Abstract: Negative pressure wound therapy sponges that are custom-fabricated to fit a given wound to be treated, corresponding methods of creating said sponges in situ or external to a wound, and related systems for performing negative pressure wound therapy using said sponges. Exemplary sponge embodiments may have pressure-sensing capabilities.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus are disclosed for dressing a wound. The apparatus comprises a liquid and gas permeable transmission layer, an absorbent layer for absorbing wound exudate, the absorbent layer overlying the transmission layer, a gas impermeable cover layer overlying the absorbent layer and comprising a first orifice, wherein the cover layer is moisture vapor permeable.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a wearable article 20 continuous in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction comprising a main body 38 and a ring-like elastic belt 40 comprising an outer cover layer 42 at the most garment-facing side and a backsheet 60 attached to the skin-facing surface of the outer cover layer 42; wherein the longitudinal length of the outer cover layer 42 is longer than the longitudinal length of the crotch panel 56 and shorter than the longitudinal length of the backsheet 60; and further comprising: a front belt artwork region 40F disposed on the front waist panel 52 where the outer cover layer 42 is absent; and a back belt artwork region 40B disposed on the back waist panel 54 where the outer cover layer 42 is absent; and wherein one or both of the front belt artwork region 40F and the back belt artwork region 40B comprises a belt artwork 40A; a transitional region 34F, 34B disposed on the front waist panel 52 and the back waist panel 54 where the outer cover layer 42 exi

Abstract: Disclosed is a wearable article 20 comprising a main body 38 and a ring-like elastic belt 40 comprising a front belt and a back belt each formed by an inner sheet, an outer sheet, and a plurality of elastic bodies sandwiched therebetween and running in the transverse direction substantially parallel to each other, and at least a portion of the elasticity of at least some of the elastic bodies are removed of its elasticity, the transverse width of the elastic body having the longest length removed of its elasticity defined as a maximum elastic cut window; wherein the length of the article along the longitudinal axis is from 300 mm to 440 mm; and the maximum elastic cut window is less than 100 mm.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to assembling, advancing, reorienting, and/or transferring stretched elastic parts during the assembly of absorbent articles. As described herein, a transfer assembly reorients a stretched elastic part from a first orientation, wherein the direction of stretch is generally parallel to the machine direction, to a second orientation, wherein the direction of stretch is generally perpendicular to the machine direction. The reoriented elastic part is then transferred to a carrier while maintaining the stretched condition of the elastic part. The orientation and/or configuration of vacuum apertures in a carrier surface relative to the direction of stretch of the elastic part and relative to the machine direction helps to prevent the elastic part from contracting, while at the same time helps to allow the elastic part to slide off the carrier surface without snagging and/or sticking to aperture perimeter edges.

Abstract: A pull-on disposable absorbent article comprising front and rear elastomeric belts each comprising first and second belt substrates, each substrate comprising at least one nonwoven layer; and a center chassis comprising at least one nonwoven layer and at least one film layer; wherein a graphic is disposed on a surface of the film layer of the center chassis and/or a graphic is disposed on the nonwoven layer of the first and/or second belts.

Abstract: Absorbent articles including sanitary napkins, panty liners and incontinence pads, wherein an end portion in the longitudinal direction of the absorbent article is reduced from rising by the contraction force of an elastic stretchable member, and the absorption performance is improved and lateral leakage is prevented. In FIG. 5, a sanitary napkin 1 includes a side nonwoven fabric 7 that has an absorber 4 interposed between a permeable front sheet 3 and an impermeable back sheet 2 and forms a solid gather BS rising on each of both side portions on a skin side by a contraction force due to an elastic stretchable member 14.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed, in part, to an absorbent article comprising a liquid permeable topsheet, a liquid impermeable backsheet, and an absorbent core positioned at least partially intermediate the liquid permeable topsheet and the liquid impermeable backsheet. The absorbent article may include a substantially laterally-extending separation element defining a visual front portion and a visual back portion on a wearer-facing surface of the absorbent article. The liquid permeable topsheet may include a first zone in the visual front portion that includes a first geometric treatment and a second zone in the visual back portion that includes a second geometric treatment.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wearable article 20 comprising a main body 38 and a ring-like elastic belt 40 comprising a front belt 84 and a back belt 86 formed by a plurality of elastic bodies, at least some of the elastic bodies removed of its elasticity by an elastic cut window; the front and back belt each having a set of elastic cut windows, the transverse width of the elastic body having the longest length removed of its elasticity defined as a maximum elastic cut window 24W; wherein the maximum elastic cut window of the back belt is greater than the maximum elastic cut window of the front belt.

Abstract: An elastic film having an elastic film layer based on styrene block copolymer, such that the elastic film layer is formed from a first styrene block copolymer and a second styrene block copolymer without the addition of polystyrene. The first styrene block copolymer has a styrene portion of less than 25% by weight and the second styrene block copolymer has a styrene portion of more than 26% by weight. A ratio of the first styrene block copolymer to the second styrene block copolymer is between 6:1 and 2:3.

Abstract: The present invention addresses the problem of improving quick-drying properties of a top sheet at a part that often contacts with the skin of a wearer. A top sheet (10) for absorbent articles comprises an upper layer sheet (11), a lower layer sheet (12), multiple bonded parts (40) at which the sheets (11, 12) are bonded to each other, and multiple unbonded parts (50) which are surrounded by the multiple bonded parts (40). Each of the unbonded parts (50) has a larger area (51) that has a relatively large area and a smaller area (52) that has a relatively small area and is extended in one direction from the larger area (51). The upper layer sheet (11) is protruded convexly in the larger areas (51) and the smaller areas (52).

Abstract: A soiled undergarment disposal container is provided. The soiled undergarment disposal container includes a bag for housing a soiled undergarment and a sealable closure for sealing the bag. A resizing mechanism including a one-way degassing valve is provided to extract air from the bag, when sealed, upon application of a force on the bag by a user, and a plurality of studs each sized and shaped to fit into and close an air extraction aperture of the one-way degassing valve. The position and shape of the studs provides multiple sizing options for securing the folded or rolled sealed bag containing different soiled undergarment products. The bag in a compact state is configured for concealed transport of the soiled undergarment under or within a user's clothing, and/or within a user's handbag, purse, bag.

Abstract: A method of making a mechanical fastener. The method includes providing a slit web having mechanical fastening elements, applying tension to the slit web in the machine direction, and spreading the slit web in the cross-machine direction by moving the slit web over a crowned surface to provide a spread mechanical fastening web. The slit web includes a plurality of interrupted slits that are interrupted by intact bridging regions of the web. The crowned surface may be an air bearing, or at least a portion of the crowned surface is a low-friction surface, and the crowned surface and the slit web are not moving at the same speed in the same direction. The crowned surface may be provided with at least one ridge.

Abstract: Disclosed is an array 1 of wearable articles 20, each article comprising a main body 38 and a ring-like elastic belt 40 comprising a front belt and a back belt wherein at least the front belt or the back belt is an elastic member having an elastic member width in the transverse direction and a non-elastic region; wherein a first elastic member of a first article comprises a first non-elastic region; a second elastic member of a second article comprises a second non-elastic region; a third elastic member of a third article comprises a third non-elastic region; wherein the elastic member width of the first, second, and third elastic members are the same; and the first, second, and third non-elastic regions are different from each other.

Abstract: A portable wheelchair is collapsible for ease of development, handling and transport, while also providing a front steer configuration and a rear steer configuration.

Abstract: A seating system, particularly suited for personal mobility vehicles, such as wheelchairs, includes a seat cushion having pressure relieving properties and enhanced thermal conduction properties. The seat cushion includes a thixotropic fluid contained within a flexible envelope. The thixotropic fluid includes nanoparticles that enhance the thermal conduction properties of the seat cushion to increase heat transfer from a seated user to provide a reduced temperature sensory effect.

Abstract: A waste collection system for collecting feces includes a bedpan. A liner is removably positioned within the bedpan. The liner may capture feces deposited into the bedpan thereby facilitating the feces to be removed from the bedpan. The liner has a bag portion and a skirt portion. The skirt portion is removable from the bag portion.

Abstract: A securing element for securing a spindle in a bushing, in particular for a medical stand device, includes a supporting portion configured to arrange the securing element in a predefined axial position on a supporting apparatus of the stand device, and an engagement portion configured to interact with a spindle rotatably supportable about an axis of rotation in the supporting apparatus, or a pin of the stand device, to secure the spindle or pin in a predefined axial position relative to the supporting apparatus rotatably within the supporting apparatus. The securing element can be supported in at least one radial position on the supporting apparatus, in particular in a mounting preparation position and/or a securing position, wherein the engagement portion is configured to interact with the spindle or the pin by engagement in the radial direction, in particular in the securing position.

Abstract: A shelf assembly comprises a shelf, an arm having a distal end and a proximal end, a first pivot connection between the shelf and the distal end of the arm, and a second pivot connection between the proximal end of the arm and a base. The base comprises a drawer movable in translation between at least a storage position and an operating position. A cabinet for a swing-out shelf is also described.

Abstract: A cervical traction device is provided. A frame presents an anterior support under the maxilla of a user, while a posterior support is applied to the lower portion of the occiput of the user. Thus, pressure is avoided on the potentially unstable mandible, and the lower and upper teeth are not compressed against one another. A series of suspension points on the frame allows the angle at which traction may be applied to the cervical vertebrae to be varied.

Abstract: The invention according to the application relates to a locomotion therapy and rehabilitation device developed for patients whose locomotion function is either lost or declined due to spinal disorders, orthopaedic surgeries and central nervous system disorders to redevelop and improve their walking ability.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mobility device (100) comprising a top segment (101) and a bottom segment (102) including a first end (103) and a second end (104), the first end (103) being joined to the top segment (101). The bottom segment (102) includes a curved portion (105) positioned between the first and the second ends, wherein the curved portion (105) is adapted to define an energy storing state and an energy releasing state.

Abstract: A combination crutch and knee walker device converts between a rolling knee walker configuration and a crutch configuration through a single folding or expanding articulation that requires no tools or skillset. The device includes a first support bar that forms the primary lever of support. A second support bar pivotally joins the first support bar at a hinged junction, generally three-quarters down from the top of the first support bar. The support bars fold and expand about the hinged junction to convert between crutch and knee walker. A panel hingedly joins at the hinged junction serving as a supportive platform for an upper body, such as the arm or the knee, depending on the crutch or knee walker configuration. Further, the mobility function, such as rolling rollers, will restrict or free rotation depending on the selected configuration of the device.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that affect vacuum to massage a volume of the skin and one or more types of skin treatment energies coupled to the massaged volume to treat the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue and produce a desired treatment effect. The method and apparatus are based on coupling an array or a number of arrays being an assembly of skin treatment units with each skin treatment unit including a hollow cavity and a number of different energy to skin applying elements operative to receive skin treatment energy from a source of such energy and couple or apply the received energy to a treated segment of skin.

Abstract: Method for assessing and preferably ameliorating the symptoms of a medical condition, optionally lymphedema, comprising obtaining a preferably both electrically powered and portable treatment apparatus capable of contacting, via a treatment head, a target area on the skin of a patient and introducing low-pressure suction thereto, wherein the apparatus, preferably the treatment head thereof, contains at least one sensor element to measure at least one physiological characteristic regarding the tissue underlying the target area of the patient, preferably indicative of fluid content thereof, and applying the treatment apparatus to the patient to measure said at least one physiological characteristic. A treatment apparatus for executing the method is presented.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic elastic hairdressing massage comb, which includes a circle of outer non-electric conductive adiabatic gears with a certain interval space arranged around a working face of the shell and a heat conductive comb body layer arranged at the inner of the non-electric conductive adiabatic gear circle, on which several lattice arrayed magnetic elastic moving gears are set. Said magnetic elastic moving gears are hollow heat conductive gears. A heat resistant magnetic body X is fixed in the bottom of the hollow heat conductive gear body. On the upside of X, a heat resistant magnetic body Y is arranged with X with like poles facing each other. The top of Y is connected to a small high-temperature resistant adiabatic column, which stretches out of the opening at the top of said hollow heat guide gears.

Abstract: A massage device includes a plurality of massage rollers including a first-end massage roller, a second-end massage roller, and at least one intermediate massage roller, each massage roller having a spherical shape and being rotatable about a roller axis. Further, the device may be constructed of a coated sponge material for a smooth finish to resist sweat or dirt. The massage balls may have bump and pits to facilitate muscle and tissue stimulation. The massage device is useful in the administration of deep-tissue massage. The device may be used to massage many different minor muscle groups located in the hands and feet, as well a major muscle groups in the upper and lower back, and legs.

Abstract: A doll is provided. The doll includes a layer of skin formed from a first material to simulate human skin. The skin has an interior side and an exterior side. The doll also includes a chamber enclosed by the layer of skin with the interior side of the skin facing the chamber. The doll further includes a filler made of a second material, different from the first material. The filler fills the space within the chamber. The skin is formed by placing the melted first material in a first mold configured to have an inside contour resembling a human body or body part up to a certain level of the first mold and, when the melted first material solidifies, removing certain amount of the melted first material such that the remaining first material in the first mold forms the skin with a thickness in the first mold.

Abstract: A therapeutic apparel article is configured with a supple wearable fabric article that can be configured over limb or nub of an amputated limb. The therapeutic apparel article is configured with a plurality of nodes for detachably attaching vibrating devices thereto. In addition, a control unit having a power source may be detachably attached to the wearable fabric article. A conductive network may extend from the control unit and/or the power source to provide electrical power to the nodes and the vibrating devices attached. A user may attach vibrating devices to various nodes of the wearable fabric article as desired. In addition, the vibrating devices and the control unit can be detached from the wearable fabric article to enable the wearable fabric article to be washed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a whirlpool bathtub, in which the mounting structure of a whirlpool spa motor pump is improved such that the attachment and detachment of the whirlpool spa motor pump can be conveniently carried out inside the bathtub. To this end, the present invention includes a lower housing having an upper flange and a lower flange, an impeller for rotating by a motor, which is provided to the lower housing, so as to generate suction force, an upper housing coupled to an upper portion of the lower housing by a coupling means and having a suction holes and a discharge holes, two or more slider rails vertically provided on the outside of the lower housing, a mounting bolt provided to the upper and lower flanges, so as to be positioned at one side of the slider rail, a slider fitted with the mounting bolt, and a slider holder inserted into the slider so as to be screw-coupled with the mounting bolt.

Abstract: A wearable soaking garment. The garment adapted to be worn by a user around their pelvic region. The garment forming a cavity for the placement of water and allowing a user to comfortably soak the pelvic region, similar to a Sitz Bath.

Abstract: Provided is a hot-heat treatment machine for healing the spine and limb of a human body, operated by using air pressure and configured by dividing an elevating member inside the hot-heat treatment machine into two separated layers of air members such as the upper and lower parts and forming an air guide to connect the upper and lower parts of air members with each other by injected air there into, and when air is injected into the air members and the air guide, which are expanded and blown up and then, vertically elevate up the fix frame having upwardly-protruded knobs for acupressure thereon with well balanced without distortion or twist, the acupressure protrusions provide acupressure on the spine and the aching portion of a human body, thereby eliminating noise due to mechanical engagement and components movement, and effectively applying acupressure to suit a user's body type and size.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition of polyethylene glycol in solid powder form contained within a polymer bag having an opening. The invention also provides a method for administering a pharmaceutical composition of polyethylene glycol in solid powder form. The method includes providing a polymer bag containing the pharmaceutical composition of polyethylene glycol and adding a fluid to the bag. The polymer bag has a threaded spout and a cap threadably mountable to the spout. The threaded spout forms a passageway to an interior volume of the bag.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments include portable devices for cold chain storage and methods of fabricating portable devices for cold chain storage. In an illustrative embodiment, a portable device for cold chain storage includes a container defining therein a storage region. The container includes an inner cylinder, and the storage region is defined coaxially inwardly of the inner cylinder. The inner cylinder includes phase change material disposed therein, and the phase change material is in thermal communication with the storage region. The inner cylinder also includes evaporative coils disposed therein. The evaporative coils are embedded in the phase change material. The container also includes a thermally insulated outer cylinder. An outer wall of the outer cylinder is disposed radially outwardly of an outer wall of the inner cylinder.

Abstract: A device for mixing a first substance and a second substance, or for transferring at least one of the substances, which are present in a first or second receptacle, the device including a first adapter with a circumferential wall, along which extends a cannula body, and a hollow-cylindrical section that is connected to the cannula body; a second adapter with a circumferential wall, along which extends a cannula body; and a hollow-cylindrical section that is connected to the cannula body; when the first and the second adapter are assembled, the hollow-cylindrical sections inter-engage in a liquid-tight manner, and the first and the second adapter are connected to each other in a detachably screwed manner.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid medication dispensing machine that can shorten the time to supply a liquid medication to a prescription bottle. The liquid medication dispensing machine is a liquid medication dispensing machine supplying a liquid medication from a liquid medication bottle containing the liquid medication to a prescription bottle, including a liquid medication stirring unit that stirs the liquid medication in the liquid medication bottle, a bottle holding unit that holds a plurality of liquid medication bottles including a first bottle containing a liquid medication G and a second bottle containing a liquid medication B, and a control unit that controls operation of the liquid medication dispensing machine. The control unit operates the liquid medication stirring unit to stir liquid medication B while liquid medication G is supplied from the first bottle to the prescription bottle.

Abstract: Gastric and intestinal feeding tube devices and methods can be enhanced to provide better patient outcomes. For example, this document provides gastric and intestinal feeding tube devices that include an external bumper with pressure sensors and pressure indicators that facilitate usage of the feeding tube devices within an appropriate range of skin surface pressure. This document also provides external bumpers with deflectable elements that facilitate the application of a controlled amount of force between the external bumpers and the skin surface.

Abstract: A device for rinsing a child's mouth and teeth comprising a pliable vessel having a front end, a back end, and side walls defining a hollow interior space inside the vessel. The side walls contain a first depression near the front end and a second depression opposite the first notch. The first depression contains at least one front opening in fluid communication with the interior space, angled to face the front surface of the top teeth, and at least one back opening positioned closer to the front end from the front opening, in fluid communication with the interior space, angled to face the back surface of the top teeth. A removable cap to removably close the vessel mounted at the back end.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dental polymerizable composition that requires less discharging force, is easily formable, has low polymerization shrinkage stress during curing, and exhibits high stain resistance and surface gloss when cured. The present invention relates to a dental polymerizable composition including a (meth)acrylic block copolymer (A), a polymerizable monomer (B), and a polymerization initiator (C). The (meth)acrylic block copolymer (A) consists of a (meth)acrylic polymer block (a) having a curable functional group and a (meth)acrylic polymer block (b) having no curable functional group.

Abstract: A composition, especially a cosmetic composition, for making up and/or caring for keratin materials, in particular the skin and/or the lips, and keratin fibres, especially the eyebrows, comprising at least one aqueous phase gelled with at least one hydrophilic gelling agent, and at least one oily phase gelled with at least one lipophilic gelling agent, said phases forming therein a macroscopically homogeneous mixture and said composition also comprising at least one hydrophobic film-forming polymer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cosmetic spray consisting of a) an oil-in-water emulsion (0/W emulsion) containing sodium stearoyl glutamate and b) a spray applicator system.

Abstract: The invention relates to hair bleaching compositions comprising persulfate ions, alkalizing agents, high-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG), rheological agents and silicates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pigment mixture based on at least two components A and B, where component A is a mixture of flake-form and spherical substrates which is covered with one or more inorganic layers and/or organic layers, and component B comprises crystalline or amorphous particles selected from the group of the metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal oxyhalides, Prussian Blue or mixtures thereof, and to the use thereof in paints, coatings, printing inks, security printing inks, plastics, ceramic materials, glasses, in cosmetic formulations, as tracer, as filler and for the preparation of pigment preparations and dry preparations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aerosol compositions for body care, comprising: a) at least one propellant, and b) a composition A, which comprises (i) at least one perspiration-inhibiting antiperspirant active ingredient, (ii) at least one hydrophobized clay material, and (iii) propylene carbonate, wherein the weight ratio of the propylene carbonate (iii) to the hydrophobized clay material (ii) is 1.75:1.00 to 2.00:1.00. The invention furthermore relates to the cosmetic use of a mixture of propylene carbonate (iii) and at least one hydrophobized clay material (ii) at a weight ratio of (iii):(ii) of 1.75:1.00 to 2.00:1.00 in antiperspirant aerosol compositions for improving the delivery rate of the antiperspirant active ingredient(s) when sprayed onto the skin, and to a cosmetic, non-therapeutic method for reducing or masking body odor in which an aerosol composition according to the invention is sprayed onto the skin.

Abstract: Improved compositions for use during shaving of hair are disclosed as well as methods that employ such improved compositions for shaving. These improved compositions and methods may help to reduce irritation of skin during shaving, reduce irritation of skin after shaving, increase the lifetime of razors used for shaving and/or decrease the quantity of composition needed for each act of shaving.

Abstract: Desensitizing oral care composition useful for treating dentinal hypersensitivity, comprising potassium oxalate and methods of use thereof. Delivery systems including a strip of material and such oral care compositions for the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity and methods of use thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition comprising: one or more dicarbonyl derivatives corresponding to formula (I) below, and/or derivatives thereof and/or hydrates thereof and/or salts thereof: in which formula (I) R=H, COOH, linear or branched C1-C6 alkyl which is optionally substituted with an OH or COOH or Br radical; phenyl or benzyl optionally substituted with an OH or COOH radical; or alternatively an indolyl radical or one or more silanes corresponding to formula (II) below and/or oligomers thereof: R1Si(OR2)z(R3)x(OH)y??(II) in which formula (II): R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, cyclic or acyclic C1-C6 hydrocarbon-based chain substituted with a group chosen from the following groups: amine NH2 or NHR (R=C1-C20 and especially C1-C6 alkyl optionally substituted with a radical comprising a silicon atom, C3-C40 cycloalkyl or C6-C30 aromatic), or with a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, an aryl or aryloxy group which is unsubstituted or subst

Abstract: Disclosed is a hair conditioning composition comprising by weight: from about 1.0% to about 10% of a cationic surfactant being a combination of a mono-long alkyl amine and a mono-long alkyl quaternized ammonium salt; from about 2.5% to about 30% of a high melting point fatty compound; an aqueous carrier; and from about 0.15% to about 20% of a benefit material such as salicylic acid and 2-hexyl-1-decanol. The composition of the present invention provides improved softness to hair.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition comprising a UV filter combination of (a) at least one benzotriazole derivative corresponding to the formula wherein R1 is hydrogen; C1-C5alkyl; C1-C5alkoxy; or halogen; R2 is hydrogen; C1-C20alkyl; C1-C5alkoxy; C1-C5alkoxycarbonyl; C5-C10cycloalkyl; C5-C10aryl; or C5-C10aralkyl; R3 is C1-C20alkyl; C5-C10cycloalkyl; C1-C20alkoxy; or C5-C10cycloalkoxy; and R4 is hydrogen; or C1-C5alkyl; (b) at least one UV filter selected from (b1) benzylidene malonate UV filters; (b2) micronized 5,6,5?,6?-tetraphenyl-3,3?-(1,4-Phenylene)bis(1,2,4-Triazine) corresponding to the formula (b3) Benzoic acid, 4,4?-[[6-[[3-[1,3,3,3-tetramethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-1 disiloxanyl]propyl]amino]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl]diimino]bis-, dibutyl ester; and (b4) 2-Propenoic acid, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, 2-methylphenyl ester; and optionally (c) at least one UV filter selected from (c1) Bis-Ethylhexyloxyphenol Methoxyphenyl Triazine; (c2) Butyl Methoxydibe

Abstract: A malodor reducing composition is provided. The composition includes a perfume mixture including (a) at least one odor-reducing material; and (b) at least one N-heterocycle selected from an aromatic N-heterocyclic moiety and N,S-heterocyclic moiety. The at least one odor-reducing material exhibits an Odor Value (OV) having a common decimal logarithm (log10OV) of greater than about 5.5.