Abstract: A nucleic acid sequence measuring method includes measuring fluorescence from the nucleic acid sequence measuring device supplied with a sample solution. The device includes a fluorescent probe added with a fluorescent molecule, and a quenching probe added with a quenching substance. The fluorescent probe and/or the quenching probe has a detection part detecting a predetermined nucleic acid sequence. Fluorescence from the fluorescent molecule is quenched by the quenching substance coupled with the fluorescent molecule when the hybridization between the detection target nucleic acid and the detection part has not occurred, and fluorescence is emitted from the fluorescent molecule separated from the quenching substance when the hybridization has occurred.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for detecting and/or quantifying vector backbone in a nucleic acid preparation comprising a polynucleotide of interest using amplification assays that amplify a junction located between the polynucleotide of interest and the vector backbone, under conditions whereby amplification can occur, wherein the junction comprises a recognition site for a nuclease, and detecting the absence of an amplification product, whereby the absence of the amplification product indicates low or no vector backbone and/or quantifying the amount of amplification product to determine the amount of vector backbone in the nucleic acid preparation.

Abstract: Particular aspects provide novel, high-throughput methods to quantify DNA methylation (e.g., at a single-base resolution) in an allele-specific manner. The methods comprise use of an allele-specific sequence polymorphism (e.g., allele-specific single nucleotide polymorphism; SNP) in sufficient proximity to a CpG methylation site to provide for distinguishing the methylation levels between two alleles. In particular aspects, after bisulfite modification, the genomic DNA region is PCR-amplified, and the product subjected to allele-specific pyrosequencing, and the percentage of methylation determined based on the percentage of cytosine to thymidine conversion. In further embodiments, MethyLight™ is used after bisulfite treatment. The inventive methodology has, for example, substantial utility for affording quantitative analyses in the regulation of analyses of X-inactivation, the allele-specific expression of genes (e.g., in the immune system) and junk DNA, etc.

Abstract: A disposable and inexpensive biological diagnostic cartridge for the amplification and detection of nucleic acids includes a configuration having a reaction pouch for amplification which is compressed by a flexible pump pouch for detection of the amplified reaction.

Abstract: A micro-liquid phase reaction method based on a substrate with a hydrophilic-hydrophobic patterned surface, including the following: applying a liquid phase system containing a hydrotropic substance and/or an amphipathic substance to a hydrophobic smooth plane in a sample-spotting manner to form an array of tiny droplets, subsequently removing the solvent in each droplet to bond the hydrotropic substance and/or amphipathic substance in each droplet to the hydrophobic smooth plane so as to form an array of hydrophilic bonding points, then moving an aqueous phase system or hydrophilic liquid phase system containing more than one reactants over the hydrophobic smooth plane, thereby forming island-like tiny reaction droplets at each hydrophilic bonding point, and finally under the set reaction conditions, reacting the reactants in each tiny reaction droplet.

Abstract: In relation to an automated nucleic acid processor and an automated nucleic acid processing method using a multi function dispensing unit, processing involving extraction and amplification of the nucleic acid, can be consistently, quickly and efficiently conducted at a low cost with the use of a multi function dispensing unit, while saving user's trouble without expanding the scale of the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods using constructs comprising a helicase and an additional polynucleotide binding moiety. The helicase is attached to the polynucleotide binding moiety and the construct has the ability to control the movement of a polynucleotide. The constructs can be used to control the movement of polynucleotides and are particularly useful for sequencing polynucleotides.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for sequencing nucleic acids, including sequencing nucleic acids in fluidic droplets. In one set of embodiments, the method employs sequencing by hybridization using droplets such as microfluidic droplets. In some embodiments, droplets are formed which include a target nucleic acid, a nucleic acid probe, and at least one identification element, such as a fluorescent particle. The nucleic acid probes that hybridize to the target nucleic acid are determined, in some instances, by determining the at least one identification element. The nucleic acid probes that hybridize to the target nucleic acid may be used to determine the sequence of the target nucleic acid. In certain instances, the microfluidic droplets are provided with reagents that modify the nucleic acid probe. In some cases, a droplet, such as those described above, is deformed such that the components of the droplets individually pass a target area.

Abstract: A method of sequencing a nucleic acid strand includes receiving particles having nucleic acid strands coupled to a polymer matrix, exposing the particles to a solution including a condensing agent, and applying the particles to a surface, the particles depositing on the surface.

Abstract: A technique for sequencing nucleic acids in an automated or semi-automated manner is disclosed. Sample arrays of a multitude of nucleic acid sites are processed in multiple cycles to add nucleotides to the material to be sequenced, detect the nucleotides added to sites, and to de-block the added nucleotides of blocking agents and tags used to identify the last added nucleotide. Multiple parameters of the system are monitored to enable diagnosis and correction of problems as they occur during sequencing of the samples. Quality control routines are run during sequencing to determine quality of samples, and quality of the data collected.

Abstract: Devices and methods that can detect and control an individual polymer in a mixture is acted upon by another compound, for example, an enzyme, in a nanopore are provided. The devices and methods also determine (˜>50 Hz) the nucleotide base sequence of a polynucleotide under feedback control or using signals generated by the interactions between the polynucleotide and the nanopore. The invention is of particular use in the fields of molecular biology, structural biology, cell biology, molecular switches, molecular circuits, and molecular computational devices, and the manufacture thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of identifying VDJ recombination products which comprises the use of sequence specific enrichment and specific restriction endonuclease enzymes or other DNA-shearing approaches to provide high resolution and high throughput interrogation of antigen receptor repertoires.

Abstract: Described herein is a method of determining lithium responsiveness in a bipolar disorder patient. The method includes obtaining a sample from a patient having bipolar disorder, and assaying the sample for the presence or absence of one or more glutamate decarboxylase-like 1 (GADL1) gene variants selected from the group consisting of a T allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17026688, a G allele of the SNP rs17026651, and GADL1 1VS8+48delG. The presence of one or more of the GADL1 gene variants indicates that the patient is responsive to lithium treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and biomarkers (e.g., epigenetic biomarkers) for detection of bladder cancer in biological samples (e.g., tissue samples, urine samples, urine sediments). In some embodiments, methods and biomarkers of the present invention find use in discriminating between bladder cancer, prostate cancer and renal epithelial tumors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a kit and nucleic acid chip for diagnosing bladder cancer using a bladder cancer-specific marker gene. More particularly, the invention relates to a kit and nucleic acid chip for diagnosing bladder cancer, which can detect the promoter methylation of a bladder cancer-specific gene, the promoter or exon region of which is methylated specifically in transformed cells of bladder cancer. The use of the diagnostic kit or nucleic acid chip of the invention enables diagnosis of bladder cancer at an early stage of transformation, thus enabling early diagnosis of bladder cancer, and can diagnose bladder cancer in a more accurate and rapid manner compared to a conventional method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining the presence of Mycobacterium avium complex nucleic acids in a biological sample. In particular, the mig gene of M. avium and the DT1 gene of M. intracellulare are detected, preferably following amplification. In addition, the method distinguishes between species of M. avium and M. intracellulare. Also described are oligonucleotides that can be used as primers to amplify target genes such as mig and DT1 genes and as probes as well as kits containing the oligonucleotide.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to an assay for detecting and differentiating multiple analytes, if present, in a single fluid sample, including devices and methods therefore.

Abstract: A method of testing a subject for a propensity to develop, diagnose, or treat ALSV-induced infection or cancer, comprising the steps of obtaining a cell, tissue, or fluid sample from the subject, processing the sample to isolate DNA from the sample, and examining the DNA isolated from the sample to detect the presence of the ALSV LTR. Preferably, the DNA is examined using a PCR-based assay with at least one primer set or any combination of the individual primers in first round or second round reactions from the group consisting of: J1F (SEQ ID NO: 22)/J1R (SEQ ID NO: 24), J1F (SEQ ID NO: 22)/J2R (SEQ ID NO: 25), J2F (SEQ ID NO: 23)/J1R (SEQ ID NO: 24), J2F (SEQ ID NO: 23)/J2R (SEQ ID NO: 25), J1F (SEQ ID NO: 22)/J3R (SEQ ID NO: 26), AL1D (SEQ ID NO: 1)/ALIVR1 (SEQ ID NO: 21), ALIVF1 (SEQ ID NO: 20)/ALIVR1 (SEQ ID NO: 21), AL1D (SEQ ID NO: 1)/NAL2B (SEQ ID NO: 18), ALIVF1 (SEQ ID NO: 20)/NAL2B (SEQ ID NO: 18), AL1D (SEQ ID NO: 1)/ALXB (SEQ ID NO: 19).

Abstract: Compositions comprising C5 and C6 saccharides of varying degrees of polymerization and low levels of undesirable impurities, such as compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen, or metals, are disclosed.

Abstract: Processing of a reaction product mixture containing at least one volatile organic compound as well as lignin, lignin derived compounds, and/or unextracted cellulose and hemicellulose using a recovery system comprising at least two flashers or at least one flasher and at least two reboilers. In a particular embodiment, the reaction product mixture comes from reactions involving deconstruction (or digestion) of biomass, particularly cellulosic biomass which contains various polysaccharides (e.g., carbohydrates) and lignin.

Abstract: A method of operating a shaft furnace includes inserting a mixture including anthracite coal and coke into a cavity defined by the furnace, and disposing a metal feedstock within the cavity. The method includes injecting natural gas at a natural gas flow rate and a first quantity of oxygen gas at a first oxygen gas flow rate into the cavity simultaneously through at least one burner. The method also includes driving a second quantity of oxygen gas at a supersonic oxygen gas flow rate into the cavity through at least one lance, wherein the supersonic oxygen gas flow rate is greater than the first oxygen gas flow rate. The method also includes combusting the mixture within the cavity to produce a stack gas, melting the metal feedstock to produce a melted metal material, and monitoring the stack gas to thereby operate the shaft furnace. A shaft furnace is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a hot-rolled steel sheet, an average pole density of an orientation group of {100}<011> to {223}<110>, which is represented by an arithmetic average of pole density of each orientation of {100}<011>, {116}<110>, {114}<110>, {112}<110>, and {223}<110> in a center portion of a sheet thickness which is a range of the sheet thickness of ? to ? from a surface of the steel sheet, is 1.0 or more and 4.0 or less, the pole density of a crystal orientation of {332}<113> is 1.0 or more and 4.8 or less, an average grain size in a center in the sheet thickness is 10 ?m or less, and a microstructure includes, by a structural fraction, pearlite more than 6% and ferrite in the balance.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a plate, a band, or a coil of hot-rolled steel is provided. The method includes providing an ingot or a slab of steel with a desired composition and a microstructure composed of austenite and 35 to 65% ferrite by volume and hot rolling the ingot or slab at a temperature between 1150 and 1280° C. to obtain a plate, a band or a coil. A method for manufacturing a hot-rolled bar or wire of steel, a steel profile and a forged steel piece are also provided.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for the reduction of metal oxides to form metalized material by contact with hot reducing gas, which is produced at least partially by catalytic reformation of a mixture of—a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or steam (H2O) with—gaseous hydrocarbons, the fuel gas for burners which provide the heat for the endothermal reformation processes which take place during the reformation is obtained at least partially from a partial quantity of the top gas produced during the reduction of metal oxides to form metalized material, wherein this partial quantity of the top gas, before it is used as a component of the fuel gas, is firstly subjected to dedusting and then to a CO conversion reaction, and the conversion gas obtained during the CO conversion reaction is subjected to CO2 removal after cooling.

Abstract: Provided is a method for recycling indium from a panel on which an electrode layer made of indium tin oxide (ITO) is formed, comprising: S1 —removing each of pattern layers on the panel to obtain particles formed by the pattern layers; S2 —adding an acid solution to the particles so as to dissolve the substances which can be dissolved in the acid solution, and then filtering to give a solution containing indium ion; S3 —adding an alkaline solution to the solution obtained in step S2, so that metal ions other than indium ion can form precipitates with hydroxyl ion; S4 —filtering off the precipitates formed in step S3; and S5 —evaporating the solution obtained in step S4 to obtain crystals of indium salt. The method improves the reusing rate of the defective panels, is helpful to environment protection, and saves resources.

Abstract: A method of purifying yttrium involves purifying element yttrium by high-temperature saturated dissolution, low-temperature recrystallization, high-temperature reduction and vaporization-based removal of impurities, in a simple manner, and at a low cost, such that yttrium element is unlikely to be contaminated by any raw material used in a manufacturing process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a heat resistant titanium alloy sheet excellent in cold workability having high temperature strength characteristics better than JIS Class 2 pure titanium and having a cold workability and high temperature oxidation resistance equal to or better than that of JIS Class 2 pure titanium and a method of production of the same, that is, a heat resistant titanium alloy sheet excellent in cold workability characterized by comprising, by mass %, 0.3 to 1.8% of Cu, 0.18% or less of oxygen, 0.30% or less of Fe, and, as needed, at least one of Sn, Zr, Mo, Nb, and Cr in a total of 0.3 to 1.5%, and the balance of Ti and less than 0.3% of impurity elements and by a ?-phase and Ti2Cu-phase being included in a volume percentage of 0 to 2% and, further, a method of production of that titanium alloy sheet characterized by performing the final annealing at 630 to 850° C. in temperature range or performing the hot-rolled sheet or coil annealing or intermediate annealing at 630 to 850° C.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy including additions of scandium, zirconium, erbium and, optionally, silicon.

Abstract: An aluminum casting alloy contains Si: 3.0 wt.-% to 3.8 wt.-% Mg: 0.3 wt.-% to 0.6 wt.-% Cr: 0.25 wt.-% to 0.35 wt.-% Fe: <0.18 wt.-% Mn: <0.06 wt.-% Ti: <0.16 wt.-% Cu: <0.006 wt.-% Sr: 0.010 wt.-% to 0.030 wt.-% Zr: <0.006 wt.-% Zn: <0.006 wt.-% Contaminants: <0.1 wt.-%, and is supplemented to 100 wt.-%, in each instance, with Al.

Abstract: Articles containing a matrix material and plurality of copper nanoparticles in the matrix material that have been at least partially fused together are described. The copper nanoparticles are less than about 20 nm in size. Copper nanoparticles of this size become fused together at temperatures and pressures that are much lower than that of bulk copper. In general, the fusion temperatures decrease with increasing applied pressure and lowering of the size of the copper nanoparticles. The size of the copper nanoparticles can be varied by adjusting reaction conditions including, for example, surfactant systems, addition rates, and temperatures. Copper nanoparticles that have been at least partially fused together can form a thermally conductive percolation pathway in the matrix material.

Abstract: The invention provides a wear-resistant steel plate, which has the following chemical composition (wt. %): C: 0.08-0.21%, Si: 0.15-0.45%, Mn: 1.10-1.80%, P: ?0.015%, S: ?0.010%, Nb: 0.010-0.040%, Al: 0.010-0.080%, B: 0.0006-0.0014%, Ti: 0.005-0.050%, Ca: 0.0010-0.0080%, V?0.080%, Cr?0.60%, N?0.0080%, O?0.0060%, H?0.0004%, wherein 0.025%?Nb+Ti?0.080%, 0.030%?Al+Ti?0.12%, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. The invention also provides a method of manufacturing the wear-resistant steel plate, comprising smelting, casting, rolling, post-rolling direct cooling, inter alia. The wear-resistant steel plate obtained from the above composition and process has perfect weldability, high strength, high hardness, good low-temperature toughness, and excellent machinability, and is suitable for quick-wear devices in engineering and mining machinery, such as bucket, mining vehicle body and scraper transporter, etc.

Abstract: A high strength and high toughness cast steel material of the invention has a composition comprising 0.10 to 0.20% by mass of C, 0.10 to 0.50% by mass of Si, 0.40 to 1.20% by mass of Mn, 2.00 to 3.00% by mass of Ni, 0.20 to 0.70% by mass of Cr, and 0.10 to 0.50% by mass of Mo, and further comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities. The high strength and high toughness cast steel material of the invention is produced by subjecting an ingot having the above composition to annealing at 1,000 to 1,100° C., quenching at 850 to 950° C., tempering at 610 to 670° C., and then, if desired, stress-relief annealing at less than 610° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to applying a liquid to pasty hot-melt adhesive to a substrate (44), comprising a template (29), having at least one cavity (38) for the hot-melt adhesive, and also comprising an adhesive-transfer infeed (33), which is assigned to the template (29) and through which the adhesive can be introduced into the cavity (38). The special feature consists in that the apparatus (10) further comprises a transporting-fluid-supply opening (35), assigned to the template (29), and a device for displacing (13, 15), in particular pivoting, the template (29) between a first position, in which the cavity (38) is assigned to the adhesive-transfer infeed (33), and a second position, in which the cavity (38) is assigned to the transporting-fluid-supply opening (35), and therefore the adhesive, in the second position, can be discharged from the cavity (38) by a transporting fluid flowing through the transporting-fluid-supply opening (35).

Abstract: A metal workpiece, such as a wheel, and a method of providing an enhanced corrosion resistant surface coating on an exposed surface of a metal or alloy substrate (such as magnesium). A corrosion resistance basecoat is formed, including generating an oxide layer, and applying a first primer coating onto at least a portion of the oxide layer. The method may further include identifying highest corrosion prone areas on the substrate and designing a support rack that avoids contact with these corrosion prone areas. The method also includes forming a topcoat over at least a portion of the basecoat, by applying a second primer coating onto at least a portion of the first primer coating and depositing a sputtered metallic film onto the second primer coating using a physical vapor deposition technique. A clear coat layer may be applied over the metallic film.

Abstract: An article comprises a body and a conformal protective layer on at least one surface of the body. The conformal protective layer is a plasma resistant rare earth oxide film having a thickness of less than 1000 ?m, wherein the plasma resistant rare earth oxide has a composition of 40-45 mol % of Y2O3, 5-10 mol % of ZrO2, 35-40 mol % of Er2O3, 5-10 mol % of Gd2O3, and 5-15 mol % of SiO2.

Abstract: An apparatus for depositing an organic material includes: a main chamber; a first substrate loading section in which a first substrate is loaded in the first radial direction and seated; a second substrate loading section in which a second substrate is loaded in the second radial direction and seated; a scanner including a linear organic material deposition source, a source moving means to which the organic material deposition source is coupled to linearly move the organic material deposition source so that the organic material particles are injected onto the surface of the first substrate or the second substrate, and a rotating means for rotating the source moving means; and a scanner moving means for moving the scanner back and forth so that the scanner is positioned in the first deposition region or the second deposition region.

Abstract: A first device is provided. The device includes a print head. The print head further includes a first nozzle hermetically sealed to a first source of gas. The first nozzle has an aperture having a smallest dimension of 0.5 to 500 microns in a direction perpendicular to a flow direction of the first nozzle. At a distance from the aperture into the first nozzle that is 5 times the smallest dimension of the aperture of the first nozzle, the smallest dimension perpendicular to the flow direction is at least twice the smallest dimension of the aperture of the first nozzle.

Abstract: A hard coating layer on a cutting tool includes at least a Ti and Al complex nitride or carbonitride layer and has an average layer thickness of 1 to 20 ?m. In a case where a composition of the complex nitride or carbonitride layer is expressed by: (Ti1-xAlx)(CyN1-y), a content ratio x and a content ratio y satisfy 0.60?x?0.95 and 0?y?0.005, where x and y are in atomic ratio. Crystal grains constituting the complex nitride or carbonitride layer include cubic phase crystal grains and hexagonal phase crystal grains. An area ratio occupied by the cubic phase crystal grains is 30-80%. An average grain width W is 0.05-1.0 ?m. An average aspect ratio A of the crystal grains with the cubic grain structure is 5 or less. A periodic content ratio change of Ti and Al in (Ti1-xAlx)(CyN1-y) exists in each of the cubic phase crystal grains.

Abstract: A thin-film phosphor layer can be formed by an improved deposition method involving: (1) forming a phosphor powder layer that is substantially uniformly-deposited on a substrate surface; and (2) forming a polymer binder layer to fill gaps among loosely packed phosphor particles, thereby forming a substantially continuous layer of thin film.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of depositing films of material on multiple semiconductor substrates in a multi-station processing chamber. The methods may include loading a first set of one or more substrates into the processing chamber at a first set of one or more process stations and depositing film material onto the first set of substrates by performing N cycles of film deposition. Thereafter, the methods may further include transferring the first set of substrates from the first set of process stations to a second set of one or more process stations, loading a second set of one or more substrates at the first set of process stations, and depositing film material onto the first and second sets of substrates by performing N? cycles of film deposition, wherein N? is not equal to N. Also disclosed are apparatuses and computer-readable media which may be used to perform similar operations.

Abstract: Shielding coatings are applied to polymer substrates for selective metallization of the substrates. The shielding coatings include a primer component and a hydrophobic top coat. The primer is first applied to the polymer substrate followed by application of the top coat component. The shielding coating is then selectively etched to form an outline of a desired current pattern. A catalyst is applied to the patterned polymer substrate followed by electroless metal plating in the etched portions. The portions of the polymer substrate which contain the shielding coating inhibit electroless metal plating. The primers contain aromatic heterocyclic compounds and the top coat contains hydrophobic alky organic compounds.

Abstract: An aqueous acidic composition is provided for forming a chromium-containing chemical conversion coating on a member having an iron-based metal surface. The composition contains a water-soluble trivalent chromium-containing substance, a water-soluble zinc-containing substance, and a water-soluble polyvalent carboxylic acid compound. On the total composition basis, the water-soluble trivalent chromium-containing substance has a content of 60 mmol/L or more in terms of chromium, the water-soluble zinc-containing substance has a molar content in terms of zinc such that a ratio of the content is 0.6 or more to a molar content in terms of chromium of the water-soluble trivalent chromium-containing substance, and the water-soluble polyvalent carboxylic acid compound has a content of 55 mmol/L or more in terms of polyvalent carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A steel for a carburizing and a carburized steel component having a steel portion and a carburized layer with a thickness of more than 0.4 mm to less than 2 mm which is formed on an outside of the steel portion. A chemical composition of the steel for the carburizing and the steel portion of the carburized steel component satisfies simultaneously equations of a hardness parameter, a hardenability parameter, and a TiC precipitation parameter.

Abstract: Provided are a method for etching a metal or metal oxide without using a reagent, etc., that affects the environment, a method for smoothing a surface of a metal or metal oxide on an atomic level, and a method for patterning on an atomic level. Etching of a metal or metal oxide, or smoothing of a surface of a metal or metal oxide is possible using ozone water in which only ozone is dissolved. Patterning can also be performed by providing a metal that does not dissolve in the ozone water as a resist on a metal or metal oxide that can be etched by ozone water in which only ozone is dissolved, and etching using the ozone water.

Abstract: A method of removing copper oxide from copper surfaces is disclosed that comprises application of vapor generated by an ultrasonic wave nebulizer. The energized vapor droplets include water and a weak organic acid such as acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, uric acid, oxalic acid, or formic acid that have a vapor pressure proximate to that of water. The weak organic acid preferably has a pKa high enough to avoid Cu etching but is sufficiently acidic to remove copper oxide at a rate that is compatible with high throughput manufacturing. In one embodiment, weak acid/water vapor is applied to a substrate in a spin bowl and is followed by a deionized water rinse step in the same spin bowl. Improved wettability results in improved uniformity in subsequently plated copper films. Considerable cost savings is realized as a result of reduced chemical consumption and higher product yields.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to the field of electroplating and electroless plating. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to plating solutions and plating removal/stripping solutions for stripping zinc/nickel alloy plating from substrates.

Abstract: A system configured to provide cathodic protection to buried and/or submerged metal components and/or structures, such as pipes is disclosed. The system includes a cathodic protection apparatus having at least one upright support and a plurality of sacrificial anodes secured to the at least one upright support in a vertical orientation to provide variable cathodic protection to the metallic structures.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of electrochemical production of disinfectants, where a solution of alkaline metals is used as the electrolyte in the anode chamber. The invention offers a new design for electrolyzers, reducing power consumption in the production of disinfectants by known methods. As a result of this invention, power consumed in the production of 1 gram of active chlorine by known methods will be reduced by 20%, and the possibilities for producing disinfectants with active chlorine content 7500 ppm in an electrolyzer without channelling the water into external cooling devices will also expand.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of retrofitting of a membrane electrolysis cell, wherein a rigid cathode is shaped by plastic deformation of the regions in correspondence of cathodic supports; a pre-shaped conductive elastic element having compressed regions in correspondence of said cathodic supports is overlaid onto said rigid cathode; a flexible planar cathode provided with a catalytic coating is overlaid onto said conductive elastic element. The invention also concerns a correspondingly retrofitted electrolysis cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the electrolytic splitting of water using a carbon-supported manganese oxide (MnOx) composite. Specifically, the present electrolytic splitting of water is carried under neutral electrolyte conditions with a high electrolytic activity, while using an oxygen evolution reaction (OER)-electrode comprising the present carbon-supported MnOx composite. Next, the present invention relates to a process for producing such a carbon-supported MnOx composite as well as to a composite obtainable by the present process for producing the same and to an OER-electrode comprising the carbon-supported MnOx composite obtainable by the present process.