the root mean square roughness (Rms), obtained by measuring a 3 ?m×3 ?m region on the surface of the reflective mask blank on which the mask blank multilayer film is formed with an atomic force microscope, is not more than 0.5 nm and the power spectrum density at a spatial frequency of 1 ?m?1 to 10 ?m?1 is not more than 50 nm4.

Abstract: A mask blank for EUV lithography (EUVL) excellent in in-plane uniformity of the peak reflectivity of light in the EUV wavelength region and in in-plane uniformity of the center wavelength of reflected light in the EUV wavelength region, at the surface of a multilayer reflective film, and a process for its production, as well as a substrate with reflective layer for EUVL to be used for the production of such a mask blank for EUVL, and a process for its production. A substrate with reflective layer for EUVL having a reflective layer for reflecting EUV light formed on a substrate, where the reflective layer is a multilayer reflective film having a low refractive index layer and a high refractive index layer alternately stacked plural times.

Abstract: A substrate with a multilayer reflective film that yields a reflective mask achieving high reflectance and exhibiting excellent cleaning resistance. The present invention is directed to a substrate with a multilayer reflective film, which has: a substrate; a multilayer reflective film, formed on a substrate, having a layer comprising Si as a high refractive-index material and a layer comprising a low refractive-index material, wherein the layers are periodically laminate; and a Ru protective film, formed on the multilayer reflective film, for protecting the multilayer reflective film, wherein the surface layer of the multilayer reflective film on the other side of the substrate is the layer comprising Si, and wherein the Ru protective film comprises a Ru compound comprising Ru and Ti, wherein the Ru compound contains Ru in an amount greater than that in the stoichiometric composition of RuTi.

Abstract: A masked etching process can prepare patterned nanocellulose for use in conformal electronics such as electrodermal structures might be adhered to human skin.

Abstract: Provided are a colored composition having excellent heat resistance, excellent solvent resistance, and an excellent voltage holding ratio; a cured film; a color filter; a method for manufacturing a color filter; a solid-state imaging element; an image display device; and a compound. The colored composition includes a colorant comprising a repeating unit having a triarylmethane structure containing a cation, and a counter anion, and a polymerizable compound.

Abstract: An optical sheet is disclosed in the present invention and comprises a substrate, a reflective layer and a plurality of pixels. The reflective layer is disposed on the substrate. The pixels are composed of several quantum dot fluorescent powders respectively and arrayed on the reflective layer. In addition, a method for manufacturing the above optical sheet, a light emitting diodes module and a display using the above optical sheet are also disclosed in the present invention.

Abstract: New lactone-containing photoacid generator compounds (“PAGs”) and photoresist compositions that comprise each PAG compounds are provided. These photoresist compositions are useful in the manufacture of electronic device.

Abstract: A photoresist composition containing (A) a polymer having a structural unit (I) that includes an acid-labile group, and (I) a compound represented by the following formula (1). In the following formula (1), R1, R2, R3 and R represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. X represents a single bond, an oxygen atom or —NRa—. Ra represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally taken together represents a ring structure by binding with R each other. A? represents —SO3? or —CO2?. M+ represents a monovalent onium cation.

Abstract: A resist composition comprising a resin adapted to be decomposed under the action of acid to increase its solubility in alkaline developer and a sulfonium or iodonium salt of nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid has a high resolution. By lithography, a pattern with minimal LER can be formed.

Abstract: A resist composition is provided comprising a polymer comprising recurring units (a) having an oxazolidinedione, thioxooxazolidinone, thiazolidinedione or thioxothiazolidinone structure and recurring unit (b1) having an acid labile group-substituted carboxyl group and/or recurring units (b2) having an acid labile group-substituted phenolic hydroxyl group. The resist composition suppresses acid diffusion, exhibits a high resolution, and forms a pattern of satisfactory profile with low edge roughness.

Abstract: A method includes rotating a wafer at a first speed for a first time duration. The wafer is rotated at a second speed that is lower than the first speed for a second time duration after the first time duration. The wafer is rotated at a third speed that is higher than the second speed for a third time duration after the second time duration. A photoresist is dispensed on the wafer during the first time duration and at least a portion of a time interval that includes the second time duration and the third time duration.

Abstract: A method of making a relief image printing element from a photosensitive printing blank is provided. A photosensitive printing blank with a laser ablatable layer disposed on at least one photocurable layer is ablated with a laser to create an in situ mask. The printing blank is then exposed to at least one source of actinic radiation through the in situ mask to selectively cross link and cure portions of the photocurable layer. Diffusion of air into the at least one photocurable layer is limited during the exposing step and preferably at least one of the type, power and incident angle of illumination of the at least one source of actinic radiation is altered during the exposure step. The resulting relief image comprises a plurality of dots and a dot shape of the plurality of dots that provide optimal print performance on various substrates, including corrugated board.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus, in particular for operation in the EUV, comprising a mirror arrangement composed of a plurality of mutually independently adjustable mirror elements, and at least one polarization-influencing arrangement arranged upstream of the mirror arrangement relative to the light propagation direction, wherein the polarization-influencing arrangement has a group of first reflection surfaces and a group of second reflection surfaces, wherein the first reflection surfaces are tiltable independently of one another, and wherein, during the operation of the optical system, light reflected at respectively one of the first reflection surfaces can be directed onto the mirror arrangement via respectively a different one of the second reflection surfaces depending on the tilting of the first reflection surface.

Abstract: A projection exposure system (10) for microlithography. The system includes projection optics (12) configured to image mask structures into a substrate plane (16), an input diffraction element (28) which is configured to convert irradiated measurement radiation (21) into at least two test waves (30) directed onto the projection optics (12) with differing propagation directions, a detection diffraction element (34; 28) which is disposed in the optical path of the test waves (30) after the latter have passed through the projection optics (12) and is configured to produce a detection beam (36) from the test waves (30) which has a mixture of radiation portions of both test waves (30), a photo detector (38) disposed in the optical path of the detection beam (36) which is configured to record the radiation intensity of the detection beam (36), time resolved, and an evaluation unit which is configured to determine the lateral imaging stability of the projection optics (12) from the radiation intensity recorded.

Abstract: The invention concerns a projection objective of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus designed for EUV, for imaging an object plane illuminated in operation of the projection exposure apparatus into an image plane. The projection objective has at least one mirror segment arrangement comprising a plurality of separate mirror segments. Associated with the mirror segments of the same mirror segment arrangement are partial beam paths which are different from each other and which respectively provide for imaging of the object plane (OP) into the image plane (IP). The partial beam paths are superposed in the image plane (IP). At least two partial beams which are superposed in the same point in the image plane (IP) were reflected by different mirror segments of the same mirror segment arrangement.

Abstract: Methods of micro- and nano-patterning substrates to form transparent conductive electrode structures or polarizers by continuous near-field optical nanolithography methods using a roll-type photomask or phase-shift mask are provided. In such methods, a near-field optical nanolithography technique uses a phase-shift or photo-mask roller that comprises a rigid patterned externally exposed surface that transfers a pattern to an underlying substrate. The roller device may have an internally disposed radiation source that generates radiation that passes through the rigid patterned surface to the substrate during the patterning process. Sub-wavelength resolution is achieved using near-field exposure of photoresist material through the cylindrical rigid phase-mask, allowing dynamic and high throughput continuous patterning.