Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for determining a viscosity for heavy oil in a formation by obtaining viscosity data and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation time distribution data for a plurality of oil samples. A correlation is determined between a set of viscosity data for the plurality of oil samples and an NMR relaxation time geometric mean for the plurality of oil samples. An NMR relaxation time geometric mean intrinsic value is determined based on the correlation, apparent hydrogen index, and TE. Electromagnetic energy may then be transmitted into a formation and NMR relaxation time distributions determined for oil in the formation based on secondary electromagnetic field responses associated with the electromagnetic energy. A viscosity of the oil in the formation may then be determined based a correlation between the set of viscosity data and the NMR relaxation time geometric mean intrinsic value of the distribution data.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for generating a pulse for use in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging. One such method generates the pulse by adjusting one or more of pulse parameters including a pulse shape, a pulse amplitude, a pulse phase, and/or a pulse frequency. The generated pulse produces a substantially uniform nuclear spin saturation or nuclear spin inversion response from a fluid. A wait time between the pulse transmission and an echo that indicates spin equilibrium has been achieved is substantially equal to a T1 time indicating characteristics of the fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and methods may operate to detect rugosity in a borehole. Additional activity may include generating a rugosity correction, responsive to detecting rugosity in the borehole, by finding an effective borehole diameter, consistent with the presence of rugosity, for which a simulation of a model of the borehole using the effective borehole diameter generates simulation resistivity measurements that match, within a tolerance, resistivity measurements before execution of a borehole correction algorithm. Additional activity may include applying rugosity correction by generating resistivity logs, using the effective borehole diameter, that are corrected for rugosity and borehole effect. Additional apparatus, systems, and methods are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods are used to increase the penetration and reduce the exclusion zone of radiographic systems. An X-ray detection method irradiates an object with X-ray fanlets including vertically moving fan beams, each fanlet having an angular range smaller than the angular coverage of the object. The fanlets are produced by modulating an X-ray beam, synchronizing the X-ray beam and the fanlets, detecting the fanlets irradiating the object, collecting image slices from the detector array corresponding to a complete scan cycle of the fanlets, and processing the image slices collected for combining into a composite image.

Abstract: A radiation sensor is provided. The sensor includes a rugged scintillator, a photo-sensor, a bundle of one or more optical fibers having a first end connected to the rugged scintillator and a second end connected to the photo sensor, a power supply coupled with the photo-sensor, and a processor electronically coupled with the photo-sensor.

Abstract: A gravitational radiation communication system. The system includes a gravitational radiation transmitter and a gravitational radiation receiver. Each of the transmitter and the receiver includes a first cylindrical superconducting cavity, having a first length, a first diameter, and an entrance aperture for electromagnetic radiation; a second cylindrical superconducting cavity, having a second length, a second diameter, and a first aperture for gravitational radiation, the second cavity being coaxial with and adjacent the first cavity; and a superconducting movable membrane positioned between the first cavity and the second cavity and configured to provide parametric amplification of electromagnetic fields in the second cavity. The first aperture is configured to pass gravitational radiation.

Abstract: A technique includes acquiring dry condition and wet measurements using an optical spectrometer for a plurality of lamp intensities. The technique includes determining candidate maximum optical densities as a function of the lamp intensities based at least in part on a reference measurement that is acquired by the spectrometer, the reference measurement and does not vary with respect to the lamp intensities. The technique includes determining an optical density linear dynamic range based at least in part on the candidate maximum optical densities.

Abstract: A light projector and a light receiver each includes a case body, a light transmission plate closing an opening in a front face of the case body, and a pair of caps closing openings in end faces of the case body. The case body includes first supports supporting side edges of the light transmission plate, the caps respectively include second supports supporting ends of the light transmission plate, the light transmission plate is supported by the first supports and the second supports with an elastic member interposed between the light transmission plate and the first and second supports, and the cap is fixed to the case body while the seal member abutting on the end face of the case body is interposed between the cap and the case body. A cured liquid sealing agent is interposed between leading ends of the seal member and the elastic member.

Abstract: A method includes introducing a tool into a wellbore lined at least partially with a first casing and a second casing concentrically overlapping a portion of the first casing emitting an acoustic wave from an acoustic source included in the tool causing the first and second casings to vibrate at their respective resonant frequencies, emitting high frequency electromagnetic (EM) energy using the tool that interacts with the first casing to generate a first EM scattered field, emitting low frequency EM energy using the tool, at least a portion of the low frequency EM energy traversing the first casing and interacting with the second casing to generate a second EM scattered field, and analyzing the first and second EM scattered fields to determine a presence of corrosion in at least one of the first and second casings.

Abstract: Among other things, a dispensing device is described herein. A sensor component of the dispensing device includes an emitter (e.g., of an emitter array) in optical communication with a detector array for sensing objects disposed between the emitter and the detector array. An object detector is configured to identify a presence of an object between the emitter and the detector array based upon a readout signal generated by the detector array. A calibration component is configured to recalibrate the object detector responsive to determining that an obstruction is present between the emitter and the detector array. The recalibration allows the detector array and the emitter array to detect the presence of an object regardless of the obstruction. A material (e.g., soap, sanitizer, etc.) may be dispensed from the dispensing device responsive to detecting the presence of the object.

Abstract: A gamma-ray spectrometer calibration system comprises a photomultiplier tube and analysis electronics. The photomultiplier tube provides one or more reference signals that are analyzed relative to a spectrum by the analysis electronics to calibrate a gamma-ray spectrometer. Additional apparatus, methods, and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: Systems and methods in accordance with embodiments of the invention are software models that present information in a format directly usable by stormwater managers to inform annual program decisions and consistently evaluate the effectiveness of stormwater management actions. Stormwater modeling systems in accordance with many embodiments of the invention provide a tool that can be used by stormwater managers to estimate load reductions. In a number of embodiments, a user interface is provided that streamlines user input data requirements. In this way, the stormwater modeling system can extend the utility of event-based model inputs, generate results that inform management decisions, and demonstrate progress using a common scalable unit.

Abstract: Provided is a plastic lens obtained by curing a curable composition including a curable compound, wherein the curable composition includes 50 parts by mass or more of a (meth)acrylic curable compound relative to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the curable compound, and in the plastic lens, the absorbance ratio of the maximum absorbance Abs1 at a wave number of 1680 to 1620 cm?1 relative to the maximum absorbance Abs2 at a wave number of 1800 to 1690 cm?1 in an infrared spectrum obtained by measurement with a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer is 7.0% or less, as calculated by using the following Formula 1: Absorbance ratio (%)=(Abs1/Abs2)×100.

Abstract: A wettable silicone hydrogel contact lens having a low ionoflux and low evaporation is manufactured by curing a silicone hydrogel polymerizable composition in a contact lens mold comprising front and back lens-forming surfaces, where one of the lens-forming surfaces has a higher polarity than the other lens-forming surface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an anti-reflective film comprising: a hard coating layer; and a low-refractive layer containing a binder resin and hollow inorganic nanoparticles and solid inorganic nanoparticles which are dispersed in the binder resin, wherein a ratio of an average particle diameter of the solid inorganic nanoparticles to an average particle diameter of the hollow inorganic nanoparticles is 0.26 to 0.

Abstract: The optical film laminate comprises: a polarizing film which is formed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin containing a molecularly-oriented dichroic martial, and has a thickness of 10 ?m or less; and a transparent protective film formed of a thermoplastic resin and disposed on one of opposite surfaces of the polarizing film through an adhesive layer. The transparent protective film has a thickness of 40 ?m or less, and a dimensional change rate in a direction orthogonal to an absorption axis of the polarizing film is 0.2% or more, as measured using a test piece thereof having a size of 100 mm×100 mm, in a state after leaving the test piece in an environment at 85° C. for 48 hours.

Abstract: Provided is a transparent conductive film excellent in both scratch resistance and conductivity. The transparent conductive film of the present invention includes: a transparent substrate; and a transparent conductive layer arranged on one side or both sides of the transparent substrate, in which: the transparent conductive layer contains a binder resin, metal nanowires, and metallic particles; and part of the metallic particles protrude from a region formed of the binder resin. In one embodiment, an average particle diameter X of the metallic particles and a thickness Y of the region formed of the binder resin satisfy a relationship of Y?X?20Y.

Abstract: Provided are a spectacle lens having a tin oxide layer on a lens base material, wherein the tin oxide layer has a composition gradient in which an oxygen content rate as anatomic percentage increases from the lens base material side to the other side, and spectacles provided with the spectacle lens.

Abstract: An optical device (100) is disclosed, comprising a collimator (110) and a first lenslet array (130, 430) and a second lenslet array (140, 440). The first lenslet array and the second lenslet array are provided with the same tessellation pattern, aligned with each other and arranged such that a projection (150) of a light source (122) is focused on the second lenslet array, which is configured to emit non-focused light. At least some of the lenslets of the second array are formed such that a ratio of their sagittal and meridional dimensions varies at least along the meridional direction (M) of the second lenslet array, based on the varying shape of the projection of the light source as seen by said lenslets, so as to achieve an improved mixing, intensity and uniformity of light emitted from the optical device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a varifocal lens module. A varifocal lens module according to an embodiment includes a lens formed of a flexible and transparent material and having a focal length varying according to a variable shape thereof; at least one driving part expanded or contracted in response to an electric signal; and at least one structural body configured to physically or chemically connect the lens and each driving part.

Abstract: A method of reducing surface roughness of DUV reflectance coatings for a DUV mirror to improve the reflectance of the DUV mirror includes: forming the reflectance coating on a substrate, the reflectance coating including a film stack comprising multiple dielectric layers, including an uppermost layer. The method also includes adding to the uppermost layer a cap layer comprising SiO2 and having an upper surface with an initial RMS amount of surface roughness. The method further includes adding a sacrificial layer to the upper surface of the cap layer, wherein the sacrificial layer comprises SiO2. The method also includes etching the sacrificial layer down to the cap layer so that the upper surface of the cap layer has a final RMS amount of surface roughness that is less than the initial amount of surface roughness.

Abstract: To provide an infrared cut filter having a wide view angle and excellent infrared shieldability, a kit for manufacturing the infrared cut filter, and a solid-state imaging device. An infrared cut filter has: a copper-containing transparent layer 1. The copper-containing transparent layer 1 further contains an infrared absorbing agent, or an infrared absorbing agent-containing layer 2 is further provided.

Abstract: An optical filter including a base member having a layer containing near-infrared absorbing fine particles and a dielectric multilayer film, the optical filter satisfying a requirement that, in a wavelength range of 400 nm to 650 nm, an average of transmittance of any of light incident from a direction perpendicular to the optical filter, light obliquely incident at an angle of 30 degrees, and light obliquely incident at an angle of 60 degrees is 45% or higher and lower than 85%; and a requirement that, in a wavelength range of 800 nm to 1,200 nm, an average of optical density (OD value) of any of light incident from the direction perpendicular to the optical filter, light obliquely incident at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the perpendicular direction, and light obliquely incident at an angle of 60 degrees with respect to the perpendicular direction is 1.7 or higher.

Abstract: To provide an infrared cut filter that has a wide view angle and excellent infrared shieldability and in which the generation of defects is suppressed, and a solid-state imaging device. An infrared cut filter has: a transparent base 1; an infrared absorbing film 2 that contains an infrared absorbing agent; and a dielectric multi-layer film 3, the infrared absorbing film 2 has a maximum absorption wavelength in a wavelength region of 600 nm or greater, and a ratio B/A of, to absorbance A at the maximum absorption wavelength before the infrared absorbing film 2 is dipped in at least one organic solvent selected from propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl lactate, acetone, and ethanol, absorbance B at the wavelength at which the absorbance A is measured after the infrared absorbing film 2 is dipped in the organic solvent for 2 minutes at 25° C. is 0.9 or greater.

Abstract: An ultra-thin broadband retardation film is provided. The broadband retardation film includes a first retardation film and a second retardation film. The second retardation film is disposed on a side of the first retardation film, wherein an in-plane retardation value Ro of the first retardation film is between 70 nm and 130 nm, an in-plane retardation value Ro of the second retardation film is between 140 nm and 260 nm, and an angle between an optic axis of the first retardation film and an optic axis of the second retardation film is between 35° and 70°.

Abstract: The present application relates to a polarizer, a polarizing plate and a display device. The present application can provide a polarizer or a polarizing plate that is applied to various types of display devices, particularly to a display device having a highly reflective liquid crystal panel and that shows excellent characteristics. In addition, the present application can provide a display device including the polarizer or the polarizing plate.

Abstract: A cooling fan, having a base, a fan, a light-guiding circle and a PCB light ring; the base has a cylindrical receiving space in the middle thereof, one end surface of the base has a pivot bracket, the fan is mounted on the pivot bracket and provided in the cylindrical receiving space; the base is provided thereon with an annular groove body surrounding the cylindrical receiving space, the depth direction of the annular groove body is the axial direction of the cylindrical receiving space, the width direction of the annular groove body is the radial direction of the cylindrical receiving space, the light-guiding circle and the PCB light ring are relatively fixed and mounted in the annular groove body. The PCB light ring is mounted in the annular groove body. The light emitted from the PCB light ring may penetrate the light-guiding circle and spread about.

Abstract: Disclosed is a quantum dot display device including a light emitting unit configured to generate a light; and a color conversion unit configured to convert the light generated from the light emitting unit to a color light. The color conversion unit includes a quantum dot portion configured to convert the light to the color light; a bridge portion configured to provide a color conversion path of the light passing the quantum dot portion and to vertically guide the light; and a prism portion configured to guide the light passing the bridge portion to an outside. The above configuration may enhance the light efficiency by providing a sufficient color conversion path of light.

Abstract: A light-guiding plate of an optical device has first light convergence portions and second light convergence portions. The light convergence portions each have optical surfaces that cause light to be emitted from an emission surface in directions in which the light substantially converges at or scatters from one convergence point or one convergence line, the convergence points or lines for the light convergence portions are different from each other, first and second images are formed by a collection of the convergence points or lines of the first and second light convergence portions, respectively, and in a case where an image is projected to a plane perpendicular to the emission surface and parallel to a light-guiding direction of the light-guiding plate, the first and second light convergence portions cause light to be emitted from the emission surface at a first angle and at a second angle, respectively.

Abstract: A planar illumination apparatus includes: a plurality of light sources that are disposed linearly and that emit light; and a light guide plate that has a lateral surface on which the light sources are disposed so as to face the lateral surface and includes extended portions each extending in directions in which the extended portions are spaced away from each other from both ends of the lateral surface and are away from the light sources. The light guide plate has a light emitting region that is either in contact with a boundary or disposed on a side opposite to one of the extended portions with respect to the boundary, in which the boundary is established between an emission range of an end portion light source on a side adjacent to the extended portion and a region different from the emission range.

Abstract: Provided is a display device that can be realized with a simple configuration and functions as a transparent display allowing background to be clearly seen therethrough. When a liquid crystal panel (30) is in an ON state, polarized backlight that is incident from a polarized backlight unit (50) reaches a front surface. At this point, ambient light that is incident from a rear side also reaches the front surface. Accordingly, an observer who is on a front side of a transparent display (100) can visually recognize an image that is displayed in an overlaid manner on the background seen through the transparent display (100). In a case where the liquid crystal panel (30) is placed into an OFF state, the polarized backlight cannot reach the front surface of the transparent display (100), and the ambient light reaches the front surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a light guide plate and a fabricating method thereof, an array substrate and a fabricating method thereof, and a display device. In the light guide plate provided in the present disclosure, in a region corresponding to a first display region for arranging a gate driven circuit, more net-dots are provided or the diameter of net-dots is set to be larger, such that the luminance of outgoing light from the light guide plate in this region can be increased, thereby weakening the luminance difference between the corresponding display region and other display region.

Abstract: A display device includes a display housing and plural display-light-emitting devices. At least one of the plural display-light-emitting devices includes a light guide member, a holding member, and a light source. The light guide member includes a light incident portion, a light exit portion, and a reflecting portion. The light guide member causes light incident upon the light incident portion to be reflected by the reflecting portion so as to guide the light to the light exit portion. The holding member has an opening so as to house the light guide member, includes an elastically deformable holding piece, and holds the light guide member by using the holding piece. The light source is provided at a portion facing the light incident portion. The holding member has a cut that allows the holding piece to be elastically deformed.

Abstract: A waveguide structure for optical coupling, including a first waveguide embedded in a first cladding, and at least two second waveguides distanced vertically from the first waveguide and embedded in a second cladding provided on the first cladding. The first waveguide and the at least two second waveguides each have an at least partly tapered end section in a coupling region of the waveguide structure, the end section of the first waveguide being tapered oppositely to end sections of the at least two second waveguides. The first waveguide is arranged laterally between the at least two second waveguides in the coupling region.

Abstract: A fiber optic connector assembly includes a connector and a carrier. The connector has first and second ends and a terminated fiber. The fiber defines a first end adjacent the first end of the connector and a second end protruding out of the second end of the connector. A carrier having a connector end and an opposite cable end is engaged with the connector. An alignment structure on the carrier includes a first end, a second end, and a throughhole and also a cutaway extending perpendicularly to and communicating with the throughhole. The fiber is positioned within at least a portion of the throughhole with the second end located within the cutaway. A window is within the cutaway over the second end of the fiber for visually inspecting the alignment of the second end of the fiber with an end of another fiber.

Abstract: An integrated optical collimator device includes an optical fiber extending from a first end to a second end. The first end of the optical fiber is configured to be coupled to a light source or a light receiver. A housing is coupled to the ferrule and extends radially over the ferrule. A collimating lens is positioned in the housing proximate the second end of the optical fiber. A polarizer element is positioned within the housing proximate the collimating lens.

Abstract: Multiplexer and demultiplexer apparatuses are disclosed herein. In various embodiments, a demultiplexer apparatus comprises a receptacle having a collimate lens and configured to receive an inlet light, a substrate, a reflector mounted to the substrate and configured to reflect the inlet light. The reflector is either fixed or adjustable during assembly. The demultiplexer apparatus also includes a demultiplexer block coupled to the substrate and configured to receive the inlet light from the reflector and separate the inlet light into multiple wavelengths, a folding prism coupled to the substrate that receives and refracts the multiple wavelengths through the substrate, and a focal lens array coupled to the substrate to receive the focus of the multiple wavelengths.

Abstract: A suspension arm assembly including at least two members relatively rotatable about each other at a joint, with at least one of the joints comprising an infinite rotation joint. The infinite rotation joint allows the members at the infinite rotation joint to have unlimited rotation relative to one another. The infinite rotation joint is configured to pass at least an optical signal therethrough. The infinite rotation joint includes a stator and a rotor. At least two portions of the infinite rotation joint are separable and can automatically form a unit when adjacent arms are connected together such that the infinite rotation joint can be separated into the at least two portions. The at least two portions are configured to be automatically connected to allow the optical signal to pass therethrough once the at least two portions are engaged.

Abstract: Described are examples of optical blind-mate connector adaptors, optical blind-mate connectors to blind-mate to the adaptors, and optical blind-mate systems. In various implementations, an optical blind-mate connector adapter may include a sleeve housing and a shutter mounted at an opening of the sleeve housing. The shutter may include a shutter flap to cover the opening in a closed position and a shutter tab to receive a force to move the shutter flap from the closed position to an open position extending away from the sleeve housing.

Abstract: An optical-fiber-attached ferrule of the invention includes: an optical fiber; and a ferrule that holds an end portion of the optical fiber, where the ferrule includes a ferrule end surface, a fiber hole to insert the optical fiber, an adhesive-filling section that includes an opening surface of the optical fiber hole and an opposed surface opposed to the opening surface, and a light transmitting part that transmits an optical signal between the ferrule end surface and the opposed surface, and an end surface of the optical fiber is disposed close to the opposed surface in the adhesive-filling section The adhesive-filling section is filled with an optical adhesive with Shore hardness D of equal to or less than 50.

Abstract: Improved optical fiber coupling reliability is realized by improving structures and materials used at the fiber joint. When ceramic ferrules are used at the fiber joint, the penetration of a UV-cured optical adhesive between the ceramic ferrules and the fiber ends is avoided or prevented, while an anti-reflective coating, an uncured optical adhesive, or a refractive index matching gel may be applied between the ceramic ferrules. When glass ferrules are used at the fiber joint, the UV-cured optical adhesive may be applied and fully cured between the glass ferrules and the fiber ends.

Abstract: A fiber optic cable assembly includes a fiber optic cable and a fiber optic connector. The cable includes a jacket having an elongated transverse cross-sectional profile that defines a major axis and a minor axis. Strength components of the cable are anchored to the connector. The fiber optic connector includes a multi-fiber ferrule defining a major axis that is generally perpendicular to the major axis of the jacket and a minor axis that is generally perpendicular to the minor axis of the jacket. Certain types of connectors include a connector body defining a side opening that extends along a length of the connector body; a multi-fiber ferrule configured for lateral insertion into the connector body through the side opening; and a cover that mounts over the side opening after the multi-fiber ferrule has been inserted into the connector body through the side opening.

Abstract: An optical module includes a carrier, a light emitter disposed on the carrier, a light detector disposed on the carrier, and a housing disposed on the carrier. The housing defines a first opening that exposes the light emitter and a second opening that exposes the light detector. The optical module further includes a first light transmission element disposed on the first opening and a second light transmission element disposed on the second opening. A first opaque layer is disposed on the first light transmission element, the first opaque layer defining a first aperture, and a second opaque layer disposed on the second light transmission element, the second opaque layer defining a second aperture.

Abstract: An active optical cable (AOC) for a helmet mounted display (HMD) or goggles includes a transceiver module having a rigid-flex or flex connector packaging to physically couple with an electrical data interface of the HMD or goggles. The transceiver module includes one or more media converters to receive electrical data of multiple formats from the HMD or googles and convert the received electrical data to a common format, and an optical engine communicatively coupled to the one or more media converters to output the converted electrical data as optical data. The AOC includes a cable assembly including at least fiber optic cables with one end of the cable assembly communicatively couple to the transceiver module to receive the optical data output from optical engine; and another transceiver module having a quick-release connector packaging and communicatively coupled to other end of the cable assembly to receive the optical data.

Abstract: The optical receptacle according to the present invention comprises: a first optical surface, a second optical surface, an optical separating part and a third optical surface. The optical separating part includes a first dividing reflection surface for causing a part of the emittance light incident on the first optical surface to be internally reflected toward the second optical surface as the signal light, and a second dividing reflection surface for causing a part of the emittance light incident on the first optical surface to be internally reflected toward the third optical surface as the monitor light. The entire light path between the first optical surface, the optical separating part, and the second optical surface is located inside the optical receptacle.

Abstract: A connector device for connecting optical fiber endpieces comprising an optoelectronic chip, a fiber end piece holder and a reflection surface. The chip is oriented for emitting and/or detecting optical signals along a first propagation direction normal to a circuit board. The reflection surface changes a propagation direction of optical signals from the first propagation direction to a different, second propagation direction and/or vice versa. The connector device comprises a layered optical stack mounted to the circuit board and designed for propagation of optical signals along the first propagation direction. The connector device further comprises a coupling adapter piece mounted to the layered optical stack that holds and/or secures the fiber end piece holder in an orientation enabling propagation of signals radiation along the second propagation direction. The reflection surface for changing between both propagation directions is comprised in the coupling adapter piece.

Abstract: A multi-channel optical transmitter or transceiver includes an optical multiplexer with input and output ports on a single side. The optical multiplexer receives optical signals at different channel wavelengths on a plurality of mux input ports on one side and combines the optical signals into a multiplexed optical signal, which is output on an optical output port on the same side. The optical multiplexer may be located at a distal end of a transceiver or transmitter housing. In one embodiment, the optical multiplexer is a reversed planar lightwave circuit (PLC) splitter including splitter output ports that are used as the mux input ports and a splitter input port that is used as the mux output port. The mux input ports may be optically coupled to respective transmitter optical subassembly (TOSA) modules with optical fibers.

Abstract: An optical module includes a light-forming part and a protective member. The light-forming part includes a base member, a semiconductor light-emitting device, a lens, and a light-receiving device mounted on the base member and disposed, in the emission direction of the semiconductor light-emitting device, between the semiconductor light-emitting device and the lens. The light-receiving surface of the light-receiving device inclines toward the emission portion of the semiconductor light-emitting device such that an inclination angle ? is more than 0° and 90° or less, the inclination angle ? being an angle formed between the optical axis of the semiconductor light-emitting device and a plane including the light-receiving surface of the light-receiving device.

Abstract: A method and system for implementing high-speed electrical interfaces between semiconductor dies in optical communication systems are disclosed and may include communicating electrical signals between a first die and a second die via coupling pads which may be located in low impedance points in Tx and Rx paths. The electrical signals may be communicated via one or more current-mode, controlled impedance, and/or capacitively-coupled interfaces. The current-mode interface may include a cascode amplifier stage split between source and drain terminals of transistors on the dies. The controlled-impedance interfaces may include transmission line drivers on a first die and transmission lines on a second die. The capacitively-coupled interfaces may include capacitors formed by contact pads on the dies. The coupling pads may be connected via one or more of: wire bonds, metal pillars, solder balls, or conductive resin. The dies may comprise CMOS and may be coupled in a flip-chip configuration.

Abstract: The teachings herein provide a method and apparatus for interconnecting photonic devices using an advantageous technique that forms an end-to-end optical path between photonic circuits using photonic wire bonds and a bridging glass member. The photonic wire bonds couple the photonic circuits to respective ends of an optical waveguide formed in the glass member. The end-to-end optical path thus comprises a “composite” optical waveguide that includes the photonic wire bonds and the optical wave-guide. Advantageously, these composite optical waveguides are formed in-place according to a process whereby the various components are placed into at least a rough alignment on a substrate and, after deposition of polymer photoresist, a femtosecond laser beam traces the end-to-end optical path, thereby forming the respective photonic wire bonds and optical waveguide in place.