Abstract: It is an object to provide a technique capable of enhancing evenness of a planar light. A planar light source device includes a light source, a holding substrate, a light distribution control element having a light incident surface and a light outputting surface, a reflection part reflecting the light which has been reflected in an inner side of the light distribution control element toward the side of the display surface, and a case which houses the light source, the holding substrate, the light distribution control element, and the reflection part. A part opposite to the side of the display surface, in relation to at least the light distribution control element in a region between the light distribution control element and an inner wall of the case, is covered by the reflection part.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display apparatus that reflects light emitted from a light source to a display panel side through a reflecting member without having a configuration corresponding to a light guide plate, in which light emitted from a light source substantially uniformly reaches a reflecting member, a corner member may be disposed on the corner side of the cover member where the light source module is not disposed so that the light incident on the corner side is reflected toward the display panel side to irradiate light to the display panel side.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present disclosure provides display devices and methods of manufacturing display devices that can be slimmer than typical display devices. In one embodiment, such a display device includes a first substrate formed of glass, a light source disposed at a position that corresponds to at least one surface of the first substrate, a first resin layer on the first substrate, a first polarizing layer on the first resin layer, a liquid crystal layer on the first polarizing layer, a second substrate on the liquid crystal layer, the second substrate including a plurality of data lines and a plurality of gate lines, and a second polarizing layer on the second substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor nanocrystal composition including a semiconductor nanocrystal, an organic additive, and at least one polymerizable substance selected from a polymerizable monomer, a polymerizable oligomer, and a combination thereof, wherein the composition has haze of greater than or equal to about 40% after polymerization.

Abstract: A display device includes a first pixel and a second pixel. The first pixel and the second pixel are adjacent to each other. Each of the first pixel and the second pixel includes a first display region and a second display region. The first display region is configured to reflect incident light. The second display region is positioned inside the first display region and configured to emit light. The second display region has at least two pairs of parallel sides. A position of the second display region inside the first display region in the first pixel and a position of the second display region inside the first display region in the second pixel are different from each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an array substrate, a driving method thereof and a display panel. The array substrate includes: a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, wherein two adjacent rows of pixels are grouped into a pixel group; switching elements respectively connected with the pixels; a data line, wherein two data lines corresponds to each column of pixels arranged at two sides of this column respectively; and gate lines each located between two adjacent rows of pixels of each pixel group; wherein respective pixels in a same pixel group are connected with one gate line located between two rows of pixels though respective switching elements; two pixels adjacent to each other along a column direction in a same pixel group are respectively connected with two data lines respectively located at two sides of a column where the two pixels are located through respective switching elements.

Abstract: A display device which is immune to a build-up of static electricity includes a display module and an anti-static layer. The anti-static layer is formed on a side surface of the display module. The anti-static layer includes an insulating layer on the side surface and a conductive layer stacked on the insulating layer. The conductive layer is electrically coupled to a conductive component of the display device.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a pixel unit and an array substrate, the pixel unit includes: a thin film transistor, and a storage capacitor electrically connected to the thin film transistor, the storage capacitor includes a first metal layer and a second metal layer disposed opposite to the first metal layer, a concave-convex pattern is provided on a surface of the first metal layer facing to the second metal layer. It is capable of effectively improving the aperture ratio of the liquid crystal display device, under the premise that the resolution of which is guaranteed.

Abstract: The present application discloses an array substrate, a method of manufacturing an array substrate, and a liquid crystal display panel. The array substrate includes a substrate; a channel layer; a first insulating layer; a gate electrode; a second insulating layer have a first through hole and a second through hole; a source electrode electrically connected to the channel layer through the first through hole; a drain electrode electrically connected to the channel layer through the second through hole; a planarization layer has a third through hole; a common electrode; a passivation layer has HfO2 and a fourth through hole communication with the third through hole; and a pixel electrode electrically connected to the drain electrode through the third through hole and the fourth through hole, and the pixel electrode is disposed corresponding to the common electrode, the pixel electrode, the passivation layer and the common electrode constitute a storage capacitor.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a first substrate including a first basement, a scanning line and a signal line, arranged in a display area, a first organic insulating layer covering the signal line, a metal layer provided above the first organic insulating layer, and a first conductive layer arranged in a peripheral area surrounding the display area and formed from a same material as that of the metal layer, a second substrate including a second basement opposing the first conductive layer and spaced therefrom, and a second conductive layer, and including a first hole which penetrates the second basement, and a connecting material which electrically connects the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer via the first hole.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a method of manufacturing an electronic device, includes preparing a first substrate including a first basement and a first conductive layer, and a second substrate includes a second basement and a second conductive layer, opposing the first conductive layer and spaced from the first conductive layer, providing a protection layer on the second substrate, forming a first hole penetrating the second substrate by irradiating the second substrate with a laser beam in a position overlapping the protection layer, removing the protection layer and forming a connecting material electrically connecting the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer to each other via the first hole after removing the protection layer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic device includes a first substrate including a first basement and a first conductive layer, a second substrate including a second basement opposed to the first basement and the first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer, a sealing material located between the first substrate and the second substrate to bond the first substrate to the second substrate, a contact hole penetrating the second basement, the sealing material and the first conductive layer, and a connecting material electrically connecting the first conductive layer with the second conductive layer via the contact hole.

Abstract: The present invention provides an array substrate and a LCD panel. The array substrate, which comprises: a display area and a peripheral area, wherein the display area has at least two types of pixel electrodes, gate lines and data lines, which are arranged in rows and columns, one of the gate line is connected to two columns of the corresponding pixel electrodes and two of the data lines are connected to one row of the corresponding pixel electrodes. By the above description, the present invention can resolve requirements of testing HG2D (half-gate two-data line) drive circuit.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a first substrate, a first terminal group in which a first video signal input terminal and a first non-video signal input terminal are arranged in a peripheral portion of the first substrate in a first direction, a second terminal group in which a second video signal input terminal and a second non-video signal input terminal are arranged in a second direction different from the first direction with respect to the first terminal group and are arranged in the peripheral portion of the first substrate in the first direction, and a first wiring that connects the first non-video signal input terminal and the second non-video signal input terminal.

Abstract: An electro-optic apparatus includes an element substrate, a pixel region including a first and second pixel formed on the element substrate, a first terminal formed on the element substrate, a second terminal formed on the element substrate, located opposite of the pixel region with the first terminal being interposed between the pixel region and the second terminal, a first wiring extending from the first terminal included in a path for transmitting to the first pixel, a first signal having been input to the first terminal and a second wiring extending from the second terminal included in a path for transmitting to the second pixel, a second signal having been input to the second terminal. Further, a difference between a resistance of the path for transmitting the first and second signal is made smaller than a resistance difference due to a difference between a length of the first and second wiring.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a connecting material. The second substrate includes a second basement and a second conductive layer. The second basement has a third surface opposed to the first conductive layer and a fourth surface and is spaced apart from the first conductive layer. The second substrate has a first hole penetrating the second basement. The first substrate has a second hole. A third opening of the second hole is smaller than a first opening of the first hole. A connecting material connects the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer via the first hole.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes first and second substrates, a display function layer, a polarizer, and a connecting material. The first substrate includes a first conductive layer. The second substrate includes a basement having first and second surfaces. The display function layer is disposed between the substrates. The polarizer is disposed above the second surface and includes a second conductive layer. The connecting material electrically connects the first and second conductive layers. The basement has a first hole. The polarizer has a second hole. The connecting material contacts the first and second conductive layers via the first and second holes.

Abstract: An imaging system is provided that includes an imager and an optical lens stack with one or more lenses and an electro-optic element positioned between the imager and the lens stack. The electro-optic element includes a first substantially transparent substrate defining first and second surfaces. The second surface includes a first electrically conductive layer. A second substantially transparent substrate defines third and fourth surfaces. The third surface has a second electrically conductive layer. A primary seal is disposed between the first and second substrates. The seal and the first and second substrates define a cavity therebetween. An electro-optic medium is disposed within the cavity. The electro-optic medium is operable between substantially clear and substantially opaque states.

Abstract: Conventional total internal reflection image displays consist of mobile particles of a single charge and capable of displaying information consisting of two different optical states. The reflective image display embodiments described herein comprises particles of different charge states and optical characteristics in combination with multi-electrode arrays. This may allow for displaying information consisting of at least three different optical states.

Abstract: A laminate which can serve as either a smart window or a smart mirror is formed using first and second substrates coated with transparent first and second electrodes which are separated by foraminous layer and a third grid-like linear electrode insulated from the first and second electrodes. The foraminous layer includes spacers defining a cell space which is filled with a colloidal ink having first and second particles. The first particles have a positive charge and a first color and second particles having a negative charge and a second color different from the first color. By altering the voltages of the first, second and third electrodes, one can achieve different light transmission characteristics which, for example, can alter the color temperature of the light transmitted through the laminate or enhance reflective colors.

Abstract: A display device with high visibility or low power consumption is provided. The display device includes a pixel. The pixel includes a self-luminous display element and a reflective display element. The self-luminous display element is provided closer to the display surface than the reflective display element. The reflective display element includes a unit for adjusting the amount of light which changes its arrangement on the basis of electric power supplied from an electrode and blocks light with the unit for adjusting the amount of light to change the intensity of reflected light. Electrophoretic particles, a shutter, a film which reflects part of light, a film which reflects light, or the like can be used as the unit for adjusting the amount of light.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator having an active and a peripheral region, wherein coherent light impinges on both regions, but due to a higher spatial frequency of pixels within the peripheral region, and due to biasing the peripheral region pixels to maximize dispersion of reflected light therefrom, a majority of light reflected from the peripheral region is directed outside of a three-dimensional target window. A spatial frequency of the pixels in the active region is selected such that maximum dispersion of reflected light from the active region is incident within the three-dimensional target window. In this way, incident light that does not reflect from the active region need not be absorbed, or blocked, but instead can be reflected, but still fails to interfere with the target window.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes an optical modulator chip configured to optically modulate an optical signal using an electrical signal input thereto; and a relay substrate configured to relay and couple the electrical signal to the optical modulator chip. The optical modulator chip includes a signal electrode and a ground electrode for the electrical signal, formed along a waveguide for the optical signal. One end of the optical modulator chip is arranged to face the relay substrate. An electrode connection portion coupling the electrical signal to the relay substrate by wire is provided at the one end. A distance between a tip of one end of the signal electrode in the electrode connection portion and the end of the optical modulator chip is less than a distance between a tip of an end of the ground electrode in the electrode connection portion and the end of the optical modulator chip.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator coupled to an optical source providing an optical power and a radio frequency source providing a radio frequency power. The electro-optic modulator includes a waveguide to receive the optical power, a first ring resonator modulator, and a second ring resonator modulator. The first ring resonator modulator and the second ring resonator modulator receives the radio frequency power, and are coupled to the waveguide for modulating the optical power with the radio frequency power. The first ring resonator modulator and the second ring resonator modulator, with the waveguide, substantially suppress third order intermodulation distortion of a combined power. Also disclosed are a microwave photonic link having the electro-optic modulator and a method of communicating a signal with the electro-optic modulator.

Abstract: A liquid crystal element includes: a first electrode to which a first voltage is applied; a second electrode to which a second voltage is applied; an insulating layer that is an electrical insulator; a highly resistive layer; a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal; a third electrode to which a third voltage is applied; a first boundary layer that is an electrical insulator; and a second boundary layer that faces the first boundary layer with the insulating layer therebetween. The insulating layer is located among the first electrode, the second electrode, and the highly resistive layer, and insulates the first electrode, the second electrode, and the highly resistive layer from one another. The highly resistive layer has an electric resistivity higher than each of electric resistivities of the first electrode and the second electrode, and lower than an electric resistivity of the insulating layer.

Abstract: A method of delivering a beam of laser-radiation to a workpiece for processing the workpiece comprises transmitting the beam twice through an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) crystal in opposite zero-order directions of the AOM at separate locations on the AOM crystal, before delivering the beam to the workpiece.

Abstract: A heterogeneous waveguide is configured to achieve a nonlinear optical interaction, the waveguide including at least two materials in cross-section. The first material may or may not be poled or patterned and generally has a nonlinear optical property for generating at least one new frequency by mixing two of a plurality of input optical waves, and at least one of the other (second) materials is patterned for defining a waveguide mode in the cross-section, and for achieving phase-matched interactions of the waves along the propagation direction. Alternatively, the second material may be employed in increasing the modal confinement and improving efficiency. The optical modes are distributed between the two or more materials (e.g., in a hybrid mode). Implementations described also include methods of fabricating the heterogeneous waveguide.

Abstract: A multi-dimensional solution directed to a system and associated apparatus for 3-dimensional imaging system (3DIS) incorporating unique facets to adjust relative orientation and nominal focus between the primary components of the 3DIS that relies on rectification algorithms to construct 3-dimensional point clouds. The device includes a camera, camera lens assembly, projector, an auxiliary fine adjustment device for the projector, focus mount plate, mirror mount, and mirror.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hand-held pan-tilt kit for realizing motion control with a joystick, comprising: a joystick for acquiring a user instruction; a controller connected to the joystick; wherein, the controller transmits a corresponding pan-tilt kit control signal according to the user instruction. The pan-tilt kit further comprises a first rotating means provided with a first motor, a second rotating means provided with a second motor, and a third rotating means provided with a third motor, the first electric motor, the second motor and the third motor are all electrically connected to the pan-tilt kit controller. The above hand-held pan-tilt kit for realizing motion control with a joystick is easy to operate and enables precise control of the hand-held pan-tilt kit by an external joystick.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a motorized monopole for a camera, including: a hand-held monopole; a first motor positioned at an end of the hand-held monopole; a first connecting element attached to the first motor; a second motor positioned at an end of the first connecting element; a second connecting element attached to the second motor; a third motor positioned at an end of the second connecting element; and a camera mounting plate attached to the second connecting element by the third motor, where components of the multi-axis gimbal are positioned such that a camera viewing axis, a horizontal image axis, and a vertical image axis of a camera mounted on the camera mounting plate need not be aligned with any of a rotational axis of the first motor, a rotational axis of the second motor, or a rotational axis of the third motor. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: A mirror drive device capable of achieving high responsiveness and driving stability, and suppressing mirror bounce. The mirror drive device includes a mirror box. A main mirror holder has a main mirror rotating shaft rotatably supported by the mirror box, and rotatably holds a main mirror between a mirror-down position and a mirror-up position, A sub mirror holder has a sub mirror rotating shaft rotatably supported by the mirror box, and rotatably holds a sub mirror between a mirror-down position and a mirror-up position. The main mirror holder and the sub mirror holder are connected by at least one connecting member. A drive member is engaged with the connecting member, and is driven for rotation by a motor. The sub mirror holder is directly driven by the drive member, and the main mirror holder is driven by the drive member via the connecting member.

Abstract: An electrooptical device of a projection display device includes a first driving element and a second driving element. The first driving element switches a position of a first mirror between a first turn-on position, in which the first mirror reflects a first light-source light beam from a first irradiation direction in an ON-direction, and a first turn-off position, in which the first mirror reflects the first light-source light beam in a first OFF-direction. The second driving element switches a position of a second mirror between a second turn-on position, in which the second mirror reflects a second light-source light beam in the ON-direction, and a second turn-off position, in which the second mirror reflects the second light-source light beam in a second OFF-direction.

Abstract: A projector includes: an image light generating section generating image light; a projection lens projecting the image light emitted from the image light generating section; a lens shift mechanism moving the projection lens in a first direction orthogonal to an optical axis of the projection lens; an external housing accommodating the image light generating section and the lens shift mechanism and including an opening surrounding the projection lens; and a fitting mechanism attached to the external housing. The external housing includes a notch portion formed by cutting off a portion of the peripheral edge of the opening and located in the first direction with respect to the projection lens. The fitting mechanism includes a fitting portion fitted into the notch portion and forming a portion of the peripheral edge. The fitting portion moves away from the projection lens by being pressed from the projection lens side.

Abstract: A light adjuster includes: a first light shield and a second light shield disposed across a central axis of an emitted light beam; a drive section; a movement mechanism configured to move the first light shield and the second light shield using a driving force; a board; and a cover member combined with the board, in which the movement mechanism includes: a pinion gear; and a first gear and a second gear configured to be rotated in conjunction with a rotation of the pinion gear, the first light shield is attached to the first gear, the second light shield is attached to the second gear, and the cover member supports the first gear and the second gear so that the first gear and the second gear are rotatable, and is combined with the board to cover the pinion gear, the first gear and the second gear.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion device includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a wavelength conversion element provided on the first surface, and a heat sink SCR provided on the second surface separately from the substrate.

Abstract: The phosphor disc disclosed here includes the following structural elements: a disc-shaped metal plate; a phosphor layer disposed circumferentially on the metal plate; and a bonding layer for bonding the phosphor layer to the metal plate. The metal plate curves convexly toward the phosphor layer.

Abstract: A light source unit includes one or more light source rows that include a first light source row including light emitting devices. The light emitting devices of the first light source rows are arranged at non-uniform intervals. An illuminator includes a light source unit for emitting a bundle of light beams, a first fly-eye lens including lenslets, a second fly-eye lens, and a condenser lens. The light source unit includes one or more light source rows each including light emitting devices. The principal rays of first light beams outputted from a first light source row out of the one or more light source rows enter different lenslets out of the lenslets. A positional relationship between a principal ray of each of the first light beams and the optical axis of the lenslet which the principal ray enters is aperiodic over the first light source row.

Abstract: A lens module includes a lens, a first gravity sensor and a processor. The lens includes an optical axis and an adjustment assembly. The adjustment assembly rotates around the optical axis. The first gravity sensor is disposed on the adjustment assembly. The adjustment assembly drives the first gravity sensor to rotate. The first gravity sensor is configured to perform detection at different time points. The first gravity sensor generates a first output at a first time point and a second output at a second time point. The processor calculates first and second angles of the first gravity sensor relative to a water level according to the first and second outputs respectively. The processor controls a focus adjustment of the lens according to the first angle and the second angle. A projector employing the aforementioned lens module is also provided.

Abstract: A low-cost screen apparatus capable of realizing, with its simple mechanism, a method of obtaining flatness of a screen body that has been difficult to realize with expansion using an upper and lower crossbar for support. A holding member 11 holding an upper end of a screen body is provided inside a tubular crossbar provided to the upper end of the screen body. The holding member 11 is formed of at least three divisions including: a left-end-part holding member 12 that holds a left end part of the screen body and pulls the screen body toward a left end of the crossbar; a right-end-part holding member 13 that holds a right end part of the screen body and pulls the screen body toward a right end of the crossbar; and a central-part holding member 14 that is disposed between the left-end-part holding member 12 and the right-end-part holding member 13 and holds a central part of the screen body.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask is received. The EUV mask has an EUV pellicle disposed thereover. The EUV pellicle is coupled to the EUV mask at least in part via glue that is disposed on the EUV mask. The EUV pellicle is removed, thereby exposing the glue. A localized glue-removal process is performed by targeting a region of the EUV mask on which the glue is disposed. The localized glue-removal process is performed without affecting other regions of the EUV mask that do not have the glue disposed thereon. The localized glue-removal process may include injecting a cleaning chemical onto the glue and removing a waste chemical produced by the cleaning chemical and the glue. The localized glue-removal process may also include a plasma process that applies plasma to the glue. The localized glue-removal process may further include a laser process that shoots a focused laser beam at the glue.

Abstract: A mask blank including a phase shift film is provided, wherein the phase shift film has a predetermined transmittance and a predetermined phase difference with respect to exposure light of an ArF excimer laser, and it is relatively easy to detect an etching end point for detecting a boundary between the phase shift film and a transparent substrate upon the EB defect repair. The phase shift film has a function to transmit the exposure light of the ArF excimer laser at a transmittance of not less than 10% and not more than 20%, and a function to generate a phase difference of not less than 150 degrees and not more than 190 degrees between the exposure light transmitted through the phase shift film and the exposure light transmitted through the air for the same distance as a thickness of the phase shift film. The phase shift film is made of a material containing a metal, silicon, nitrogen, and oxygen.

Abstract: Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask blanks, methods for their manufacture and production systems therefor are disclosed. The EUV mask blanks comprise a multilayer stack of absorber layers on the capping layer, the multilayer stack of absorber layers including a plurality of absorber layer pairs.

Abstract: Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) mask blanks, methods for their manufacture and production systems therefor are disclosed. The EUV mask blanks comprise a an absorber layer on the capping layer, the absorber layer made from an alloy of at least two absorber materials.

Abstract: A roll-to-plate process for texturing or patterning discrete substrates, such as displays, lighting or solar panels comprising the steps of supplying an imprinting lacquer, texturing or patterning the imprinting lacquer with an imprint texture which imprint texture is formed by openings and elevations thus creating volumes in the imprint texture to obtain an imprinted lacquer and optionally followed by curing the imprinted lacquer to obtain a solidified textured or patterned layer, characterized in that the texturing or patterning is performed with an imprint texture that comprises domains of greater volumes at its edges, and with a flexible stamp with a Young's Modulus of between 0.1 Giga Pascal (GPa) and 10 Giga Pascal (GPa).

Abstract: A photoacid generator (PAG) and a photoresist composition, the PAG being represented by the following Chemical Formula (I): wherein, in Chemical Formula (I), L is sulfur (S) or iodine (I), R3 being omitted when L is I; R1, R2, and R3 are each independently a C1 to C10 alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or alkoxy group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a heteroatom such that the heteroatom is pendant or is between the group and L, or a C6 to C18 aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a heteroatom such that the heteroatom is pendant or is between the group and L; AL is an acid-labile group; m is 1 to 4; and M is a C1 to C30 hydrocarbon group that is unsubstituted or substituted with a heteroatom such that the heteroatom is pendant or is between the group and a sulfur atom.

Abstract: A fluorinated photopolymer composition is disclosed having a branched copolymer provided in a fluorinated solvent. The copolymer includes a branching unit, a first repeating unit having a fluorine-containing group, and a second repeating unit having a solubility-altering reactive group. The branched fluorinated photopolymer composition is particularly suited for the fabrication of organic electronic and bioelectronic devices, or other devices having sensitive active organic materials.

Abstract: A resin comprising a structural unit represented by formula (I0): wherein A1, A2 and A3 each independently represent a C2-C18 divalent hydrocarbon group, R1, R2, R3 and R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C1-C6 saturated hydrocarbon group, X1 and X2 each independently represent *—O—CO—, —O—CO—O— or —O—, and * represents a binding site to A2 or A3.

Abstract: Provided is a photosensitive resin composition containing: one or more kinds of alkali-soluble from a polyimide, a polybenzoxazole, a polyimide precursor, a polybenzoxazole precursor, and a copolymer formed of two or more polymers selected from the preceding substances; and a photosensitizer. The photosensitive resin composition further contains a compound represented by general formula (1). Even when a cured film is fired at low temperature, the photosensitive resin composition exhibits superior adhesion properties with metallic materials, particularly copper, and also exhibits high chemical resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a multi-layered article, comprising a substrate; and two or more layers disposed over the substrate, wherein each said layer comprises a block copolymer comprising a first block and a second block, wherein the first block comprises a repeat unit containing a hydrogen acceptor or a hydrogen donor, and the second block comprises a repeat unit containing a hydrogen donor when the repeat unit of the first block contains a hydrogen acceptor, or a hydrogen acceptor when the repeat unit of the first block contains a hydrogen donor; wherein the first block of an innermost of said two or more layers is bonded to the substrate, and the first block of each layer disposed over the innermost layer is bonded to the second block of a respective underlying layer; and wherein the hydrogen donor or hydrogen acceptor of the second block of an outermost said two or more layers is blocked.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method, comprising disposing a first composition on a substrate, wherein the first composition comprises a first block copolymer comprising a first block and a second block, wherein the first block comprises a repeat unit containing a hydrogen acceptor or a hydrogen donor, and the second block comprises a repeat unit containing a blocked donor when the repeat unit of the first block is a hydrogen acceptor, or a blocked acceptor when the repeat unit of the first block is a hydrogen donor; and a solvent; and deprotecting the blocked acceptor or the blocked donor with a deprotecting agent.