Abstract: System and method for discharging a capacitor. An example system includes a signal detector and a discharge control component. The signal detector is configured to receive an input signal and generate a detection signal based on at least information associated with the input signal, the input signal being associated with an alternate current signal received by a capacitor including a first capacitor terminal and a second capacitor terminal. The discharge control component configured to receive at least the detection signal and generate an output signal to discharge the capacitor if the detection signal satisfies one or more conditions.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a power reception device including: a power reception coil, a power reception unit, a notification unit, and a control unit. The power reception coil receives power from a power supply device in a non-contact manner. The power reception unit causes the received power as a charging current to flow to a load. The notification unit notifies that a relative position of the power reception device to the power supply device is inappropriate. The control unit starts charging by the charging current which is set to a first current value and controls the charging current so as to gradually increase the charging current. If the charging is stopped before the charging current reaches a second current value larger than the first current value, notification is performed that the relative position of the power reception device to the power supply device is inappropriate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for smart alarms are provided. A computer-implemented method includes: receiving, by a computing device, an input including a set alarm time; determining, by the computing device, a battery drain condition of the computing device; and based on the determining the battery drain condition, performing a step including one of: sounding the alarm prior to the set alarm time based on determining that a user-defined condition is met at a time of the battery drain condition; displaying a message on the computing device indicating the battery drain condition; and providing an alternate alert based on a detected sleep stage of a user corresponding to a predefined acceptable sleep stage.

Abstract: A hub electrically connected to an electronic equipment and at least a portable device located in external environment is provided. The hub includes a first connector, at least a second connector, and a first DC/DC converter. The first connector is electrically connected to the electronic equipment, the second connector is electrically connected to the portable device. Data transmission between the portable device and the electronic equipment mutually is via the signal transmission line, the first connector, and the second connector. An input terminal of the first DC/DC converter is electrically connected to the electronic equipment, and an output terminal of the first DC/DC converter is electrically connected to the portable device, the first DC/DC converter is applied to output stable voltage to the portable device.

Abstract: An adaptive charging system comprises at least one solar panel and a voltage regulator. The solar panel comprises a protective layer, a first EVA layer, a plurality of solar cells, a plurality of connectors, a second EVA layer and a first supporting layer. The plurality of solar cells are interconnected by the connectors, forming a main body layer. The protective layer, the first EVA layer, the main body layer, the second EVA layer and the first supporting layer are bonded together from top to bottom. The voltage regulator comprises a sampling logic power supply circuit, a microcontroller (MCU) logic circuit, a DC-DC charging circuit, a sampling current conditioning circuit, and a charging matching circuit. When the charging system charges Apple® devices, an automatic reset control logic can be implemented. The system detects the amount of light is changing based on the sampled voltage and the analog voltage signal, and monitors the detection for an additional duration of time.

Abstract: An adaptive charging system comprises at least one solar panel and a voltage regulator. The solar panel comprises a protective layer, a first EVA layer, a plurality of solar cells, a plurality of connectors, a second EVA layer and a first supporting layer. The plurality of solar cells are interconnected by the connectors, forming a main body layer. The protective layer, the first EVA layer, the main body layer, the second EVA layer and the first supporting layer are bonded together from top to bottom. The voltage regulator comprises a sampling logic power supply circuit, a microcontroller (MCU) logic circuit, a DC-DC charging circuit, a sampling current conditioning circuit, and a charging matching circuit. When the charging system charges Apple® devices, an automatic reset control logic can be implemented. The system detects the amount of light is changing based on the sampled voltage and the analog voltage signal, and monitors the detection for an additional duration of time.

Abstract: An electric generating system includes an electric generator, a driver, an electric power supply, an electric power storage device, a discharging switch, a charging switch and an electric power switch unit. The electric power supply supplies electric power to the driver to operate the electric generator to generate electric power. The electric power switch unit switches between a first mode, where the electric power switch unit charges the electric power storage device and controls the discharging switch to transmit electric power to the electric power supply, and a second mode, where operation of the discharging switch is stopped, and the electric power switch unit simultaneously charges the electric power supply and the charging switch.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes: a load; a first battery; a second battery; and a power supply control circuit configured to couple the first battery and the second battery to the load, wherein the power supply control circuit includes: a first switch including one end coupled to the first battery and the other end coupled to the load; a second switch including one end coupled to the second battery and the other end coupled to the load; and a first comparison circuit including a first input terminal coupled to an output terminal of the first battery and a second input terminal coupled to a threshold voltage and configured to control the first switch and the second switch based on a comparison result of an output voltage of the first battery and the threshold voltage and output a first battery selection signal indicating whether the first battery powers the load.

Abstract: A battery disconnecting device has a first input and a second input to which a battery can be connected, whereby the disconnecting device also has a first output and a second output to which an electric component can be connected, whereby at least one first circuit breaker is arranged between the first input and the first output, and at least one second circuit breaker is arranged between the second input and the second output, whereby the first circuit breaker is at least a transistor and the second circuit breaker is a relay.

Abstract: A battery charger for charging a battery with voltage from an input supply and method for using are disclosed. In one embodiment, the battery charger comprises a power path to drive the battery during a pulse charging sequence in a first mode and to reverse power flow from the battery when operating in a boost mode during the pulse charging sequence and an energy storage component coupled to the power path to capture pulse discharge energy during the pulse charging sequence when the circuit stage is operating in the boost mode.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method, apparatus and system to wirelessly charge a device without creating fire hazard or other risks to nearby sensitive objects. An exemplary embodiment includes a memory circuitry and a chipset. The chipset communicates with the memory circuitry and is configured to selectively communicate with one of a wireless charging module and an NFC module to detect presence of the sensitive device. The chipset can be further configured to: transmit a first polling signal at a first power level for a first duration and detect a response from the sensitive device; if no response is detected during the first duration, transmit a second polling signal at a second power level for a second duration; cease polling signal transmission if response is received to either the first or the second polling signals; and engage the wireless charging module to charge the proximally located wireless device if no response is detected from the sensitive device during the first or the second duration.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a charging pad have a plurality of metal contacts, and a fiber device having a plurality of non-conductive material and a plurality of conductive material. At least one of the plurality of conductive material may be aligned with at least one of the plurality of metal contacts.

Abstract: A wireless charging system and a method for tuning the wireless charging system is described. The system can include matching circuitry coupled to a transmission coil and a controller coupled to the matching circuitry. The transmission coil can have a load inductance. The controller can control the matching circuitry to adjust a voltage associated with the capacitance value based on the load inductance to cause the voltage associated with the capacitance value and a current associated with the capacitance value to be in phase.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a charging unit, a maintaining unit, and a control unit. The charging unit charges a battery device with power supplied from a power supply line of an external cable. The maintaining unit maintains a connected state to a predetermined voltage of a specific line of the external cable by using power supplied from the power supply line. The control unit controls the maintaining unit so that the connected state is maintained by the maintaining unit, in a case where the charging unit is charging the battery device with power supplied from the power supply line when the electronic device is set to a power-off state.

Abstract: Electrochemical models for the lithium-ion battery are useful in predicting and controlling its performance. The values of the parameters in these models are vital to their accuracy. However, not all parameters can be measured precisely, especially when destructive methods are prohibited. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a parameter estimation approach is used to estimate the open circuit potential of the positive electrode (Up) using piecewise linear approximation together with all the other parameters of a single particle model. Up and 10 more parameters may be estimated from a single discharge curve without knowledge of the electrode chemistry using a technique such as a genetic algorithm. Different case studies were presented for estimating Up with different types of parameters of the battery model. The estimated parameters were then validated by comparing simulations at different discharge rates with experimental data.

Abstract: Fault-tolerant power distribution systems for modular power plants are discussed. The systems enable the transmission of a portion of the power generated by a modular power plant to remote consumers. The systems also enable the local distribution of another portion of the generated power within the power plant. The various fault-tolerant systems enable the plant to continuously, and without degradation or disruption, transmit power to remote consumers and distribute power within in the power plant in the event of one or more faults within the distribution system. The various embodiments include redundant power-transmission paths, power-distribution module feeds, switchgear, and other hardware components.

Abstract: In one example, a circuit includes an input, an output, and a control module. The input is configured to receive a control signal indicating whether to activate or deactivate a load. The output is configured to supply current to activate the load. The control module is configured to determine whether a state of the circuit is a low current consumption mode (LCCM). In response to determining that the state of the circuit is not the LCCM, the control module is configured to determine whether the control signal indicates to activate the load and output, at the output, the current to activate the load. In response to determining that the state of the circuit is the LCCM, the control module is configured to ignore the control signal indicating whether to activate or deactivate the load and output, at the output, the current to activate the load.

Abstract: A power transmitting apparatus transmits power by a first wireless power transmission method, transmits power by a second wireless power transmission method, detects a wireless power transmission method supported by a power receiving apparatus, and determines whether power is transmitted to a first power receiving apparatus by the first power transmission method or the second power transmission method, based on a detected wireless power transmission method supported by the first power receiving apparatus and a detected wireless power transmission method supported by a second power receiving apparatus.

Abstract: A wireless power transmitter includes circuitry configured to determine a reflected impedance from a receiver coil at a transmitter coil and control a dead-time of one or more switching stages of a power conversion device based on the reflected impedance. A tunable matching network at the transmitter is controlled based on the reflected impedance and the dead-time of the one or more switching stages.

Abstract: A wireless power transfer device and method including a first coil of wire having a first winding to receive electrical current and emit a first electromagnetic field, a second coil of wire having a second winding to receive electrical current and emit a second electromagnetic field, the second electromagnetic field weaker than the first electromagnetic field. A combined electromagnetic field of the first electromagnetic field and the second electromagnetic field to transmit power wirelessly through a first external surface of the wireless power transfer device to a receiving device, and decay faster over distance through a second external surface of the wireless power transfer device than through the first external surface.

Abstract: One embodiment provides an apparatus for wireless power transmission, comprising: a resonator comprising: a three dimensional structure; and an energy storage mechanism operatively coupled to the three dimensional structure; wherein the three dimensional structure and energy storage mechanism produce standing electromagnetic waves upon driving the resonator. Other systems, methods, apparatuses, and products are described and claimed.

Abstract: A wireless power transmitting and charging system is disclosed. A method for operating a power transmitter of the wireless power transmitting and charging system comprises the steps of: maintaining a ping value table where ping signal conditions are mapped according to the height of a power receiver; recognizing the power receiver by varying a ping signal according to the ping signal conditions recorded in the ping value table; and controlling a charging mode according to a message received from the power receiver.

Abstract: A wireless power transmission device is disclosed. The device comprises: a charging pad; and a control unit included in the charging pad and specifying a power transmission group including a plurality of power transmission units for recognizing a wireless power reception device and at least one power transmission unit for transmitting power to the wireless power reception device, wherein the control unit can control a phase of the power transmission group for the wireless power reception device and adjust the power, to be transmitted to the wireless power reception device, of the power transmission group. Therefore, device efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: A transmitter for wireless power transfer is provided. The transmitter includes an input port, a first transmission port, a second transmission port, an inverter, and a controller. An input of the inverter is coupled to the input port, and an output of the inverter is coupled in parallel to the first and second transmission ports. The controller is programmed to control the inverter to modulate an output voltage at the output of the inverter such that power from the input port is transmitted at a first frequency through the first transmission port and at a second frequency through the second transmission port.

Abstract: An inductive power transmitter 2 comprising: a power transmitting coil 7 configured to receive an AC voltage; a capacitor 305 configured to connect in series with the coil 7; and a switch 303 configured to connect in series with the coil 7; wherein the switch 303 is switched based on a variable control effort parameter Vctrl configured to determine the current through the coil 7.

Abstract: A power receiver includes: a secondary-side resonant coil configured to receive electric power from a primary-side resonant coil through magnetic field resonance generated; a capacitor inserted in series in a resonant coil part of the secondary-side resonant coil; a series circuit, coupled in parallel with the capacitor, of a first switch and a second switch; a first rectifier coupled in parallel with the first switch, the first rectifier having a first rectification direction; a second rectifier coupled in parallel with the second switch and having a second rectification direction; a detector configured to detect the electric power received by the secondary-side resonant coil; and a controller configured to adjust phases of a first signal for switching on/off the first switch and of a second signal for switching on/off the second switch to adjust an amount of the electric power received by the secondary-side resonant coil.

Abstract: A power transmitter includes: a first resonator configured to wirelessly supply power to a power receiver and having an impedance that changes in response to a foreign material being proximate to the power transmitter; a second resonator having an impedance that changes in response to the foreign material being proximate to the power receiver; and controller configured to select either one of the first resonator and the second resonator in response to a wireless charging control, and to determine whether the foreign material is proximate to the power transmitter, based on a change in the impedance of the selected one of the first resonator and the second resonator.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for wireless charging are provided. Transmission power transmitted from a wireless power transmitter is received at a power receiver of a wireless power receiver. A battery of the wireless power receiver is charged with the received transmission power. It is determined whether the battery is fully charged. A packet from a communication unit of the wireless power receiver is transmitted to the wireless power transmitter when the battery is fully charged. An auxiliary charge of the battery is performed by receiving strength-reduced transmission power from the wireless power transmitter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a starter for a motor vehicle heat engine. The starter includes a rotary electric machine provided with a stator (3). The stator (3) includes a magnetic pole assembly wherein a permanent magnet (5) forms at least two poles of the magnetic pole assembly. The permanent magnet may have a cylindrical shape and be molded from a combination of magnetic particles embedded within a non-magnetic binder. Using this structure, the number of magnets used to create the stator may be limited in number, thereby limiting the necessary assembly steps to create the stator.

Abstract: A synchronous generator and a pole pack for a rotor of a synchronous generator of a wind power plant are disclosed The pole pack has a plurality of pole pack laminations, where each pole pack lamination includes a pole shank region and a pole head region. The pole head region projects laterally beyond the pole shank region and has a side which faces the pole shank region and a side which faces away from the pole shank region. A contour of the pole head region is ellipsoidal at least on the side which faces away from the pole shank region.

Abstract: Disclosed are a permanent magnet motor rotor (110) and a permanent magnet synchronous motor (100). The permanent magnet motor rotor (110) comprises: a rotor core (111); tangentially magnetized main-pole permanent magnets (112), the main-pole permanent magnets (112) being disposed in a radial direction of the rotor core (111), the main-pole permanent magnets (112) being uniformly arranged in a circumferential direction of the rotor core (111), and the closest surfaces of any two adjacent main-pole permanent magnets (112) having same magnetic poles; and an auxiliary permanent magnet (113) being disposed in the radial direction of the rotor core (111), the auxiliary permanent magnet (113) being located between any two adjacent main-pole permanent magnets (112), so as to raise the operating point of the main-pole permanent magnet, thereby achieving the purpose that the demagnetization resistance capacity of the main-pole permanent magnet is improved, and the demagnetization risk is reduced.

Abstract: A rotor includes a rotor core and a plurality of magnets. The magnets are fixed on an outer circumferential surface of the rotor core. The rotor further includes at least one protective tube. The protective tube includes a cover portion. An inner circumference of the cover portion is greater than a length of an envelope line formed by outer circumferential surfaces of the magnets and common tangents of the outer circumferential surfaces of adjacent magnets, and is less than a circumference of a circumscribed circle of the magnets. The cover portion covers the magnets in a circumferential direction, thereby guaranteeing the fixing strength of the magnets while also preventing the magnets from breaking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotor (2) for brushless type motor with surface magnets (1), having radial stoppers (7) for limiting the angular displacement of the magnets during the assembly of the rotor, and having further axial stoppers (12) to limit the axial displacement of the magnets (1) during the assembly. The stoppers (7, 12) ensure the correct positioning of the magnets without the need for addition of other components, and also guarantee good performance, further avoiding problems related to noise or vibration.

Abstract: Provided are a single phase induction motor and a washing machine having the same. The single phase induction motor includes a stator and a rotor rotationally fitted with the stator, the stator includes a stator core and a stator winding disposed on the stator core, the rotor is of a squirrel cage type structure, and the single phase induction motor has two poles, a synchronous speed of 3000 rpm or 3600 rpm, and a rated speed ranging from 2200 rpm to 2800 rpm or ranging from 2600 rpm to 3400 rpm.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to a bus bar unit for providing three phases of electric current to the windings of the stator of an electric machine while structured to have a compact footprint for fitting within the enclosure of the electric machine. Each winding can have a phase lead end and a neutral end extending above one face of the stator. The bus bar unit can include three phase lead bus bars and a neutral bus bar each having a planar branch with legs extending from the planar branch, each leg having a slot at an end thereof for electrically coupling with either the phase lead or the neutral end of one or more of the windings. The planar branches can be stacked such that they overlap from a top-down perspective but are spaced apart from a side perspective.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to systems and methods to join leads of stator windings to components of an electric machine, such as a bus bar of a stator of the electric machine. Systems and methods include modifying a surface of the lead and laser welding the surface-modified lead to the bus bar. Systems and methods can include reducing the reflectivity of the lead by imparting a non-smooth surface on the lead, thereby allowing a laser to deliver concentrated energy onto the lead. The surface-modified lead can include knurled surface, a pattern of raised grooves stamped into the surface of the lead, or a roughened surface.

Abstract: A coil for an electrical machine having a stator with salient poles is disclosed. The coil has first and second coil sides joined by a respective coil end at each end to define a space for accepting a salient pole. Each coil side has an inner side facing the space and an opposed outer side. The coil comprises a plurality of turns of a conductor arranged in layers of turns with a first layer disposed on the inner side of the first coil side and outer side of the second coil side and a second layer disposed on the inner side of the second coil side and outer side of the first coil side. Arrangement of layers of turns of the conductor provides a thermal conduction path for the conductor with reduced thermal impedance, which facilitates transfer of heat into the stator from portions of the conductor oriented away from the stator surface.

Abstract: A compressor includes a shaft, a motor portion, and a compressor portion. The motor portion rotates the shaft. The compressor portion compresses refrigerant by rotation of the shaft. The motor portion has an upper insulator, a stator core, and a winding wire. The upper insulator has a plurality of insulator tooth portions. The stator core has a plurality of stator core tooth portions corresponding to the plurality of insulator tooth portions of the upper insulator. The plurality of stator core tooth portions of the stator core are respectively covered with a plurality of teeth of the upper insulator and are respectively wound around thereof by the winding wire. The insulator tooth portion of the upper insulator has a groove through which lubricant oil poured into the compressor portion passes on a stator core contacting surface which is in contact with the stator core tooth portion of the stator core.

Abstract: A brushless motor assembly includes a housing, a cover assembly, an insert, and a sensor assembly. The housing is disposed about a motor. The cover assembly is disposed on the housing and has a base and a connecting portion. The connecting portion defines a connecting region. The insert has a first insert surface and a second insert surface disposed opposite the first insert surface, each extending between a first insert end and a second insert end. The sensor assembly is disposed on the second insert surface.

Abstract: A stator structure according to an embodiment includes a stator core having a plurality of teeth; insulators configured to cover the teeth; a coil wound around each of the teeth with the insulators interposed therebetween; and first and second coil covers configured to cover the coil, each of the first and second coil covers being formed in an annular shape. The insulators have respective flange parts configured to cover respective distal end portions of the teeth. Each of the first and second coil covers has a first peripheral wall. The first peripheral wall of the first coil cover and the flange part located on one side of the insulator are arranged to face each other with a space therebetween. The first peripheral wall of the second coil cover and the flange part located on the other side of the insulator are arranged to face each other with a space therebetween.

Abstract: An actuator (100) which comprises a motor (1), a housing (2) which wraps a periphery of the motor (1), a drive mechanism (3) of which one end is provided with a push rod assembly (34); under the function of the motor (1), the push rod assembly (34) moves forward; wherein, a returning spring (4) is arranged along external sides of the housing (2) and the drive mechanism (3), and the two ends of the returning spring (4) are respectively connected at the housing (2) and the push rod assembly (34); under the force of the returning spring (4), the push rod assembly (34) moves backward to an initial position of the push rod assembly. The actuator is simple in structure and has self-returning function.

Abstract: An electrically driven eccentric weight industrial vibrator comprises a housing, a stator, a rotor, and at least one eccentric weight. The housing defines an internal chamber. The stator is positioned within the internal chamber of the housing and is fixed in rotation relative to the housing. The rotor encircles the stator and is rotationally connected to the stator and the housing in a manner such that the rotor is able to revolve around the stator within the internal chamber of the housing. The eccentric weight is mounted to the rotor in a manner such that the eccentric weight is able to revolve about the stator together with the rotor.

Abstract: A wet cavity electric machine includes a stator core having two stator poles formed by a post and a wire wound about the post to form a stator winding, with the stator winding having end turns, and a rotor having two rotor poles and configured to rotate relative to the stator and a channel for liquid coolant to flow through the rotor, and at least one fluid port in fluid communication with the channel and the stator winding end turns wherein the end turns will be exposed to liquid coolant passing through the channel.

Abstract: In some examples, a half-bridge circuit includes a first switch including a first load terminal, a second load terminal, a first control terminal, and a second control terminal that is electrically isolated from the first control terminal of the first switch. The half-bridge circuit further includes a second switch including a first load terminal electrically connected to the second load terminal of the first switch, a second load terminal, and a control terminal.

Abstract: Provided are an insertion method and an insertion apparatus for efficiently and reliably inserting a plurality of coil elements aligned in a ring shape into respective slots of a stator core. In an insertion method of inserting, the insertion method includes a coil element alignment process S3 of forming an assembly body 50 by assembling the plurality of coil elements 40 in a ring shape in the state where the turn portions 42 alternately overlap each other, a supporting process S42 of supporting the assembly body 50 by using the turn portions 42, and an insertion process S45 of allowing the assembly body 50 and the stator core 60 to be close to each other and inserting the leg portions 41 of the coil elements 40 of the assembly body 50 into the slots 61.

Abstract: A turbine engine is described that includes a drive shaft and an electric generator, wherein the electric generator includes a first rotating element comprising a first magnet array and mechanically coupled to the drive shaft. The electric generator further includes a second rotating element comprising a second magnet array and mechanically coupled to the drive shaft and an armature comprising a first coil array and a second coil array, wherein the first rotating element is configured to rotate at a particular velocity relative to the first coil array, and the second rotating element is configured to rotate at the particular velocity relative to the second coil array.

Abstract: A rotor (10) for an axial-flux electrical machine (12) is provided. The rotor (10) comprises an annular disc-shaped central frame (20) formed of a ferromagnetic material and having first and second opposing surfaces (26, 28). Each of the first and second opposing surface (26, 28) has shaped protrusions (40) extending therefrom. The rotor (10) further comprises a first and a second outer frame (22, 24) formed of a non-ferromagnetic, electrically conducting material. Each outer frame (22, 24) has an inner periphery portion (32) and an outer periphery portion (34) and a plurality of bars (36) galvanically connecting the inner and outer periphery portions (32, 34). Gap portions (38) are defined between adjacent bars (36) and the inner and outer periphery portions (32, 34). The gap portions (38) are shaped complementary to the shaped protrusions (40) of the central frame (20).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a short-circuiting ring (1) for a squirrel-cage rotor of an asynchronous machine, wherein the method comprises the following steps in the sequence mentioned: a) providing material strips (2) from a metallic material; b) vertically edge-rolling the material strips (2) such that open disk-shaped rings (31) are formed; and punching cut-outs (5) into the disk-shaped rings (3, 31, 32); or punching cut-outs (5) into the material strips (2), and vertically edge-rolling the material strips (2) such that open disk-shaped rings (31) are formed; c) stacking the rings (3, 31, 32) such that the cut-outs (5) of all disk-shaped rings (3, 31, 32) are disposed in mutual alignment; d) bundling the individual rings (3, 31, 32) by connecting neighboring rings (3, 31, 32).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a transmission system having a transmission subsystem, a transmission housing for housing the transmission subsystem, and a rotor operably associated with the transmission subsystem. The rotor has a weight and dimension to act as a flywheel. At least one stator pole segment is housed within the transmission housing and has at least one stator winding thereon positioned in proximity to a surface of the rotor. An inverter communicates with the stator winding and electrically energizes the winding to cause rotation of the rotor.

Abstract: Certain aspects relate to designs for an interior permanent magnet (IPM) electrical machine stator having a plurality of continuous windings wound through the stator. Compared to existing designs, the disclosed stator design has an increased number of parallel conductors, an increased number of conductors per slot, increased tooth and slot width and number, and more compacted conductors, resulting in reduction in core losses, reduction in conductor losses, reduced harmonics in flux density, and improved winding reliability.