Abstract: The system and method of the present invention advantageously enable controllable light extraction from optical fiber waveguides and offer highly configurable light signal guidance and control capabilities, as well as additional advantageous features associated with waveguides, by providing, in various exemplary embodiments thereof, a multitude of novel techniques by which the parameters relating to utilization of various light signals (such as direction of their emission, magnitude of the emission, physical surface area of the emission, etc.), can be readily controlled and configured as a matter of design choice. Additionally, the inventive system and method, in various exemplary embodiments thereof, also enable and facilitate selective configuration of, and/or control over, various characteristics of the light signals guided/controlled/extracted thereby, such as the signals' wavelength, polarization, intensity, amplitude, etc.

Abstract: A display may have a backlight unit with a row of light-emitting diodes that emit light into the edge of a light guide layer. The light guide layer may have opposing upper and lower surfaces. The upper surface of the light guide layer may have ridges and the lower surface of the light guide layer may have bumps. The edge of the light guide layer may have light mixing structures. The light mixing structures may include an alternating pattern of protrusions with different shapes. For example, triangular protrusions of a first size may be patterned with triangular protrusions of a second size. The light mixing structures may reduce the mixing distance of the backlight unit.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes a lightguide, a light source that emits light to the lightguide, and a barrier layer positioned over the lightguide in a light emitting direction relative to the lightguide. The barrier layer defines a bezel area of the backlight unit, and an active area of the backlight unit from which light is emitted from the lightguide is an area adjacent to a boundary of the bezel area. A prism structure is positioned in the bezel area, wherein stray light emitted from the light source uncoupled to the lightguide is at least partially coupled into the lightguide by the prism structure or directed to a greater degree along the lightguide. The prism structure may be configured as a plurality of lenticular triangular prisms, and may be mounted to a mounting frame, back reflector, or flat panel connector of the backlight unit.

Abstract: In one aspect, a display comprises a light source, a film-based lightguide with a light emitting region positioned adjacent to and directing light to an active area of a spatial light modulator in a thickness direction. The film may have a light mixing region positioned between a light input region and the light emitting region. In one aspect the display comprises a guide element having a surface curved in a first plane positioned along a first edge of the spatial light modulator, wherein the film is folded along the curved surface at a first fold such that the first fold positions a portion of the light mixing region above or below the active area, the light mixing region comprises the first fold, and an inner surface of the film in the light mixing region is in contact with and curved along the curved surface of the guide element.

Abstract: A light source module includes a light guide plate, a reflecting film, and a plurality of edge-type light emitting diode (LED) units. Grooves are defined in a lower surface of the light guide plate. The reflecting film is below the lower surface and covers the entire lower surface and the grooves. An air gap is defined between the reflecting film and the lower surface. The edge-type LED units are located in the grooves. Each edge-type LED unit includes an LED chip, a wavelength converting layer, and a light reflecting layer. Light emitted is converted by the wavelength converting layer, reflected towards sidewalls of the wavelength converting layer, and transmitted to the lower surface. The reflecting film reflects light that enters the air gap towards an upper surface of the light guide plate, enabling uniform emission of light from the upper surface.

Abstract: A backlight device is provided with: LEDs; a light guide plate having a light-receiving face, a light-exiting surface, and an opposite plate surface; a prism sheet including a plurality of light-exiting side unit prisms aligned along a second direction; a light-exiting surface-side prism portion including a plurality of light-exiting surface-side prism units aligned along the second direction; a light emission reflection portion including a plurality of reflection units aligned along a first direction at an interval; an opposite plate surface-side prism portion including a plurality of opposite plate surface-side unit prisms aligned along the second direction; and bow-shaped portions disposed into such a form as to be adjacent to the light-exiting surface-side prism units in the second direction while extending along the first direction, the bow-shaped portions having a bow-shaped cross-section.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the field of liquid crystal display, specifically to a display screen frame eliminating apparatus and a display device. The display screen frame eliminating apparatus comprises a light source, a light tube and a drive module. The light tube comprises an upper surface and a lower surface, and the light source is located within the light tube or under the lower surface of the light tube. The light tube enables the light emitted by the light source to dispersedly exit from the upper surface. The drive module drives the light source to emit light based on the luminous condition of the edge pixels of the display area in the display screen. In this way, the light source emits light rays similar as the edge pixels of the display area in the display screen, and the light rays dispersedly exit from the upper surface of the light tube by means of the layered light tube structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a backlight source and a display apparatus. The backlight source comprises: a light guide plate and an adhesive frame. The light guide plate comprises: a light incidence face, a light exit face connected to the light incidence face, a bottom face opposed to the light exit face, and at least one lateral faces configured to connect the light exit face to the bottom face and to be inclined with respect to the bottom face, a projection of the at least one lateral faces with respect to the bottom face falling within the bottom face. The adhesive frame is located at a periphery of the light guide plate, wherein faces of the adhesive frame which face towards the respective lateral faces are matched with the respective lateral faces.

Abstract: This backlight device (illumination device) is provided with (LEDs) light source; a light guide plate having a light-receiving face that opposes the LEDs and where light from the LEDs is incident, and a light-exiting surface where the incident light is emitted; and an optical sheet (optical member) arranged in opposition to the light-exiting surface of the light guide plate and imparting an optical effect to the light emitted from the light-exiting surface. Here, the optical sheet has, in at least one portion thereof, a chromaticity correction region for which x and y chromaticity coordinate values in a CIE 1931 color space both decrease with distance from the LEDs.

Abstract: A lighting arrangement can include a casing, a mounting bracket, a plurality of light emitting diodes, and a driving circuit. The casing can have a perimeter wall extending about a central axis and bottom lip projecting from the perimeter wall. The mounting bracket can be configured to be affixed to a ceiling. A cavity can be defined vertically between the bottom lip and the mounting bracket and defined radially by the perimeter wall. The driving circuit can be configured to power the plurality of light emitting diodes with AC power. The driving circuit can be transformer-less and include a powering circuit portion electronically communicating with the plurality of light emitting diodes. The driving circuit is disposed in the cavity.

Abstract: A light guide plate for a liquid crystal screen display apparatus providing a favorable visual effect. The printing data of a light reflection pattern stored in a computer is transferred to an inkjet printer to allow the inkjet printer to subject a substantially-rectangular printing face surrounded by upper and lower and left and right edges of a light guide plate to a reflective printing for diffusing light emitted from a light source into the interior of the light guide plate. The printing data for performing the reflective printing is prepared so that a printing density is increased from the edges in the four directions corresponding to the edges in the four directions of the light guide plate toward one or more high density setting points set in front of the respective opposed edges. The reflective printing is performed using white ink including titanium oxide.

Abstract: This display includes a light source portion, a first heat radiation member for radiating heat generated by the light source portion, a rear housing covering the first heat radiation member in a state in contact with the first heat radiation member, and a cover member covering a rear surface of the rear housing so that the rear surface of the rear housing is partially exposed outward. The first heat radiation member is arranged on a region corresponding to a region of the rear housing exposed outward from the cover member as viewed from the side of the rear surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a display device and a backlight assembly thereof. The backlight assembly according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a circuit board on which a circuitry member for controlling the display device is mounted; a cover bottom which covers the rear surface of the display device, in which an insertion hole corresponding to the circuit board is punched on the bottom thereof, and in which the circuit board is installed to be accommodated in the interior of the insertion hole; a first coupling part coupled to the circuit board; and a second coupling part coupled to the cover bottom. The backlight assembly comprises a bracket that fixes the circuit board to the cover bottom.

Abstract: An edge-lit light guide panel includes a gripper and one or more light emitting diodes (LEDs) positioned within the gripper. The edge-lit light guide panel further includes a light guide having a narrow edge positioned within the gripper. The narrow edge is positioned proximal to the one or more LEDs. The light guide is to receive light from the one or more LEDs through the narrow edge and to emit a portion of the light through at least one broad side of the light guide.

Abstract: The invention concerns a multimode optical fiber, with an ct-profile graded-index core with an a-value between 1.96 and 2.05 and a N value defined as N=(R1/?)2(n12?n02) between 7 and 52, where R1 is the multimode core radius, n1 is the maximum index of the multimode core and n0 is the minimum index at the outer edge of the graded index core. According to the invention, a depressed region directly surrounds the graded/index core and satisfies the criteria: ?2.20<Dn2<0, where Dn2 is the index difference of depressed region with external cladding, and 220 Ln(N)?1100<V2<220 Ln(N)?865, where V2 is the volume of the depressed region. Such a multimode fiber shows an increased OFL-bandwidth above 10000 Hz·km at an operating wavelength between 950 nm and 1310 nm.

Abstract: A waveguide for the extraction of light at low levels of reflection arranged to guide light from an electro-optical component on a chip to a facet on the chip for extraction includes a first part and a second part. The first part (4) is extended, the second part (5) includes a surface (JK) through which the light exits from the waveguide (1). A non-adiabatic longitudinal section (GHLM) is located after the first part (4) but before the surface (JK) in the direction of propagation of the light, and the surface (JK) forms in the plane of the chip a first angle (V1) with the optical axis (A) of the first part (4) that lies between 5 and 80 degrees.

Abstract: A light guide element includes a light-guiding substrate and a diffraction part formed on a surface of the light-guiding substrate. The diffraction part includes an optical layer capable of exerting a diffractive action. The distance from the light-guiding substrate to a surface of the optical layer is equal to or less than 10% of a thickness of the light-guiding substrate. The light guide element satisfies |?D|?0.15 mm, where ?D is an amount of a change in D with the temperature change ?T, D [mm] is a distance, at the temperature T (° C.), between the center of the diffraction part and a position predetermined as a position where the ray of light comes out of the light-guiding substrate in a direction horizontal with respect to the light-guiding substrate, and ?T is a temperature change.

Abstract: Disclosed are optical plug connectors and optical receptacles for making optical connections. In one embodiment, the optical plug connector includes an optical portion having an optical interface and a cover for protecting the optical interface. The cover can translate toward the optical interface when connecting the optical plug connector and a portion of the cover allows transmission of optical signals therethrough. The cover has a sliding fit relative to a portion of the housing and may translate on at least one guide surface of the housing.

Abstract: There is provided a mating assembly for mating a fiber-optic termination comprising a fiber-optic ferrule to an optical test instrument. The mating assembly comprises: a holding body having internal tubular dimensions substantially complementary to corresponding external dimensions of the fiber-optic ferrule of said fiber-optic termination, to hold the fiber-optic ferrule in a given alignment relative to the optical test instrument; and at least one deformable elastomeric feature extending inwardly in the holding body to frictionally engage on a smooth external surface of said fiber-optic ferrule and to provide friction thereon to retain said fiber-optic ferrule.

Abstract: An optical connector may include a vibrational element and a pair of traces to power the element. A corresponding connector receptacle includes a pair of pins to provide power to the vibrational element via the traces.

Abstract: Ferrule-based fiber optic connectors having a ferrule-retraction balancing characteristic are disclosed. An example fiber optic connector includes a connector assembly and a connector sleeve assembly. The connector assembly includes a ferrule, a resilient member, and a connector body having a latch point and a ferrule stop. The connector sleeve assembly includes a ferrule sleeve and a sleeve housing having a latch, a first stop, and a second stop. The connector assembly is disposed in the passageway of the sleeve housing, and the ferrule of the connector assembly is disposed in the ferrule sleeve in a direction extending from the first stop. When the fiber optic connector is in an unmated state, a gap GL1 is present between the at least one latch and the at least one latch point, and a gap GS1 is present between the first stop and a first end of the ferrule sleeve.

Abstract: An optical fiber with a connector includes a first connector and a plurality of optical fibers attached to the first connector. The first connector includes: at least one fiber-shaped member; and a ferrule including a first end surface and a second end surface arranged in a first direction, and a holding portion holding the optical fibers and the fiber-shaped member. In the holding portion, a plurality of fiber insertion holes extending from the first end surface in the first direction is formed such that the optical fibers and the fiber-shaped member are insertable thereinto. One end of the optical fiber and one end of the fiber-shaped member are held by the holding portion in a state of being inserted into the fiber insertion hole. The optical fiber extends to the outside of the ferrule. The other end of the fiber-shaped member is located inside the ferrule.

Abstract: A substrate comprises multiple interposers. Each interposer includes interposer elements, where an optical device is coupled to at least some of the interposer elements; two passages formed through the interposer, where each passage is registered with respect to the interposer elements; two blind holes formed in a surface of the interposer, where each blind hole is concentric with a different passage; two annular troughs formed in the surface, each concentric with a different passage, and an annular area separates the annular troughs from an outer diameter of the corresponding concentric passage; and two spherical registration elements, where each registration element is positioned on uncured adhesive on one of the annular areas, where the passages enable a vacuum to be drawn through such that the registration elements are pulled toward the surface of the interposer to self-align to the inner diameter of the blind holes.

Abstract: An optical device may include an optical bench used align a photonic chip to a receptacle. In one embodiment, a surface of the optical bench defines an alignment plane. When a fiber stub in the receptacle is disposed on the surface, an optical path in the stub is parallel with the alignment plane. By disposing the photonic chip on the same surface, the chip and the stub can be aligned such that optical signals can be transmitted between the stub and an optical component (e.g., light source or waveguide) in the photonic chip. In one embodiment, the optical path in the stub and the optical component may have the same height relative to the optical bench. Moreover, the optical device may include a direct thermal connection between the assembly and the heat sink, and thus, have better thermal coupling relative to using thermal pads.

Abstract: A compact optical transceiver formed by hybrid multichip integration. The optical transceiver includes a Si-photonics chip attached on a PCB. Additionally, the optical transceiver includes a first TSV interposer and a second TSV interposer separately attached nearby the Si-photonics chip on the PCB. Furthermore, the optical transceiver includes a driver chip flip-bonded partially on the Si-photonics chip through a first sets of bumps and partially on the first TSV interposer through a second sets of bumps. Moreover, the optical transceiver includes a transimpedance amplifier module chip flip-bonded partially on the Si-photonics chip through a third sets of bumps and partially on the second TSV interposer through a fourth set of bumps.

Abstract: An optical fiber cable comprising a stack of optical fiber ribbons. The stack comprises corner fibers at the corners of the stack, edge fibers the edges of the stack, and internal fibers that are internal to the stack. The corner fibers have a higher tolerance to fiber bending (or lower sensitivity to bending) than the internal fibers.

Abstract: An optical fiber cable comprising 200 micrometer (?m) optical fibers (fibers with an outer diameter of approximately 200 ?m) that are located within buffer tubes. This permits fiber packing densities of 3.8 fibers/mm2 or higher. The buffer tubes have wall thicknesses (tbuffer) between approximately 7.5 percent (7.5%) and approximately 30% of the buffer tube's outer diameter (ODbuffer), and a Young's modulus that is between approximately 750 mega-pascals (MPa) and 2,200 MPa, thereby providing the necessary structural integrity to resist kinking yet maintain flexibility.

Abstract: Example telecommunications apparatus (100) include an enclosure (103) having an enclosure base (101) and a enclosure cover (102) that join together at a sealed interface. The enclosure cover (102) is latchable to the enclosure base (101). A splice tray assembly (106) is disposed within the interior (104) of the enclosure (103). The splice tray assembly (106) includes splice trays (150) mounted to a manager insert. A splitter (192) may be provided on the manager insert. The manager insert also may include a groove plate (160) latched to abase plate (180). One or more port assemblies (107-109) enable cables to enter and/or exit the enclosure (103) through sealed cable ports (145-147). The port assemblies (107-109) may provide anchors (214, 234) for cable strength members and/or organizers (243, 244, 253, 254) for fiber tubes.

Abstract: A rack system comprising a plurality of removable housing modules each configured to hold a plurality of electronic modules in stepped rows, with the housing modules being arranged on a tray at least partly within a housing in a dense configuration, thereby providing ease of access to the electronic modules for routing wire connectors to each of the electronic modules in an organized manner.

Abstract: A micro-duct cable includes a center member and a plurality of buffer tubes surrounding the center member. A plurality of fibers are disposed in each of the plurality of buffer tubes. Each of the plurality of buffer tubes contains greater than or equal to 24 fibers. The micro-duct cable further includes a cable jacket surrounding the plurality of buffer tubes and the center member. A maximum outer diameter of the cable is less than 13 millimeters and a modulus of elasticity of the cable is greater than or equal to 800 kpsi.

Abstract: An optical barrel assembly includes a barrel having an inner bottom surface and an inner lateral surface extending from the inner bottom surface, the inner bottom and lateral surfaces defining a cylindrical housing, and a first element surrounded by the inner lateral surface of the barrel, wherein an outer perimeter of the first element has a different shape than a perimeter defined by the cylindrical housing.

Abstract: A lens module includes a lens barrel having a top wall that has a bottom surface, and a lens group received by the lens barrel. The lens group includes a first lens adjacent to the top wall and a second lens attached to the first lens. A first complementary configuration is arranged between the first lens and the top wall of the lens barrel for ensuring a concentricity between the lens group and the lens barrel, and a second complementary configuration is arranged between the first lens and the second lens for ensuring a concentricity between the first lens and the second lens.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lens driving apparatus. The lens driving apparatus includes a base, a yoke coupled to the base, having an upper surface formed with a hole, a closed side surface, and an opened bottom surface, a bobbin movably installed in an inner portion of the yoke, a lens module coupled to the bobbin to go in and out the hole according to movement of the bobbin, a magnet fixed to an inner portion of the yoke, a coil fixed to an outer portion of the bobbin while facing the magnets, and springs coupled to the bobbin to provide restoration force to the bobbin.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a lens moving apparatus including a bobbin including a first coil disposed on an outer circumferential surface thereof, a housing provided with first and second magnets for moving the bobbin by interaction with the first coil, upper and lower elastic members each coupled to both the bobbin and the housing, and a first position sensor for detecting a sum of intensities of magnetic fields of the first and second magnets, wherein the first position sensor is disposed in a space between the first magnet and the second magnet when the bobbin is disposed at an initial position.

Abstract: A camera module is provided, the camera module including a mover mounted with a lens, a stator movably supporting the mover to an optical axis direction of the lens, and a ball interposed between the mover and the stator, wherein a first rail is provided on the mover to allow a relative movement of the ball to the mover to the optical axis direction, and a second rail is provided on the stator opposite to the first rail to allow a relative movement of the ball to the stator to the optical axis direction, and wherein the ball linearly travels along the optical axis direction when the mover and the stator relatively move.

Abstract: A mirror assembly mountable to a wall includes a mirror platform having a front surface and a rear surface, a chassis engageable with the mirror platform to define a mirror assembly interior, at least one electrical component disposed within the mirror assembly interior, and a mounting structure. The mounting structure includes a support member mounted to one of the rear surface of the mirror platform and the chassis and a hanger member mounted to the other of the rear surface of the mirror platform and the chassis. The hanger member is removably securable on the support member to mount the mirror platform to the chassis.

Abstract: An interference objective lens includes: an objective lens system; a beam splitter which is placed between a measurement surface of a measuring object and a tip end of the objective lens, which diverges light emitted from the objective lens into a reference optical path and a measurement optical path, and which outputs combined wave in which reflection light passing through the reference optical path and reflection light passing through the measuring object are combined; a reference mirror which is placed in the reference optical path and which reflects, by the beam splitter, light diverged into the reference optical path; a mirror holding member which has a spherical surface-shaped outer surface, and which holds the reference mirror such that a reflection surface of the reference mirror passes through a center of a spherical surface; a support member which has a spherical surface-shaped inner surface having a diameter which is substantially equal to the outer surface of the mirror holding member, and which s

Abstract: In the image capturing apparatus, the optical path difference producing member is disposed on the second optical path. Thereby, it is possible to suppress the amount of light when an optical image which is focused at the front of an optical image made incident into the first imaging device (front focus) and an optical image which is focused at the rear thereof (rear focus) are respectively imaged at the second imaging device and also to secure the amount of light on image pickup by the first imaging device. Further, in the image capturing apparatus, a position of the first imaging region and a position of the second imaging region on the imaging area are reversed with respect to the axis P in association with reversal of a scanning direction of the sample. Therefore, despite the scanning direction of the sample, it is possible to obtain a deviation direction of the focus position under the same conditions.

Abstract: A wafer-level lens forming method for forming an aperture wafer wherein the aperture wafer is stacked with one or more lens wafers to form apertured lens systems. The aperture wafer is formed by lithographically depositing an opaque layer on a transparent film, which is supported by a substrate. The aperture wafer is stacked with one or more lens wafers, and appropriate spacing between the wafers is set with spacer wafers. The substrate is removed, and the lens and aperture wafers are adhered together in a stack to form an optical system. The method avoids accumulation of residual material on the lens during the opaque-layer deposition process. The resulting optical system benefits from added flexibility of the lens system design due to the ability to locate the aperture with respect to one or more lenses independently of the lens wafers.

Abstract: A reflective optics system that requires the presence of both convex and a concave mirrors that have beam reflecting surfaces. Application thereof achieves focusing of a beam of electromagnetic radiation with minimized effects on a polarization state of an input beam state of polarization that results from adjustment of angles of incidence and reflections from the various mirrors involved. This invention is also a combination of a focusing element and a filtering element that provides an optimum electromagnetic beam cross-sectional area based on optimizing the beam cross-sectional area in view of conflicting effects of aberration and diffraction inherent in said focusing element, which, for each wavelength, vary oppositely to one another with electromagnetic beam cross-sectional area.

Abstract: Selected embodiments include an imager providing wide field (WFOV) and foveated images. The imager includes a frontend optic receiving light. Corrective optics reduces distortions, and transmits the light to a splitter. One portion of the light exiting the splitter is focused on a WFOV image detector. A second portion falls on a scanning mirror targeting a selected field position. The light is corrected by an adaptive corrector, which may be configured for field position-dependent correction. The light from the corrector is focused on a foveated image detector. An eye tracker may be employed to select the foveated position corresponding to user gaze direction. Another imager includes a configurable corrector in the imager's optical stop. Free space optical (FSO) communication laser may be combined with a foveated/WFOV imager, with a corrector of the imager correcting the FSO light and a scanning component selecting transmission direction for the FSO light.

Abstract: Lighting devices and methods for providing daylight to the interior of a structure are disclosed. Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a daylighting device including a tube having a sidewall with a reflective interior surface, a light collecting assembly, and a light reflector positioned to reflect daylight into the light collector. In some embodiments, the light collector is associated with one or more light-turning and/or light reflecting structures configured to increase the amount of light captured by the daylighting device. Optical elements may allow for the absorption and/or selective transmission of infrared light away from an interior of the daylighting device.

Abstract: Provided is a driving control method of an objective lens in which an optical-axis chromatic aberration can be corrected by driving the objective lens, and an image can be quickly captured by realizing a quick driving and stabilizing of the objective lens so as to acquire a three-dimensional image at a high speed. A driving control method of the objective lens driven by a piezoelectric actuator provided in a fluorescence microscope includes a first step of applying a pulse voltage larger than a displacement voltage making the objective lens move to a focal position of an observation target to the piezoelectric actuator for a predetermined time so as to move the objective lens near the focal position, and a second step of applying the displacement voltage to the piezoelectric actuator after the first step to stabilize the objective lens.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to autofocus subsystems within optical instruments that continuously monitor the focus of the optical instruments and adjust distances within the optical instrument along the optical axis in order to maintain a precise and stable optical-instrument focus at a particular point or surface on, within, or near a sample. Certain embodiments of the present invention operate asynchronously with respect to operation of other components and subsystems of the optical instrument in which they are embedded. In one embodiment the autofocus detector comprises a beam splitter arranged to split the autofocus light beam into a plurality (n) of down-stream light beams and a photodetector arrangement for registering the intensity of each one of the down-stream light beams.

Abstract: A method for manipulating an object for imaging by an imaging device includes the steps of rotating the object about a rotation axis into a plurality of angular positions; capturing an image of the object at each of the plurality of angular positions; and determining a respective translation required of the object for the plurality of angular positions, the translation being along a plane substantially orthogonal to the rotation axis; wherein the respective translation is arranged to align the object to the rotation axis so as to maintain the object within a field of view of the imaging device.

Abstract: A measuring device includes: a placement unit that places thereon a measurement object; an alignment microscope that observes an area including a measurement reference position of the measurement object placed on the placement unit; an capturing unit that captures an image of the area including the measurement reference position observed by the alignment microscope; a detection unit that detects the measurement reference position based on image data of the image captured by the capturing unit; a reference coordinate creating unit that creates a reference coordinate system based on the measurement reference position detected by the detection unit; a specifying unit that specifies a predetermined measurement position of the measurement object in the reference coordinate system created by the reference coordinate creating unit; and a measuring unit that measures at least one of surface roughness and surface shape of the predetermined measurement position of the measurement object specified by the specifying unit

Abstract: An optical filter includes a first substrate which has a support portion, a second substrate which is supported by the support portion, a first optical film which is provided on the first substrate, and a second optical film which is provided on the second substrate to face the first optical film. The first substrate and the second substrate are fixed to each other by bonding a first bonding film which is provided on the entire region of a support surface of the support portion supporting the second substrate and a second bonding film which is provided on at least a region (opposing surface) facing the entire region of the support surface from a supported surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: An optical filter includes: a first substrate; a second substrate opposed to the first substrate; a first reflecting film provided to the first substrate; a second reflecting film provided to the second substrate and opposed to the first reflecting film; a first electrode provided to the first substrate in a peripheral area of the first reflecting film; a second electrode provided to the first substrate in a peripheral area of the first electrode; a third electrode provided to the second substrate and opposed to the first electrode; and a fourth electrode provided to the second substrate and opposed to the second electrode.

Abstract: A method for fabricating electronic displays comprises placing a fluoropolymer layer on a support plate for the electronic display device and etching the fluoropolymer layer. Etching changes a surface of the fluoropolymer layer so that the fluoropolymer layer becomes less hydrophobic. Pixel walls are formed on the hydrophilic surface of the fluoropolymer layer to form an array of electrowetting display elements. The fluoropolymer layer is subsequently immersed in a vapor or a liquid that is heated to heat the surface of the fluoropolymer layer. Such immersion allows the surface of the fluoropolymer layer to reflow and to become more hydrophobic.

Abstract: An electrostatically actuated oscillating structure includes a first stator subregion, a second stator subregion, a first rotor subregion and a second rotor subregion. Torsional elastic elements mounted to the first and second rotor subregions define an axis of rotation. A mobile element is coupled to the torsional elastic elements. The stator subregions are electrostatically coupled to respective regions of actuation on the mobile element. The stator subregions exhibit an element of structural asymmetry such that the electrostatic coupling surface between the first stator subregion and the first actuation region differs from the electrostatic coupling surface between the second stator subregion and the second actuation region.