Abstract: A compound that is 2,2,4,4-tetrasilylpentasilane, chemical compositions comprising same, methods of making and purifying 2,2,4,4-tetrasilylpentasilane, the purified 2,2,4,4-tetrasilylpentasilane prepared thereby, and methods of forming silicon-containing materials using 2,2,4,4-tetrasilylpentasilane as a precursor.

Abstract: The presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to hexagonal osmium boride, OsB2, and methods of producing the same. In one non-limiting embodiment, hexagonal OsB2 is produced by mechanochemical synthesis of osmium and boron in a high energy ball mill.

Abstract: A method for producing antimony trisulfide can inexpensively produce antimony trisulfide that has a relatively low content of lead, arsenic, and crystalline silica (i.e., impurities). The method includes charging a reaction vessel with an antimony trioxide powder and sulfur, and heating the inside of the reaction vessel to react antimony trioxide with sulfur. Since antimony trioxide is obtained by volatilization-oxidation refining, antimony trioxide has a small particle size and a large specific surface area, and exhibits good reactivity, and high-purity antimony trioxide having a low content of impurities (e.g., lead, arsenic, and crystalline silica) is easily available. It is possible to inexpensively produce antimony trisulfide having a low content of impurities by utilizing high-purity antimony trioxide as a raw material.

Abstract: An improved method for treating manganese-containing materials, such as seafloor manganese nodules, by leaching with aqueous HNO3 and NO gas, and more particularly to methods for recovering valuable constituents from such nodules, especially manganese, cobalt, nickel, iron, and copper. It also provides a method to leach manganese material to release the titanium, vanadium, cerium, molybdenum and other metals from the manganese oxides and to make them available to be recovered.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling chemical properties of a body of water, the apparatus comprising: a housing, said housing comprising: a water sample collecting subassembly; chemical reagent dispensing subassembly; a water diagnostic subassembly; and a control module, said control module disposed on the housing, said control module comprising: a means for inputting desired functional parameters and water chemical properties into the apparatus; a means for measuring the actual physical conditions of the water; a means for comparing the actual physical conditions of the water to the desired physical conditions of the water; and a means for instructing the system to dispense chemical reagents to the water at a rate and dosage necessary to cause the water to generally achieve the desired physical conditions within a desired period of time and for a desired time period; and a means for displaying the apparatus parameters and water chemical properties in human readable form.

Abstract: Water containing one or more solvents miscible in the water is heated to its boiling point. Air is introduced into the vapor mixture of steam and the miscible solvent at an air-to-steam volumetric ratio that is sufficient to get good transfer of the miscible solvent from the steam to air and provides an equilibrium temperature of the steam-air mixture compatible with operations of the heat exchanger. The mixture of gases is then rapidly cooled to condense the steam into water so that a substantial portion of the miscible solvent remains volatilized in the air. The air and condensed steam fractions are separated.

Abstract: A method for on-site aerial dissemination of Oxidatively Converted particles of contamination with substantial atmospheric disposal, commonly known as aerosolization, of the water component of all untreated or partially treated leachates and all untreated or partially treated wastewaters. These leachates and wastewaters (defined as water containing 2 or more detectable and known contaminants) are collected on site and the defined leachate or defined wastewater, having multiple defined and known contaminating suspended and perhaps precipitated solids therein, and aerially disseminating or aerially oxidizing or commonly known aerosolizing said contaminants over a chosen contaminant collections area (defined as 1-300 meters from the nozzles) and disposing of the water component of the leachate or wastewater through atmospheric disposal and lastly evaporation on the site of the leachate or wastewaters' generation.

Abstract: The invention concerns a treated water purification system (18) comprising a closed water flow loop (107) said loop comprising at least one treated water supply point (A), at least one point of use (U) of purified water, a pump means (101), a sterilization means (106) and a filtration means (103), characterized in that the zone (106) comprises the supply point (A) and a water extraction point (P), situated upstream of the supply point (A), and in that the extraction point (P) and the supply point (A) are both situated in a sector (106B) of the sterilization zone (106) that is isolated from the two connection points (RM, RV) of the loop (107) to the zone (106) by two other sectors (106A, 106C) of the zone (106). Method for use of such a system.

Abstract: A method for treating an oil-containing aqueous mixture comprising the step of passing the mixture (1) through a media (6) comprising a bead-form cation exchange resin combined with a cationic surfactant, wherein the resin includes a sulfonated crosslinked copolymer matrix having a rough surface characterized by having a frequency of at least 5 peaks and valleys per sample surface area (283 um×212 um), where the difference between the average height of the 5 highest peaks and the 5 lowest valleys is at least 6 ?m.

Abstract: A high velocity cross flow dynamic membrane filtration system includes a disc membrane assembly having a frame and at least two support shafts. Each support shaft defines a longitudinal axis about which is positioned a plurality of axially spaced membrane discs, with each shaft further coupled to the frame. A permeate tube is coupled to each support shaft and in fluid communication with the membrane discs associated with that support shaft. A vessel defines a treatment chamber and is configured to removably support the disc membrane assembly within the treatment chamber. The vessel further includes a wall. The filtration system also includes a drive system. The permeate tubes are configured to extend through a portion of the vessel wall when the disc membrane assembly is positioned within the treatment chamber. The permeate tubes are further configured for rotation by the drive system.

Abstract: A system and method for capture of ammonia and phosphorus from an ammonia and phosphorus containing liquid effluent. The invention allows for the precipitation of phosphorus from said liquid effluent that has been under low aeration and has a pH of greater than about pH 9.

Abstract: Methods for the use of peracid compositions having decreased hydrogen peroxide concentration for various water treatments, including oil- and gas-field operations, and/or other aseptic treatments are disclosed. In numerous aspects, peracetic acid is the preferred peracid and is treated with a peroxide-reducing agent to substantially reduce the hydrogen peroxide content. Methods for using the treated peracid compositions for treatment of drilling fluids, frac fluids, flow back waters and disposal waters are also disclosed for improving water condition, reducing oxidizing damage associated with hydrogen peroxide and/or reducing bacteria infestation.

Abstract: A compact and portable liquid concentrator includes a gas inlet, a gas exit and a flow corridor connecting the gas inlet and the gas exit, wherein the flow corridor includes a narrowed portion that accelerates the gas through the flow corridor. A liquid inlet injects liquid into the gas stream at a point prior to the narrowed portion so that the gas-liquid mixture is thoroughly mixed within the flow corridor, causing a portion of the liquid to be evaporated. A demister or fluid scrubber downstream of the narrowed portion removes entrained liquid droplets from the gas stream and re-circulates the removed liquid to the liquid inlet through a re-circulating circuit. Fresh liquid to be concentrated is also introduced into the re-circulating circuit at a rate sufficient to offset the amount of liquid evaporated in the flow corridor.

Abstract: A sludge dehydrating system and a method thereof based on a thermal hydrolysis technology include: a homogeneous slurry unit, a hydrothermal unit, a flash reactor, a waste heat recovery unit, and a dehydrator; wherein a viscosity of sludge is lowered by homogenously slurrying before entering a pump, which is conducive to transportation; a sludge tank firstly crashes and then quantitatively transports for improving a homogenizing efficiency; a diluent is sludge dehydrated filtrate which is mixed with flash steam in an ejector, wherein an mixing efficiency is high; during homogenously slurrying, waste steam generated is added into a sludge diluent pipe for being absorbed; a hydrothermal unit include a variety of forms such as an intermittent form and a continuous form, in such a manner that reaction parameters, especially reaction time are effectively guaranteed; the flash steam enters the homogeneous slurry unit for heating the sludge.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling the flow of vitrified material. In at least some embodiments, a vitrified material control system comprises a melt chamber (8) configured to contain a molten material (27) during operation of the control system; a siphon valve (11) configured to facilitate a flow of the molten material from the melt chamber; and a vacuum-generation system (26, 15, 16) configured to controllably deliver a vacuum to the molten material in the melt chamber and to thereby regulate a flow of the molten material from the melt chamber. In other embodiments, methods of controlling a flow of molten vitrified material from a heating device are disclosed. The methods may include, for example, applying a vacuum to the molten material to control a dwell time of the molten material in a vessel of the heating device and regulating the vacuum based on a measured temperature of the molten material.

Abstract: A glass sheet forming system (10) has two parallel forming lines (12) that can utilize any two of three forming stations (18) to provide versatility in use for forming different glass sheet jobs of different sizes and shapes while reducing switchover time from one job to the next.

Abstract: Processes and systems for producing glass fibers having regions devoid of glass using submerged combustion melters, including feeding a vitrifiable feed material into a feed inlet of a melting zone of a melter vessel, and heating the vitrifiable material with at least one burner directing combustion products of an oxidant and a first fuel into the melting zone under a level of the molten material in the zone. One or more of the burners is configured to impart heat and turbulence to the molten material, producing a turbulent molten material comprising a plurality of bubbles suspended in the molten material, the bubbles comprising at least some of the combustion products, and optionally other gas species introduced by the burners. The molten material and bubbles are drawn through a bushing fluidly connected to a forehearth to produce a glass fiber comprising a plurality of interior regions substantially devoid of glass.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a glass for chemical strengthening which is capable of improving strength as compared with an ordinary soda lime silicate glass even when the same chemical strengthening treatment as that in a conventional process is applied and has good devitrification characteristics, a chemically strengthened glass using the glass for chemical strengthening, and a method for producing the chemically strengthened glass. The present invention provides a glass for chemical strengthening having a specific glass composition described in the present specification.

Abstract: To provide a near infrared cutoff filter glass which is excellent in optical properties such that the transmittance of visible light is high, and the transmittance of near infrared light is low. A near infrared cutoff filter glass comprising components of P, F, Al, R (R is at least one member selected from Li, Na and K), R? (R? is at least one member selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Zn) and Cu, wherein (Cu+/the total amount of Cu)×100[%] is within a range of from 0.01 to 4.0%.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an insulation material for a conductor bar of an electric machine. An object of the invention is to provide for an alternative insulation material in the field of electric machines. The object is solved by an insulation material for a conductor bar for an electric machine comprising glass-ceramic flakes made from a heat treated silica glass precursor in the shape of flakes. Further disclosed are a corresponding method and the use of glass-ceramic flakes as an insulation material for a conductor bar of an electric machine.

Abstract: A method of bonding a high-strength zirconia post serving as a core in a glass-ceramic block, a method of bonding a metal link fastened with an implant fixture to the zirconia post, and glass-ceramic bondable to the zirconia post and a preparation method thereof, when preparing artificial teeth through a CAD/CAM processing method by using the glass-ceramic block as an artificial-teeth material. The lithium disilicate glass-ceramics containing cristobalite crystalline includes glass-ceramics composition including 10 to 15 wt % Li2O, 68 to 76 wt % SiO2, 2 to 5 wt % P2O5 working as a nuclei formation agent, 0 to 5 wt % Al2O3 to increase glass transition temperature and softening temperature and increase chemical durability of the glass, 2 to 3 wt % ZrO2, 0.5 to 3 wt % CaO for enhancing a thermal expansion coefficient of the glass, 0.5 to 5 wt % Na2O, 0.5 to 5 wt % K2O, and 1 to 2 wt % colorants, and 0 to 2.0 wt % mixture of MgO, ZnO, F, and La2O3.

Abstract: An inorganic fiber containing silica and magnesia as the major fiber components which further includes an intended strontium oxide additive to improve the thermal stability of the fiber. The inorganic fiber exhibits good thermal performance at 1260° C. and greater for 24 hours or more, retains mechanical integrity after exposure to the use temperature, and exhibits low biopersistence in physiological fluids. Also provided are thermal insulation product forms, methods of preparing the inorganic fiber and of thermally insulating articles using thermal insulation prepared from a plurality of the inorganic fibers.

Abstract: Described herein are aqueous acidic glass etching solutions or media comprising HF and H2SO4, wherein HF is present in concentrations not exceeding about 1.3M. The etching solutions are used to treat glass articles such as thin glass sheets at above-ambient temperatures to etch slight thicknesses of surface glass therefrom, the etching solutions exhibiting improved stability against dissolved glass precipitation and rapid glass removal rates at slightly elevated temperatures.

Abstract: The invention relates to: a composition for the cold-end treatment of hollow glass articles, characterized in that it is an aqueous solution containing 0.01% to 1% by weight of solids of carnauba wax; a process for the cold-end treatment of hollow glass articles, comprising the spraying of this composition; and a hollow glass article thus obtained.

Abstract: An industrial decoration method in which a colored pattern (11) is made in the bulk of an article (1) made of transparent glass of composition including at least one metallic oxide of silver, of gold, or of copper, said method including the following successive steps: a step of laser irradiating the zone of said glass article that is to be colored; and a final step of annealing the irradiated glass; and being characterized in that a glass composition is used that includes cerium and that has a total content of antimony plus tin that is less than 100 ppm, and in that the step of laser irradiating the zone that is to be colored is performed with laser irradiation having a pulse duration that is less than or equal to 10?11 s, while delivering power to the glass at greater than 1012 W/cm2, and more preferably lying in the range 1012 W/cm2 to 5×1014 W/cm2 for decorating and marking glass articles.

Abstract: A method of producing a gypsum binder, the method including dehydrating of gypsum raw material lumps by heating in a gaseous medium with further drying, cooling, and milling stages, wherein the heating gypsum raw material lumps is performed either by: (i) placing the lumps in a heating medium set to a temperature exceeding the temperature under which dehydration and formation of gypsum ?-hemihydrate occurs; and/or (ii) placing the lumps in a heating medium having a high rate of temperature increase such that a temperature higher than the temperature under which dehydration and formation of gypsum ?-hemihydrate occurs is reached; wherein a heating time is selected sufficient for completion of the process of gypsum ?-modification formation within the gypsum lumps, and wherein the heating is performed under atmospheric pressure through lump surface.

Abstract: Fiber cement material, which contains organic fibers, is used as an additional raw material for the production of cement clinker. The cement clinker is produced in a system which comprises a cyclone tower (11) and a rotating drum kiln (15). The cyclone tower (11) comprises cyclones (1-5) and a pre-calciner unit (10) wherein fuel is combusted to feed the cyclone tower with heat. The raw clinker meal is passed through the cyclone tower to preheat it. By the combustion of the fuel in the pre-calciner unit (10) a hot zone is produced in the cyclone tower wherein the raw clinker meal is calcined.

Abstract: A method of treating an acid effluent including phosphoric acid in accordance with various embodiments may include: providing an acid effluent including phosphoric acid; adding a base and silicon particles from a further effluent to the acid effluent including phosphoric acid so that a mixture is obtained and a solid content is formed; separating from the mixture a solid content including silicon and a salt resulting from a reaction of the base with the acid, so that a clarified effluent can be rejected in the environment and a filter press cake can be obtained and further used as additive for concrete.

Abstract: The invention relates to dispersants for inorganic particles, preferably for hydraulic binders, which comprises the following structural units: i) at least one triazine structural unit, ii) at least one polyalkylene glycol structural unit, and iii) at least two phosphoric ester structural units on at least one carbon atom of one or more aromatic triazine rings of the formulae (IIa) and/or (IIb): —N—(CH2CH2—O—PO3H2)2,??(IIa) and —NH—CH2CH2—O—PO3H2.??(IIb) The invention also relates to a process for preparing the dispersants, to building material mixtures comprising one or more dispersants and one or more inorganic binders. The invention relates to the use of the dispersants as a water reducing agent, as a means for reducing the viscosity and for enhancing the early strengths of aqueous inorganic binders, and also to the use as a grinding aid in the production of cement.

Abstract: Water-redispersible polymer powder compositions having cationic functionality are prepared by radically polymerizing one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of a protective colloid and/or emulsifier in an aqueous medium, and drying the resulting aqueous polymer dispersion after addition of a catonic protective colloid as a drying aid, the cationic protective colloid comprising a homopolymer or copolymer of one or more cationic monomers having a quaternary ammonium halide group, with 50 wt % to 100 wt % of the halide ions in the quaternary ammonium halide groups having been replaced by nonhalide anions, and with the fraction of halide ions being less than 1 wt %, based on the total weight of the polymer powder composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a construction chemical composition comprising Portland cement, a water retention agent, a dispersing agent, and a hardening accelerator comprising calcium-silicate-hydrate, as well as a mortar composition containing said construction chemical composition. Although the composition is based on Portland cement it has a pull-off strength after 6 h meeting the DIN requirements and can therefore be used as a fast setting tile mortar.

Abstract: A hydraulic binder includes, as percentage by mass: from 17 to 55% of a Portland cement, the particles of which have a D50 of from 2 ?m to 11 ?m; at least 5% of silica fume; from 36 to 70% of a mineral addition A1, the particles of which have a D50 of from 15 to 150 ?m; the sum of these percentages being from 80 to 100%; the sum of the percentages of cement and of silica fume being greater than 28%; the mineral addition A1 being selected from slags, pozzolanic additions or siliceous additions such as quartz, silico-calcareous mineral additions, calcareous additions such as calcium carbonate or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides novel, microstructured clinker and cement materials that are characterized by superior grindability and reactivity. The disclosed clinker and cement materials are based on carbonatable calcium silicate and can be made from widely available, low cost raw materials via a process suitable for large-scale production. The method of the invention is flexible in equipment and processing requirements and is readily adaptable to manufacturing facilities of conventional Portland cement.

Abstract: The present invention provides: an oxide sintered body having superior manufacturing stability, film stability, discharge stability, and mechanical strength; a process for manufacturing the same; and an oxide film obtained by using the oxide sintered body and having an intermediate refractive index. The oxide sintered body comprising In and Si, wherein a Si content is 0.65 to 1.75 in Si/In atomic ratio, a relative density is 90% or more, and a bending strength is 90 N/mm2 or more, is manufactured, and the oxide film with refractive index of 1.70 to 1.90 by a sputtering process using the oxide sintered body is manufactured.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a molded body, having a silicon carbide support matrix and an integral carbon structure, wherein a base body on the basis of a powder mixture containing silicon carbide or silicon and carbon and of a binder is built in layers in a generative method, and wherein a pyrolysis of the base body is effected for realizing the molded body after the binder has been cured, wherein the carbon content of the carbon structure is adjusted by way of the pyrolysis of the binder and by way of the carbon content of the powder mixture or infiltration of a carbon material into the silicon carbide support matrix.

Abstract: A part including a substrate in which at least a portion adjacent to a surface of the substrate is made of a refractory material containing silicon, is protected by an environmental barrier formed on the surface of the substrate and having at least a self-healing layer containing a rare earth silicate. The self-healing layer is formed: for at least 90 mol %, by a system constituted by 30 mol % to at most 80 mol % of at least one rare earth silicate RE2Si2O7, RE being a rare earth, and at least 20 mol % to 70 mol % of manganese oxide MnO; and for at most 10 mol %, by one or more oxides other than MnO, having a eutectic point with SiO2 less than or equal to 1595° C.; the self-healing layer presenting a liquid phase having a self-healing function at least throughout the temperature range 1200° C. to 1400° C., while conserving a majority solid phase.

Abstract: A methanation reactor for reacting dihydrogen with a carbon-based compound and producing methane. The reactor has a hollow body configured to receive a fluidized bed of catalytic particles, an inlet for each carbon-based compound and dihydrogen, and an outlet for methane and water. A water inlet is provided to inject liquid-phase cooling water into the fluidized bed. When each carbon-based compound is a gas, the reactor has at least one water-injection nozzle and at least one gas injection nozzle for a gas consisting of the carbon-based gas and dihydrogen, and at least one water-injection nozzle positioned below the gas-injection nozzle. The flow rate of water introduced into the hollow body can depend on the temperature measured in the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing chemical grade BTX from a mixed feedstream comprising C5-C12 hydrocarbons by contacting said feedstream in the presence of hydrogen with a catalyst having hydrocracking/hydrodesulphurization activity. Particularly, a process for producing BTX from a feedstream comprising C5-C12 hydrocarbons is provided comprising the steps of: (a) contacting said feedstream in the presence of hydrogen with a combined hydrocracking/hydrodesulphurization catalyst to produce a hydrocracking product stream comprising BTX; and (b) separating the BTX from the hydrocracking product stream. The hydrocracking/hydrodesulphurization catalyst comprises 0.1-1 wt-% hydrogenation metal in relation to the total catalyst weight. The hydrocracking/hydrodesulphurization catalyst further comprises a zeolite having a pore size of 5-8 ? and a silica (SiO2) to alumina (Al2O3) molar ratio of 5-200. The hydrocracking/hydrodesulphurization conditions include a temperature of 450-580° C.

Abstract: A catalyst bed system, and a dehydrogenation process using the same, including a horizontal catalyst bed having a mixture of at least one catalytic material and at least one first inert material, a predetermined volume of at least one second inert material arranged upstream of the catalyst bed, wherein the volume of the reactor above the catalyst bed system is not filled by any solid material (empty space). The volume of the second inert material and the volume of the reactor above the second inert material (empty space) is between 0.04 and 0.73, preferably between 0.06 and 0.3, most preferably between 0.09 and 0.2.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated process and system to generate power and convert acyclic C5 feedstock to non-aromatic, cyclic C5 hydrocarbon. A combustion device, such as a turbine, and reactor tubes containing catalyst compound are disclosed. A process involving contacting acyclic C5 feedstock with catalyst composition and obtaining cyclic C5 hydrocarbon is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for separating isomers by simulated moving bed (SMB) adsorption, comprising separating the raw materials comprising isomers by SMB adsorption, said SMB comprising many adsorption beds each of which is equipped with grids, each of the grids being equipped with the feedstock inlet and outlet pipeline of the bed, the feedstock charged into and discharged from SMB at least comprising feedstocks, desorbent, extract, and raffinate, the extract being enriched with the target product, characterized in that the extract is used as a flushing liquid and respectively charged to first or second bed at the upstream of the feedstock charging position and to one of second to fourth beds at the downstream of the extract withdrawing position. Such process is used for separation of C8 aromatic isomers by adsorption, and can improve the capacity of the device while effectively increasing the purity of the target product separated by adsorption.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides separation processes that use azeotropic or azeotropic-like compositions of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd) that allow for improved recovery rates of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene during or after manufacturing processes. Such recovery or separation processes can utilize the unique properties of azeotropic or azeotropic-like composition with various combinations of separation techniques (e.g., distillation and decanting) that yield highly pure compositions of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and simultaneously offer high yields of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. Such highly pure compositions of 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene may find useful applications in polymer technology as monomers or comonomers.

Abstract: Methods to synthesize fuels and chemicals from natural gas liquids are described. Higher alcohols are synthesized starting from natural gas liquid compounds by converting an alkane from a NGL to an olefin, dimerizing said olefin, and, hydrating said olefin product to form a higher alcohol. Higher alcohols are synthesized starting from natural gas liquid compounds by converting an alkane from a NGL to an olefin, oxidizing the olefin to form a ketone or aldehyde and, hydrogenating the aldehyde or ketone product to form a higher alcohol. Thus, NGL component butane may be dehydrogenated to form butane, butylene is oxidized in the presence of a catalyst to form methylethyl ketone and methylethyl ketone hydrogenated to form butanol.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems for the simultaneous production of oxo-alcohols comprising n-butanol, isobutanol, and 2-ethylhexanol. Also disclosed are methods and systems for simultaneous production of plasticizers using the disclosed oxo-alcohols.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of ethylene glycol comprising the steps of hydrogenating a composition comprising C2-oxygenate compounds in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 2,3,5-trimethyl benzoquinone or a compound containing 2,3,5-trimethyl benzoquinone, the method comprising the following steps: Oxidation of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in a two- or multi-phase reaction medium in the presence of a catalyst or catalyst system containing at least one copper (II)-halide to a mixture containing 2,3,5-trimethyl benzoquinone, characterized in that the reaction medium contains water and at least one secondary aliphatic acyclic alcohol having 6 or more, preferably 7 or more, carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of organic synthesis and more specifically it concerns a process for the preparation of homoallylic alcohol derivatives as defined in formula (I) via a reaction of alkene of formula (II) with an aldehyde.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system (100) for regenerating MEG, the system (100) comprising at least one flash drum (101) adapted to increase the temperature of rich MEG. At least one settling tank (102) is fluidly connected to the flash drum (101) where low solubility salts in the rich MEG are precipitated. Further, at least one filter unit (103) is fluidly connected to downstream of settling tank (102), and is configured to separate low solubility salt precipitates from the rich MEG. Furthermore, at least one storage tank (104) is positioned downstream of the filter unit (103), which is configured to receive and accumulate filtrate containing rich MEG. A reclamation column (105) is fluidly connected to the storage tank (104), which comprises a distillation chamber (106) and vane-mesh assembly (107) configured to produce lean MEG. The system (100) also has water handling capacity from 400 m3/day to 450 m3/day.

Abstract: This invention discloses an approach for the separation of the close-boiling mixture of polyols. The raw material is ethylene glycol containing miscellaneous polyols (such as 1,2-propylene glycol and 1,2-butanediol). Over an acid catalyst, these miscellaneous polyols, through (1) a dehydration reaction, (2) pinacol rearrangement, and (3) acetalization or ketalization reaction, are converted into aldehydes (small amounts), acetals, and ketals (trace amount), which are simultaneously and readily separated via distillation. Meanwhile, after the reaction, the mixture is further separated to obtain an ethylene glycol product at a high purity. The invention provides a technique to remove the miscellaneous polyols from ethylene glycol via liquid-phase dehydration reactions under mild conditions, with low energy consumption. In particular, this approach is markedly effective for the removal of 1,2-butanediol that is difficult to be removed via conventional techniques.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods, processes, and systems for utilizing the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol for hydrogen consuming reactions of biomass or biomass-derived molecules. The present invention relates to methods, processes, and systems for utilizing the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol for hydrogen consuming hydrogenation, hydrogenolysis, or hydrodeoxygenation reactions of biomass or biomass-derived molecules.