Abstract: A photomask includes a light transmission substrate, and a transfer pattern disposed over the light transmission substrate, a shape of the transfer pattern being transferred onto a wafer by an exposure process. The transfer pattern comprises a first transfer pattern having a closed loop shape and having a first thickness, and a plurality of second transfer patterns disposed in an opening surrounded by the first transfer pattern, the plurality of second transfer patterns being arrayed in a first direction such that adjacent second transfer patterns are spaced apart from each other by a first distance, the second transfer patterns having a second thickness which is less than the first thickness of the first transfer pattern.

Abstract: A method may include forming a first grating and a second grating, disposed in a region of vertical overlap of the first and second gratings on different levels, respectively, having substantially the same pitch, and inclined with respect to each other, such that a bias value between the first and second gratings is changed along a length direction of the first and second gratings, using a lithography process. A method may include emitting a beam to the first and second gratings; and obtaining trend information associated with a diffracted beam from an image pattern of a beam from the first and second gratings, using the emitted beam, in which the trend information may concern changes in the intensity of the diffracted beam according to the bias value. An overlay error in at least one grating may be determined based on the trend information and an intensity of a diffracted beam.

Abstract: A resist composition is provided comprising (A) a fluorine-containing polymer, (B) a base resin, (C) an acid generator, and (D) a solvent mixture of a first solvent which is a C5-C8 ketone, C4-C6 alcohol, C3-C6 ether or C4-C9 ester and a second solvent which is a lactone ring-containing C6-C9 compound. A pattern is formed by coating the resist composition, prebake, exposure, and development. In immersion lithography, the resist film is improved in water slip. In EB or EUV lithography, outgassing is suppressed and edge roughness is reduced.

Abstract: A photosensitive conductive paste contains conductive particles (A), a photosensitive organic compound (B), an epoxy resin (C) and an ion adsorbent (D) that is selected from the group consisting of hydrotalcite, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, zirconium oxide, magnesium silicate, silicon dioxide, zeolite and a carbon-based powder.

Abstract: A conductive paste can form a minute conductive pattern having markedly high adhesion and exhibiting conductivity at relatively low temperatures. The conductive paste contains: a compound (A) having a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, and a tertiary amino group; a compound (B) having a carboxyl group; and a conductive filler (C).

Abstract: A processing liquid supplying apparatus performs an ejecting step in which a processing liquid suctioned into a pump passes through a filter device and is ejected from an ejecting part without returning the processing liquid back to the pump; a returning step in which the processing liquid suctioned into the pump is returned to a processing liquid source side of a mixing section; and a replenishing step in which the processing liquid returned to the processing liquid source side is suctioned into the pump together with the processing liquid replenished from the processing liquid source. The processing liquid passes through the filter device in at least one of the returning step and the replenishing step. The amount of the processing liquid returned to the processing liquid source side in the returning step is larger than the amount of the processing liquid ejected from the ejecting part in the ejecting step.

Abstract: A method of forming a resist pattern including forming a first resist pattern on a substrate; applying a cross-linking composition so as to cover the first resist pattern; heating the covered first resist pattern and crosslinking an isocyanate group in the cross-linking composition with the first resist pattern; and developing the covered first resist pattern, wherein the cross-linking composition includes a blocked isocyanate compound having a protected isocyanate group.

Abstract: Disclosed is component for a radiation source, said radiation source being operable to generate radiation from a fuel, said component having a surface comprising a plurality of first regions that have a high wettability by said fuel, separated by second regions which have a low wettability by said fuel. Said component may comprise a screening element for a droplet generator or contamination trap, for example.

Abstract: A catadioptric projection objective images a pattern provided in an object plane of the projection objective onto an image plane of the projection objective. The projection objective includes first, second and third objective parts. The first objective part images the pattern into a first intermediate image. The second objective part images the first intermediate image into a second intermediate image. The third objective part images the second intermediate image onto the image plane. A first concave mirror having a first continuous mirror surface and at least one second concave mirror having a second continuous mirror surface are arranged upstream of the second intermediate image. Pupil surfaces are formed between the object plane and the first intermediate image, between the first and the second intermediate images and between the second intermediate image and the image plane. All concave mirrors are arranged optically remote from a pupil surface.

Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus for microlithography includes a projection lens which includes a plurality of optical elements for imaging mask structures onto a substrate during an exposure process. The projection exposure apparatus also includes at least one manipulator configured to change, as part of a manipulator actuation, the optical effects of at least one of the optical elements within the projection lens by changing a state variable of the optical element along a predetermined travel. The projection exposure apparatus further includes an algorithm generator configured to generate a travel generating optimization algorithm, adapted to at least one predetermined imaging parameter, on the basis of the at least one predetermined imaging parameter.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are used to form patterns on a substrate. The apparatus comprises a projection system, a patterning device, a low-pass filter, and a data manipulation device. The projection system projects a beam of radiation onto the substrate as an array of sub-beams. The patterning device modulates the sub-beams to substantially produce a requested dose pattern on the substrate. The low-pass filter operates on pattern data derived from the requested dose pattern in order to form a frequency-clipped target dose pattern that comprises only spatial frequency components below a selected threshold frequency. The data manipulation device produces a control signal comprising spot exposure intensities to be produced by the patterning device, based on a direct algebraic least-squares fit of the spot exposure intensities to the frequency-clipped target dose pattern. In various examples, filters can also be used.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which makes it possible to grasp such settings of a phase and a main scanning magnification of laser beams as reduce occurrence of moire, by visually checking a plurality of pattern images. Pattern images are formed using a laser beam irradiated from a reference light source and a laser beam irradiated from an adjustment target light source for which each of different phase values is set as a phase setting value. A phase relationship between the phases of the laser beams is adjusted based on the pattern images. Pattern images are formed using a laser beam irradiated from the adjustment target light source for which each of different magnification values is set as a magnification setting value. The magnification of the laser beams is adjusted based on these pattern images.

Abstract: A support device for an optical apparatus is disclosed. The support device includes first and second support elements. The support device also includes first and second flexure bearings. The first flexure bearing and the second flexure bearing each connect the first support element and the second support element to one another in a thermally conductive manner and hold the first support element in a manner movable in at least one first direction relative to the second support element. Spring forces generated by the first flexure bearing and the second flexure bearing partly or completely cancel one another out in the case of a movement of the first support element relative to the second support element in the first direction.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus exposes a substrate by projecting a pattern image onto the substrate through a liquid. The exposure apparatus includes a projection optical system by which the pattern image is projected onto the substrate, and a movable member which is movable relative to the projection optical system. A liquid-repellent member, at least a part of a surface of which is liquid-repellent, is provided detachably on the movable member, the liquid-repellent member being different from the substrate.

Abstract: A fluid handling structure for a lithographic apparatus is disclosed, the fluid handling structure successively has, at a boundary from a space configured to contain immersion fluid to a region external to the fluid handling structure: an elongate opening or a plurality of openings arranged in a first line that, in use, are directed towards a substrate and/or a substrate table configured to support the substrate; a gas knife device having an elongate aperture in a second line; and an elongate opening or a plurality of openings adjacent the gas knife device.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a high accuracy measurement system for focusing and leveling. The system determines an off-focus distance in the perpendicular direction within the exposure field and an inclination in the horizontal direction by measuring heights of four detection points on a substrate by using a four-channel detection method, thereby achieving focusing and leveling of the substrate. The detection of the substrate heights is implemented by a focusing method based on dual-channel light intensity modulation. Two superposed grating fringes are formed with phase difference of ?/2. The shift can be resolved by the phase variation of corresponding fringes. According to the method, the off-focus distance can be derived. The present disclosure effectively eliminates the error due to the intensity changes caused by the fluctuations of the source or the reflectance of the substrate surface. The apparatus for focusing and leveling is easy to be implemented and has an accuracy of nanoscale.

Abstract: A substrate is exposed with an illumination light via a projection optical system. A stage that holds the substrate moves below the projection optical system. A measurement system measures positional information of the stage with a plurality of heads that face a grating section. Movement of the stage is controlled based on the positional information measured with the measurement system, while compensating for a measurement error of the measurement system that occurs due to the heads.

Abstract: A lithography apparatus is disclosed, which comprises a mirror having at least two mirror segments which are joined together in such a way that an interspace is formed between the mirror segments, and a sensor for detecting the relative position of the mirror segments, wherein the sensor is arranged in the interspace between the mirror segments.

Abstract: A spray gun, which contains: a coating liquid nozzle configured to discharge a coating liquid from an outlet; and a flow channel forming member configured to surround an outer perimeter surface of the coating liquid nozzle to form an air flow channel, through which atomizing air passes, between the outer perimeter surface of the coating liquid nozzle and the flow channel forming member, wherein the spray gun is configured to atomize the coating liquid with the atomizing air to spray the atomized coating liquid to a coating target, wherein a gap T of the narrowest part of the air flow channel is 0.48 mm or smaller, and wherein a ratio T/L of the gap T to a distance L from the narrowest part to an apical surface at which the outlet of the coating liquid nozzle is open is 0.60 or greater.

Abstract: A photoconductor includes an electroconductive substrate; an undercoat layer overlying the electroconductive substrate; and a photosensitive layer overlying the undercoat layer. The undercoat layer includes a urethane resin, a metal oxide particle and a compound having the following formula (1): wherein R1 to R8 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a saturated or an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an aromatic hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent, an alkoxy group optionally having a substituent, an aryloxy group optionally having a substituent, a sulfo group optionally having a substituent, an amino group, a dialkylamino group optionally having a substituent or an diarylamino group optionally having a substituent; and R3 and R4, R4 and R5, R6 and R7, and R7 and R8 may be bonded with each other to form an aromatic ring.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate including an outer peripheral surface treated with a silazane; and a photosensitive layer on the outer peripheral surface of the conductive substrate. The photosensitive layer includes a charge generating material and a charge transporting material.

Abstract: The production process of the present invention includes: a first step of heating a dispersion containing an aqueous medium and a binder resin containing a crystalline resin to a temperature higher than or equal to the melting point of the crystalline resin in a step of aggregating and fusing a fine particle of the binder resin containing the crystalline resin to produce a toner base particle; a second step of cooling the dispersion having been heated in the first step and having a temperature higher than the recrystallization temperature Rc of the crystalline resin to a temperature lower than Rc at a temperature-lowering rate of 1° C./min or higher; and a third step of maintaining the dispersion having been cooled in the second step at a temperature higher than or equal to Rc?25° C. and lower than or equal to Rc?5° C. for 30 minutes or longer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a detection unit configured to detect a test pattern formed on an image carrier by image forming units; and an adjustment unit configured to control the image forming units to form the test pattern, and adjust relative positions of images based on a detection result of the test pattern. The adjustment unit is further configured to control the image forming units to form the test pattern after the image forming units have formed on the image carrier an image to be transferred to a sheet with a basis weight less than a threshold, and before the image forming units form on the image carrier an image to be transferred to a sheet with a basis weight greater than the threshold.

Abstract: A resistive film is applied to a conductive substrate. Ductile particles are disposed substantially uniformly throughout the resistive film. Brittleness of the resistive film is thereby reduced.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image processing unit and a switching unit. The image processing unit includes: a charging unit that is provided to face an image carrier and applies a direct current voltage on which an alternating voltage of a first frequency is superimposed to charge the image carrier; an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image on the charged image carrier with light scanning based on image information; a developing unit that develops the electrostatic latent image; and a transfer unit that transfers the developed image to a recording medium. When an image density based on the image information is greater than or equal to a specific image density, the switching unit switches a frequency of the alternating voltage at least during charging performed by the charging unit to a second frequency different from the first frequency.

Abstract: An image formation device in which an image carrier is charged by a charging member includes: a power source configured to supply a charge voltage to the charging member, the charge voltage being formed such that an AC voltage is superimposed on a DC voltage; a detection unit configured to detect an alternating current value flowing through the charging member; and a control unit configured to control a peak-to-peak voltage value of the AC voltage, wherein the control unit executes: first processing of sequentially supplying a plurality of charge voltages from the power source to the charging member in non-image formation; second processing of obtaining, from an alternating current value detection result, a third approximate function indicating a difference value between a first approximate function and a second approximate function; and third processing of determining one of different predetermined ranges and determining a peak-to-peak voltage value in image formation.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus including: a first moving member pressed and moved by an openable/closable member when the openable/closable member is opened, and switching a cartridge from a state where the cartridge is positioned in an image forming position to a state where the positioning is released; and a second moving member pressed and moved by the openable/closable member when the openable/closable member is opened, and moving the exposure member from an exposure position to a retracted position, wherein when the positioning of the cartridge is released, a reaction force applied from the first moving member to the openable/closable member reaches a first peak, when the exposure member is moved to the retracted position, a reaction force applied from the second moving member to the openable/closable member reaches a second peak, and timing of the first peak is different from timing of the second peak.

Abstract: An organic light emitting element contains an anode and a cathode, and a light emitting layer arranged between the anode and the cathode, and the organic light emitting element further contains an organic compound layer which is arranged between the cathode and the light emitting layer, and touches the cathode. The organic compound layer contains an organic compound represented by the following general formula [1], where R1 to R4 represent substituents.

Abstract: A developer container or a developing device including a sheet member having a plurality of holes and a plurality of protruded portions to be inserted into the holes.

Abstract: In a cartridge, a housing has a developer accommodating portion and includes a first side wall and a second side wall. A coupling member is disposed at a position opposite to the developer accommodating portion with respect to the first side wall. A detection body is disposed at a position opposite to the developer accommodating portion with respect to the second side wall. A first driving force transmission member is positioned at the same side with the coupling member with respect to the first side wall, and transmits driving force from the coupling member to a rotating member. A second driving force transmission member is positioned at the same side with the detection body with respect to the second side wall, and transmits driving force from the rotating member to the detection body.

Abstract: A developing device includes a storage portion, a developer carrying member, a stirring portion, a layer thickness restricting portion, and a guide portion. The guide portion is disposed between the stirring portion and the layer thickness restricting portion. The stirring portion faces the developer carrying member with a first gap between them. The layer thickness restricting portion faces the developer carrying member with a second gap between them. The guide portion includes a first guide surface and a second guide surface. On the first guide surface, convex portions or concave portions are formed. The first guide surface faces the stirring portion with, between them, a third gap that is a passage through which the developer passes toward the first gap. The second guide surface faces the developer carrying member with, between them, a fourth gap that is a passage through which the developer passes toward the second gap.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a developing portion, a first rotation control portion, and a second rotation control portion. The developing portion has a conveying member configured to convey a developer within a circulation-conveyance passage, and a reducing portion provided in the conveying member and configured to reduce an ability to convey the developer. The first rotation control portion is configured to rotate the conveying member at a predetermined first speed when a printing process is executed. The second rotation control portion is configured to suspend execution of the printing process and rotate the conveying member at a second speed lower than the first speed, when an average coverage rate per page of a printed matter having a predetermined reference number of consecutively printed pages exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A toner conveying device includes a toner replenishing tube extended upwardly/downwardly, a loosening member reciprocating upwardly/downwardly inside the replenishing tube, a toner conveying tube, a conveying member and a converting part. The conveying tube is extended in a crossing direction with the replenishing tube and communicates the replenishing tube and a toner containing part. The conveying member is arranged rotatably inside the conveying tube to convey a toner from the toner containing part to the replenishing tube. The converting part converts rotating movement of the conveying member to reciprocating movement of the loosening member. The loosening member includes a straight line portion and a protruded portion. The straight line portion is engaged with the conveying member via the converting part and extended downwardly along the replenishing tube. The protruded portion is continued from a lower end of the straight line portion, and bent and protruded in the crossing direction.

Abstract: A developing device has a developer container, a first stirring/transporting member, a second stirring/transporting member, a developer carrying member, a developer supply port, a developer discharge port, a regulating portion, and a height adjustment opening. The developer container has a partition partitioning between first and second transport chambers, and communication portions through which the first and second transport chambers mutually communicate. The first and second stirring/transporting members stir and transport developer in the first and second transport chambers in opposite directions respectively. The regulating portion regulates movement of the developer toward a developer discharge port. The height adjustment opening is formed in the partition, and when the height of the developer in the second transport chamber is equal to or higher than a predetermined height, part of the developer passes through the height adjustment opening and moves to the first transport chamber.

Abstract: A magnet roller employs a magnetic pole pattern in which a first magnetic pole arranged substantially opposing a regulating blade in an upstream side of a rotation direction of a developing sleeve and a second magnetic pole next to the first magnetic pole in the upstream side have the same polarity, an opposing member having surface roughness higher than at least a particle diameter of carrier is arranged opposing the magnet roller at a position where magnetic force between the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole next to the first magnetic pole in the upstream side is almost zero, and an apex of a partition wall provided between a developer bearing member and a developer conveying member provided in a first chamber is positioned below a region where magnetic force formed by the magnet roller is almost zero.

Abstract: A waste toner collecting device includes an intermediate collection box, a conveying path, a conveying screw, an exhaust path and a floating toner collection chamber. The conveying path is provided in the intermediate collection box. The conveying screw is rotatable in the conveying path. Through the exhaust path, air containing a floating toner is sucked and passed. The floating toner collection chamber is provided on a part of the exhaust path in the intermediate collection box. The floating toner collection chamber has a discharge opening opened to an inside of the intermediate collection box and a discharge door. Rotation of the conveying screw in a normal direction turns the discharge door into a storage position where the discharge opening is closed. Rotation of the conveying screw in a reverse direction turns the discharge door into a discharge position where the discharge opening is opened.

Abstract: A transfer apparatus includes an image bearing member, a transfer member, a cleaning-bias output section, a first resistance-state detector, a second resistance-state detector, and a controller configured to control the cleaning-bias output section based on a first resistance state and a second resistance state, so as to change timing of ending outputting of a cleaning bias.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer belt, multiple first type photoconductive drums, multiple first type transfer rollers, a second type photoconductive drum, a second type transfer roller, a roller, and a roller moving unit. The multiple first type transfer rollers are arranged at positions that face the multiple first type photoconductive drums. The second type photoconductive drum is arranged at a position where the drum surface of the second type photoconductive drum is not tangent to a common tangent plane. The roller is arranged on the inner peripheral side of the intermediate transfer belt and is arranged between the second type transfer roller and one first type transfer roller. The roller moving unit moves the roller by pressing the roller. The roller moving unit changes the state of abutting of the multiple first type photoconductive drums and the second type photoconductive drum.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a plurality of image forming units, a plurality of image bearers, a transfer device, and a controller. The image forming units form a process color toner image and a special color toner image. The transfer device transfers the process color toner image and the special color toner image from the image bearers onto the intermediate transfer member. The controller is configured to correct a transfer bias applied to transfer the special color toner image onto the intermediate transfer member. The controller is configured to decrease the bias in a special color mode in which image formation is performed with only a special color and increase the bias in a full color mode in which image formation is performed with the special color and a process color, according to a degree of degradation of a developer used to form the special color toner image.

Abstract: A fixing device includes an endless belt formed into a loop, a heater to heat the endless belt, a nip formation assembly disposed inside the loop, and a pressure rotator to press against the nip formation assembly to form a fixing nip between the endless belt and the pressure rotator. The nip formation assembly includes a pressure pad and a supplementary thermal conductor to conduct heat from the heater in an axial direction of the endless belt. The supplementary thermal conductor has an edge portion dimensioned to distance the supplementary thermal conductor from the endless belt at an end portion of a face over which the endless belt slides in a longitudinal direction of the supplementary thermal conductor. A distance between the edge portion of the supplementary thermal conductor and the endless belt increases toward an end portion of the endless belt in the axial direction thereof.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus which forms an image on a medium on the basis of an input image signal includes: an image carrier configured to carry a developed toner image transferred to the medium on a photoreceptor layer; a contact member arranged so as to be in contact with the surface of the photoreceptor layer; a trace pattern generating unit configured to generate a trace pattern indicating specific information on the image forming apparatus; a composition unit configured to add the trace pattern to the image signal; and an acquiring unit configured to acquire information on the thickness of the photoreceptor layer of the image carrier, wherein the trace pattern is used for arranging a plurality of image areas at respective positions, and the trace pattern generating unit is configured to generate the trace pattern with the image area whose size is reduced in accordance with reduction of the thickness of the photoreceptor layer.

Abstract: A position detection apparatus detects a position of a target in a predetermined direction. One end of a swinging member contacts the target, and the other end contacts a moving member. Sensors are arranged to output signals corresponding to a position of the moving member that corresponds to a position of the moving member. A detection unit detects the position of the target based on the output signals of the sensors. Measured parts are disposed on the moving member along loci of measuring positions of the sensors so that the sum total of the output signals becomes an even number. The detection unit determines that any one of the sensors failed in a case where the sum total of the output signals of the sensors is an odd number.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image on a continuous medium by a print process includes a control part, a process execution part, a control part and a measuring part. The measuring part measures an exposure dot number of each of light emitting elements and a print amount executed by the print process. The process execution part execute a discharge process to discharge developer accommodated in a development part to an outside after completion of a print process based on a most recent print job and before initiation of a print process based on a next print job after the most recent print job, and in the discharge process, the control part makes the exposure part execute light emission based on a discharge dot count value obtained using a measurement result measured by the measuring part during the print process based on the most recent print job.

Abstract: Even in a case where a master-CPU of an image forming section and a slave-CPU of a sheet transportation section are driven by respective oscillation circuits with different oscillation accuracies, a large difference in accuracy is not caused in transfer sheet transportation speed driven by clock signals formed by the respective oscillation circuits. In the master-CPU and the slave-CPU that are cascadingly connected to each other, in order to calculate a clock frequency of an oscillation circuit of the target-CPU, a predetermined time transmitted from the other CPU connected to the target-CPU is counted by the clock signal of the target-CPU. With reference to the predetermined time, an operating process, such as division of an acquired counter value by the predetermined time, acquires an error of the clock frequency of the oscillation circuit driving the slave-CPU, and corrects the error, thereby improving the accuracy thereof.

Abstract: A static charge eliminator includes an abutment member which abuts on a print target medium so as to eliminate static charge on a lower flow side than a position where the print target medium separates from and comes in contact with a predetermined roller on a conveyance path of the print target medium, and a supporting member which supports the abutment member such that the abutment member rotates around a rotation axis of the roller, in which the supporting member rotates while following a change in a pressing force from the print target medium via the abutment member which occurs when a winding angle using the position where the print target medium separates from and comes in contact with the roller as a reference point is changed in accordance with a winding amount of the print target medium.

Abstract: An electric power supply device includes a first electric power supply to employ electric power supplied from outside as an input source; a second electric power supply to employ a rechargeable battery as an input source; a load electric power supply part to supply electric power to a constant voltage load; a heater electric power supply part to supply electric power to a heater; a DC internal bus to connect the first electric power supply, the second electric power supply, the load electric power supply part, and the heater electric power supply part; and a controller to control an output of the second electric power supply. The controller controls electric power supply from the second electric power supply to the DC internal bus based on a voltage of the DC internal bus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an object disposed in an apparatus body so as to be capable of being taken out through an opening; an opening-closing portion that is rotatable and that covers the opening and rotates upward to open the opening; and an operating portion that is rotatable and disposed in front of the opening-closing portion. The operating portion is disposed at a position on a rotation trajectory along which the opening-closing portion rotates upward and on a path along which the object is taken out of the apparatus body. The operating portion rotates forward so as to be retracted from the rotation trajectory and the path along which the object is taken out and so that the path along which the object is taken out is formed between the operating portion and the opening-closing portion in the open state.

Abstract: A developing cartridge may include a housing including an outer surface, a small-diameter gear, a large-diameter gear, a first gear, and a moving member. The small-diameter gear may include a first engaging portion positioned on at least a portion of a peripheral surface of the small-diameter gear. The large-diameter gear may be positioned farther from the outer surface than the small-diameter gear from the outer surface. The large-diameter gear may be rotatable together with the small-diameter gear. The first gear may include a second engaging portion, a first end surface, a second end surface, and at least one protrusion. The moving member may include a contact portion configured to move the moving member from one position to another position in a state where the contact portion is in contact with the protrusion.

Abstract: A photosensitive drum is rotatably supported in a main body. A developing cartridge is detachably mountable on the main body in a state where the photosensitive drum is supported in the main body. The developing cartridge includes a developing device and a frame. The developing device includes a developing roller disposed in confrontation with the photosensitive drum to supply developer to the photosensitive drum when the developing cartridge is mounted in the main body, and a developer-accommodating portion configured to accommodate developer. The frame includes a waste-developer-accommodating portion configured to accommodate waste developer and supports the developing device that is movable relative to the frame. The frame is disposed on an opposite side of the developing roller from the photosensitive drum. An urging member is disposed between the frame and the developing device to urge the developing roller toward the photosensitive drum.

Abstract: A high-quality developing member having compatibility between high toner charging properties and high durability under high temperature and high humidity environments is provided. The developing member includes an electro-conductive substrate and an electro-conductive surface layer in this order. The surface layer includes a binder resin, an alumina particle and a polyester phosphate compound.